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Item F2Revised 3/99 BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY Meeting Date: May 17, 2000 Division: Public Safety Bulk Item: Yes ❑ No Department: Emergency Management AGENDA ITEM WORDING: Adoption of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) Document presented by Ms. Janice Drewing, project contractor. ITEM BACKGROUND: The LMS Document was developed by a county -wide working group whose goal was to identify programs and to review and develop strategies for reducing the impact and vulnerability to hazardous events which would impact all of Monroe County. Additionally, this document has been reviewed and approved by the Department of Community Affairs, which mandates its adoption by the Board of County Commissioners. PREVIOUS RELEVANT BOCC ACTION: Approval of grant acceptance and grant contract with DCA and related municipal interlocal agreements. Approvalof original LMS contract, April 1998; approval of extensions to original contract august 1998, October 1998, December 1998 and May 1999. STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Adoption TOTAL COST: $110,500.00 COST TO COUNTY: $0 REVENUE PRODUCING: Yes ❑ No BUDGETED: Yes ® No ❑ AMOUNT PER MONTH YEAR APPROVED BY: COUNTY ATTY N/A OMB/PURCHASING N/A RISK MANAGEMENT N/A DEPARTMENT SENIOR DIRECTOR A DEPARTMENT SENIOR DIRECTOR N DIVISION DIRECTOR APPROVAL: DIVISION DIRECTOR NAME: DOCUMENTATION: INCLUDED: DISPOSITION: R. "Reggie" Paros FOLLOW: ❑ NOT REQUIRED: ❑ AGENDA ITEM #: I FZ_ fly a 0 MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY (LMS) FIRST DELIVERABLES (Incorporating First and Second Deliverables) DECEMBER 31, 1998 (REVISED AS PER DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS (DCA) COMMENTS AND MINOR REVISONS FROM LMS WORKING GROUP MEMBERS) Prepared by the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group And Janice Drewing Consulting, Inc. Plantation Key, FL Monroc; County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, first and Second Deli"-erables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY (LMS) FIRST DELIVERABLES, DECEMBER 31, 1998 (Incorporating First and Second Deliverables) (Revised As Per Department of Community Affairs Comments, February 4, 1999 and Minor Revisions From LMS Working Group Members) (TEXT ONLY, ATTACHMENTS PREVIOUSLY SUBMITTED) Prepared by the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) Working Group and Janice Drewing Consulting, Inc. Plantation Key, FL The Local Mitigation Strategy is prepared pursuant to the Florida Department of Community Affairs (DCA) document, "The Local Mitigation Strategy: A Guidebook for Florida Cities and Counties". Introduction, page 1. Part I: Process, pages 3-9. - Working Group - Evaluation Part II: Product pages 9-104. - Guiding Principles - Government Entities - Goals and Objectives - Mitigation Measures Index Part III: Hazard Identification Vulnerability Analysis, Pages 105-123. - Inventory - Private Sector Interests - Prioritization Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. (Note: Shaded areas indicate revisions pursuant to Department of Community Affairs (DCA) comments, February 4, 1999.) INTRODUCTION The objective of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy (MCLMS) (herein referred to as the Local_ Mitigation Strategy) is to provide Monroe County and the incorporated areas of, the Village of Islamorada, City of Layton, City of Key Colony Beach, and the City of Key West methods to combat future damage caused by various hazards, especially hurricanes and other storms. Mitigation is a kind of prevention. The purpose of hazard mitigation is to permanently reduce or eliminate lon-tg_erm risk to people and property from the effects of hazards. The Local Mitigation Strategy is developed through a "Working Group" composed of representatives of Monroe County, the incorporated municipalities, and other groups that will contribute to the process. Through the Local Mitigation Strategy, Monroe County and its incorporated areas will identify and prioritize hazard mitigation projects. This will help them deal with disasters when they occur and lessen their effect in coming years. The Local Mitigation Strategy is prepared pursuant to the Florida Department of Community Affairs (DCA) document, "The Local Mitigation Strategy: A Guidebook for Florida Cities and Counties". The Local Mitigation Strategy has a number of required components. These are divided in two parts. Part I deals with "the Process" of developing the Local Mitigation Strategy. The process concerns, government coordination, public participation, and evaluation and enhancement. Part II is "the Product" that results from the Local Mitigation Strategy process. The product includes Guiding Principles, Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment, and Mitigation Initiatives. The Local Mitigation Strategy incorporates and is organized around the requirements specified by DCA. After the Local Mitigation Strategy was initiated, two events occurred that would greatly affect the development and outcome of the Local Mitigation Strategy. Hurricane Georges made landfall in Monroe County, the Florida Keys, at approximately 11:00 a.m. on Friday, September 25, 1998. Hard hit areas included Marathon (Mile -marker 50) south to Key West. The eye made landfall between Bay Point and Big Pine Key. Several areas including Cudjoe Key and Big Pine Key sustained serious and extensive damage. No area of the Keys remained untouched by the large and forceful storm. Not yet recovered from Georges, the Florida Keys suffered another blow when Tropical Storm Mitch affected the area on Wednesday and Thursday, November 4 and 5, 1998. The storm was more serious than originally anticipated and spawned several tornadoes.. This Monroe County Local Mithzation Strategy, 199s-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as Fer DCA and Working Group Member comments. time the Upper Keys, especially Key Largo, sustained the most serious and greatest amount of damage. Note: Shaded areas of this document represent changes incorporated pursuant to comments provided by the Department of Community Affairs on February 4, 1999. 2 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. PART I: PROCESS A. Monroe Countv Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (herein referred to as the Working Group) 1. Establishment: The Working Group was established pursuant to authorization by the Monroe County Board of County Commissioners (BOCC) on April 8, 1998, for the development of a Local Mitigation Strategy Program (LMSP). 2. Amended Listing of Working Group Members (as of October, 1999): *Jim Martin *William Wagner, III *Ed Borysiewicz Affiliation Function Contact City Electric Utility Rep 305=295-1016 FL Keys Electric Utility; Rep 305-852-2431 FL Keys:Aqueduct Chief Design :, : - . 305=296-2454 Authority Eng><nee F Licensed Ham " Niamteriance Du " Monroe County Construction Mgr 305=872 1950 School System and Exec emu. Support 305-293=1403 Public Board of ;', Services _ ._ Education 305-853.-3226 Extension 320 Monroe County 305-292-4501 Extension Service City of Layton City Administrator 305-664-4667 Islamorada Fire Chief 305-664-4559 City of Key Building Official 305-289-1212 Colony Beach *Annalise M=Lachner City of Key West Assistant Engineer 3057292-8180 -Nancy G'bson 305=292=8230 3 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Deanna Lloyd Monroe County Grants Coordinator 305-292-4474 *Jerry O'Cathey Monroe County ; Emergency Planning 305-289-6018 Coordinator and Working Group Leader (Chairman) Kimberly Ogren Monroe County Dept. of Growth 305-289-2500 Management George Born Monroe County Historic FL 305-292-6718 Keys Foundation *StephanieWalters Monroe County MC Health Dept.- 305-292-6894 *Lisa L. Gordon Monroe County FL DEP. 305-289-2310 - Emergency :. Respo nse *Alex Marks FL Dept of Couniy 305-289-2402 ; ., CommucutyL iaiso L n ... f Affairs (D 7- Allan Woolwich Michael Puto = Rotary Club Public 305-743 9562 Commercial Fishermen Pgr. 334 '1274 *Captain Jerry Salvation`Army Non-profit 305-294-5b11 Steven Lawes Florida Keys Non-profit 305-872-3464 Employment and Training Council, (FKETC) Paradise Interfaith Network Bruce Waite FKETC Non-profit 305-292-6762 *Mary Hensel Innerspace Dive Private/Non-Profit 305-872-2319 Shop/FL seacamp- 305-872-23 1 Bob..Deliere Century 21, Private 305-852-5595 Real Estate 4 Monroe County Local Miti('ation Strategy, 199S- 1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as her DCA and Working Group Member comments. Listing of Working Group Members continued: Name Affiliation *Becky Iannotta Monroe County Rep. To Congressman Peter Deutsch American '.RPM tt-rnec Function Congressional Non -Profit Public Non -Profit athon Chamber Private 'ommerce :ury. 21 Private Estate :eys Citizens Public Contact 305-294-5815 305-294-4193 305-294-9526 305-296-4033 305-743-5417 ,05-852-5595 305=872-4346 , *Indicates consulting members who do not attend meetings but are provided with copies of 'minutes ':and documents .`prepared by . he Working Group .for 'review and comment: Irene Toner, Operations: Manager,for Monroe County Emergency Management is. the main contact person for the overall,.Locai Mitigation Strategy -Project. The contact -person for the Working Group is Jerry 'O'Cathey, Emergency Coordinator and Working Group Chairperson. The Working Group has several members representing public and non-profit interests these include the Rotary Club,, Florida .Employment and Training Council (FKETC), Paradise Interfaith Network (PIN), , American Red Cross, Salvation Arn4y, Monroe County Association for Retarded Citizen's (MARC), Florida Sea Camp, the Florida Keys,Association Of Commercial Fishermen, and the Florida Keys Citizen's Coalition. nnerspam "Dive Shop, the Marathon Chamber of Commerce, and Century 21 Real Estate represent private interests. Local Mitigation Strategy meetings were advertised to encourage public attendance and participation. Open public forums were advertised as such and held in locations in the Lower (Key West), Middle (Key, Colony Beach) -and Upper (Plantation Key) Keys. Public hearings will beheld m conjunction with the consideration and approval of the: Loca1`Mitigation Strategy by:the'Monroe County Board of Gounty'Co ri issioners"(BOCC 5 Monroe County i_Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, first and Second Deliverables as re, iscd as per DCA and Working iiroup Member comments. The Working Group is well constituted for the particular and specialized needs of Monroe County. The «orking Group represents a diversity of interests and demonstrates depth of membership. Subsequent to Hurricane Georges and Tropical Storm Mitch, a review will be conducted to determine the most appropriate voluntary agencies and additional public organizations to serve on the \t orking Group. Pursuant to this, the Local Mitigation Strategy will expand its membership to include such groups. 3. Working Group Meeting Schedule Working Group meetings will be held on the second Wednesday of each month, at 1:00 p.m. Additional meetings may be called on an as -need basis. Schedule changes may be made by consensus of the Working Group. Locations will be determined by meeting room availability. Notices will be sent to all members prior to each meeting. 4. Working Group Minutes Minutes of Working, Group Meetings, conducted thus far, are included in Attachment A, Minutes. 5. The follo«ing is a listing of Working Group Agreements established between Monroe Countv and each municipality in its jurisdiction: City of Key West. FL, Annalise Mannix-Lachner, Contact Person City of Key Colony Beach, FL, Ed Borysiewicz, Contact Person City of Layton_ FL, Jim Martin, Contact Person Village of Islamorada, FL William Wagner III, Contact Person There are no cities in Monroe County that elected to have the county complete planning efforts for the Local Mitigation Strategy. No municipalities in Monroe County have chosen not to participate in the Local Mitigation Strategy. 6. Conflict Resolution Procedures The Working Group will use the conflict resolution procedures employed by the South Florida Regional Planning Council. These are provided in Attachment B, Conflict Resolution Procedures. In addition, to resolve minor conflicts within the Group, the following procedures will be used. Working Grouo Procedures for Resolving Minor Conflicts a. Select a Facilitator/Mediator b. Identify problem (s) r Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, first and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. C. Identify disputing parties. d. Using a Flip Chart or Board, List Major Issues and Record Differences C. Solicit Suggestions/Solutions From Group. f. Parlay — Round Robin Discussion Among Group (if necessary specify time limit). g. List Group Recommendations. h. Discuss With Disputing Parties Any Changes In Position. i. Recommend Options (Facilitator/Mediator may offer suggestions.) j. Attempt To Affect a Compromise. k. Agreement/No Agreement 1. If No Agreement, List Alternatives. M. Discuss Pros And Cons With Group. n. Attempt Verbal Consensus. o. If No Consensus, Group Will Vote On The Issue/Issues. P. Conflict Resolved. 7. Local Mitigation Strategy Evaluation Procedure and Criteria To ensure that the Local Mitigation Strategy is current, and continues to serve the interests of residents and visitors, a yearly evaluation will be performed. Annual Evaluation Procedure: • Under the direction and authority of the Monroe County Emergency Management Director an annual review and needs assessment of the Local Mitigation Strategy will be conducted. • Emergency Management will evaluate the current Local Mitigation Strategy and identify potential areas for revision. • During the first week in February, of each year, Emergency Management will provide members of the Working Group with the latest version of the Local Mitigation Strategy and a listing of possible revisions for their review. This schedule will allow Working Group participants sufficient time to circulate the document to relevant agencies within their jurisdictions and solicit comments. • During the month of February, a two-day meeting of the Working Group will be scheduled to discuss potential changes in the Local Mitigation Strategy • The meeting will be advertised through public notice and public participation will be encouraged. In addition, representatives of public and private groups such as the Tourist Development Council, League of Women Voters, ZONTA, Chambers of Commerce, etc. will be invited to attend and participate at the meeting. 7 Monroe COLIMV Local Mitigation Stramzy_ 199S-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per - DCA and Working Group Member comments. • Using consensus building, revisions to the Local Mitigation Strategy will be identified, discussed, and finalized. • No later than the second week in April, Emergency Management will incorporate revisions in the Local Mitigation Strategy document. These will be distributed to the Working Group. Members will promptly provide any final continents to Emergency Management. • The amended Local Mitigation Strategy will be completed no later than May Ist of each year. LMS amendments will then be submitted to the Board of County Commissioners for adoption. This schedule ensures that the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) revision will be completed prior to the annual hurricane season that starts on June 1 s . • Subsequent to adoption of the revised Local Mitigation Strategy, the Monroe County Year 2010 Comprehensive Plan and the County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan will be reviewed for consistency. Evaluation Criteria The following criteria will be considered in the Local Mitigation Strategy Evaluation and Enhancement Process: • Implementation and completion of projects within Monroe County funded through the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, other grant programs, or completed mitigation activities. (This is the primary consideration in the evaluation process others follow.) • Changes in government policy through recent adoption of plans, ordinances, and standards. • Consistency with Policy Matrices contained in the Monroe County Year 2010 Comprehensive Plan, Section 5.6.2. • Effectiveness of promoting Local Mitigation Strategy Guiding Principles and accuracy of information in original Strategy. • Changes in external policies such as NFIP, Coastal Construction Control Line, etc. • Emergency Management County Self -Assessment in conjunction with the State of Florida. • Emergency Management Preparedness and Assistance Trust Fund and implementation and completion of project funded under the Trust Fund. • Consistency with Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan. • Consistency with the most recent Monroe County Year 2010 Comprehensive Plan, Evaluation and Appraisal Report (EAR). • Occurrence of a disaster. • Newly identified hazards and/or. hazard effects and impacts. • Interests and concerns of other public and private agencies. 8 -- Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Exercising the Local Mitigation Strategy The Local Mitigation Strategy will be applied to actual events and/or used during annual hurricane and hazard related exercises. Post -Disaster Evaluation Procedure Review of the Local Mitigation Strategy and possible identification of amendments, will.be carried out subsequent to, but not necessarily immediately following, a Presidential Disaster Declaration. This may occur during the recovery stage of the disaster. Following a presidential disaster declaration for Monroe County, the Local Mitigation Strategy, particularly mitigation initiatives, will be used as a resource in the Inter -Agency Hazard Mitigation Team (IHMT) (herein referred to as the IHMT) Meeting and Report Process. Pursuant to the IHMT Meeting and Report the Local Mitigation Strategy will be revised, as necessary. Perspective federal Hazard Mitigation Program 404 and 406 projects will be incorporated in the Local Mitigation Strategy. Emergency amendment procedures for the Local Mitigation Strategy may be warranted during a post -disaster situation. BOCC consideration of amendments can be accommodated through the emergency and special meeting process. The Evaluation Procedure will be incorporated in the Local Mitigation Strategy and will be included in consideration and approval of the Local Mitigation Strategy by the BOCC. PART II: PRODUCT Guiding Principles A. Identification and Listing of Government Entities, Hazard Mitigation Functions, and Loss Reduction Federal AEencies: Most federal agencies have programs, authorities, and funds that can contnbute toward mitigation efforts following a disaster. Many federal agencies, in conjunction with state and local entities, devote staff and other resources toward reducing repetitive disaster losses. Federal departments may be given Mission Assignments to directly address certain disaster - related needs such as sandbagging or debris removal. Some agency actions are taken independently while others are closely coordinated with the activities of other agencies. E Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Described below are mitigation measures undertaken by the agencies under their own authorities and programs to respond to disasters. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) FEMA is an independent agency of the federal government, reporting to the President. FEMA was founded in 1979. Its mission is to reduce loss of life and property and protect our nations' critical infrastructure from all types of hazards. This is pursued through a comprehensive risk -based, emergency management program of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. FEMA is responsible for administering the terms of the Robert T. Stafford Act, as amended, and its implementing document, Title 44 of the Code of Federal _. Regulations (44 CFR). FEMA administers all aspects of the national emergency management program. In addition to its response and recovery operations as designated in the Federal Response Plan, FEMA is also responsible for the mitigation aspects outlined in 44 CFR. After an area is declared by the President as eligible for disaster assistance, several programs may come into effect. These include Individual Assistance, Public Assistance, and Hazard Mitigation. Mitigation Activities • FEMA is responsible for coordinating the Hazard Mitigation Planning aspects of disasters. This includes analysis of a disaster to identify underlying problems and developing ways to address difficulties in the short and long-term. This is done through the Early Implementation Strategy and the Inter -Agency Hazard Mitigation Team Meeting and Report. Recommendations are made that include possible projects to be funded under the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. • Another aspect of federal hazard mitigation is the Hazard Mitigation Grant 404 Program (HMGP). After a Presidential declaration, this program provides funding, to the states for mitigation projects. • In addition to the 404 HMGP, mitigation items may also be funded under the 406 Hazard Mitigation that funds eligible facilities, which have sustained damage due to a Presidentially, declared disaster. Such measures must enhance a facility's ability to resist similar damage in the future. 406 mitigation is administered under the Public Assistance Program. • A major mitigation initiative of FEMA is the Project Impact Program. This is an effort to foster disaster resistant communities. The program encourages partnerships such as public -private to take responsibility for making communities safer and better protected from hazards. Communities in each state in the country have been selected for special funding to promote this concept. In addition, workshops and educational materials are provided to all areas to encourage implementation of the Project Impact concept. 10 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is a Federal Program enabling property owners in participating communities to purchase insurance protection against losses from flooding. This insurance is designed to provide an insurance alternative to disaster assistance to meet the escalating costs of repairing damage to buildings and their contents caused by floods. The Federal Insurance Administration (FIA) and the Mitigation Directorate of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) administer the Program. FEMA encourages states to initiate their own programs to "Break the Cycle" of disaster and loss. Mitigation Activities: • The NFIP was established by Congress with the intent to reduce flood losses and escalating costs of disaster relief by requiring effective floodplain management and -.. prevention practices and afford protection for property owners. For a community to be eligible for participation in the NFIP, it must adopt viable floodplain management controls and construction practices. If a community does not maintain and enforce these regulations it may be removed from the program. Persons who live in non- participating communities cannot obtain flood insurance under the NFIP. • The NFIP conducts hazard identification studies and generates various maps, including the Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) that assess vulnerability to certain flood hazards, including riverine and coastal. The maps identify areas that are at risk and establish compliance requirements for these areas. These include base flood elevations and certain construction techniques that inhibit the effects of flooding. When properties comply with the NFIP requirements they are less likely to be seriously affected by flood hazards. • The NFIP provides for a Community Rating System (CRS). This is a voluntary program whereby community efforts beyond minimum NFIP standards are recognized by reducing flood insurance premiums in the community. The discounts may range from 5 to 45 percent. The program provides an incentive for new flood mitigation and preparedness activities that can help save lives and protect property in the event of a flood. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) As part of its function to gather and analyze scientific data, the USGS operates stream gages at various sites. Gages are an important element in flood warning systems, and post -flood interpretation of gage data contributes toward a better understanding of flood events. Historical data collected from the gages is used to predict flood recurrence intervals which - are important for water management decisions and planning of control systems and land use. - Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999. First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Mitieation Activities: • Using data recorded on stream gages USGS develops flood recurrence intervals at gage locations. This analysis can assist in the development of benefit- cost ratios for proposed mitigation projects. • Through the stream gage network, USGS provides continuous data to the National Weather Service River Forecast Centers for use in flood forecasting models. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) The Corps is the leading federal agency for water and flood control. During disasters the Corps often works with water management agencies such as the South Florida Water Management District and the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority to address hazards. The Corps also assists in emergency construction and stabilization projects. Mitigation Activities: The Corps has several programs, which can be used to develop short term and long range mitigation measures. • PL 84-99, Advanced Measures: assists in preventing damage to life and property prior to a flood event • PL 84-99 Rehabilitation Program, including Non -Structural Alternatives: provides funding for repair or replacement of eligible flood works suffering disaster damage. Consideration will be given to non-structural alternatives, which meet certain criteria. • Section 22 of the 1974 Water Resources Development Act: provides technical assistance in the preparation of plans for the development, utilization, and conservation of water and related land resources. • Section 205 of the 1948 Flood Control Act: provides authority for the Corps to develop and construct small flood damage reduction projects. • Section 206 of the 1960 Flood Control Act, Floodplain Management Services Program: provides flood plain information and technical assistance for prudent use of land subject to flooding from streams, lakes, and oceans. • Section 1135 of the 1986 Water Resources Development Act: provides for the modification of structures or operations of water resource projects constructed by the Corps for the purpose of improving the quality of the environment. Natural Resources Conservation Service (MRCS) The Natural Resources Conservation Service provides direction for the prudent management of national natural land and water resources. 