Item O1County of Monroe
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BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
Mayor George Neugent, District 2
The Florida. Key
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Mayor Pro Tem David Rice, District 4
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Danny L. Kolhage, District 1
Heather Carruthers, District 3
Sylvia J. Murphy, District 5
County Commission Meeting
April 12, 2017
Agenda Item Number: O.1
Agenda Item Summary #2869
BULK ITEM: No DEPARTMENT: BOCC District 4
TIME APPROXIMATE: STAFF CONTACT: Tamara Lamarche (305) 289 -6000
N/A
AGENDA ITEM WORDING: Approval of a resolution of requesting that Senate Bill 162 and
House Bill 162 be amended to make coastal counties eligible to participate in a proposed pilot
program for "coastal communities" to regulate or ban single use disposal plastic bags and expressing
support for the pilot program.
ITEM BACKGROUND: Current law preempts local governments from passing ordinances which
would regulate or ban retailers from using single use, disposal plastic bags. See, F.S. 403.7033.
During the 2017 legislative session proposed legislation — Senate Bill 162 and House Bill 93 — has
been introduced which would authorize certain coastal municipalities, but not coastal counties, to
establish pilot programs to regulate or ban disposable plastic bags. Under the resolution the Board
calls upon the sponsors of both bills to amend their legislation to include language which would
allow coastal counties, in addition to coastal municipalities with less than 100,000 in population, to
participate in the pilot program.
The Board has repeatedly voiced its support for this type of legislation provided that it is amended to
include coastal counties such as Monroe County, through the adoption of Resolutions 102a -2015 and
26 -2016, as well as the County's 2017 State Legislative Agenda
PREVIOUS RELEVANT BOCC ACTION:
The BOCC has approved the following:
Resolution No. 102a -2015
Resolution No. 26 -2016
County's 2017 State Legislative Agenda
CONTRACT /AGREEMENT CHANGES:
None
STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Approval.
DOCUMENTATION:
STAMPED Resolution on Disposal Plastic Bags Legislation SB 162 HB 93 2017
F.S. 403.7033
2017 HB 93
2017 SB 162
Reso 26 -2016 Single Use Plastic Bags- adding counties
Resolution 102a -2015 04.15.15 - Single Use Plastic Bags
FINANCIAL IMPACT:
Effective Date:
Expiration Date:
Total Dollar Value of Contract:
Total Cost to County:
Current Year Portion:
Budgeted:
Source of Funds:
CPI:
Indirect Costs:
Estimated Ongoing Costs Not Included in above dollar amounts:
Revenue Producing:
Grant:
County Match:
Insurance Required:
Additional Details:
If yes, amount:
None
REVIEWED BY:
David Rice Skipped
Bob Shillinger Completed
Kathy Peters Completed
Board of County Commissioners Pending
04/03/2017 11:03 AM
04/04/2017 3:10 PM
04/05/2017 2:57 PM
04/12/2017 9:00 AM
RESOLUTION NO. -2017
WHEREAS, the Board of Commissioners of Monroe County, Florida is charged
with safeguarding the public health, safety, and welfare of the residents of the County, and
WHEREAS, the wise stewardship of our natural resources involves the protection
of Florida's water supplies and natural environment for generations to come; and
WHEREAS, protection ofthe environment is better accomplished by the prevention
of contamination and environmental degradation, as opposed to post-contarni nati oil, post
degradation, or otherwise after-the-fact environmental cleanup and restoration, and
WHEREAS, Monroe County is diligent in its efforts to preserve the beautiful
environment that supports the tourism industry which is so vital to the economy of
Monroe County and the State of Florida; and
WHEREAS, single-use plastic bags are detrimental because they do not fully
degrade in our oceans or land environment and they introduce unsafe chernicals into our
environment; and
WHEREAS, single-use plastic bags create the potential for death of land and
marine animals through entanglement and ingestion; and
WHEREAS, the potential long-term and cumulative health and environmental
impacts of single-use plastic bags pose a risk to the public health, safety, and welfare of
the County's residents; and
WHEREAS, the expansive usage of single-use shopping bags and their typical
disposal rates creates an impediment to the County's waste reduction and recycling goalt
while creating unsightly litter; and
Page 1 of 4
WHEREAS, single -use plastic bags are difficult to recycle and frequently
contaminate material that is processed through the County's curbside recycling and
composting programs; and
WHEREAS, reusable bags are considered to be the best option to reduce waste and
litter, protect wildlife and conservte resources; and