12 - Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Mitigation Activities: NRCS has several programs. which can be used to develop short term and long range mitigation measures. • Section 6 of PL-83-566, Cooperative River Basin Program: provides for appraising water and related land resources and formulating alternative plans for conservation use and development. • Emergency Watershed Protection Program: assists in relieving imminent hazards to life and property from floods and products of erosion created by natural disasters. • Section 3 of PL-83-566, Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention: provides technical assistance for planning improvements to protect, develop, and utilize land and water resources in small watersheds under 250,000 acres in size (non-structural measures are an option). • The Wetlands Resource Program: purchases conservation easements from willing sellers to restore wetland conditions. Perpetual or 30 year easements are available. U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and U.S. Park Service (USPS) The U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Park Service manage approximately manage National Forests and Parks in the country. During and after disasters these agencies coordinate evacuation, stabilization and emergency facilities repair and damage surveys and remediation recommendations and projects. National Forest personnel are committed to conducting environmental assessments and designing and developing contract specifications for planned remediation work. Coordination has been established with the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to identify damage eligible for emergency relief funds. Mitigation Activities: The USFS has several programs, which can be used to develop short term and long range mitigation measures. • Issuance and re -issuance of permits for various uses on National Forest and Park Service lands will continue to take into consideration linkages to and mitigation of factors such as runoff acceleration and/or maintenance of stable watersheds and stream systems and coastal and environmental factors, • The Forest Service may consider various options for restoration: These include, a) obliterate (remove) existing structures/facilities; b) relocate structures/facilities away from hazard -prone areas; and c) improve existing structures/facilities with regard to stability and runoff resiliency. 13 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, first and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. With regard to flooding events the Forest Service may consider the following actions: a) design future structures/facilities to withstand larger runoff events; and b) locate structures/facilities wad from flood prone areas to the fullest extent possible. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFW) The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service oversees federal management and protection of animal and marine life. USFW has several programs, which can be used to develop short term and long range mitigation measures. The USFW monitors the effect on the habitats of fish and animals in the disaster area. Pursuant to their responsibilities under the Endangered Species Act, staff of USFW work x ith local authorities and the Corps of Engineers to develop ways to mitigate the impact of disaster hazards. Mitigation Activities: The USFW has several programs that can be used to develop short term and long range mitigation measures. • North American Wetlands Conservation Fund: provides funding to stimulate public - private partnerships to protect, restore, and manage a diversity of wetland habitat for migratory birds and other wildlife. • Partners for Wildlife: provides financial assistance to private landowners interested in restoring wetlands and riparian habitats on their land, using a non -acquisition approach. • Supplemental appropriation under the provisions of PL-91-646: Provides funds to acquire areas which qualify as National Wildlife Refuge System lands, that were previously protected by levees or dikes, and manage the land as floodplain wildlife habitat. U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) The U.S. Department of Transportation is responsible for overseeing roadways under the federal highway system and also navigable waterways. Subsequent to disasters the USDOT works closely with State (e.g. FLDOT) and local agencies to identify roadways needing attention and priorities for repair. In some cases it may also close waterways under its jurisdiction to navigation during emergencies. Mitigation Activities: The USDOT has several programs, which can be used to develop short term and long range mitigation measures. • Under the Emergency Relief Program provisions of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (PL 102-240): USDOT provides aid to state and local 14 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. highway agencies to pay unusually heavy expenses to repair serious damage to Federal - aid highways resulting from natural disasters or catastrophic failures. • The USDOT has several other programs that are administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FLDOT). These are discussed in the state agency section of this document. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The United States Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for overseeing environmental conditions for the Federal government, including water and air quality. During disasters EPA may conduct Mission Assignments, under Emergency Support Function (ESF) 10, to address threats to the environment from hazardous materials. Such efforts may include the safe segregation and removal of hazardous materials from affected homes and businesses. EPA also conducts `wild drum hunts" to locate and safely dispose of fuel tanks and other hazardous materials containers which had been loosened and carried away by the floods. Mitigation Activities: The EPA has several programs, which can be used to develop short term and long range mitigation measures • Capitalization Grants for State Revolving Funds: provides funding in the form of loans and refinancing through states, to local governments to repair, replace or relocate waste water treatment plants damaged by floods. Funding also applies to certain nonpoint source activities but cannot apply to public drinking water or other utilities. • Clean Water Act Section 319 Grants: funds are awarded to States to implement nonpoint source programs pursuant to Section 319 (h) of the Clean Water Act. Moneys may be used for watershed resource restoration activities, which include wetlands and other aquatic habitat. Only certain projects are eligible. They must meet required State guidelines. For example, relocation of structures would not be fundable, wetland restoration would be. Wetlands Protection State Development Grants: Provides grants with 25% applicant match to support development and enhancement of State and Tribal wetland protection programs. Funds may be used for identification, but not purchase of, flood easements and cannot be used for relocation of farm or urban structures or for construction activities. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) The United States Department of Agriculture is responsible for overseeing food production in the country. This includes crop raising, animal husbandry, and inspection. USDA programs assist farming and rural areas by providing financial aid and technical assistance. 15 Monroe Count- Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Mitigation Activities: The USDA has several programs, which can be used to develop short term and long range mitigation measures. • Crop Insurance and Non -Insured Disaster Assistance Program for Crop Loss: The 1997 Emergency Conservation Program (ECP) will restore agricultural land damage, fences, and irrigation structures. - • Section 502 Direct Rural Housing Loan Program: provides funding in the form of loans to very low -low income rural households in eligible rural communities of less than 20,000 population, to afford them decent, safe, and sanitan- dwellings if no other credit source is available to them. May apply to disaster victims. • Section 502 Guaranteed Rural Housing Loan Program: provides loans to low -moderate income households living in eligible rural communities of less than 20,000 population. Program allows them to obtain adequate but modest. decent, safe, and sanitary dwellings by guaranteeing Rural Housing loans which otherwise would not be made without guarantees. May apply to disaster victims. • Insured 504 Grants: provides a maximum grant of $5,000 to assist elderly very low income owner -occupants who are not eligible for Section 502 or 504 loans to repair their homes to a safe and sanitary condition and/or remove health hazards. May apply to disaster victims. • Insured 504 Loans: provides low interest loans to assist rural residents living in eligible communities of less than 20,000 population that own and occupy their homes to repair them and improve health and sanitary conditions. 'play apply to disaster victims. • Section 515 Multi -Family Housing: Makes loan fimds available to qualified applicants to construct apartments for housing very low, low, and modest income people. May apply to disaster victims. U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) The U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs administers programs to assist tribal groups including Tribal operations, road construction and maintenance, natural resource management, forestry, realty (Land and Titles Record Office) housing, and economic development. Tribal governments affected by disasters may go through the State to request assistance, or may opt to apply directly to FEMA and BIA for assistance to repair damages on tribal lands and rancherias Mitigation Activities: • Following a disaster, Tribal organizations may work with BIA and FEMA to identify mitigation projects. 16 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) The U.S. Small Business Administration provides the primary form of Federal assistance for disaster damage to non -farm private property for homeowners, renters, and businesses of all sizes. Mitigation Activities: SBA's disaster loan program can be used to develop short term and long range mitigation measures. • Disaster loans from the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) are the primary form of Federal assistance for non -farm, private sector disaster losses. The disaster loan program is the only form of SBA assistance not limited to small businesses. These loans help homeowners, renters, businesses of all sizes, and non-profit organizations fund rebuilding after a disaster. SBA's disaster loans are a critical source of economic stimulation in disaster ravaged communities, helping to spur employment and stabilize tax bases • SBA offers two types of disaster loans, physical disaster loans and economic injury loans. Physical disaster loans are a primary source of funding for permanent rebuilding and replacement of uninsured disaster damages to privately owned real and/or personal property. Physical disaster loans can include mitigation funding. Economic injury disaster loans (EIDLs) provide necessary working capital until normal operations resume after a physical disaster. EIDLs are available to small businesses only and do not provide for mitigation funding. • By law, neither governmental units nor agricultural enterprises are eligible for SBA disaster loans. • SBA requires flood insurance as a matter of law in accordance with the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 (as amended). The Act requires that, as a condition of any Federal assistance secured by improved real estate (or a manufactured home) located in a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA), the building and any personal property securing such loan must be covered by flood insurance before any loan disbursement. Additionally, qny loan where proceeds are to be used for construction purposes in a SFHA is subject to this requirement. • SBA also requires flood insurance as a matter of policy for secured loans. If flood insurance is not required by the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 (as amended), SBA will require flood insurance on the flood damaged real and/or personal property. when the flooding was caused by rising water; the flooding caused damage to insurable real and/or personal property; and the borrower owns the real property that has been damaged or is legally responsible for making repairs to damaged real property. 17 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (I -IUD) The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development administers programs to benefit low and moderate -income persons, elimination of slums and blight, and/or to meet urgent community development needs. The largest funding program to address these areas is the _ Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program- HUD also administers owner and renter occupied housing assistance Mitigation Activities: HUD has several programs that can be used to develop short term and long range mitigation measures. • Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program Entitlement: under certain procedures CDBG funds can be used as the non-federal match for disaster assistance programs, including the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) previously discussed in EIS-2. Funds can be used for such mitigation actiNities as relocation, - floodproofing, and elevating. • CDBG Program - Supplemental Disaster Relief Funds: in addition to the CDBG Entitlement Program, I -IUD can request CDBG Program Supplemental Disaster Relief Funds for the declared disaster area. Pursuant to various requirements funds can be used for mitigation projects. • HOME: The HOME Program provides formula grants to states and larger cities and urban counties for permanent housing for low income persons. Funds can be used for acquisition; new construction, rehabilitation and tenant based rental assistance. Although funds from this program cannot be used as non-federal match, renters and homeowners in disaster areas may qualify for the HOME Program. Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program: provides loan guarantees to Public Entities for community and economic development. Loans can be used to finance acquisition and relocation of property, homes, and businesses; rehabilitation. renovation, and reconstruction of public utilities (e.g. water and sewer); housing rehabilitation, including elevating of properties; and economic development. Moneys cannot be used as non- federal match. • 203 K Loan Program: provides low interest loans and refinancing for repair of disaster damage and mitigation components such as elevating to Base Flood Level as indicated on FIRM maps. • 203 H Loan Program: provides 100% financing for buildings totally or substantially damaged in a disaster. Loans cannot be used to restore properties to pre -flood condition if buildings are located in flood hazard areas. The program requires mitigation measures such as elevating and initial purchase of flood insurance as conditions of the loan. 18 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and working Group Member comments. American Red Cross and VOAD (other voluntary agencies) The American Red Cross and the umbrella agency VOAD (voluntary agencies), which represents many organizations, respond to disasters, and provide front line defense when dealing with emergencies. Information from voluntary organizations is extremely important as they work closely with disaster victims and can relate their problems and concerns. Mitigation Activities: • In addition to providing shelter, food and clothing, voluntary organizations assist in many areas. These include: rebuilding damaged homes and businesses, physical and mental health services, child care, spiritual counseling, legal services, transportation, temporary housing, employment counseling, etc. 19 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA ar,,i Working Group Member comments. National Weather Service (NWS) Since most disasters are weather related, the role of the National Weather Service is extremely important. Meteorological services provided by NWS include research. technical studies. computer modeling, forecasting and prediction, and warning. Since 1995 the NWS modernization program has improved technology in the Weather Service Offices through updated radar, satellites, and numerical prediction models weather information to local communities. Two agencies within the NWS that are very important when dealing with hazards such as tropical cyclones and tornadoes are the National Hurricane Center (NHC) located in Miami, FL and the Severe Storms Prediction Center (SSPC) in Norman. Oklahoma. Mitigation Activities: • Although NWS is not assigned formal responsibilities and is given no additional funds or resources for programs directed at mitigation, internal review efforts are ongoing to improve the quality and timeliness of public products provided by NWS. In addition the NHC provides training programs such as those dealing with hurricanes and other tropical weather. The NHC and SSPC provide written information about weather hazards to the public. They also conduct tours of their facilities and assist in internship programs. • Two National Weather Service Offices, NWS Miami and NWS Key West serve the Keys. These offices generate valuable hurricane and storm related products, provide early warning, and recommendations for protective actions during emergencies. They also collect valuable data and perform analyses which may be used to develop mitigation strategies for future events. United States Coast Guard (USCG) The Coast Guard is responsible for overseeing the safety of the territorial waters of the United States. Mitigation Activities • The Coast Guard provides public information about safe boating and measures to be taken to protect marine interests against hazards such as storms and waterspouts. • Following disasters involving navigable waterways, the Coast Guard performs a naNigational aid replacement mission. A summary listing of federal agencies' disaster assistance and mitigation programs is provided in Attachment C. 20 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. State of Florida Agencies Florida Legislature The State of Florida is governed by the Florida Legislature, which performs the legislative functions of state government. The Legislature is responsible for safeguarding the life and property of the population of the State. It also provides effective governmental control and _ coordination of emergency operations. For the purpose of effectively carrying out its emergency responsibilities the Legislature may delegate powers to the Governor. Mitigation Activities • In the past few years the Legislature has passed several bills that advance the State's emergency management program. These include a comprehensive emergency management Bill 9911 and legislation that created the Emergency Preparedness and Assistance Trust Fund. The legislature also created the Hurricane Andrew Recovery and Rebuilding Trust Fund. Office•ofthe Governor The Office of the Governor has executive responsibility for the conduct of all government activities related to the State of Florida. During emergencies the Governor may declare a state of emergency to mobilize state resources for local assistance. The Governor also makes the official request for a Presidential Disaster Declaration for federal emergency assistance. Other activities include issuing emergency orders and recommendations and setting policy. The Governor coordinates with the Florida Department of Community Affairs, Division of Emergency Management on emergency related issues. Mitigation Activities • Oversees actions relating to local requests for disaster assistance. • Formulates requests for federal disaster declarations and assistance programs, including hazard mitigation. Florida Department of Community Affairs (DCA) The overall mission of the Florida Department of Community Affairs is to "help Floridians create safe, vibrant, sustainable communities". The DCA is responsible for many aspects of community life including planning, enforcement, neighborhood revitalization, affordable housing, protection of the environment, and disaster response. Within DCA, the Division of Emergency Management (DEM) is responsible for coordination of emergency management functions in the state, including warning, communications, preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. 21 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Mitigation Activities • DEM prepares and implements the statewide Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, conducts training programs for state, local, and volunteer personnel, and conducts exercises to ensure readiness for a disaster. • DEM is the state's liaison with federal and local agencies for emergency preparedness and response, disaster recovery, and hazard mitigation programs. - • The Florida Division of Emergency Management (DEM) has direct responsibility for implementation of mitigation -related programs of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. These include the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), the Flood - Mitigation Assistance Program, and the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP). • The Bureau of Recovery and Mitigation, within DEM, implements the federal disaster recovery programs that are implemented following a Presidential Disaster Declaration, including the Individual Assistance Program. This program provides emergency assistance to individuals, families, and businesses. Assistance items include food related, housing and property loss, employment, and human services. • The Bureau of Mitigation also staffs the Mitigation Program Section that is responsible for coordinating floodplain management, hazard mitigation, NFIP Community Rating System, and flood mitigation activities. • The Bureau administers the Hurricane Andrew Recovery and Rebuilding Trust Fund, established by the legislature, which provides for continued, long-term recovery efforts to South Florida. • The Division of Housing and Community Development and the Division of Resource Planning and Management oversee the state's functions in land use planning, including hazard mitigation and post -disaster redevelopment. • The Florida Building Code Commission, supported by the Division of Housing and Community Development, conducts efforts for development of a Uniform Florida Building Code, and Review of State Codes and Standards, particularly post -disaster and related programs. • The Office of the Secretary serves as coordinator of the activities of the divisions. Efforts of the Office of the Secretary include Environmental Land Management Study Commission; Governor's Affordable Housing Study Commission, and the Governor's Hurricane Response and Review Committee. • The Florida Coastal Management Program encourages the preservation and prudent development of valuable coastal resources. This effort can make a great contribution to hazard mitigation. • The Office of Policy and Planning maintains a large state-wide data base that has the capacity to model disaster elements such as hurricane paths, damage, inland wind fields, etc. • The DCA, DEM Bureau of Community Development administers the Coastal Construction Building Code Program, an effort designed to further hazard mitigation in coastal areas by establishing standards for resistance to hurricane conditions. 22 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999. First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. • The Division of Resource Planning and Management, particularly the Bureau of Local Planning, administers the Department's duties to manage land planning in the state. As such, the Division's programs greatly contribute to mitigation efforts. The Bureau of State Planning monitors local comprehensi% e plans and amendments, including mitigation items. • The DCA, Division of Housing and Community Development, prepared and administers the "Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) Program and Guidebook for Florida Cities and Counties". • DCA provides administration of grant programs that promote mitigation and preparedness, including the Emergency Management, Preparedness, and Assistance Trust Fund. Emergency assistance can be prodded through such programs as the Hurricane Andrew Trust Fund. Other programs that can offer assistance for housing needs are available through the DCA. The f6floWimefist includes various programs: • Emergency Management Preparedness and Assistance Trust Fund — provides state financial support for local governments to establish and maintain emergency preparedness capabilities. The Trust Fund also includes the Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program that provides competitive grants for emergency management efforts. • Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) — administered through the Bureau of Community Development provides funds for Housing, Neighborhood Revitalization, Commercial Revitalization, and Economic Development. Funding from this program may be used to support disaster related programs such as development of local mitigation strategies in areas affected by Hurricane Opal. A significant aspect of the CDBG Program is that it may be used toward local match for the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. • Low-income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) — administered through the Bureau of Communty Assistance, the program provides grants to various entities to improve energy efficiency in low-income housing. • Low-income Emergency Home Repair Program (LEHEAP)- provides assistance to low-income persons for with emergency home repairs. • Florida Communities Trust, assists local governments in bringing their comprehensive plans into compliance and to implement goals, objective and policies for conservation, recreation and open space, and coastal management elements. Land acquisitions assistance is offered through the Trusts "Preservation 2000" Programs the implementation of the "Areas of Critical State Concern" program. Grants, loans, and matching grants may be provided from the Preservation 2000 bond program • DEM provides administration of the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Program (CEMP), including preparation of the State Plan and review and supervision of local plans. 23 %lonroe County Local Mitigation Strateuy, 1998-' U99, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. • DEM conducts disaster response and assessment. Provision and management of state resources under State Response Plan, including Emergency Support Functions (ESFs). • As a condition for receiving Federal disaster assistance, Section 409 of the Stafford Act P.L. 92-238 as amended requires the State of Florida to develop or update the State Hazard Mitigation Plan. This must be done in response to each disaster. The State plan must also incorporate Mitigation PlarE, (409 Addenda) from the declared counties. This process is the responsibility of the DiNLion of Emergency Management. • The Florida Housing Finance Corporation is a separate agency affiliation within DCA. It provides numerous program, including grants, and loans to stimulate investment of private capital in construction of lo%v and moderate -income housing to increase the affordable housing stock in the state. Florida Department of Transportation (FLDOT) The Florida Department of Transportation is responsible for overseeing roadways under the state highway system. It also has responsibilities related to toll roads and navigable waterways. Subsequent to disasters the FLDOT works closely with the USDOT and local agencies to identify roadways needing attention and priorities for repair. During emergencies it may close waterways, control drawbridge locations and toll roads under its jurisdiction. The FLDOT has many programs, responsibilities, and agencies that relate to hazard mitigation. Mitigation Activities • The FLDOT incorporates mitigation measures in its overall transportation improvement planning, including the Florida Transportation Plan. These may include changing the grade and configuration of roadways to prevent flooding. Hazard mitigation provisions are an important part of the overall planning conducted by the Department. • The FLDOT Safety Construction Program provides guidance for eliminating roadway hazards. Mitigation measures are considered in restoration of roadways and other transportation facilities damaged in disasters and include such elements as signs, signals, and warning devices. • FLDOT also assists by administering programs that install signs to warn against and help mitigate certain hazards. These include hurricane evacuation route signs and signs that indicate areas with flooding potential. dangerous intersections, etc. • The FLDOT conducts studies throughout the state dealing with improving existing evacuation routes and identifying improvements to the statewide evacuation system. It also participates in studies such as the Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study. FLDOT analyses various hazards related to transportation systems and recommends methods for improvement. 24 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. • FLDOT participates in post -disaster clean up and repair for harbors and navigational channels. • FLDOT administers several grant programs that could affect mitigation. These include: • Federal Highway Administration Grants — Moneys from this program may be used to aid in the cost of maintaining traffic flow and re -building flood -damaged highway facilities on the federal aid system when such work is beyond the capacity f the highway owner. • Section "402" Highway Safety Grant Program — Provides federal funds to be used as "seed" money to assist in initiating new state and local traffic safety programs involving engineering, enforcement, education, and, emergency medical services. 40% of the funds must be spent by local agencies. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, (DEP) The FL Department of Environmental Protection is responsible for maintaining and protecting the many natural resources of the state including flora and fauna, beaches, waterways, and geological formations. It administers and monitors environmental regulations and requirements legislated in the State of Florida. The DEP Bureau of Emergency Response has maintains full-time staff in the Keys. The DEP Office is located in Marathon. The Mission of the Bureau of Emergency Response is to respond to any incident or situation that represents an imminent hazard, or threat of a hazard, to the public health, welfare, and safety, or the environment. In addition, it protects the public safety and environment through planning and organization of resources. Mitigation Activities There are several agencies within DEP that administer programs related to emergency activities and protection and mitigation. They are: • A representative from the Marathon Office of the Bureau of Emergency Response is a member of the Working Group and participates in the development of the County's Local Mitigation Strategy. • The Environmental Regulation Commission establishes environmental standards for the state. • The Marine Fisheries Commission promulgates rules relating to marine life, with the exception of endangered species. • The Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems administers programs to protect the state's sandy beaches and dune system. It publishes the Post Storm Report series. • The Division of Law Enforcement within the DEP conducts programs in maritime law enforcement, boating safety, coastal protection, etc. • The Division of Marine Resources manages agencies and policies for the protection of marine species. 25 Monroe Countv Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. • The Dl'%Ision of Recreation and Parks operates over 100 state parks and provides for their emergency management needs such as fire suppression, mitigation planning and post -disaster reconstruction. • The Division of Resource Management administers resource -oriented and regulatory programs. The Division provides for the state's professional corps of geologists and other environmental technical experts. • The Division of State Lands manages one of the largest and most extensive land acquisition programs in the country and oversees 11 million acres of state lands, including submerged lands. It oversees exchanges and acquisitions of state- owned land. • The Division of Waste Management implements state and federal laws relating to solid and hazardous waste management, including storage tanks. • The Division of Water Facilities administers programs that relate to safe water supplies and oversees construction and operation of drinking water and wastewater facilities. • Division of Water Management implements state programs for the protection of wetland resources and surface waters, and provides services in storm water management • DEP oversees programs that protect native vegetation and contribute to preserving the natural land and marine environment and, as such contribute to hazard mitigation. • DEP oversees enforcement of environmental protection requirements and compliance with environmental laws during and after emergencies. • DEP participates in environmental assessments of storm -related damage to natural eco-systems and develops post -disaster recovery recommendations. DEP assists in identifying natural areas to be protected from emergency uses and other areas for such operations as burn sites and staging areas. Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission (FGFFQ The Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission oversees state protection of animal and freshwater marine life. The Commission monitors the effect of disasters on the habitats of fish and animals in affected areas. Mitigation Activities: • The Commission may participate in studies of short-term and long-term effects of various disasters, such as storms and wildfires on indigenous species. It may recommend protective measures, which can serve to mitigate the affects of hazards on animals and marine life. 26 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Florida Marine Patrol The FL Marine Patrol is responsible for overseeing the safety of the territorial waters of the State of Florida and enforcing regulations dealing with such issues as unsafe boating practices, infractions on limits of fishing catches, and out -of -season fishing and trapping. Mitigation Activities • The Marine Patrol provides public information about safe boating and Florida laws governing fishing licensing catch limits and seasons, and boating requirements. • During and after emergencies the Marine Patrol may assist in evacuating affected waters and with problems relating to marinas. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services has several programs with direct relevance for mitigation of hazards such as wildfires, freezes, exotic pests, and agricultural diseases. The Divisions of Forestry and Plant Industry conducts the programs. Mitigation Activities • The Division of Forestry has responsibility for protecting forestlands and the public from the effects of wildfires, reforestation, marketing of timber and other forest products, and promoting sound management practices relating to the state's forests. Wild Land fire management throughout the state is a very critical hazard mitigation item. performed by the Division. • The Division provides information in the management and procedure for dealing with wild land fires. • Forestry establishes procedures that endeavor to ensure response to fires is handled in an environmentally sensitive manner. • Forestry develops and conducts public awareness and education campaigns on wildfires and their threat to natural areas and nearby communities, including actions to reduce wildfire risks such as prescribed burning. • Forestry assists in post -disaster efforts by identifying hazards that could increase fire hazards and assisting with safe methods to deal with debris. • Forestry encourages measures that address vegetative setbacks and the use of non - vegetation adjacent to structures. • The Division of Plant Industry safeguards the vast plant industries and native plant life in the state by controlling pests and diseases; and addresses the effects of freezes and excessive salt water on vegetation. 27 Monroe Count} Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Florida Department of Insurance and Treasurer The Florida Department of Insurance and Treasurer directs and regulates the operation of the insurance industry in the State of Florida. The Department develops policies to promote the ability of state residents to obtain necessary insurance. Mitigation Activities • After Hurricane Andrew developed methods to maintain adequate and affordable coverage for hazard -related insurance. • Investigates and addresses unfair and inappropriate actions within the insurance industry. • Established state wind damage insurance pool to ensure coverage for areas at high wind risk such as the Florida Keys. • Works with the Federal Insurance Agency (FIA) and the Department of Community Affairs (DCA) on matters concerning the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in Florida. Florida Department of Professional Regulation The Florida Department of Professional Regulation regulates various professional and industrial organizations in the state. This includes construction -licensing requirements such as certificates of competency. Mitigation Activities • Enforcement of inspection requirements and increased accountability. Coordinates disciplinary actions for code violations among state and local governments. Sets licensing requirements for structural engineers. Funding for such measures may be provided through the agency's general operating budget in addition to local building and impact fees. • Consider mitigation aspects when developing regulatory requirements, especially in the construction trades. • Promote dissemination of information about natural hazards through distribution by such agencies and real estate agents and lending institutions. Florida Department of Children and Families The Florida Department of Children and Families administers various health and social programs within the state. The programs include adult services aimed at the elderly and persons with disabilities, alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health, children and family services, economic services, public health, and children's medical services. Although all 28 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strate_•. 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member co=-.ents. these programs may contribute services after a disaster; the Public Health program has an ongoing role in emergency and rnh-Pation efforts. The Florida Public Health AgencN functions as the primary public health unit for the state. Some responsibilities of Public Health include regulation of biomedical waste, radiological incidents, childcare facilities sanitation inspection, septic tank permitting, regulation of toxic and hazardous materials, and permitting of mobile home and RV parks. Public Health Units located throughout the state oversee health issues such as rabies and infectious disease control, family planning and health services. Mitieation Activities • Public Health may provide staff to assist in shelters • Subsequent to a disaster Publk Health is responsible for disease and vector control and may administer necessary inoculations and emergency -related medications. • During a disaster the State Public Health Agency, within the Department of Children and Families, may coordinate with local health units and the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, GA. 29 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Regional Agencies South Florida Regional Planning Council (SFRPC) The South Florida Regional Planning (SFRPC) is an agency that plans for and coordinates activities of the South Florida Region. The Region consists of Broward, Dade, and Monroe Counties. State legislation passed in 1993 recognized that the Regional Planning Council (RPC) is Florida's only multi -purpose regional entity that is in a position to plan for and coordinate intergovernmental solutions to growth -related problems on greater -than -local issues. The legislation requires each RPC to develop a Strategic Policy Plan (SRPP) to replace the current Comprehensive Regional Policy Plan. Emergency Preparedness is one of the six strategic subject areas addressed in the SRPP. The section of the Plan dealing with emergency preparedness strategic goals and policies contains many provisions relating to hazard mitigation. In addition, the other strategic areas discussed in the SRPP, land use and public facilities, natural resources, economic development, transportation, and emergency housing contain, may provide recommendations related to mitigation. The SRPP recognizes the critical link between land use and emergency preparedness issues. For example, management of growth in the region relates directly to emergency evacuation issues. Preservation of the environment reduces development and maintains important natural areas that may buffer the effects of storms and other hazards. Mitigation Activities • During the development process for the Strategic Regional Policy Plan, the SFRPC held workshops with regional agencies to acquire their input. An Emergency Preparedness Workshop which included discussion of mitigation issues was held and provided an opportunity to interested agencies to identify their concerns and needs relating to mitigation. • In its review of such documents as County Comprehensive Plans and Comprehensive Emergency Management Plans (CEMP), the SFRPC can use its expertise to recommend goals and policies that enhance hazard mitigation. • The SFRPC conducts other projects that directly assist in effective emergency management and hazard mitigation. One of these is the "Hurricane Survival Guide for Small Businesses, September 1995". South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) The South Florida Water Management District is responsible for overseeing the very complex system of waterways and canals that affect the water system of South Florida. They manage and control the flow of water through areas that may influence flooding and drought situations. The SFWMD operates under the jurisdiction of the FL Department of Environmental Protection. The keys portion of Monroe County does not use a system of 30 Monroe County Local Mitigation Stratem. 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. drainage canals under the supervision of the Water Management District, as do other counties. However. portions of Nlainland Monroe County- that are located in Everglades National Park and Big Cypress Basin are under their management control. In addition, sections of the Comprehensive Plans of the County and Municipalities reference coordination with the South Florida Water Management District. Related areas include development of Storm Water Management Master Plans and policies to improve storm water management techniques and participation in the Surface Water Improvement Management (SWIM) Program. Miti.gation Activities • The SWFMD analyses and recommends water control measures to mitigate hazards such as floods and droughts. • Implementation of storm water management measures advocated by the SFWMD, such as discouraging the use of impervious surfacing and filling and retention of natural drainage patterns and open space could help decrease property damage from a major storm event. • Through the planning and use of various water control techniques, the SF`WMD can work to mitigate certain hazards such as those related to flooding and the mixing of fresh and salt water. Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA) The Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority is an independent agency constituted by the State of Florida. Its primary purpose and function is to obtain, supply, and distribute an adequate water supply to the Florida Keys. FKAA manages the infrastructure used to supply water to the Keys and provides service to the consumer, sets rates, and conducts billing. Mitigation Activities • The FKAA is responsible for maintaining the supply water pipeline that originates in Florida City, Florida. It examines ways to protect the supply system from hazards and minimize the opportunities for disruption. After Hurricane Andrew in 1992, power failures in Homestead suspended the pumping of water into the system and prevented the flow of water to the Keys. FKAA works on finding ways to deal with such disruption. including identification of alternative sources when water cannot be supplied through the pipeline. • During emergencies, the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA) is one of the primary agencies responsible for ESF f 12 — Energy. As such, the Authority participates in developing policies and procedures for responding to and recovering from shortages and disruptions in the supply and delivery of electricity, potable water, and other forms of energy and fuels which affect or threaten to affect significant numbers of citizens and visitors. 31 - Monroe County Locai Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. County A encies Monroe County Overall County Mitigation Efforts There are several departments within Monroe County, which conduct hazard mitigation activities. Mitigation Activities • Some of the county implemented programs include the State DEM initiated Shelter Retrofit Program and shutter/building code requirements for new public and private - dwellings within the county. • The county will seek guidance through the State DEM on identified mitigation issues, which exceed the county capabilities. • Monroe County participates fully in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). • Monroe County and all of its Municipalities are participating members of the State Mutual Aid Pact. The Monroe County Office of Emergency Management maintains lists of participants. • The DOT US #1 South Project the County's primary highway mitigation project. • Monroe County is currently "contracting" with the State of Florida for the development and pre -identification and prioritization of Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Projects to become a part of the Statewide Hazard Mitigation Strategy. The MCEM acts as a facilitator with each municipality in this plant development. • Monroe County is identified as the most vulnerable area in the United States to the effects of the tropical cyclone. Each municipality has identified those areas repeatedly affected by severe weather events, and through scrutiny of building code deficiencies, sought to eliminate these vulnerabilities. • Hazard mitigation funds will be used in accordance with the Monroe County master plan and the priorities established there in. Both 404 and 406 Hazard Mitigation funds are project specific and require conformance with established procedures in order to maintain cost/benefit ratio standards. The Monroe County Growth Management Department will carefully review each Hazard Mitigation proposal. • Monroe County post -disaster development plans will fall within the guidelines of the existing and pro -active code requirements. Among these requirements are mitigation directed hurricane shutter requirements, special structure requirements and a design wind speed criteria. See: MC Ordinance 004-1990; MC Resolution 236-1994; MC Resolution 121-1995 and Florida Coastal Barrier (FS 161.55). • Monroe County has organized, developed and formalized a "Working Group" in order to gain maximum public input regarding mitigation issues and efforts. This group is comprised of a diverse cross section of the community (property owners, businesses, 32 Monroe County Local Mitigation StratM, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. government representatives, etc.) in order to gain the fullest public support and contribution. • To provide information for seasonal visitors, brochures are distributed to hotels, motels, inns, etc. (with the establishment's management approval only). Additionally. public information is transmitted via local radio and television stations: • Cable Television Stations: Channels 5, 16 and 52 • Radio Stations throughout the county (Information for this section was obtained primarily from the Draft Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, CEMP). Board of County Commissioners (BOCC) Monroe County is governed by the Board of County Commissioners (BOCC), which performs the legislative and executive functions of the county government. A County Mayor is selected among the members of the Commission. Pursuant to Florida Statute 252, the Board of County Commissioners is responsible for safeguarding the life and property of the population of Monroe County, and to provide effective governmental control and coordination of emergency operations. For the purpose of effectively carrying out these emergency responsibilities the BOCC has delegated these powers to the County Administrator. Under Monroe County Ordinance No. 028-1987, relating to Delegation of Authority/Emergency Actions, the Mayor, Mayor Pro -Temp, or his/her designee may declare a state of Local Emergency. Pursuant to this, the Emergency Management Director, or his/her designee, is directed to implement emergency procedures and actions necessary to protect the health, safety and welfare of the community. Emergency responsibilities of the Mayor, Mayor Pro Temp and Commissioners include the following: • declaration of a state of Local Emergency, • issuing emergency orders and recommendations, • setting policy, providing guidance to the Incident Commander, and • authorizing the issuance of protective action recommendations Mitigation Activities • Florida Statutes 252, holds the Board of County Commissioners (BOCC) responsible for safeguarding the life and property of the population of Monroe County, and to provide effective governmental control and coordination of emergency operations. The Board of Commissioners may delegate these powers to the County Administrator. The BOCC is responsible for reviewing and officially adopting the County's Local Mitigation Strategy. • In the event of a major or catastrophic emergency event, the Mayor may declare a local state of emergency. The declaration will immediately activate all portions of the CEMP. In the Mayor's absence, the Director of Emergency Management may activate portions of the plan. The local emergency declaration is the first step in acquiring a Presidential disaster declaration if one is warranted. As such, it could pave the way for the release of 33 Monroe Countv Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. federal hazard mitigation funding. County Administrator The County Administrator implements the policies of the Commission and administers the overall operations of the County. The Administrator serves as Director of Management Services. During emergencies the primary responsibilities of the Administrator are as follows: • to report to the Mayor/Mayor ProTemp/Sheriff/lncident Commander • ensure participation of all relevant county departments in county disaster preparedness planning and operations responsibility for disaster preparedness needs in county capital budget improvement and planning • keeping County Comnussioners and municipal officials informed of event progression - • authorizing EOC activation and implementing policy • providing guidance to the Emergency Management Director and the Incident Commander • authorizing the issuance of protective action recommendations • providing technical support for the EOC and Command Post e.g. computers, telephones, local television, etc. • providing staff support for overtime management and stress debriefing, fiscal support (i.e. emergency purchase orders. and staff support pool for message couriers, cop)ing, faxing, etc. Mitigation Activities - • During emergencies. the Administrator coordinates with the County Emergency Operations Center (EOC). County agencies, and other local governments. • The Manager may perform an analysis and provide recommendations to the County Commission for hazard mitigation options, including relocation and reconstruction of damaged public facilities. • The Administrator participates in intra and inter -governmental disaster planning efforts. • The County Administrator participates in post -disaster assessment and may develop mitigation initiatives to address reduction of future loss. • The Administrator oversees the Grants Manager in the Hazard Mitigation Grant Process and Reviews 406 hazard mitigation components of the federal Public Assistance Program. Monroe County Department of Emergency Management (MCDEM) The Department of Emergency Management functions under the jurisdiction of the Division _ of Public Safety. Chapter 252.38 of the Florida Statutes requires political subdivisions to develop emergency plans to provide for the safeguarding of He and property of its citizens. Each local emergency management agency shall have jurisdiction over and serve an entire county. Monroe County is responsible for emergency management activities within the 34 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999. First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. county. Florida Statutes 252.38, directs each county to establish an Emergency Management Agency and appoint a Director to carry out the provisions of Sections 252.31 through 252.60. The Monroe County Emergency Management Director is the designated party for the County. The Department and Director oversee the County's emergency management program. This includes the elements of preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. MCEM prepares the required documents to carry on its program including the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, Hurricane Evacuation, Shelter, and Refuge of Last Resort Plan, Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Plan, and numerous other plans and procedures. Emergency Management Operations Related Preparedness and Response Activities • The Department of Emergency Management has overall responsibility for the collection, analysis, evaluation, and dissemination of critical information regarding potential or actual disaster or emergency operations and facilitation and support of the overall activities of local entities in providing emergency assistance. • During emergencies the Department establishes operations in the Emergency Operations Center in Marathon. Monroe County utilizes the Integrated Emergency Management System in its EOC. The "Incident Management System" (IMS) is the basis for all emergency operations. It is an all risk system, which is based on applications and techniques, tested over the years in emergency situations. Coordinate the overall information and planning activities of the Emergency Operations Center and all appropriate response organizations in support of emergency operations and support. • The Director of Monroe County Emergency Management is responsible for the maintenance of the Mutual Aid program and its process. • During an emergency Monroe County Emergency Management is responsible for delivery of information to the affected population. To ensure reliability of information and effective dissemination, during all emergencies, information announcements from all agencies will be made through the Monroe County EOC. • Regulatory controls will, most likely, be necessary to protect the health and safety, and to limit activities which would otherwise be permissible (i.e., curfews, sales of particular items, control of vendors pricing of essential merchandise, etc.). Specific ordinances Rill be required to accomplish these objectives to further circumscribe and support the Governor's executive orders regarding these concerns. Monroe County Emergency Management is responsible for overseeing this process. • During emergencies, Monroe County Emergency Management provides information and planning, collects critical information appropriate and essential for briefing appropriate personnel. It also facilitates information exchange, briefings, displays and operational planning related to emergency activities. • Monroe County Emergency Management is responsible for planning