WHEREAS, the Board of CoUnty Commissioners acknowledges that some
businesses have taken affirmative steps to accomplish this goal and recognizes their proactive
efforts; and
WHEREAS, F.S. 403.7033 states "Die Le islature f nds that prudent regulation of
r °ect materaca s is crucial to the ongohkg we are of Florida's s ecoloD and econr m 4s
Stich, the Department of Etar°irownental Protection shall undertake an crnahsis of the need /br
crest° or rliflerent regulation of aauxilrartill containers, is =r °rrpph s, or` disposable plastic bags used
bt consumers to crar°o i- oducts °rarer s °elail e trablislrtr ents." are
WHEREAS, C.S. 403.7033 also states, "The car almis shall inclrrrle input - ont state
and local government ent ca encies, stakeholders, pr - ivate businesses, and c®iti::ens, cartel shall
c }warrlirrrte the c caci and necessity of both .stateixide and local re irlatirarr of'these rrrrrte ials. ";
and
WHEREAS, C.S. 403.7033 prohibits local government regulation of the use of plastic
bags locally stating "Until such thne that the Legislature radapts the reec®onintendations of the
department, no local government, local governmental a, enc.11, car state °over-nment a erres rrrrrv°
enact an,v rule, r td ation, at or °elin ante regarding Lase, disposition, sale, prohibition,
restriction, or tax of stach an ilimy containers, titrr °cappin sa or disposable pletstic& brags.' and
WHEREAS, the current proposed bills, Senate Bill 162 and House Bill 93, would
authorize. "mo,.cet °twain municipalities to establish pilot prcr, r °cartrs to regulate at bract disposable
plastic brags,. "and
WHEREAS, the Board has repeatedly voiced its support for this type of legislation,
provided that it is amended to include coastal counties such as Monroe County, through the
adoption of Resolution No. 102a -2015 and Resolution No. 26 -2016, as well as the County's
201 State Legislative Agenda; and
WHEREAS, the Board calls upon the sponsors of these bills to amend Senate Bill
162 and House Bill 93 to include language which would allow counties, in addition to
municipalities with less than 100,000 in population., participate in the pilot program; and
WHEREAS, the Board supports Senate Bill 162 and House Bill 93, if amended as set
forth herein;
Page 2 of 4
NOW TUIEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF
COMMISSIONERS OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA:
Section 1. The sponsors of Senate Bill 162 and House Bill 93 are respectively
requested to arnend their respective bills to expand the definition of
44 coastal connnunii to include coastal counties.
Section 2. The Clerk is directed to mail copies of this resolution to the Senators
who introduced Senate Bill 162:
Page 3 of 4
PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Board of County Commissioners of Monroe
County, Florida at a regular meeting of said Board held on the 12' day of April, 2017.
Mayor George Neugent
Mayor Pro Tem David Rice
Commissioner Heather Carruthers
Commissioner Danny Kolhage
Commissioner Sylvia Murphy
(SEAL)
ATTEST: KEVIN MADOK, Clerk BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA
By: By:
Deputy Clerk
Mayor
Page 4 of 4
403.7033. Departmental analysis of particular recyclable materials, FL ST § 403.7033
KeyCite Yellow Flag - Negative Treatment
Proposed Legislation
West's Florida Statutes Annotated
Title XXIX. Public Health (Chapters 381 -408)
Chapter 403. Environmental Control (Refs & Annos)
Part IV. Resource Recovery and Management (Refs & Annos)
West's F.S.A. § 403.7033
403.7033• Departmental analysis of particular recyclable materials
Effective: July 1, 2008
Currentness
The Legislature finds that prudent regulation of recyclable materials is crucial to the ongoing welfare of Florida's ecology
and economy. As such, the Department of Environmental Protection shall undertake an analysis of the need for new or
different regulation of auxiliary containers, wrappings, or disposable plastic bags used by consumers to carry products
from retail establishments. The analysis shall include input from state and local government agencies, stakeholders,
private businesses, and citizens, and shall evaluate the efficacy and necessity of both statewide and local regulation of
these materials. To ensure consistent and effective implementation, the department shall submit a report with conclusions
and recommendations to the Legislature no later than February 1, 2010. Until such time that the Legislature adopts the
recommendations of the department, no local government, local governmental agency, or state government agency may
enact any rule, regulation, or ordinance regarding use, disposition, sale, prohibition, restriction, or tax of such auxiliary
containers, wrappings, or disposable plastic bags.