for the Emergency Support Functions (ESFs), listed below and their coordination during an emergency 35 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Dr, : erables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. through the Emergency Operations Center (OES). • ESF # 1 Transportation • ESF # 2 Communications • ESF # 3 Public Works and Engineering • ESF # 4 Firefighting • ESF # 5 Information and Planning • ESF # 6 Mass Care • ESF # 7 Resource Support • ESF # 8 Health and Medical • ESF # 9 Urban Research and Rescue • ESF # 10 Hazardous Materials • ESF # 11 Food and Water • ESF # 12 Energy • ESF # 13 Military Support • ESF # 14 Public Information • ESF # 15 Volunteers and Donations • ESF # 16 Law Enforcement and Security • ESF # 17 Animal Issues • A major or catastrophic event will necessitate the utilizatkin and services of voluntary agencies and their personnel. Such an event will require the coordination of volunteers and donations with municipalities, critical facilities and other agencies. This is another responsibility of Emergency Management. Emergency Management may assign an agency to perform this function. • Emergency Management is responsible for the coordination ��f short-term recovery efforts within the county. Training, Exercise, Public Awareness and Education Mitigation Activities • Emergency Management is the primary department responsible for training and public awareness as it relates to disaster preparedness. • Throughout the year, Emergency Management personoel conduct seminars and presentations, regarding emergency preparedness. • Emergency Management conducts an annual training program for all county departments (including Volunteer Fire Departments), agencies (including the American Red Cross and Salvation Army) and personnel which includes, but is not limited to EOC operations, departmental and personnel preparedness. • Monroe County Emergency Management has established a number of public information and education programs regarding recovery efforts and available assistance. -- • Brochures, such as, Mobile Home, Travel Trailer and RV Hurricane Procedures and local 36 Monroe County Loca( Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. shelters information_ along with the Monroe County Hurricane Preparedness Brochure, are distributed to the public in various locations (i.e. U.S. Post Office, Court Houses, Hospitals, Libraries, Financial Institutions etc.). • Monroe County has limited Haz-Mat training program offerings. However, all hazards training reflects an approach to educating personnel in a format that applies the information on all types of potential hazards to aspects of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. • Monroe County Emergency Management facilitates training through DEM, LEPC or contracts for other various training. • Emergency Management personnel, as part of their professional development, are encouraged to attend State/FEMA courses applicable to Emergency Response. - • Local personnel are trained through programs of relief organizations (ARC, Salvation Army or HAM Radio). • Monroe County conducts annual drills and exercises in, but not limited to, hurricane response, nuclear power plant response, airport disaster response, mass migration, cruise ships emergencies, and oil spill response. These exercises are usually scheduled in conjunction with the State Division of Emergency Management, and other various County; state, and federal agencies. • All agencies that would be responding in an actual event participate in annual exercises and drills. Drills and exercises test emergency systems such as the Emergency Alert System, HURREVAC, HURRITRAC, ESATCOM, Inland WindStorm Tracking/Damage Assessment Systems as well as SLOSH Modeling software. (The Communications Department conducts quarterly communication drills to test all applicable systems). • All exercises and drills will be evaluated utilizing criteria set forth by the State Division of Emergency Management. Related Preparedness and Response Activities • The Emergency Management Department has the primary responsibility for providing appropriate training and/or coordinating with various departments in provision of applicable training sessions to personnel that have an assigned response function within the EOC. • In the event of emergencies, the Emergency Management Department works closely with other local agencies to keep the public informed of the status of emergency recovery efforts, relays emergency instructions and advises the public of the availability of services and other types of assistance. 37 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Monroe County Growth Management Division The Growth Management Division recommends and implements policies provided in the -- County's Comprehensive Plan and Land Development Regulations. The Building, Planning, and Zoning Department is under the Division's jurisdiction. Planning staff assists in the development of the County's Comprehensive Plan. Building staff reviews construction plans, issues permits, and inspects projects for approval. The Building, Planning, and Zoning Department is responsible for enforcing zoning and building standards, which may include mitigation measures. When conducting these activities the Department staff implements - mitigation policies reflected in the Building Code and Land Development Regulations. During an emergency, the Growth Management DiNision carries out the following specific duties: • recovery • re -development Monroe County Mitigation Activities • The Growth Management Division (the Building Department) is a primary agency in executing mitigation activities. • When conducting its operations the Building and Zoning Department implements mitigation measures reflected in the Comprehensive Plan, Building Code, and Land Development Regulations. • Supervision of floodplain management controls and zoning regulations designed to - minimize damage to structures from wind and waves resulting from storms. • The Division administers the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) for the County. • Mitigation activities in post -disaster situations will be handled through the Growth Management. Division and the Department of Emergency Management. • Hazard mitigation funds will be used in accordance with the Monroe County master plans and priorities established there in. Both 404 and 406 Hazard Mitigation funds are project specific and require conformance with established procedures in order to maintain cosVbenefit ratio standards. The Monroe County Growth Management Department will carefully review each Hazard Mitigation proposal. • Collection of information for preparation of Damage Survey Reports is a joint effort of MC Emergency Management and MC Growth Management. • Planning Department policies ensure that mitigation related items in the Comprehensive Plan, such as floodplain and natural resource management, are followed and reflected in the County's Codes and Standards. • Planning personnel participates in post -disaster appraisals and may formulate additional mitigation measures for use in the Comprehensive Plan. Personnel work closely with building and zoning staff to ensure coordination of actions related to disaster planning, - recovery, and mitigation. 38 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999. First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. • Mitigation recommendations, especially those based on direct disaster experience will be included in the Evaluation and Appraisal Reports (EAR) required for the Comprehensive Plan. Monroe County Environmental Resources Monroe County Environmental Resources also functions under the Growth Management Division. It monitors environmental provisions in Regulations, Codes, and Plans. It also coordinates with DEP and other agencies as needed. During emergencies Environmental Resources assists in the following areas: • resource support • heavy equipment • The Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) along with the Florida Fire Chief's Association has developed a detailed Environmental Response Plan (ERP), to provide a framework for responding to the full range of potential hazardous material and other emergencies. The Environmental Response Plan promotes coordination between Federal, State and Local governments and the private sector when responding to hazardous material incidents and other threats to the environment and the public health. The activities of ESF # 10 are more detailed in the Environmental Response Plan. Monroe County Public Works Department (MCPW) The Public Works Department is responsible for overseeing the maintenance and operation of county facilities, including roads and bridges. It also operates and maintains the County's heavy equipment, county vehicles, repair shop, and fueling stations. The Department operates from three locations, Key West, Marathon, and Plantation Key. The County's engineering operations also function under the Public Works Department. During an emergency the Public Works Department performs these specific functions: • resource support • heavy equipment • fuel supply • vehicle maintenance • facility management (i.e. shutters generators, etc.) Public Works and Engineering Mitigation Activities • Establish priorities regarding the repair and/or reconstruction of damaged transportation routes (roads, bridges, airfields, etc.). Stabilization of damaged dwellings and facilities will be established and response will be executed as specified in the Public Works Hurricane Plan, Volume I, Section 1. Public Works Hurricane Plan, Volume I, Section 4, 7n Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. references the inventory of personnel, vehicles and equipment. Related Preparedness and Response Activities • During emergencies Public Works is the primary agency responsible for carrying out ESF 93 — Public Works and Engineering. • In executing its responsibilities Public Works coordinates with the following agencies: • Department of Transportation (FDOT) • Monroe County Department of Corrections (MCDOC) • Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA) • Florida Keys Electric Cooperative (FKEC) • City Electric Incorporated • Coordination and provision of emergency public works, evaluation of infrastructure damage, coordination of emergency debris clearing and support to local municipalities. • Plan, coordinate and initiate restoration of the serviceability of transportation routes, bridges, and assurance as to the safety of all affected public and private dwellings and structures. Coordinate emergency contracting and emergency repair of drainage, and solid waste facilities. • Respond to requests for repair work, identify required support agencies, begin mobilization of resources and personnel and, prepare to activate. • Coordination of support agencies in directing and prioritizing resources, needs, and services to accomplish debris removal, access restoration, damage assessments, as well as other areas of infrastructure which may have been adversely affected. Maintain -- verbal and written communication with other primary support function leads, to ensure mutual assistance and organized working relationship. • Public Works is responsible for pre -positioning of resources, coordination with and within the EOC, and 24 hour staffing as outlined in the Public Works Hurricane Plan, Volume I. • Public works assists in the restoration of critical public services, including the supply of adequate potable water, repair of water supply systems and the provision of water for fire -fighting is the responsibility of both, Monroe County Public Works and Engineering and the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority. Damage Assessment Mitigation Activities • Monroe County Public Works Department is the primary agency responsible for the overall operation of damage assessment activities. It conducts an Initial Damage Assessment (IDA) or Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA) in the aftermath of an incident or disaster. The Public Works Department is particularly involved with identifying and reporting damage to public facilities and infrastructure and considering possible mitigation aspects. • Following a declared disaster, the Public Works Department participates in the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. preparation of Damage Survey Reports (DSRs) that provide vital information for federal assistance to public infrastructure. Transportation Related Preparedness and Response Activities • After a disaster, the number one priority of Public Works is to expedite the clearance of the Overseas Highway (US # 1) to ensure that it is passable. • During an emergency, Public Works assists FLDOT with the overall coordination of emergency transportation resources to support the needs of local governments, voluntary organizations and other emergency support functions that require emergency transportation for their emergency response and recovery efforts. These may include: • Performing necessary functions to assist with emergency evacuation and re-entry, responding to assistance requests from municipal agencies, allocating, prioritizing, and coordinating public and private transportation resources for the conveyance of public, goods, materials, and services within the affected areas via highway, rail and air systems. • Debris from construction or demolition of dwellings will be separated and disposed of properly. Public Works and Engineering is responsible for securing the necessary environmental waivers and legal clearances for debris removal and disposal. • Minor, major or catastrophic disasters may severely damage the transportation infrastructure. As a result of the disaster, significant amounts of resources will have to be transported into the affected area. Public Works may assist in this effort. • Respond to requests for local transportation assistance, identify required support agencies, and affect mobilization of resources and personnel. • Coordination of support agencies when directing transportation resources and prioritizing transportation needs and services in response and recovery efforts. Monroe County Division of Public Safety (MCPS) The Monroe County Division of Public Safety has administrative responsibility for Monroe County Fire/Rescue (MCF/R), Monroe County Emergency Medical Services (MCEMS), and the Monroe County Fire Marshall's Office (MCFMO). During an emergency these agencies are responsible for the primary efforts of firefighting, medical services, and urban search and rescue. During an emergency the Public Safety Division executes these specific functions: • Disaster and emergency response control • EOC control • Hospital Coordinator • Special Medical Needs Coordinator • Shelter Manager • Communications management and maintenance Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Monroe County Fire/Rescue The Fire Department provides the customary duties of fire control, fire prevention, and fire and hazard public education. In addition, during times of emergency, Monroe County Fire/Rescue is responsible for the administration of ESF 44 — Firefighting. To carry out this function the Department coordinates with the following agencies: Monroe County Emergency Medical Services (MCESMS) Monroe County Fire Marshall's Office (MCFMO) City of Key West Fire/Rescue Ocean Reef Public Safety (ORPS) Florida Division of Forestry (FDOF) U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Dade County Fire/Rescue (DCFR) Firefighting Mitigation Activities • Coordinate the use of State of Florida Department of Forestry (SOFDOF), US Navy, Boca Chica, Florida Marine Patrol (FMP), and other fire service resources to support emergency functions requiring fire -fighting capacity to perform emergency response, recovery and assistance missions. Related Preparedness and Response -Activities • Provide county wide support services for detection and suppression of fires and other hazardous conditions, and mobilizing and providing personnel, equipment and supplies. • Respond to requests for local fire service assistance, identify required support agencies, begin mobilization of resources and personnel, and prepare to activate. • Coordination of support agencies in directing fire service resources and provision of heavy equipment support for fire service responses. Search and Rescue Monroe County Fire Rescue is the primary agency responsible for ESF # 9 — Urban Search and Rescue (SAR). In carrying out the activities related to the function Fire Rescue coordinates Nvith the following agencies: Monroe County Fire Marshall's Office (MCFMO) United States Coast Guard (USCG) Dade County Fire/Rescue (DCFR) U.S. Navy Boca Chica City of Key West (City of K.W.) Florida Marine Patrol (FMP) Ocean Reef Public Safety (ORPS) Florida Park Service (FPS) Florida Division of Forestry (FDOF) Organized Fishermen of Florida (OFF) Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) Al Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. In the event of a major disaster, the majority of local resources will not be available due to damage or inaccessibility. This would result in significant infusion of resources into the affected areas. Many citizens may be in life -threatening situations requiring immediate rescue and medical attention. Depending upon the type and magnitude of the event, either urban or non -urban SAR, or both, may be required. Search and Rescue Mitigation Activities • Coordinate search and rescue operations and resources during emergency response and recovery. Provide support to local government agencies and describe the use of resources for urban and non -urban search and rescue efforts during actual or potential emergencies. Provide, identify, and locate current asset/resource lists within the appropriate agency response plans. Pursuant to this, identify areas that would enhance Search and Rescue operations and reduce future problems. • The non -urban responsibilities include locating missing persons, lost vessels, persons trapped in confined areas, locating downed aircraft, extrication, if necessary, and treatment of victims upon their rescue. The urban responsibilities include locating, extricating, and providing medical assistance to persons trapped in damaged/destroyed structures. Coordinate allocation of resources including personnel, materials, goods and services within the affected areas. Identify items that would help reduce operational difficulties. Related Prenarednessand Response Activities • Respond to requests for local search and rescue operations assistance and coordinate the services of other jurisdictional search and rescue operations personnel and equipment. • Coordination of support agencies in directing search and rescue operations resources requests for heavy equipment support related to search and rescue operations. Monroe County Emergency Medical Services (MCEMS) MCEMS is the primary agency for administering ESF # 8 — Health and Medical Services. A major event would rapidly affect local government's resources and abilities to provide health and medical services. Such an event would result in certain public health threats including, problems related to water, solid waste, physical and mental health effects. Medical/health facilities may be severely damaged or destroyed resulting in a medical and pharmaceutical supplies/equipment shortage. Persons who are not injured, but require daily medication, would have difficulty in obtaining necessary medication due to the damage or destruction of supply locations. In carrying out its activities EMS coordinates with the following agencies: State of Florida Department of Health (SOFDOH) AI Monroe Count}' Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Monroe County Fire/Rescue (MCF/R) Atlantic Key West Ambulance (AKWA) Ocean Reef Public Safety Florida Highway Patrol (FHP) Monroe County Social Services (MCSS) Monroe County Sheriff's Office (MCSO) Monroe County Mosquito Control (MCMC) State of Florida Department of Children and Families (SOFDCF) Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Mitigation Activities • Responsibility to review and assess health and medical needs of the county in the event of an emergency event. After the assessment, preparations will be made to obtain resources to meet those needs. A response and short-term recovery action plan will be submitted. Related Preparedness and Response Activities • Identify, manage and organize the response of required public health and medical care resources in the aftermath of a major emergency. Act as the liaison with local, state and federal agencies in coordination of emergency response and relief assistance, emergency health, and medical support. • Coordinate the overall support of medical and public health assistance, activation and deployment of health/medical personnel, supplies and equipment. Ensure that trained medical/health personnel are at each mass care location. Coordinate with the appropriate agency to assure the establishment of communications capabilities including, radios and telephones. Coordinate the evacuation of patients from the affected area when deemed necessary. • Identify and provide health and medical needs, organize appropriate medical/health care personnel, coordinate crisis counseling and advise on the status of potable water, wastewater and solid waste. Identify and coordinate health/medical equipment and supplies, and support evacuation efforts from critical health care facilities if needed. • Monitor and coordinate all health and medical activities being performed in conjunction with emergency operations. Focus primarily on public safety issues. Identify appropriate support agencies and ensure their activation. • Plan, mobilize, and manage health and medical services during emergency response and recovery phases of emergency events. Provide medical care, treatment, and support for disaster victims, response personnel, and the public. Provide for treatment, transport, and evacuation of the injured, and assist with the disposition of fatalities and basic health issues. • In the event of an emergency or disaster, EMS will coordinate with MCDOH response activities as well as continue to provide emergency medical services to the County. • Coordinate with Monroe County Mosquito Control, which will implement actions to prevent and/or control vectors such as flies, mosquitoes and rodents. Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Fire Marshall's Office The Monroe County Fire Marshall's Office (MCFMO) is the primary agency for carrying out the actives of ESF-1-Hazardous Materials. In carrying out its activities it coordinates with the following agencies: Monroe County Fire Rescue (MCFR) Monroe County Radiological Emergency Preparedness (MCREP) Ocean Reef Public Safety (ORPS) Florida Division of Forestry (FDOF) City of Key West (City of K.W.) Dade County Fire/Rescue (DCFR) U.S. Navy Boca Chica U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FL Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) Hazardous Materials Mitigation Activities • Coordinate and direct efforts to complement local emergency response actions in the aftermath of a hazardous material accident/incident. Secure the affected area and coordinate removal and disposal of materials from the disaster location. Assess response and identify measures to address problems that may have occurred. • Coordinate support agencies in directing necessary resources. Coordinate equipment support and supply information pertaining to contract vendors and other entities that would be able to supplement response resources. Review equipment needs and identify areas to address for prevention of future problems. • The Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) along with the Florida Fire Chief s Association has developed a detailed Environmental Response Plan (ERP), to provide a framework for responding to the full range of potential hazardous materials and other emergencies. • The Environmental Response Plan promotes coordination with federal, state and local governments and the private sector when responding to hazardous material incidents and other threats to the environment and the public health. Related Preparedness and Response=Activities • Coordinate effective and efficient response to discharges and releases of hazardous materials. Take necessary steps to assist with evacuation and re-entry of affected areas and request hazardous materials technical assistance. Coordinate hazardous materials team support in the detection and identification of hazardous materials and provide personnel, equipment and supplies. • Monroe County does not have Haz-Mat response teams with entry and decontamination 45 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999. First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. capabilities. All advanced Haz-Mat resources will be provided by neighboring counties, specifically Metro Dade Fire Rescue and Magnum Tank Service. • In the event of a radiological emergency at the Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant, radiological monitoring equipment is located primarily at the Key Largo Fire Station, MM 99 & MM 106. Personnel in this response area are trained in its use, based on their - proximity to the Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant. County Fire Marshall Officials transport additional monitoring equipment to other areas within the County requiring response efforts. A washdown station is capable of being set up at the Key Largo Fire Station, MM 106, Key Largo. All equipment is stored on site and personnel are trained and re -qualified annually. Monroe County Community Services Monroe County Community Services supervises the operations of several county functions, including social services, airports, extension services, code enforcement, library services, and JTPA, job training program. During an emergency, the Division is responsible for the following areas: • special needs • transportation - • sheltering • airports - Monroe County Department of Social Services The Department of Social Services provides for the general well being of persons in need in Monroe County. It administers programs dealing with food services, elderly care, emergency transportation for the elderly and persons with disabilities, and other welfare services. During emergencies its main responsibilities deal with persons with special needs and the elderly, transportation, and sheltering. Social Services Mitigation Activities Identification and registration of persons with special needs that are not included in the provision for evacuation and shelter of various hospitals, nursing homes and other facilities. A list of special populations is updated and maintained in the Monroe County Social Services Department. • Assist FLDOT with the overall coordination of emergency transportation resources to support the needs of local governments, voluntary organizations and other emergency support functions requiring emergency transportation to accomplish their emergency response and recovery efforts. Identify problem areas and suggest remedies to reduce future difficulties. • Social Services is responsible for training their personnel to operate the shelters that are 46 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy.. 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member come ents. under their management. Related Preparedness and Response Activities • Primary activities are registration, notification, transportation, and shelter support for elderly people and those with medical and special needs. During certain emergency situations Social Services' vehicles transport these people to shelters within the County and may provide shelter staff In other emergencies, Social Services uses School Board buses to transport to out -of -county shelters and provides shelter staff. To perform these operations Social Services has, a communications system and a detailed plan and procedures. • Assist in ESF 96 — Mass Care functions such as coordinating activities and resources for temporary shelters mass care. distribution of relief supplies, and disa_aer welfare information. • Assist in coordinating and monitoring mass care activities, relief operations. and aid to those in need. Assists in shehering, mass feeding and coordination of activities involved in mass care. • During an emergency, Monroe County Social Services and Emergency Medical Services are responsible of contacting those persons on the Special Needs Registry and the Special Medical Needs Registry, respectively. • Coordination of support agencies in directing transportation resources and prioritizing transportation needs and senices in response and recovery efforts. • Monroe County Social Services will provide to local Nursing Homes and Hospitals school buses as follows: • Nursing Homes: A minimum of 10 buses for all locations, with maximum of 5 buses per location (15) total, provided, that each location has on hand properly licensed drivers. That information must be on file with the MCSS. • Hospitals: A minimum of 2 buses each, with the same required information on file as listed above. • The Monroe County School Board and Monroe County Social Services maintain an inventory of vehicles available for emergency use. The agencies also maintain a contact list of designated personnel to be notified when needed. • In the aftermath of an emergency event assist in identifying, obtaining and distributing food, water, and ice to victims. • Social Services will assist in facilitating emergency food stamp distribution through the Florida Department of Children and Families. Monroe County Health Department The Monroe County Health Department is an agency of the State of Florida, which functions as the primary public health unit for the county. Responsibilities of the Health Department include investigating and addressing public health threats, dealing with reportable and non - reportable diseases and environmental issues, regulation of biomedical waste, radiological - incidents, child care facilities sanitation inspection, septic tank permitting, regulation of toxic 47 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. and hazardous materials, and permitting of mobile home and RV parks. The Health Department also has a responsibility to ensure individuals affected by certain infectious diseases are provided with the appropriate treatment. The Health Department operates from three locations in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Keys. Each office oversees health issues such as rabies and infectious disease control, and family planning and health services. Mitigation Activities - • After disasters, the Health Department conducts assessment of public health risks through the use of Disaster Community Health Assessment Teams. • Following a disaster, the Health Department maintains surveillance of infectious diseases and takes necessary actions to address problems. Pursuant to this, the Health Department may identify actions that could be taken to avoid such problems in the future. • The Health Department has regulatory authority over the installation of wastewater systems and locating and erecting fuel storage tanks. The Health Department is currently examining issues that emerged after Hurricane Georges; this includes reviewing performance of various kinds of septic and waste systems. Related PWaredriess and Response Activities • The Health Department coordinates emergency activities with Monroe County Emergency Medical Services. • The Health Department assists Emergency Management with staffing of Special Needs Shelters by recruiting volunteer shelter workers from the medical community. • Subsequent to a disaster the Health Department is responsible for disease and vector control and may administer necessary inoculations and emergency -related medications. -- • During a disaster the local public health units may coordinate with the State Public Health Agency within the Department of Children and Families and the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, GA. Monroe County Sheriff's Office (MCSO) The Sheriff's Office is responsible for overall law enforcement and protection of residents and visitors in Monroe County. The Sheriff's Office plays a key role in planning and response during emergencies. Its primary responsibilities during an emergency are evacuation, traffic control, EOC and shelter security, communications, dispatching, and public information. During an emergency the Sheriffs Office is responsible for administering ESF#16-Law Enforcement and Security. The Sheriff's Office is responsible for issuing emergency orders and recommendations, providing guidance to the Incident Commander, directing and coordinating with law enforcement officials, EOC Security, and PIO staffing. Specific emergency duties are the following: • evacuation • traffic control • EOC security 48 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. • communications • dispatching • public information Security and Control Mitigation Activities • The Sheriffs Office participates in efforts to find ways to improve evacuation and re- entry. They are currently examining problems that occurred during the Hurricane Georges evacuation and will participate in efforts to rectify these in the future. • Through the assistance of additional agencies, information and intelligence gathering from the community post impact will be established to identify ongoing issues, problems, concerns, and threats. Related Preparedness and Response Activities • In the aftermath of a major emergency, many areas will be devastated and unprotected. Many high priority emergency operations will be performed during the relief phase of emergency response. Strong control over access, ingress, and egress to the affected area will be implemented, in order to confine the security risk to the affected locations, and to minimize the impact on response operations by reducing traffic. This is a responsibility of the Sheriffs Office. • Perform necessary functions applicable to natural, manmade or technological emergencies any time local law enforcement agencies require assistance from county, state or other jurisdictions. Coordinate the activities of the local law enforcement agencies with state and federal governments and the Monroe County Emergency Operations Center (EOC). • Respond to requests for local enforcement support. Following a major or catastrophic event, assess the situation and identify resources, personnel and types of assistance - required for applicable operations. Take the necessary actions to assure support agencies activation. • Coordination of support agencies in directing law enforcement support and resources. • Coordination of other relevant agencies for traffic control (traffic signals, signs, etc.) at locations where they are needed for navigation within and around the affected areas. • The Monroe County Sheriffs Department is responsible for traffic flow in the County. Refer to Standard Operation Procedure — Monroe County Sheriffs Office, Subsection B, Part 5 IV — overall responsibilities/traffic control- • Maintain law enforcement and security in evacuated areas in the aftermath of a disaster. Assist in search and rescue operations and provide traffic control in affected areas. Provide for adequate protection prior to re -population of a community, and patrol areas to minimize criminal activities and enforce local curfews as necessary. Provide adequate escort for deliveries of supplies, equipment and VIPs into the affected areas. • In the event of an incident, emergency or disaster, the Monroe County Sheriffs Office will assign personnel to the Monroe County EOC. SO personnel will review developing 49 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. situations and prioritize and develop plans to mitigate incidents and concerns. These plans will be forwarded to the Planning and Operations Section. • The Monroe County Sheriff's Office is responsible for providing security at shelter facilities. Public Information During an emergency the Sheriff's Office will designate a Public Information Officer to implement the following duties: • reports to the Incident Commander • establishes incident information center • prepares media briefings • collects and assembles incident information • acts as a liaison between the media and the Incident Commander and the EOC staff • responds to special requests for information Public Information Mitigation Activities • The Monroe Sheriffs Office is the primary agency responsible for providing public information and coordinating with the media during a disaster. It also conducts post - emergency reviews to determine ways to prevent problems that occurred from happening in the future. • Establish a system that provides and disseminates information of all disaster -related information to the media and the general public. Related Prepaazednes§ and Response Actrvrtres • Perform necessary functions associated with the transmittal of information. Report on the status of emergency conditions, shelters and emergency services' availability, and actions to be taken to ensure public health and welfare. Identify primary point of contact that will allow information access to the media and the general public. Provide public information regarding volunteer services. • Respond to information requests from the local public and media interests. Identify required support agencies, begin mobilization of resources and personnel and prepare for activation. • The Monroe County Sheriffs Office Public Information Officer coordinates all public information releases. The MCSO PIO through regularly held briefings and press releases will release information on the current emergency status and operations to the media. The MCSO PIO is responsible for accurate and timely dissemination of public information regarding the evacuation process, sheltering information, assistance contacts, etc. 50 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Monroe County Communications Department The Monroe County Communications Department functions under the Public Safety Division. It is responsible for maintaining an effective and comprehensive communication system throughout Monroe County. Communications Department facilitates communications within Monroe County organizations involved in emergency response and recovery efforts; and provides communications support to agencies to enable them to perform their emergency functions. This includes providing services for the Sheriff's Office, Public Safety Division, Emergency Management, Operations Centers, vehicles, and maintaining a mobile communications center, for use during emergencies. Communications coordinates and assists in communications support to local emergency response agencies. During emergencies the Communications Department carries out these specific duties: • reports to the Emergency Management Director and the Incident Commander • determines communication unit personnel needs • advises on communications capabilities and limitations • prepares and implements the incident radio communications plan • ensures EOC messages center establishment • sets up Emergency Alert System (EAS) • ensures all communication systems are installed and tested • establishes equipment accountability • provides technical information as required • supervises communications unit activities • maintains records on all communications equipment • recovers equipment from released units • monitors all communications equipment transmissions i.e. Traffic Center, Ham radio, Sheriffs Department, National Weather Service, Marine, Florida Department of Law Enforcement The Communications Department is the primary agency responsible for ESF 92 — Communications. This function is the focal point for all communications support at the county level before, during and after activation. In carrying out its activities the Communications Department coordinates with the following agencies: Radio Amateur Communication Services (RACES) Monroe County Sheriffs Office (MCSO) Monroe County Information Systems (MCIS) 51 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as re%ised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Communications Mitit?ation Activities • The Communications Department determines the extent of damage to existing communications systems and identifies priorities and needs. Inventory of available equipment and resources will be reviewed to support recovery efforts and make the necessary arrangements for resources deployment. • The Communications Department conducts post -emergency reviews to identify problems that occurred and ways to address them in the future. • The Communications Department coordinates countywide efforts e.g. development of a universal emergency frequency and design and location of communications towers. Related Preparedness and Response Activities • Responds to requests for local communications assistance, identifies required support agencies, begins mobilization of resources and personnel. • Coordinates support agencies in directing and prioritizing communications resource needs, and services. • When state and federal emergency communications vans are pre -deployed to staging areas move into affected areas to establish communications links with state. federal, and local governments. The Communications Department will coordinate the deployment of trained operators and technicians to support this effort. • Monroe County Communications Department will implement a temporary emergency communications systems until such time as normal communications are restored. Monroe County Animal Control Monroe County Animal Control is responsible for providing services related to animals in Monroe County. This includes protection against animal -related diseases, protection of animals from cruelty, and disposal. During an emergency, Monroe County Animal Control is the agency in charge of animal care and animal protection. Veterinary care needs of animals in the aftermath of an event will be identified and met and the status of veterinary and hospital services capabilities will be maintained. Whenever feasible, animals will be captured and returned to owners. Animal Control is the primary agency for the execution of ESF # 17 — Animal Protection. When carrying out its emergency activities, the Animal Control coordinates with the following agencies: Monroe County Public Works (MCPW) Monroe County Sheriff's Office (MCSO) Monroe County Humane Society (MCHS) 52 Nlonroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revise per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Mitigation Activities • Coordination of resources for veterinary needs and care of pets and wild anirn,6- affected by an emergency event. Organizes emergency relief assistance amon_ local, state and federal entities for support of this function. Related Preparedness and Response Activities • Pursuant to ESF# 17, monitor and respond to all animal care and veterinr-, activities being performed in conjunction with emergency operations. Determine the degree of support required from local, state, and federal resources. Begin mobilization of personnel and resources, and prepare for activation. • Identify and meet the veterinary and care needs of animals in the aftermath o` a major or catastrophic event. Maintain status of veterinary and hospital ser,6ce capabilities. Organize the appropriate personnel and identify equipment and resources needs. Animal capture and return to owners (whenever feasible) and collection and disposal of dead animals. • Coordination of administration in guidance and integration of animal care aai veterinary support. Formulation of animal evacuation from the affected area (whene%:r possible) and activation and deployment of resources of animal and veterinary persormel. supplies and equipment. Monroe County Management Services The County Administrator directs Monroe County Management Services. Management Services includes, the Monroe County Office of Management and Budget (MCOMB), Purchasing Department, Finance Department (referred to as "the Departments"). and Grants Management function under Management Services. Management and Budget and Finance have responsibility for overseeing the day-to-day financial and fiscal requirements of the County. This includes procedures, e.g. acquiring purchase orders, payment of contracts, etc. In a disaster situation, Monroe County's financial management is the responsibility of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Purchasing Department, and the Finance Department. In an emergency the Office of Management and Budget is the primary agency responsible for carrying out ESF # 7 — Resource Support. In performing its activities for ESF #7 OMB coordina::s with the following agencies: Monroe County Department of Finance (MCDF) Monroe County Purchasing Department (MCPD) Monroe County Emergency Management (MCEM) Monroe County Public Works (MCPW) 53 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Resource Support Mitigation Activities • Maintain thorough documentation, which is the key element in the reimbursement process. • Provide assistance in the disaster relief and reimbursement process. • Allocation and disbursements records affiliated with emergency response activities must be maintained in conformity with state and federal codes. Highest attention must be given to the maintenance of logs, records and file copies of all expenditures in order to provide clear accountability for reimbursement requests. The OMB, Purchasing, and Finance Departments carry out these requirements. • To reduce confusion and expedite the supply process during an emergency, Resources Support establishes pre -arranged contracts with vendors. These are periodically reviewed and updated. Related Preparedness and Response Activities • Provide resources and logistics support to municipalities and county agencies for emergency response and recovery efforts. • Provide countywide resources for emergency operations in the event of resource depletion (i.e. contracting services, office supplies and equipment, emergency supplies, __. transportation services, additional personnel for emergency support, etc.). Procure and provide essential material resources. _ _ • Support the direction of resources and coordinate resource procurement, disbursement, cost accounting, and other areas related to logistical and resource support. • At the earliest time possible, anticipate needs above and beyond local resource capabilities. Begin preparations and arrangements for meeting those needs through the most appropriate means. • Obtain resources through one of several means including, local resource inventories or local agreements, donations, mutual aid or procurement. • Identify and operate facilities for the purpose of receiving and storing resources • Coordinate effective transportation of resources to appropriate destinations. • Perform preliminary needs assessment based on predicted conditions and prior experience. Identify warehouses and locations, which may be used as staging areas for incoming resources. • Contact vendors with whom contracts, agreements and/or arrangements have been prearranged for the provision of resources. Collect resource lists from other ESFs and submit preliminary mutual aid requests to the State EOC. • During times of emergency, the Departments may choose to implement special emergency procedures to expedite necessary purchase and payment before, during, and after a disaster. Such measures are designed to expedite preparation, response, and recovery that help to relieve and mitigate the disaster situation. • Monroe County employs a FEMA compatible daily activity report for the maintenance of force account labor and materials. All non -force account labor and materials are covered 54 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. by competitive bid contract in accordance with Florida State Procurement laws. These arrangements have been promulgated in order to comply with the regulations set forth by the state and federal government as a criterion for recovery of funds under the Stafford Act. • The Departments assist in maintaining Continuity of Government defined as, the preservation, maintenance or reconstruction of the civil government's ability to carry out its constitutional responsibilities. • The Departments establish guidelines to ensure that essential County records are safeguarded. Grants Management Mitigation Activities • Administers the 404 Hazard Mitigation Grant Program and participates in identification of future needs. • Participates in the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group Related`Pr��aredness�and Response�Ac'tivites • In tunes of emergency the Monroe County Grants Management Department handles all insurance coordination procedures. • Administrative procedures are coordinated, processed and regulated by and through the Monroe County Office of Management of Budget in conjunction with the Monroe County Grants Department. • The Monroe County Grants Manager in conjunction with the Monroe County OMB coordinates the development of support staff. • Procedures for employing temporary staff are found within the MC Employment Guidelines Procedures and are initiated by the Grants Manager, Division Director, or County Administrator. Florida Keys Electric Cooperative (FKEC) Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA) Key West City Electric System KWCES)and Florida Power and Light (FP&L) (non -county agencies). Florida Keys Electric Cooperative (FKEC) and Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA) are the primary agencies responsible for ESF 4 12 — Energy. `. hey coordinate with the following agencies: Key West City Electric System (KWCES) Florida Power and Light (FP&L) These agencies promulgate the policies and procedures to be used by Monroe County, Florida Keys Electric Cooperative, Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority, and Key West City Electric System in responding to and recovering from shortages and disruptions. Items 55 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. include the supply and delivery of electricity, potable water, and other forms of energy and fuel, which affect or may affect significant numbers of citizens and visitors. Mitigation Activities • City Electric, FKAA, and Florida Keys Electric Coop are participating members in the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) Working Group. • Restoration of utility services which were interrupted due to major or catastrophic emergencies. Coordination of services and communications among utilities and local, state and federal agencies. Identification of emergency -related problems and development of remedial actions. Related Preparedness hd Response -Activities • Overall coordination of agencies, organizations and utility companies responding to service outages, shortages and shortfalls. • Respond to requests for restoration of utility services and/or repair services. Identify required support agencies, and begin mobilization of resources and personnel. • Coordinate and facilitate the restoration of energy -related infrastructures including electrical supply and distribution, water supplies, natural gas storage and distribution, and all other transportation -related fuels. • Receiving, evaluating, prioritizing and implementing emergency energy resource requests. Monroe County School Board The Monroe County School Board operates and maintains the school system in Monroe County. Schools are a vital component of the County's Emergency Management Program. School buildings may function as shelters, school personnel often serve as shelter staff, school buses are used in the evacuation process, and feeding and maintenance personnel provide shelter support services. Mitigation Activities • Monroe County School construction standards are some of the strictest in the state. New construction is required to meet 150 mile per hour wind -load standards. School officials are aware that schools provide some of the only viable shelter space in the Keys. Facilities are planned to meet Category 5 hurricane conditions. • The Monroe County School Board and Monroe County government cooperates in many emergency related efforts. These include a joint project, which funded shutters for several schools used as shelters in the county. • The Monroe County School Board/System is a participating member on the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) Working Group. • The Monroe County School Board prepares HMGP applications for school -related mitigation/retrofit projects. 56 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Related Preparedness and Response Activities • Monroe County School Board cafeteria and custodial personnel are responsible for cooking and cleaning services within the shelters that they are operating. • Since local schools are utilized as shelters, it is imperative to maintain close communications with school officials not only to prepare for sheltering activities but, also, to close school facilities to academic functions and transport students out to provide for their safety. School officials participate in the development of evacuation scheduling and concur with closure times for all schools prior to the issuance of an evacuation order. The designated school principals are shelter managers and coordinate with Monroe County Emergency Management on shelter and related activities. • The Monroe County School Board and Monroe County Social Services maintain an inventory of vehicles for emergency use. The agencies also maintain a contact list of designated personnel to be notified when needed. 