Credits
Added by Laws 2008, c. 2008 -227, § 96, eff. July t, 2008.
West's F. S. A. § 403.7033, FL ST § 403.7033
Current with chapters from the 2017 First Regular Session of the 25th Legislature in effect through March 13, 2017
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A bill - to be entitled
el ation or ban of
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An act relating to disposable plastic bags; creating
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s. 403.70325, F.S.; authorizing certain municipalities
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to establish pilot programs to regulate or ban
(1) Not withstandina s. 403
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disposable plastic bags; providing program criteria;
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providing for expiration of the program; directing
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participating municipalities to collect data and
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submit reports to the municipal governing body and the
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Department of Environmental Protection; defining the
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term "coastal community"; reenacting s. 403.7033,
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F.S., relating to the analysis of particular
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recyclable materials by the Department of
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Environmental Protection, to incorporate the creation
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of s. 403.70325, F.S., in a reference thereto;
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providing an effective date.
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Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida:
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Section 1. Section 403.70325, Florida Statutes, is created
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to read®
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403.70325
el ation or ban of
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d. oaable plaac baggy.
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(1) Not withstandina s. 403
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may establish a
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Page I of 3 <
F L 0 R I D A H 0 U S E 0 F R E P R E S E N T A T |
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By Senator Rodriguez
SB 162
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SB 162
37-00237A-17 2017162
33 (2.)-- n municipa ram shall:
34 (a) Collect data pertaining to the impact of such
35 regulation or ban.
36 (b) By April 1, 2020, submit a report on the impact of such
37 regulation or ban to the governing body of the municipality at a
38 public hearing that is open to comments from the public.
39 (c) Provide a copy of the report to the department.
40 Section 2. Section 403.7033, Florida Statutes, is
41 republished to read:
42 403.7033 Departmental analysis of particular recyclable
43 materials.—The Legislature finds that prudent regulation of
44 recyclable materials is crucial to the ongoing welfare of
45 Florida's ecology and economy. As such, the Department of
46 Environmental Protection shall undertake an analysis of the need
47 for new or different regulation of auxiliary containers,
48 wrappings, or disposable plastic bags used by consumers to carry
49 products from retail establishments. The analysis shall include
50 input from state and local government agencies, stakeholders,
51 private businesses, and citizens, and shall evaluate the
52 efficacy and necessity of both statewide and local regulation of
53 these materials. To ensure consistent and effective
54 implementation, the department shall submit a report with
55 conclusions and recommendations to the Legislature no later than
56 February 1, 2010. Until such time that the Legislature adopts
57 the recommendations of the department, no local government,
58 local governmental agency, or state government agency may enact
59 any rule, regulation, or ordinance regarding use, disposition,
60 sale, prohibition, restriction, or tax of such auxiliary
61 containers, wrappings, or disposable plastic bags.
Page 2 of 3
CODING: Words -&�' °�°„ are deletions; words underlined are addF
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37-00237A-17 2017162
Section 3. This act shall take effect upon becoming a law.