57 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member cti�mments. Local Government A eg_ncies The governments discussed below participate in Mutual Aid Agreements with the County for emergency response and assistance. Monroe County and its municipalities also subscribe to Mutual Aid Agreements with other jurisdictions for emergency and disaster assistance. Key West Key West City Commission The City Commission is composed of 7 members, including a Mayor, who is elected specifically to that office. The City Commission is composed of five members, including a Mayor, who is elected specifically to that office. The Commission sets government policy and adopts guidance documents, such as the Comprehensive Plan, and ordinances establishing various codes and standards. Mitigation Activities • The City of Key West participates in several mitigation programs. These include Area of Critical State Concern, Floodplain Management, and the National Flood Insurance Program and Community Rating System. • The Key West Comprehensi<,e Plan includes such mitigation policies as restoration of the dune system using natural, indigenous vegetation for beach renourishment projects. • The city applies performance criteria and regulatory techniques for hazard mitigation and loss reduction, such as, prohibition of construction of sewage treatment plants, industrial holding ponds, and other point sources of pollution in the Coastal High Hazard Area. Key West also requires non-residential construction within the hurricane flood zone to meet storm and floodproofing standards, which exceed the 100-year flood criteria. Key West City Manager The City Manager of Key West implements the policies of the Commission and administers the overall operations of the City. Mitigation Activities • The City Manager participates in post -disaster assessment and may develop mitigation initiatives to address reduction of future loss. • During emergencies, the danger participates in the Key West Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and coordinates with the County and other local governments. • The Manager works with the City's Recovery Task Force which, serves as the City's designated Public Facilities Review Committee. This group is charged with the 58 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, Firs and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. responsibility for reviewing available alternatives for managing damaged public facilities following a hurricane or other disaster. • The Manager may perform an analysis and provide recommendations to the City Commission for hazard mitigation options, including relocation and reconstruction of damaged public facilities. • The Manager participates in intra and inter -governmental disaster planning efforts, including multi -agency Site Plan Review Committee, Hazard Mitigation, and Post - Disaster Recovery Task Force. Key West Planning Department The Key West Planning Department is responsible for the development and maintenance of the City's Comprehensive Plan. Department personnel serve as staff to the City's Planning Commission. Mitigation Activities • The Planning Department ensures that mitigation related items in the Comprehensive Plan, such as flood plain and natural resource management, are followed and reflected in the City's Codes and Standards. • Planning Department personnel participate in post -disaster appraisals and may formulate - additional mitigation measures for use in the Comprehensive Plan. • Personnel work closely with building and zoning staff to ensure coordination of actions related to disaster planning, recovery, and mitigation. • Mitigation recommendations, especially those based on direct disaster experience will be included in the Evaluation and Appraisal Reports (EAR) required for the Comprehensive Plan. Key West Building and Zoning Department The Building and Zoning Department recommends and implements policies provided in the City's Comprehensive Plan and Land Development Regulations. It also reviews construction plans, issues permits, and inspects projects for approval. The Department is responsible for enforcing zoning and building standards, which may include mitigation measures. When conducting these activities Department staff implement mitigation policies reflected in the Building Code and Land Development Regulations. Department personnel serve as staff to the City's Historic Architectural Review Commission (HARC). 59 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Mitigation Activities _ • When conducting its operations the Building and Zoning Department implements mitigation measures reflected in the Comprehensive Plan, Building Code. and Land Development Regulations. • Supervision of floodplain management controls and zoning regulations designed to minimize damage to structures from wind and waves resulting from storms. • Enforcement of Building Code windload requirements and anchoring of foundations into bedrock. • The Building and Zoning Department implements zoning and development polices for the City's redevelopment areas, Bahama Village and Key West Bight, which reduce storm effects such as the following: "Within the Key West Bight Area, in order to curtail the likelihood of future property damage and/or exposure to the perils of storm driven tides, wind, and waves, the land development regulations shall include performance criteria which restrict building mass and building intensity at strategic locations vulnerable to storm surge". (from Key West Comprehensive Plan) • The Building and Zoning Department provides input in the Post -Disaster Recover. Task Force. Key West Historic Architectural Review Commission (HARC) Because of the City's historic resources, including the National Register Historic District proposed the Historic Architectural Review Commission (HARC) reviews construction in designated areas. The guidelines used by HARC incorporate the principles of the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation along with local controls on landscaping. signs, - etc. Since the historic properties in Key West are treasures that require special treatment, and also enhance tourism, it is important that the City consider policies, which would apply to reconstruction of this area if affected by a disaster. Such policies could address application of flood height standards, codes, and use of materials that may be considered non -conforming, and requirements if the historic building would receive damage in excess of 50% of the value. Mitigation Activities • The City of Key West developed a Hurricane Preparation and Recovery Guide specifically designed for the Key West National Register Historic District. • The City of Key West has established a post -storm redevelopment task force that includes community members. The members represent various neighborhood and interest -based groups in the City. A main focus of the task force is to encourage public participation in the post -storm redevelopment planning and review process, including historic preservation interests. 60 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Key West Finance Department The Finance Department has responsibility for overseeing the day -to day financial requirements of the City. This includes purchasing procedures, such as acquiring purchase orders, payment of contracts, etc. Mitigation Activities • During times of emergency, the Finance Department may choose to implement special emergency procedures to expedite necessary purchase and payment before, during, and after a disaster. Such measures are designed to expedite preparation, response, and recovery that help to relieve and mitigate the disaster situation. Key West City Engineer The Manager of the City Engineering Department is professionally qualified to review building plans and construction to determine that Standard Building Codes and construction requirements of the City are followed. The Engineer performs other responsibilities relating to the construction and technical needs of the City. These include overseeing the engineering requirements of public facilities such as roads, bridges, sewer treatment facility, and other City buildings. Mitigation Activities • When conducting assigned activities the City Engineer implements mitigation policies reflected in the Building Code and Land Development Regulations. • After a disaster, City Engineering staff conduct damage assessments of public infrastructure and work with federal and state agencies such as FEMA and DEM to expedite funding assistance for recovery operations. Under federal provisions of the Public Assistance Program, mitigation measures to reduce future loss to public facilities may be included in requests for disaster aid. • The City Engineer provides input in the Post -Disaster Recovery Task Force. Key West Public Works Department The Public Works Department is responsible for overseeing the maintenance and operation of all city facilities, including roads and bridges. It also operates and maintains the County's heavy equipment, county vehicles, repair shop, and fueling station. During an emergency the Public Works Department may perform these functions: • resource support • heavy equipment • fuel supply M. Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. • vehicle maintenance • facility management (i.e. shutters generators, etc.) Mitigation Activities • Coordination and provision of emergency public works, evaluation of infrastructure - damage, and coordination of emergency debris clearing. • Identification of mitigation components for 406 Mitigation under the federal Public Assistance Program. • Key West Public Works Department participates in the overall operation of damage assessment activities. The Public Works Department is particularly invoked with identifying and reporting damage to public facilities and infrastructure. • Following a declared disaster, the Public Works Department is involved in the preparation of Damage Survey Reports (DSRs) that provide vital information for federal disaster assistance for public infrastructure. Related Preparedness and ReMonLse Activities • In executing its responsibility Public Works coordinates with the following agencies: • Department of Transportation (FDOT) • Monroe County Department of Public Works • Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA) • City Electric Incorporated • Plan, coordinate and initiate restoration of the serviceability of transportation routes, bridges, and assurance as to the safety of affected public and private dwellings and structures. • Coordinate emergency contracting and emergency repair of drainage, and solid waste facilities. • Respond to requests for repair work. • Coordination of support agencies in directing and prioritizing resources, needs, and services to accomplish debris removal, access restoration, damage assessments, as well as other areas of infrastructure. • Establish priorities regarding repair and/or reconstruction of damaged infrastructure and stabilization of damaged dwellings and facilities. • Public works assists in the restoration of critical public services e.g. water supplies. Key West Utilities Manager The Utilities Manager is responsible for coordinating various utility resources in the city. These include the Richard A. Heyman Environmental Protection Facility, Sewage Treatment System and Plant, including pumping and lift stations, Garbage Collection Program, Southernmost Waste to Emergency Facility, and City Electric. 62 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Mitigation Activities • All of the above facilities have specific written emergency plans and procedures designed for use in emergencies such as tropical cyclones, severe storms, and tornadoes. They address such hazards as high winds and flooding. • The Sewage Treatment Plant has a separate plan to deal with hazardous materials. • When reviewing the physical plant of the City's utility facilities, issues of vulnerability such as flood height, roof construction, etc. have been considered and referenced in plans. • The Utilities Manager provides input in the Post -Disaster Recovery Task Force. Key West Police Department The Police Department is responsible for overall law enforcement and protection of residents and visitors in the City of Key West. The Department plays a key role in planning and response during emergencies. Mitigation Activities • The Chief of Police shall establish a permanent standing Hurricane Preparedness Committee responsible for preparation, review, and revisions of plans, procedures, operations and training materials relating to hurricane preparation, response, and recovery. The Committee reports directly to the Chief of Police. It meets periodically throughout the year to monitor hurricane preparedness. • Throughout the existence of any potentially threatening situation, the Hurricane Preparedness Committee meets as needed to assess development, update working plan of action, and advise the chief. • The Hurricane Preparedness Committee shall prepare after -action critiques of every implementation or exercise of any element of the disaster response and recovery plan and provide recommendations for addressing future problems. • The Police Department supervises the maintenance, implementation, and operation of the City's "Open Cuba" Mass Immigration Plan, this includes chain -of —command, traffic control, staging, logistics, communications, incarceration, and coordination with Monroe County Sheriffs Office and state and federal agencies. • The Police Department may contribute to pre -panning strategies regarding evacuation planning and coordination with Monroe County. Related Pr6jj dnessand Response:Activities • During an emergency the Chief of Police or his designee will direct and oversee the operation. _. . The Department supervises Emergency Law Enforcement and Traffic Control. • During emergencies the Police coordinate with the City EOC, other City Departments, and outside agencies. 63 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Related Preparedness and Response Activities • The Key West Fire Department uses a very detailed Hurricane Plan that includes preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. • During emergencies the Fire Chief or designee directs the operations of the City's Emergency Operations Center on Simonton and Southard Streets. • The Department assists in emergency evacuations, search and rescue procedures, and damage assessment. • The Fire Department coordinates the City EOC, and activities of other City Departments, and outside agencies, including Monroe County Emergency Management and Emergency Operations Center. Key West Transportation Department (PATA) The Transportation Department provides for citywide transportation services and operates a fleet of buses. It also assists in transportation and evacuation planning. Mitigation Activities • PATA participates in the emergency after -action process and formulates measures to address future needs. • The Key West Transportation Department has a specific Hurricane Plan and Procedures designed to effectively implement its responsibility of moving civilians to shelters or, in - the event of an out -of -county evacuation, to staging areas for school bus transport to the mainland shelter at Florida International University. In addition, it is charged with helping boat owners in securing their boats and finding safe accommodations during an - emergency such as a hurricane. The Transportation Department's Plan could also be applied to other emergencies. '. � Related Pi��redn�s ancl'�Response Activities • The Manager of the Department oversees the implementation of the Plan and operates from the City's Emergency Operations Center. • The Manager coordinates the communications requirements of the Plan which include constant monitoring of the communications frequencies used by City buses and the FL Department of Transportation, and 15 minute reports from bus operators on the status of the evacuation process, mechanical problems. etc. • The Assistant Manager, located at Department Headquarters, monitors the locations of the drivers. • The Transportation procedures provide for a cut-off time to secure buses and drivers. • The Transportation Department participates in the development of hurricane related transportation and traffic circulation policies and improvements to expedite evacuation. These include such measures as re -distributing traffic by the use of Flagler Avenue to provide alternative operational corridors to the use of North Roosevelt Boulevard. 65 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999. First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. City of Key Colony Beach The City of Key Colony Beach consists of 285 acres. It has a permanent population of approximately 1,300. City Commission A Commission composed of 5 elected officials, including a mayor governs the City. It sets -- government policy, such as through the Comprehensive Plan, and adopts ordinances establishing various codes and standards. Mitigation Activities The City of Key Colony Beach participates in several mitigation programs. These include Area of Critical State Concern Designation, Floodplain Management, and the National Flood Insurance Program. • Key Colony Beach's Comprehensive Plan, as well as the City's Building Code, display an awareness and sensitivity to the problems that may be caused by a natural disaster such as a hurricane. • Provisions dealing with hazard planning include recognition of early warning as a primary protective action to expedite evacuation and support for the widening of certain segments of U.S. 1. - • The City implements policies, which foster and protect mangroves. • Comprehensive Plan objectives and policies address the need to hold down densities so as not to increase hurricane evacuation times. A stated objective of the Plan is to: "Grant no land use amendments that would increase the land use density and intensity, in order to assure that the projected `build -out' hurricane evacuation traffic entering on U.S. 1 will not increase. Concurrent policies address restrictions on population density "in order to avoid further burdens on the hurricane evacuation plan". • Plan policies advocate no City expenditures for infrastructure in the V zone, which would encourage increased private development. • Since Hurricane Andrew, the City has reconstructed its causeway bridge to improve its ability to withstand storm surge. The City is currently retrofitting its wastewater treatment plant to mitigate future problems. Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Building Official The Building Official reviews construction plans, issues permits, and inspects projects for approval. When conducting these activities, the Building Official implements mitigation policies reflected in the Building Code and Land Development Regulations. Mitigation Activities • Enforcement of setback requirements designed to mitigate coastal hazards. • Enforcement of building code regulations such as the use of 3/4 inch plywood roof sheathing and galvanized nails. • Enforcement of reconstruction of structures damaged beyond 50 % in conformance with current flood height standards and building codes. • The Building Official is a member of the City's Disaster Preparedness Committee and coordinates with the County in efforts to reduce loss from hazard risks. Such items include raising grade level on roadways and protecting mangroves and other native vegetation. City Engineer The consulting City Engineer is a certified professional engineer who is qualified to review building plans and construction projects to determine that Standard Building Codes and all construction requirements of the City are followed. The Engineer performs other responsibilities relating to the construction and technical needs of the City. Mitigation Activities • When conducting assigned activities, the City Engineer implements mitigation policies reflected in the Building Code and Land Development Regulations. • The Engineer may assist in the City's development of a Storm Water Management Plan to improve retention and ease threats from flooding. Key Colony Beach Wastewater Treatment Plant The City of Key Colony Beach has its own sewage collection and treatment system, which is operated by the Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator. Mitiization Activities • The entire plant is currently being totally retrofitted to a state-of-the-art facility. • Since the City is located in the Coastal High Hazard Area, which would be affected by a Category 1 Storm, the City has identified the sewage treatment plant as having the potential to be subject to storm surge. Due to power failures caused by severe storms, 67 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999. First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. the City's sewer system may lose its pumping capability causing back-ups and related problems. Identified improvements to the system address line infiltration and improved treatment. Provision of emergency back-up generation is another consideration that will mitigate potential problems. Key Colony Beach Storm Water Control The City has a master storm water control project that includes swales, retention ponds, and deep injection wells which were designed, installed, and monitored by the South Florida Water Management District, FL Department of Environmental Protection, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. As of November 1998, the citywide project is approximately 50% complete Key Colony Beach Police Department The Police Department is responsible for overall law enforcement and protection of the people living in and visiting Key Colony Beach. Mitigation Activities • During emergencies the Key Colony Beach Police Department works closely with the Monroe County Sheriff's Office and the Florida Highway Patrol to promote speedy and safe evacuation. • The Police Department may contribute to pre -planning strategies regarding evacuation planning and coordination with Monroe County. City of Key Colony Beach Disaster Preparedness Committee The Disaster Preparedness Committee is a viable entity composed of residents and City representatives such as the Building Official. Mitigation Activities • The Committee coordinates with the County on emergency management activities such as planning, response, recovery, and mitigation. It provides its own public information program, disaster command center, and emergency supplies. 68 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second De:. - erables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. City of Layton Layton is a very small city comprised of 85 acres with an estimated population of 218. For this reason its government operates on a part-time basis. The Cirti.'s police and fire services are contracted with Monroe County. It has several government agencies of its own. Layton City Council The citizens of Layton elect the five member City Council. and a mayor, at large. The Council sets government policy and adopts ordinances estabEshing various codes and standards. Mitigation Activities • The City of Layton participates in several mitigation programs. These include Area of Critical State Concern, Floodplain Management, and the National Flood Insurance Program. Layton encourages such policies as the use and protection of native vegetation to mitigate against storm effects. • The City's Comprehensive Plan policies include provisions for limiting densities in the Coastal High Hazard Area, improving hurricane evacuation timing, and protection of native vegetation and natural shorelines. • Other measures dealing with hazard planning include the consideration of mobile home restrictions and the need to increase the availability of emergency generators for use in the City. Layton City Administrator The City Administrator, under direction of the Mayor of Layton. implements the policies of the Council and handles the day to day operations of running the City. Mitigation Activities • The City Administrator participates in post -disaster assessment and may develop mitigation initiatives to address reduction of future loss. • The Administrator may recommend ways to address mitigation of hazards other than storms, (which has been the primary focus of the Council). • During emergencies, the Administrator participates in the `tonroe County Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and coordinates with other local governments. Monroe Count-, Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Layton Building Department The Building Department reviews construction plans, issues permits, and inspects projects for approval. Mitigation Activities • When conducting its activities, the Building Department implements mitigation policies reflected in the Building Code and Land Development Regulations. These include standards to reduce vulnerability to high wind load and enforcement of the "substantial improvements" rule. Layton Planning and Zoning Department The Planning and Zoning Department recommends and implements policies provided in the City's Comprehensive Plan and Land Development Regulations. Mitigation Activities When conducting its activities the Planning and Zoning Department implements mitigation measures reflected in the Comprehensive Plan and Land Development Regulations. These include zoning regulations designed to minirnize damage to structures from wind and waves resulting from storms and floodplain management controls. Layton Code Enforcement Department This agency cortsists of the Code Enforcement Board and the Code Enforcement Officer. - The Board is a quasi-judicial entity that reviews infractions of the municipal codes and imposes remedies. Mitigation Activities • Cases may come before the Board that deal with mitigation issues like destruction of native landscaping such as mangroves. Since the Board can punish violators, it provides an incentive to adhere to and respect ordinances including mitigation provisions. 70 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Islamorada Village of Islands As Islamorada Village of Islands is a newly incorporated community, its is presently functioning primarily under adopted Monroe County codes. It currently has several municipal agencies or department, the Fire Department, Planning, building, Code Enforcement, Parks and Recreation, Public works, and Village Manager. Village Council The Village Council is comprised of five elected officials. The Council sets government policy and adopts guidance documents, such as the Comprehensive Plan, Land Development Regulations, and ordinances establishing various codes and standards. As such, it considers mitigation efforts in the development of these documents. Village Manager The Village Manager implements the policies of the Council and administers the overall operations of the Village. Mitigation Activities _ The Village Manager participates in preparedness, response, planning, and mitigation as well as post -disaster assessment and may develop mitigation initiatives to address reduction of future loss. Related` Preparedness'and Response Activities During emergencies, the Village Manager participates in the Village Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and coordinates with the County and other local governments. Village Fire Department The Fire -Rescue Department has been charged with providing Emergency Management assistance to the Village in concert with their other duties of fire control, fire prevention, emergency medical services, and fire and hazard public education. The Department plays a lead role in planning, response for emergencies. The Village Fire Chief participates on the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group. Mitigation Activities • The Village Fire Department, Village staff, along with several interested citizens is working on maintaining an updated and revised Emergency Management and Hurricane PIan, including a mitigation component, for the Village. This Plan will work closely with 71 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. the Monroe County Hurricane Preparedness, Evacuation, Shelter and Refuge of Last Resort Plan to mitigate the effects of a tropical cyclone striking the Village. It will also provide for quick and effective recovery should this happen. The Plan has been drafted and is currently under review. The Plan is completed and was adopted by the Village Council for implementation. • The Village Fire Department conducts hazard -related, especially hurricane, public education in coordination with Monroe County Emergency management. This included upgrading and implementing county -wide efforts to educate the citizens about emergency preparedness plans and procedures, including specific citizen protective action recommendations and directives. Related Preparedness and Response Activities • During emergencies, the Fire Chief or designee directs the operations of the Village's EOC. • The Village Fire Department assists in emergency evacuation, search and rescue operations, and damage assessment. The Department also coordinates the Village EOC and activities of other Village departments and outside agencies, including Monroe County Emergency Management and EOC. • During emergencies, the Village Fire Department coordinates with the Sheriff's Department assuring effective communications. • Whenever possible, during an emergency, and in particular, during the recovery period, the Village Fire Department assist in providing information to Monroe County Emergency Management. • The Village Fire Department will coordinate with Monroe County and contribute to pre- planning strategies regarding evacuation planning and coordination. • The Village Fire -Rescue Department is responsible for planning for hazardous materials incidents, maintaining a hazardous materials inventory, and responding to hazardous materials incidents. Islamorada Building and Planning Departments The two functions of this Department will be reviewing all plans for construction within the Village to assure compliance with adopted codes and FEMA floodplain requirements. In addition, this Department will be working with FEMA to correct illegal ground level construction in flood prone areas. Mitigation Activities • In reviewing projects for compliance with County codes and standards, the Village «-ill take into consideration those regulations relating to the mitigation of natural and man- made hazards. 72 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. • The Village will be working with FEMA to correct illegal ground level construction in flood -prone areas. • The Village enforces the ordinances/provisions relating to storm mitigation. e.g. shutter requirements. Related Preparedness and Response Activities • When a disaster or large-scale emergency occurs, the Village participates in auto and mutual aid in resource support, including participation within the County EOC for inter- governmental coordination. • The Village will establish a Disaster Committee to identify, plan, and coordinate response and recovery activities for disasters and large emergencies. 73 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Monroe Countv Working Group List of Goals and Objectives for Use in the Local Mitigation Strategy The members of the Working Group developed the following goals and objectives and agreed to use them for development of the Local Mitigation Strategy. Local Mitigation Strateay Goals and Obiectives 1. _Preservation and Sustainability of Life Health. Safety. and Welfare (mot important goal) 2. Preservation of Infrastructure, from hazard -related damage, including • Utilities • Power • Water • Sewer • Communications 3. Maintain and Protect Roads and Bridges from hazard -related damage, including • Traffic Signals • Street Signs 4. Protection of Critical Facilities (as defined by DCA) from hazard -related damage also including Public Buildings/Schools 5. Preservation of Property and Assets and Protection from disaster -related loss. 6. Preservation of Economy during times of disaster, including • Business Viability 7. Preservation and Protection of the Environment Natural • Historic 74 Monroe County Local Mitigation S-ategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member :,mments. MitiZation Measures (County, Regional, and Municipal policies, _ ordinances, and programs), Evaluation, Anahsis, and Recommendations Probably more than any other_ in Florida, Monroe County residents are aware of the major hazards they face. They live with them everyday. The surrounding waters and obvious existence of only one major -oadway go far to raise the public conscience. Due to its precarious geographic location and constant vigilance, Monroe County has very strong codes and standards relating tc hazard mitigation. This is especially true for storm hazards. The following Index of Mitization Measures reflects the various procedures in place in Monroe County and the incorNrated areas within its jurisdiction to address the reduction of long-term risk. Not the least cf these provisions is a County construction code that requires wind -load standards of 150 =es per hour and window protection for all new construction and substantial rehabilitation. The Index below incorporates :.se following LMS program requirements: • A listing of existing munic=al (and county) policies, ordinances, and programs that affect mitigation. • An evaluation of existing municipal (and county) policies, ordinances, and programs describing their effectiveness at reducing losses of life and property. • An analysis of how existing policies, ordinances, and programs could be strengthened or improved to achieve the tsigation goals and objectives of the community. 75 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. This Matrix is or-anized around General Categories used to develop the LMS Goals and Objectives. Category Source (Plan, Ordinance, Policy) Evaluation/Analysis/ and Reference Recommendations Policy/Objective 1. Public Health. Safety and Welfare Identify and minimize the Draft Monroe County Emergency No change, properly vulnerabilities of Management Plan, 1998 conveys concept population and page 1. Section 1. 1, Purpose, of hazard mitigation. communities of Monroe Number 1.11. County to damage, injury, and loss of life and propem- resulting from natural- technological- or man-made emergencies, catastrophes. civil unrest, or hostile military and para-military action. Monroe County should MC Year 2010Comprehensive Change "should coordinate vith the Plan, Conservation and Coastal coordinate" to "shall National Oceanographic Mgt.Element, page 3-233 coordinate". and Atmospheric Good provision, will Administration (NOAA) meet several LMS to install at least four goals. tide gages at critical locations throughout the Keys in conjunction with the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Program. Such tide gages would be an invaluable source of 76 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Information regarding effects of tropical storms. As described in Section MC Year 2010 Comprehensive 14.1 (Future Land Use Plan, Technical Document, Concept) of the Future page 3-236. Land Use Element, new development in the CHHA will be limited through implementation of a Permit Allocation and Point System. The Permit allocation System will limit the overall amount of new residential development in Monroe County (80 percent of which is located in the CHHA) compared to historic growth rates in order to maintain hurricane evacuation clearance times at or below 30 hours. The Point System «ill direct future growth away from CHHA by assigning a negative point rating to residential and non-residential development proposed within the CHHA. The purpose and MC Land Development intent of the Regulations, Section Dwelling Unit 9.5-120, page 800.70.2.1 .Allocation System is: a. To facilitate goals, objectives, and policies set forth in the Comprehensive Plan and Land Point System has been incorporated in LDR's & Building Code. Select baseline year and monitor effectiveness over specific time period. If possible, assess impact on Hurricane Georges evacuation. Monitor effectiveness as provided for this section. This is a unique and critical regulation that links land use development and emergency evacuation times as a hazard mitigation measure. It shows that Monroe County 77 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and working Group Member comments. Regulations relating to protection of residents. visitors, and property in the county from natural disasters, especially, hurricanes. b. To limit the annual amount and rate of residential development commensurate with the County's ability to maintain a reasonable and safe hurricane evacuation clearance time. The ordinance includes the following: Requires annual review And monitoring establishes annual residential unit allocations for specific sub -areas in the county. From and after the effective date of the Dwelling Unit Allocation System, no building permit for a residential dwelling unit shall be issued by the county unless such dwelling unit has a residential dwelling unit allocation award, or is exempt or vested as per the regulations. is committed to the protection of life, at the expense of expanded development and revenue. This concept should be adopted by all Keys communities. 78 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised': as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Monroe County shall at least ever, five years in conjunction with application of the updated Transportation Model Required by Policy 216.1.5. update the result of the Monroe County Behavioral Analysis in the Lower Southeast Florida Evacuation Study. Since the Village of Islamorada is very young there are few policies, ordinances, and programs that have, thus far, been developed in regard to mitigation. Provisions that are either developed or in the process of being developed are Described below: Resolution No. 98-07 adopted on May 14, 1998 provides for mutual aid with the State of Florida and adopts the Statewide Mutual Aid Pact for Islamorada. MC Year 2010 Plan Policy 216.3.3. Coastal and Conservation Mgt. Element, page 3.2-73 Resolution No. 98-07 Islamorada Update the Loower SE Florida Evac- Plan. Revise Evacuation Study pursuant to Hurricane Georges and T.S. Mitch. Encourage additional beiiavioral studies. This will provide the Village with much needed help should a disaster occur within the Village and will help prevent the loss of lives and property - Provide information about this provision subsequent to recent disasters. 79 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Ordinance No. 98-04 provides for a building moratorium on commercial property. This moratorium will allow Islamorada to develop a Comprehensive Land Development Plan. This plan will comply with all Federal and State requirements and will contain provisions for reducing losses from flooding and windstorm effects. Revise City of Key West Comprehensive Plan pursuant to findings and recommendations in Final Project Report For DCA, Coastal Management Program, June 1997, City of Key West. Upon plan adoption, The City of KW shall adopt amended land development regulations which shall include performance standards Islamorada Ordinance No. 98-04 Final Project Report for DCA Coastal Management Program, June 1997, City of Key West. Objective 5-1.7 Final Project Report for DCA Coastal Management Program June 1997. Develop additional policies. Excellent provision, promotes mitigation. Revise Plan consistent with the document. Good document, will enhance mitigation if adopted and followed. Revise City's LDRs accordingly. This will greatly enhance mitigation, if properly enforced. 80 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. activities in a manner, which minimizes the danger to life and property occasioned by a hurricane event. Avoid population concentrations in Coastal High Hazard Areas in Key West. Pursuant to this, specific policies would be adopted to accomplish the objective. Upon plan adoption, the City of Key West shall participate on the Monroe County Coordinating Committee for updating post disaster redevelopment plans, including efforts directed toward reducing or eliminating exposure of human life and public and private property to natural hazards. *The City (of Layton) will attempt to reduce potential damage from hurricanes and reduce evacuation time. Objective 5.1.5 Adopt legislation to Final Project Report implement this for DCA, Key West objective. Coastal Management Program, June 1997. Objective 5-1.8, Implement objective Final Project Report and coordinate with for DCA, Coastal Monroe County. Management Program- Good provision to June1997 promote cooperation and effective mitigation planning. Objective 12, Coastal Objective relates Zone Element, pg.112, directly to mitigation. Layton Comp. Plan, revised 1998. *Upon Plan adoption, Policy 12.h4 Serves mitigation the City shall limit Goals, Objectives, by directly linking dwelling unit permits Policies, Coastal development to to an average of Management Element evacuation time. Twelve (12) per year Layton, Comp. Plan, pg.114 Good provision. Cumulative to 81 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. September 1, 2002. Applications for dwelling Unit permits allocated Herein shall require A showing that Addition of the Dwelling unit will Not negatively impact Hurricane evacuation, As determine by the County's evacuation Model. *The City shall coordinate Objective 3, Land Use Provision speaks to with appropriate Element, Layton Comp. mitigation and governments and agencies Q Plan, pg. 43. intergovernmental to minimize and mitigate cooperation. However, potential mutual Hurricane Georges adverse impacts of future showed that more and development and better city/county redevelopment activities coordination is still and will coordinate with needed. Efforts to the appropriate local and improve this are regional hurricane plan. currently underway through a series of meetings coordinated by the County. *The City will attempt to reduce potential damage from hurricane and reduce evacuation time. *In the event of a natural disaster, The City shall have engineering and other analyses undertaken prior to post disaster redevelopment so that any appropriate building regulations can be adopted, and design Objective 12, Coastal This objective is Element, City of reinforced by other Layton Comp. Plan, pg. 112. provisions such as the following policy. Policy 12.g Excellent policy, Coastal Element incorporates mitigation Layton Comp. Plan, in the redevelopment pg. 115. process. 82 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999. First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. guidelines established for replacement or repair of infrastructure which reduce the potential for future damage from natural disasters. *To restrict development in Coastal High Hazard areas the City shall incorporate appropriate policies in the land development regulations To direct population concentrations away from known or predicted coastal high hazard areas as defined in Objective5. -15. The following provisions shall restrict development within the coastal high hazard area: 1. New construction of sewage treatment plants, industrial holding ponds, and other potential point pollution sources within the coastal high hazard area is prohibited. Policy 5-1.5.1 Coastal Management Element. Key West Comp. Plan. 1993, pg. 5-10. 2. Require non-residential development within the hurricane flood zone to meet storm and floodproofing standards exceeding those required for a 100 year storm The policy has been adopted by ordinance. 83 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. *The Recovery Task Force shall propose any needed Comprehensive Plan amendments which reflect the recommendations contained in any Inter -Agency Hazard Mitigation Team Reports or other reports prepared pursuant to Section 406, Disaster Relief Act of 1974 (PL 93-288). *In order to protect the health and safety of the residents of the Florida Keys, the City of Key West shall regulate the rate of population growth commensurate with planned increases in evacuation capacity in order to prevent further unacceptable increases in hurricane evacuation clearance times. 2. Preservation of Infrastructure Policy 5-1.84 Coastal Management Element, Key West Comp. Plan. pg. 5-16 Monroe County should consider implementing impact fees to assist in funding acquisition of state -of -the art emergency communications equipment and/or retrofitting adequate Objective 1-3,12, Land Use Element, City of Key West Comprehensive Plan,1993 MC Year 2010Comprehensive Plan, Conservation and Coastal Mgt. Element, page 3-233. Good policy Objective has been implemented through the Key West Building Allocation process incorporated in the Land Development regulations. Change "should consider" to "shall consider". Check on legality. Some retrofit studies have been completed. 84 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. shelter facilities. The primary transmission MC year 2010 Comprehensive Good provision. main connecting the Plan, Conservation and Coastal No changes, Florida City Wellfield Mgt. Element, page 3-325 recommended. in Dade County with Monroe County runs the length of US 1 to Key West. This main is buried on land and runs along the sides of bridges connecting the Keys. This main is connected to a series of storage and pumping facilities and a separate network of small distribution lines serving developed portions of the Keys, including areas within the CHHA. recent water main installations have been buried as a means of hazard mitigation. Division 6. (F000dplain Management Standards) of the MC Land Development Regulations require that new or replacement water supply systems in areas of special flood hazard (the 100 year floodplain a more extensive area than the CHHA) be installed in accordance with the methods and practices that minimize flood damage (Monroe County BOCC, 1990). City of Key Colony Beach City of Key Colony Beach These are valid Comprehensive Plan Coastal Management polices for mitigation provides a section on Element, pages 5.7-5.8. but were developed Post -Disaster prior to recent disasters. Provisions 85 Monroe Count} Local Mitigation'irategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Membr, comments. Provisions : (paraphrase) Existing modest sea„ alls along the oceanfront are not expected to provide protection in a major hurricane. If significant oceanfront building damage should occur, this entire strip may have to be re- developed with greater building set -backs and elevations. and the installation of dunes rather than seawalls. - The principal infrastructure that would cause problems would be the sewage treatment plant and causeway (which, also contains the water supply trunk line) in the City of Key Colony Beach *A goal of Key Colony Beach is to modify the sewage treatment plant and causeway to make them more storm resistant. Goal of KCB Comp. Plan, Post -Disaster redevelopment, page, 5.7. *Added in response to DCA comments. should be reviewed in light of current declared disasters and revised as needed. The causeway has been recently upgraded. The City will also improve the treatment plant. to mitigate future damage. The City is currently pursuing a HEMP grant. Causeway improvements have been done. Plans are underway to retrofit the treatment plant. M Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. 3. Maintain Roads And Bridges Monroe County shall coordinate with FLDOT to ensure that U.S. I roadway capacity improvements necessary to maintain hurricane evacuation clearance times at 24 hours, including but not limited to Improvements to U.S. 1 between MM 80 and MM 90, are completed. 4. Protection of Critical Facilities Coastal High Hazard Areas (CHHA): Rule 9J-5.003(14) F.A.C.defines coastal high hazard areas as those that have historically experienced or are scientifically predicted to experience destruction or severe damage from hurricane storm surge, waves, Goals, Objectives, and Policies, Coastal and Conservation Management, Policy 216. 1.16, pg. 3.2-71, MCCP IHMT Report, FEMA 955-DR-FL (Hurricane Andrew), August 1992 pages63-64. Project in progress. County is monitoring status. Correctly states mitigation purpose of CHAA. Good evaluation criterion for effectiveness of codes and standards. 87 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group \4ember comments. erosion or other manifestations of rapidly moving or storm driven water. These include all areas where public facilities have been damaged or under- mined by coastal storms, FEMA designated V-zones, areas seaward of the CCCL established by the DNR, and inlets that are not structurally controlled. The local government must designate these high -hazard areas and develop policies to limit development in these areas and re- locate or replace infrastructure away from these areas. In addition, policies must be established to ensure that required infrastructure to serve the development or redevelopment in the coastal areas at densities proposed by the Future Land Use Plan and consistent with coastal resource protection and safe evacuation. Monroe County has in MC Year 2010 Conservation "Measures 88 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and \\ orking Group Member comments. place, several hazard mitigation programs. These include regulatory measures such as the Foodplain Management Ordinance. public information programs, and participation in the National Flood Insurance Programs (NFIP) Community Rating System. Implementation of additional measures should be considered including, growth management policies, stormwater regulations addressing flooding in the CHHA, policies encouraging siting of public infrastructure out of the CHHA, and consideration of CHHA issues in making public acquisition decisions. and Coastal Mgt. Element, page should be considered" 3-237. to "shall be considered". Effective provision. 5. Preservation of Property and Assets Enforce federal, state, and Monitoring and Evaluation Process is ongoing. local setback and elevation Procedures, Conservation and Monitor LDRs for requirements to promote Coastal Management Element consistent measures. protection and safety of MC Comprehensive Plan, Policy Monitor enforcement. life and property. 217.1.5, page 5.6.2-37. Because of the number of MC Year 2010 Comprehensive Revise as per years since the last Plan, Conservation and Coastal recent disasters. occurrence of a major Management Element, page and use for HI/ storm in the Keys, the 3-236. VA. number of structures with damage in coastal storms 89 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. a history of repeated loss is limited. Repetitive loss properties are defined by FEMA as proprieties for which two or more flood insurance claims of at least $1,000 have been filed since 1978. Only two single-family residential properties, located on Summerland Key and Geiger Key, have been identified by FEMA as repetitive loss areas. Monroe County currently regulates construction through the Standard Building Code under the Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc. The Floodplain Management Ordinance contains additional standards for residential, non-residential, and manufactured (mobile home) development within areas of special flood hazard, including floodproofing requirements, anchoring requirements for mobile homes, and special provisions within V-zones. due to changing technology in the building trade, Monroe County should continue its current policy of periodically reviewing the Building Code and should consider MC Year 2010 Comprehensive Plan, Conservation and Coastal Zone Element, page 3-237. Change "should continue" to "shall continue" and "should consider adoption" to "shall consider adoption." Consider the implications of the proposed Florida Building Code on the current Code, especially in areas affecting hazard mitigation. Review and update Code pursuant to recent disaster events. Special attention should be paid to provisions relating to mobile homes and RVs. Experiences of Hurricane Georges and T.S. Mitch should be considered. Provisions in the MCLDRs Section 90 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. adoption of structural standards and site alteration restrictions that exceed minimum FEMA requirements for flood -prone areas. National Flood Insurance The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is a Federal Program enabling property owners in participating communities to purchase insurance protection against losses from flooding. to monitor compliance of program requirements, the NFIP conducts Community Assessment Visits (CAV's). Reports of recent CAVs indicated concern about illegal downstairs enclosures that housed uses, e.g. living quarters, excluded under the NFIP. To maintain the county's participation in the NFIP and because the problem also occurred in other areas, NFIP and Monroe County initiated a study to address the issue and develop a Model Program In the interim NFIP has implemented policies including: review of properties for pre -FIRM status and County permits for enclosures issued in the 1970's — 1980's. No money will be provided through NFIP for Information provided by Monroe County Division of Growth Management. 9.5-317, relating to manufactured homes should be reevaluated and updated, if necessary. As a result of NFIP policies the County has increased its enforcement of regulations for use below the Base Flood Elevation (BFE). Within 7 years the county must demonstrate good faith by sending NFIP notification through a Certificate of Compliance of ongoing inspections and enforcement to rectify the problem. m Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. illegal spaces. Spaces determined to be illegal must relocate and/or elevate within a specified time period or NFIP insurance will not be available. Since the initiation of the study Monroe County has experienced two disasters, Hurricane Georges and Tropical Storm Mitch. Effects from the events will be considered in determining NFIP polices for Monroe County. The Monroe County Sign Code currently requires wind load engineering for signs over 40 square feet. It also provides that billboards and non- conforming signs that are substantially damaged cannot be replaced. Wind load requirements also apply to signs over 20 sq.ft. In accordance with The Monroe County Building Code, all Section 9.5-405,d-3 Monroe County Building Code ASCE 7-95, MC Building Code Monroe County and its municipalities should revise codes to address ways to prevent sign damage in severe weather events. During Hurricane Georges and Tropical Storm Mitch many signs blew apart and became flying debris. Especially vulnerable were box signs and signs over 20 sq.ft. It is recommended that a comprehensive study be conducted to address the sign hazard issue for all areas of the Keys. Maintain as is. This not only nrovides for the 92 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. new construction in Monroe County must be built to 150 mile per hour wind load standards. Construction built to standards of 155 +mph is eligible to receive points under the County Rogo points System. In addition, new construction must provide window protection. The South Florida Regional Planning Council (SFRPC) recommends seven "Growth Management Tools for Hazard Mitigation". These include the application of land use plans and zoning, transfer of development rights (TDR) programs, subdivision regulations, building codes, public facility location planning, public acquisition, and fiscal policies". The City of Layton's Land Development Regulations and other policies contain the following flood damage regulations: - Zoning regulations designed to minimize flood damage to structures, land erosion, alteration of natural water flow. highest minimum construction standard. it offers incentives to exceed minimum requirements. SFRPC Hurricane Contingency Apply such tools Planning Study, 1987 to MC policies and regulations. TDR is not a viable concept because of limited amount of developable land in Monroe County. Ordinance 94-02-01 Evaluate zoning regulations pursuant to Hurricane Georges and T.S. Mitch. Revise as necessary to strengthen codes. 