11
Page 3 of 3
CODING: Words e-t-V ~' ° ^°� are deletions; words underlined are add
Mayor Carruthers
RESOLUTION NO. dA tP - 2016
A RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA REQUESTING PROPOSED
SENATE BILL 306 AND HOUSE BILL 143 BE AMENDED TO ALSO
AUTHORIZE COUNTIES TO QUALIFY AS A `COASTAL
COMMUNITY" AS DEFINED IN THE PROPOSED BILLS;
PROVIDING FOR THE CREATION OF KS 403.70325 TO
AUTHORIZE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF QUALIFYING PILOT
PROGRAMS TO REGULATE OR BAN DISPOSABLE PLASTIC
BAGS IN QUALIFYING MUNICIPAL OR COUNTY COASTAL
COMMUNITIES; PROVIDING PROGRAM CRITERIA, PROVIDING
FOR EXPIRATION OF THE PROGRAM AND PROGRAM
REPORTING CRITERIA AND REPORT DISTRIBUTION.
WHEREAS the Board of Commissioners of Monroe County, Florida is charged with
safeguarding the public health, safety, and welfare of the residents of the County; and
WHEREAS, the wise stewardship of our natural resources involves the protection of
Florida's water supplies and natural environment for generations to come; and
WHEREAS, protection of the environment is better accomplished by the prevention of
contamination and environmental degradation, as opposed to post- contamination, post -
degradation, or otherwise after -the fact environmental cleanup and restoration, and
WHEREAS, Monroe County is diligent in its efforts to preserve the beautiful
environment that supports the tourism industry which is so vital to the economy of Monroe
County and the State; and
WHEREAS, single -use plastic bags are detrimental because they do not fully degrade in
our oceans or land environment and they introduce unsafe chemicals into our environment; and
WHEREAS, single -use plastic bags create the potential for death of Iand and marine
animals through entanglement and ingestion; and
WHEREAS, the potential long -term and cumulative health and environmental impacts
of single -use plastic bags pose a risk to the public health, safety, and welfare of the County's
residents; and
WHEREAS, the expansive usage of single -use shopping bags and their typical disposal
rates creates an impediment to the County's waste reduction and recycling goals while creating
unsightly litter, and
Mayor Carruthers
WHEREAS, single-use plastic bags are difficult to recycle and frequently contaminate
material is processed through county's curbside recycling and composting programs; and
WHEREAS, reusable bags are considered to be the best option to reduce waste and litter,
protect wildlife and conservation resources; and
WHEREAS, the Board of County Commissioners acknowledges that some businesses
have taken affirmative steps to accomplish this goal and recognizes their proactive efforts; and
WHEREAS, F.S. 403.7033 "...finds that prudent regulation of recyclable materials is
crucial to the ongoing iveyare of Florida's ecology and economy. As such, the Department of
Environniental Protection shall undertake all analysis of the need for new or different regulation
of auxiliary containers, wrappings, or disposable plastic bags used by consumers to carry
projectsfi-oni retail establishments, ", and
WHEREAS, "The analysis shall inchide input fi -ant state and local government
agencies, stakeholders, private businesses, and citizens, and shall evaluate the efficacy and
necessity of both statewide and local regulation of these materials. "; and
WHEREAS, F.S. 403.7033 prohibits local governments or agencies from enacting "..ally
ride, regulation, or ordinance regarding use, disposition, sale, prohibition, restriction or Ia:C Of
such auxiliary containers, wrappings, or disposable plastic bags. "; and
WHEREAS, on April 15, 2015 the Board passed Resohition No. 102a-2015
"...supporting the initiatives by local governments in Florida to lessen the negative impact of
single-use plastic bags on our environment and requesting expansion of state legislation to
inchide counties, in addition to municipalities, to allow the regulation andl'or ban of single-use
plastic bags by both municipalities and counties."; and
WHEREAS, the current proposed bills SB 306 and HB 143 authorizes "...certain
municipalities to establish pilot programs to regulate or ban disposable plastic bags...'; and
Page 2 of 3
Mayor Carruthers
WHEREAS, if enacted into law and in accordance with the law, Monroe County may
enact an ordinance for the regulation or ban of disposable plastic bags that will take effect no
earlier than 11112017 and expires no later than 6130/2019. Such ordinance may not include any
new taxes or fees on the use or distribution of disposable bags; and
WHEREAS, if enacted into law, and allowed as a county government to participate, the
County may establish a pilot program that will include:
1. Collection of data pertaining to the impact or ban
2. Submit a report on the impact at a public hearing by 41112019
3. Provide report to Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP)
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF
COMMISSIONERS OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA:
Section 1. The Board hereby requests an amendment to the language
in the proposed SB 306 and HB 143, creating F.S.
40330325, to also include those Counties who qualify as a
"coastal community" under the definition provided in the
proposed Senate and House Bill,
Section 2 . The Board supports SB 306 and HB 143, with amended
language to also include Counties, and expresses its
eagerness, by way of this resolution, to participate in a pilot
program as authorized under F.S. 403.70325, if enacted,
and its related 403.7033.
Section 3. The Clerk is hereby directed to mail a copy of this executed
resolution to Governor Rick Scott, Senate President Andy
Gardiner, House Speaker Steve Crinsfulli, Senator Dwight
Bullard and Representative Holly Raschein.
PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Board of County Commissio %TA4fMWW&fflW'
Florida, at a regular meeting of said Board held on the 10 day of FebruaM@9K;V OF MONROE
Mayor Heather Carruthers
Mayor pro tern George Neugent
Commissioner Danny L. Kolhage
Commissioner David Rice
Commissioner Sylvia Murphy
HEAVILIN, CLERK
BOARD OF COUN
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Florida Senate - 2016
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Florida Senate - 2016 SB 306
39-00415A-16 2016306
containers, wrappings, or disposable plastic bags.
Section 3. This act shall to effect upon becoming a law.
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Page 3 of 3
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Mayor Pro Tern Carruthers
RESOLUTION NO. 102a - 2015
A RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF COUNTY
COMMISSIONERS OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA,
SUPPORTING THE INITIATIVES BY LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS IN FLORIDA TO LESSEN THE
NEGATIVE IMPACT OF SINGLE -USE PLASTIC BAGS ON
OUR ENVIRONMENT AND REQUESTING EXPANSION
OF STATE LEGISLATION TO INCLUDE COUNTIES, IN
ADDITION TO MUNICIPALITES, TO ALLOW THE
REGULATION AND /OR BAN OF SINGLE -USE PLASTIC
BAGS BY BOTH MUNICIPALITIES AND COUNTIES.
WHEREAS, Monroe County is diligent in its efforts to preserve the beautiful
environment that supports the tourism industry which is so vital to the economy of Monroe
County and the State of Florida; and
WHEREAS, plastic bags are detrimental because they do not fully degrade in our
oceans or land environment and they introduce unsafe chemicals into our environment; and
WHEREAS, plastic bags create the potential for death of land and marine
animals through entanglement and ingestion; and
WHEREAS, the expansive usage of single -use shopping bags and their typical
disposal rates creates an impediment to the County's waste reduction and recycling goals
while creating unsightly litter, and
WHEREAS, single -use plastic bags are difficult to recycle and frequently contaminate
material that is processed through the County's curbside recycling and composting
programs; and
WHEREAS, reusable bags are considered to be the best option to reduce waste and
litter, protect wildlife and conserve resources; and
WHEREAS, the Board of County Commissioners for Monroe County
acknowledges that some businesses have taken affirmative steps to accomplish this goal and
recognizes their proactive efforts; and
WHEREAS, it is in the public interest for the Board of County Commissioners
for Monroe County to encourage and enable the location of a viable reusable bag
manufacturing operation in the State of Florida; and
WHEREAS, it is in the public interest for the Florida Legislature to provide statewide
deregulation of the proliferation of single -use shopping bags; and
WHEREAS, if the State does not act to regulate the proliferation of single -use
shopping bags the Board of County Commissioners for Monroe County would like to
potentially enact regulations governing the use of plastic checkout bags;
1.
Mayor Pro Tern Carruthers
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY
COMMISSIONERS OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA:
SECTION 1. Monroe County is committed to the long -term goal of reducing the
harms of plastic pollution on our fragile environment and committed to
ensuring a thriving, attractive and safe environment for current and
future residents and tourists.
SECTION 2. Monroe County does hereby support initiatives to lessen the negative
impact of single -use plastic bags specifically, and supports the
promotion of reusable shopping bags as the best alternative to single -
use plastic or single -use paper bags.
w
SECTION 3. Monroe County supports the State Legislature's action to allow local
municipalities in the State of Florida to regulate their own focal
communities in an effort to alleviate the harms cause by
single -use shopping bags; and, therefore, Monroe County opposes
any statewide preemption on local efforts to determine the best
course of action with regards to protection of the local environment
and tourism economy.
SECTION 4. Monroe County respectfully requests the State Legislature expand their
legislation to also include counties, in addition to municipalities, to
allow the regulation and/or ban of single -use plastic bags by both
municipalities and counties.
PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Board of County Commissioners of Monroe County,
Florida, at a regular meeting of said board held on the 15 day of April, 2015.
Mayor Danny L. Kolhage, District 1
Mayor Pro Tern heather Carruthers, District 3
Commissioner George Neugent, District 2
Commissioner David Rice, District 4
Commissioner Sylvia Murphy, District 5
Heavilin, Clerk
By:
Dep ty Clerk
Yes
Yes it
Yes
Yes
Yes
BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
OF i OE CO RIDA
By: \
Mayor army L. Kolhage
Mayor Pro Tem Carruthers
RESOLUTION NO,. 102a - 2015
WHEREAS, Monroe County is diligent in its efforts to preserve the beautiful
environment that supports the tourism industry which is so vital to the economy of Monroe
County and the State of Florida; and
WHEREAS, plastic bags are detrimental because they do not fully degrade in our
oceans or land environment and they introduce unsafe chemicals into our environment; and
WHEREAS, plastic bags create the potential for death of land and marine
animals through entanglement and ingestion; and
WHEREAS, the expansive usage of single -use shopping bags and their typical
disposal rates creates an impediment to the County's waste reduction and recycling goals
while creating unsightly litter; and
WHEREAS, single -use plastic bags are difficult to recycle and frequently contaminate
material that is processed through the County's curbside recycling and composting
programs; and
WHEREAS, reusable bags are considered to be the best option to reduce waste and
litter, protect wildlife and conserve resources; and
WHEREAS, the Board of County Commissioners for Monroe County
acknowledges that some businesses have taken affirmative steps to accomplish this goal and
recognizes their proactive efforts; and
WHEREAS, it is in the public interest for the Board of County Commissioners
for Monroe County to encourage and enable the location of a viable reusable bag
manufacturing operation in the State of Florida; and
WHEREAS, it is in the public interest for the Florida Legislature to provide statewide
deregulation of the proliferation of single -use shopping bags; and
WHEREAS, if the State does not act to regulate the proliferation of single -use
shopping bags the Board of County Commissioners for Monroe County would like to
potentially enact regulations governing the use of plastic checkout bags;
Mayor Pro Tem Carruthers
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY
COMMISSIONERS OF / 1 COUNTY, / 1
SECTION 1. Monroe County is committed to the long -term goal of reducing the
harms of plastic pollution on our fragile environment and committed to
ensuring a thriving, attractive and safe environment for current and
future residents and tourists.
SECTION 2. Monroe County does hereby support initiatives to lessen the negative
impact of single -use plastic bags specifically, and supports the
promotion of reusable shopping bags as the best alternative to single -
use plastic or single -use paper bags.
U
SECTION 3. Monroe County supports the State Legislature's action to allow local
municipalities in the State of Florida to regulate their own local
communities in an effort to alleviate the harms cause by
single -use shopping bags; and, therefore, Monroe County opposes
any statewide preemption on local efforts to determine the best
course of action with regards to protection of the local environment
and tourism economy.
0
SECTION 4. Monroe County respectfully requests the State Legislature expand their
legislation to also include counties, in addition to municipalities, to
allow the regulation and/or ban of single -use plastic bags by both
municipalities and counties.
PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Board of County Commissioners of Monroe County,
Florida, at a regular meeting of said board held on the 15'' day of April, 2015.
Mayor Danny L. Kolhage, District 1 Yes
Mayor Pro Tem Heather Carruthers, District 3 Yes
Commissioner George Neugent, District 2 Yes
Commissioner David Rice, District 4 Yes
Commissioner Sylvia Murphy, District 5 Yes
Heavdui, Clerk
By: ` l& lle _v
Deputy Clerk
1 •x''11# wI ,)
Vanny L. Kothage
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