93 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. and to promote public health, safety, and welfare during a flood situation. - Includes a substantial Substantial improvements rule, improvements which requires all policy is improvements/recon- consistent with struction, which equal or good mitigation exceed 50% of a practices. structure's market value to bring the entire structure up to current code. Laytons' Construction Ordinance 94-02-01 Review pursuant Regulations include to Hurricane Georges the following provisions: and T.S. Mitch and - Zoning regulations revise accordingly. designed to minimize damage to structures from wind and waves resulting from storms. - Includes a substantial Substantial improvements rule, Improvements rule which requires all is consistent «zth improvements/recon- good mitigation struction, which equal or practices. exceed 50% of a structure's market value to bring the entire structure up to current code. Laytons' Building Code Southern Building Code Revise building code, addresses storm damage International Standard incorporate higher mitigation as follows: SSTD 10-90, as adopted standards e.g. Southern Building Code by Ordinance 94-06-01 Monroe County International Standard building code and SSTD 10-90 Dade Count}- codes. - Building code Code requirements standards to need to be address wind strengthened to 94 Monroe Countv Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. load. - Local building code modifications added to improve resistance to high wind loads. The City of Layton requires storm shutters on new construction and specifies that an engineer's statement is required that shutters will withstand 125-mph winds accompanied by driving rains. Currently Islamorada is in the process of developing an agreement with FEMA and as part of this agreement will enact a Floodplain Management Ordinance that will mitigate losses that occur from flooding. This Agreement is expected to be approved and submitted to FEMA in the next few months. The City of Key West building Code currently requires a wind load Standard of a minimum of 115 mph. City of Layton Ordinance 94-04-02. Pending Islamorada- FEMA Agreement City of Key West Building Code Section 104. afford better mitigation. Evaluate effectiveness during Hurricane Georges. Compare to Dade County shutter standards post Hurricane Andrew assess for possible use in Layton. Develop and enact the ordinance in a timely manner. Windload requirements should be upgraded consistent with those of Monroe 95 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. The Building Code of the City of Key Colony Beach includes several provisions designed to address hazard mitigation. These include: Buildings and structures and every part thereof shall be designed to withstand the forces of wind pressure (150 mph) assumed in any direction. Allowance shall not be made for the effect of shielding by other structures. Hurricane straps must be in place prior to tie beam concrete pour. Article 1. of Key Colony Beach Code of Ordinances, Building Code Section 6.1-6.29 Provisions are consistent with good mitigation practices. However, should be reviewed pursuant to recent disasters for possible strengthening. 96 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Double hurricane straps (one on each side of roof member) to be designed for double roof member uplift. - All hurricane straps embedded into concrete must have hooked ends. Particle board, wafer board, greenboard, and similar materials are prohibited from use. Construction plans must include a description of type of breakaway or vented walls planned, if any, below the base flood elevation and designate on the plans the use to be made of each portion of the enclosed area. Plans must be submitted to the building official for approval. - A registered engineer must state and certify, including his seal on the plans, that: the pilings or columns used as structural supports are designed and anchored so as to withstand all applied loads of the base flood flow. - All buildings or structures are designed to be securely anchored on pilings or columns so as to withstand velocity water and hurricane 97 Monroe County Local Mitigation Stratem. 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. wave wash. - The Key Colony Beach plan calls for the Building Department to conduct post - disaster assessment to determine demolition versus rebuilding. Buildings damaged beyond 50% would have to be rebuilt using current codes. The LDR Section dealing with floodplain management is based on the FEMA. NFIP requirements. It provides for elevation to or above a base flood level of 11- 13 ft. above MSL in accordance with the FIRM maps. It defines and specifies use of breakaway walls and describes permitted uses below the BFE. - It also contains such provisions as: " No variances may be requested for limited bathroom facilities below base flood elevation in any district. Key Colony Beach Beach Land Devilment Code Article VIII The City recommends that this should be expanded to more specifically deal with emergency permitting processes. Also, this policy should be reexamined pursuant to recent disaster experience. Good basic provisions. Key Colony Beach does well in maintaining codes and enforcement. 98 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. 6. Preservation of the Economy Monroe County Goals, Objectives, Good concept, shall consider Policies, Coastal check on legal implementing impact and Conservation viability and fees to offset the Management, Policy current status. public costs of hazard 216.1.15, pg. mitigation, evacuation, 3.2-71,MCCP reconstruction of public facilities, emergency communications equipment, and similar needs. apparent. The City of Key West City of Key Should be used has developed an West, Open as an example for "Open Cuba Plan" Cuba Plan. 1992 others. that addresses mass immigration. It is administered by the Police Department and includes such items as housing, chain of command, traffic control, staging, and communications. 99 Monroe Counry Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999. First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. 7. Preservation of the Natural and Historic Environment There are a number of programs and measures in effect and under consideration in Monroe County to address mitigation of natural hazards, before, during, and after they occur. These measures take various forms and include, participation in state and federal conservation and mitigation programs, regulatory controls, public information, plans, and protective measures. Monroe County does not currently permit hardened vertical structures, which are damaged beyond repair, and these would be replaced with sloping revetments. All required landscaping materials shall be of the types ...set forth in this Section. Monroe County has many provisions that protect natural resources. Such requirements serve to foster mitigation Monroe County 409 Addendum for Hurricane Andrew, Draft 1993, page 9. Sets framework. Follow-up is needed to identify specific measures. These are referenced in the Index. MC Year 2010 Comprehensive Define "damaged Plan, Conservation and Coastal beyond repair". Management Element, page 3-235 Effective provision. Monroe County LDR Section 9.5-367, page 800.229. The list provided in this section includes the use of native species that are more likely to withstand storm conditions. 100 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. since areas maintained in their natural states cannot be used for development. In addition, many resources have mitigation qualities such as serving as buffers to storm effects. Such provisions are described below: Upon adoption of the MC Comprehensive Plan Progress should be Comprehensive Plan, Coastal and Conservation monitored and Monroe County shall Management Element, actions taken amend the LDRs to Objective 206.1, pg.3.2-33 to ensure include revised compliance, development standards if needed. pertaining to permitted uses, siting of structures, disturbances, removal of invasive vegetation, and restoration of native vegetation. Seawalls shall be MCCP Coastal Element Monitor enforcement. prohibited on any beach Policy 206.1.10, pg. 3.2-35 or open water area. By January 1998, Monroe County shall establish a program for acquiring undisturbed beach/berm resource areas. Monroe County shall seek to increase public awareness and appreciation of the historic resources and historic preservation activities in the County. MCCP Coastal Element Objective 206.4, pg 3.2-35 MCCP Coastal Element Objective 214.5, pg. 3.2-67 Monitor compliance. If required, take remedial actions. Protection of historic and archeological resources prevents possible replacement by higher density uses. This is a valid provision 101 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Workine Group Member comments. *The City shall ensure protection of historic resources and shall ensure that there will be no loss of historic resources on City owned property.... Objective 5-1.10, Coastal Management Element, Key West Comp. Plan, pg.5-18. The Key Colony Beach Land Development Code contains provisions That address mitigation: - All existing mangroves shall be maintained with FLDEP requirements. - Provisions restrict the use of seawalls..-kLso, where seawalls are not authorized- the use of mangroves or and/or other suitable canal bank vegetation is recommended. - Any new development fronting on the ocean shall include a dune planting plan as part of the site plan. Key Colony Beach Land Development Code Article VIII. *Added in response to DCA comments. that should be implemented. The City of Key West has many policies and procedures related to this Objective. The preservation of existing historic resources serves to help maintain population density_ levels. The City has a comprehensive floodplain management LDR consistent with NFIP requirements. Enforcement is also quite effective. Key Colony could be used as an example in the County. 102 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. To meet or exceed Objective IA- Adopt legislation standard coastal 1.5, Final Project to implement the management practices, Report for DCA, objective. Excellent policies, and FEMA Coastal Management provision. standards with regard Program, June 1997 to historic resources in high hazard areas, the Historic Architectural Review Board (HARC) shall develop a hurricane policy for the Historic District to include specific polices. All development and Policy I.A-1.5.1 Adopt legislation to redevelopment in the Final Project Report implement this policy. the Key West Historic for DCA, Coastal Ensure consistency District shall meet Management Program, with Secretary's FEMA standards, or June 1997 standards. other appropriate requirements in coastal high hazard and flood prone areas, except where LDR's provide for exemptions for contributing structures. Amend Key West's LDRs Policy 5-1.3.4 Adopt legislation to to require beach and Final Project Report implement this policy. dune system restoration for DCA, Coastal where development is Management Program, proposed on the adjacent June 1997. upland and breaches in the adjacent dune system are apparent. *Upon adoption of the Conservation Element Policy provides Layton Comprehensive Policy 6.a, pg.105 for presen-ation Plan, the City shall Layton Comp. Plan, of open space. establish Environmental 1998. thereby reducing Standards. Accordingly, potential develoy 103 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. the Open Space requirement shall be 100% for the following types of wetlands: a) submerged lands; b) jurisdictional mangroves; c)salt ponds d) freshwater wetlands, with a 20-foot buffer around them; and e) freshwater ponds *Upon adoption of the Comprehensive Plan, the City shall further protect its wetlands by requiring a 100% open space requirement for undisturbed salt marsh and buttonwood wetlands. The use of native plants, which tend to minimize use of water, pesticides, and fertilizer will be required in the landscaping of future developments. Coastal Element Policy 1 Lg, pg. 112 Layton Comp. Plan, 1998 *Added in response to DCA comments. Policy is currently in effect. Good policy. Should build on this and develop comprehensive landscape program for all areas in the Keys. Items with asterisks indicate those added in response to the DCA comments of February 4, 1999. 104 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Summary of Guiding Principles Codes and Standards County and municipal provisions have concentrated much effort on life safety, environmental, and building issues. Codes and standards directed at these items meet many of the goals and objectives of the Local Mitigation Strategy. Monroe County's strong building code should provide a model for governments in its jurisdiction. In order to achieve maximum effectiveness for mitigation against property loss it is best that building codes be consistent. In past years, enforcement has been difficult because of the size of the county and limited staff. However, recent efforts are focusing on improving enforcement. The governments in the county are providing more and better -trained staff. In addition, state agencies with review authority such as DCA and DEP maintain personnel in the Keys. They help in ensuring valuable resources are protected and coordinate with and assist local staff. Difficulties that have occurred . -ith the NFIP, especially in Monroe County. are currently being addressed. This should enhance protection of property. It appears that attention needs to be directed to several areas. A common problem is the extensive damage to signs that occurs during wind events. A cooperative effort to address the problem would save duplication of effort and contribute to over hazard mitigation. Additional ways to address loss of critical infrastructure should be examined. Ways to reduce economic loss from businesses and local industry disruption should be explored. Finally, the most important thing to be done is to use the experiences of Hurricane Georges and Tropical Storm Mitch to develop priorities to direct the Local Mitigation Strategy Guiding Principles. PART III. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS . - Inventory of Data, Sources, and Responsibilities Data Damage Assessments (includes public, private, and utility damage). Identifies types, locations, and costs. Sources Post -Disaster Related Situation Reports and After -Action Reports and Critiques (e.g. Hurr. Andrew, 1997 Tornadoes, Hurricane Georges, TS Mitch). NWS and NHC FEMA and DEM Responsibilities County, municipalities, School Board, utilities, and public member. I[ITb' ►w Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Economic Effects related information e.g. Damage Survey Reports (DSRs) Post -Disaster 409 Addenda and Inter - Agency Hazard Mitigation Team Reports Situation Reports and After -Action Reports Data collected by business organizations including, Chambers of Commerce, Hotel/ Motel Associations, and individual business owners, on hazard -related loss including the number of businesses affected and duration. News articles, media coverage, personal accounts Annual tax information, including losses to to tax rolls. Claims for unemployment and disaster -related Federal Unemployment Insurance Program. Post -Disaster 409 Addenda to State Hazard Mitigation Plan and Inter - Agency Hazard Mitigation Team Reports County, municipalities, and utilities. 106 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Inventory and Location of Critical Facilities and Other Important Public Infrastructure Wind Vulnerability Topographic Vulnerability Existing County and Local Critical Facilities Inventories HAZUS, FEMA loss estimation model, and related State version. National Weather Service, especially maps and studies generated after Hurricane Georges and TS Mitch. Saffir-Simpson Scale, including comparisons Florida Windstorm Underwriting Assoc. Windpool Data Information provided by NWS Offices, NEC, and Severe Storms Prediction Center. Flood Insurance Rate Maps, (FIRMS) DEP maps such as for Coastal Construction Control Line (CCCL) NWS Storm Tide Atlas Map County and municipal maps, including those in Comprehensive Plans County and municipalities Consultant County, municipalities and Consultant 107 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Local Experience State of Florida and South Florida Regional Planning Council GIS maps and other data, inventories and studies, including DEM Critical Facilities Inventory and SFRPC Strategic Regional Plans Post -Disaster 409 Addenda to State Hazard Mitigation Plan and Inter - Agency Hazard Mitigation Team Reports Demographics Comprehensive Plans County, municipalities, Planning and Social and Consultant Service Agencies US Census Data Florida Statistical Abstract, University of Florida Bathymetry NWS Storm Surge Consultant Atlas and Studies Data and maps from USGS and DEP Coastal Elements of Comprehensive Plans Hazard Historical Information NHC, historical County, hurricane and . municipalities, 108 Monroe Count` Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. flood data. and Consultant Data from Local Weather Service Offices. Newspaper accounts, books, magazine articles, etc. Personal accounts Post -Disaster 409 Addenda to State Hazard Mitigation Plan and Inter - Agency Hazard Mitigation Team Reports FEMA and DEM research and studies Flooding Potential NEC, historical County, flooding data. municipalities, and Consultant Data from local Weather Service Offices e.g. high water mark locations. Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale FEMA and DEM studies NHC Storm Surge SLOSH Model Data from South Florida Water Management District Newspaper accounts, books, magazine articles, etc. Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Social/Behavioral and Evacuation Information Personal accounts County and local engineers, Street maps, elevations, etc. Lower Southeast Florida Evacuation Studies FEMA and Corps of Engineers After Action Reports Hurricane Andrew Assessment, Review Of Hurricane Evacuation Studies Utilization and Information Dissemination, January 1993, prepared by FEMA Region IV and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, South Atlantic Division. Post -Disaster 409 Addenda to State Hazard Mitigation Plans and Inter -Agency Hazard Mitigation Team (IHMT) Reports Personal Accounts Newspaper Accounts Red Cross, Salvation Army, Consultant 110 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. other voluntary agencies Level of Participation in National County and Community County and Flood Insurance Program (N TIP) Flood Plain Managers municipalities and Community Rating System (CRS) Substantial and Repetitive Loss Data Construction Techniques and Past or Current Problems County Property Appraiser FEMA and Federal Insurance Administration (FIA) Florida DCA, DEM Identification of pre - FIRM construction (prior to 1974). County and Community Flood Plain Managers FEMA Community Assessment Visits (CAV's) and NFIP Community Status Reports FEMA and State generated Studies and Data County and Municipal Building Departments 409 Addenda to State Hazard Mitigation Plan and Inter -agency Hazard Mitigation Team (IHMT) Reports State of Florida Uniform Building Code Initiative, including, impact from adoption of County and municipalities County, municipalities, Ed Borysiewicz, Building Official, Key Colony Beach, and Annalise M.- Lachner, Asst. City Engineer, Key West. Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second DeliNerables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Effectiveness of Enforcement of Codes and Standards Location of Native Landscape and Natural Buffers Types and Locations of Areas of Special Concern e.g. historic properties, beaches, parks, and marine facilities (marines, moorings, etc.). State Code in 2,001. Changes to Dade County Building Codes and Materials Standards Post Hurricane Andrew Comprehensive Plan Evaluation and Appraisal Reports (EARS) Significant changes in the last five years to enforcement practices and/or Codes and Standards NFIP enforcement review Newspaper Accounts County and Municipal Comprehensive Plans and Maps State Department of Environmental Protection County and Municipal Planning Agencies Department of Communitv Affairs Local botanical societies County and Municipal Comprehensive Plans and Maps County and municipalities County, municipalities and DEP Working Group Rep. 112 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Memb= comments. Zoning Maps Chambers of Commerce US Coast Guard and Florida Marine Patrol Historic Preservation Boards and Societies FIU/FAU Joint Center for Environmental and Urban Planning, Post -Storm Re - Development Policy for Beachfront Areas Identification of Private Sector Interests Currently, the private sector interests represented on the Monroe County LMS Working Group are the two power utilities that serve the county, the Florida Keys Electric Coop and City Electric. Because the loss of electricity is such a critical issue in Monroe County it was essential that these agencies participate in the Group. They are active and valuable members. (Since this was. first written representation 'of the Local Mitigation Strategy; Working Group has been greatly,exparided to include members. from the public and private sector. This identified in the amended list of Working Group members beginning' on page 5 of this document.) In addition to the above, the LMS Working Group discussed adding more private interests. These include the Hotel/Motel Association, one or several of the Chambers of Commerce, and the Monroe County Commercial Fishermen of the Florida Keys. These agencies represent important interests in the county since tourism; fishing and diving are the major industries. Subsequent to re%iew of the Hurricane Georges and Tropical Storm Mitch disaster experiences, the Group will determine the most appropriate private agency (ies) to join the Working Group. Ac_ency(ies) will be contacted to determine interest. After the initiation of the second LMS project deliverables period (January 1, 1999), a new private member or members will be added to the Group. 113 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Procedures to Prioritize Municipal and County Mitigation Initiatives The following criteria have been selected and prioritized by the Working Group to evaluate mitigation initiatives. Weighting factors have been assigned to certain criteria. Other criteria are included to provide necessary project information. The Local Mitigation Strategy is a "work in progress". As such, the Working Group may make adjustments to this section as the process continues. 1. 2. 3. Recommended Local Mitigation Strategy Project Evaluation and Prioritization Criteria Meeting LMS Goals. and Objectives (Consistency with Guiding Principles) And Number of Goal(s) met- Points awarded from Goals and Objectives List to a maximum of 150 points. Percentage of population served by the project (permanent population) - 20 points if up to 10%. served, .40 points if up to 25%, 60 points if up to 40% 80 points if up to 656/o, 100 points if up to 80%, 130 points. if. up to 100%0. priorities to a maximum of l.10 p(o 4. CostEffectiveness Based on Co LMS Cnte na provided below*). 1 thereafter r each increase will recer awarded from Hazard List s developed by the applicant using ,U ieceive 20;points, points e.g. 1' to 2 ratio will receive 20T points.,etc.) 5. *Economic -Benefits.- 30 points if economic benefit is demonstrated 6 "Social Benefits 20 points if social benefit ns demonstrated. 7 Envronmental Benefits — 20 points if environmental benefit is demonstrated. Tnrie Frame - 20.-! Mrits if 6 months' or less l0 points if 6_ months to one year. 5 points nfone to two years: 0`poirits if more thantwo years. 9 FinancialFeasibility` Yes/No 10 : `' Technical feasibiility - Yes/No 1 L Funding Availability.7 Yes/No, 12 Legal Authority — Yes/No 13.1 Consistency with Plans, Codes, Ordinances, Policies, etc. - Yes/No *Economic :Benefits are those that would'stabilize ofreduce loss.of economic functions such as business operations. For, example, such a benefit would accrue from a project to improve debris removal and reduce the time needed, for. businesses to become accessible to their customers. **S66al Benefits are those that contribute to the .general welfare:of the population, such as installmg sliutters{m a community center to protect rt from damage, or projects that reduce lii"4 impacts u{-p iblic parrs: 114 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Monroe County LMS Goals and Objectives 1. Preservation and Sustainability of Life Health, Safety and Welfare (most important 90-0 50 points 2. Preservation of Infrastructure From Hazard -Related Damage, including • Utilities • Power • Water • Sewer • Communications 30 points 3. Minimize Damage and Maintain Roads and Bridges During a Disaster, including • Traffic Signals • Street Signs 3.0 points 4.. Protection of Critical Facilities From Hazard -Related Damage, including • Public Bufldings/Schools 10 points Preservation of Property and Assets From Future Losses. 10 points 6.� Preservation di Economy During Times -of Disaster, uding • Business Viability 10 points 7. Preservation and Protection of the Environment • Natural • Historic 10 points 115 Monroe Counry Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Elements for LMS Cost/Benefit Analysis Land -Based, Construction and/or Equipment Projects 1. Estimated Project Cost: 2. Expected Useful Life of the Project 3. Frequency of the hazard the project is designed to address, and if applicable accumulated cost of past repairs from emergency events both declared and undeclared 4. Estimate of direct and indirect benefits • Casualties —Estimate the number of deaths and injuries, which could be avoided by the mitigation action. • Damage —Estimate the amount of physical damage for both structural and non- structural portions of the project. • Contents Damage —Provide an estimate of the physical damage to a building's contents. • Displacement Cost —Estimate the projected amount of rental and other costs incurred when the facility is not in use. 5. Monetary Value • Assign a dollar value to primary,damage; :including contents. • Assign dollar values, to ancillary damage such as social.benefits, environmental damage, and loss of function. 6. Disaster Frequency=Document the years of repeated occurrence of the hazard,also indicate declared disasters. 7 = .• 'Determine cost/bene`fit_ ratio and uiclu e n project. proposal lion -Contraction Proj�ects,.e g PyanningtiStudies,.Maps, P btic'Inforili on and Education, 'etc; 1. Estimated Project Cost: 2. Frequency of the hazard the project is designed to address, and if applicable accumulated cost of past repairs from emergency events both declared and undeclared 3. Estimate of direct and indirect benefits Describe Economic Benefits of project and provide approximate percentage of benefits. Describe Social Benefits, of project and provideapproximate percentage of benefits. (For example, studies relating to .ways to address disaster -related business loss niay Have 100% economic benefit, etc.) am Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Describe Environmental Benefits of project and provide approximate percentage of benefits. 4. Disaster Frequency Document the years of repeated occurrence of the hazard also indicate declared disasters. 5. Determine cost/benefit ratio 117 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Monroe County LMS Working, Group Hazards List Priorities And Evaluation Points 1. Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather — 20 points • Floods • Tornadoes • Wind 2. Utility Outages/Disruption — 15 points • Electric Power • Water • Sanitation 3. Transportation Disruption — 10 points 4. Economic Emergencies —10 points 5. Communications Disruption 10 points 6. Mass Immigration — 5 points 7. Hazardous Materials Incidents — 5 points 8. Coastal Oil Spills - 5 points 9. Radiological Emergencies — 5 points 10. Epidemiological Emergencies — 5 points 11. Drought — 5 points 12. Wild land Fires — 5 points 13. Terrorism/Civil Disturbance — 5 points 14. Military Conflict — 5 points 118 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. The following represents the Working Group Hazards List revised pursuant to the Hazard Identification analysis. The category of Wild Land Fires was moved from number 12 to number 7. The point value assigned to this hazard did not change. Monroe County LMS Worldne Group Hazards List (revised pursuant to Hazard Identification Process. October 1999) l . Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather — 20 points • Floods • Tornadoes • Wind 2. Utility Outages/Disruption — 15 points - • Electric Power • Water • Sanitation 1- Transportation Disruption —10 points 4.. Economic Emergencies -10 points 5. Communications Disruption 10 points 6 Mass Immigration 5'points T , Wild Land Fires14 — 5 points {Hazardous Mafenals Incidents ffi- infs 9 Coastal Oil. Spills 5'points 10 Radiological`Einergencies - 5 points 11. Epidemiological Emergencies — 5 points 12 Drought - 5. points 13! Terrorism/Civil Disturbance 5 points 14 Military Conflict — 5 points 119 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. After the completion of the Evaluation Process, the projects receiving the highest total points will be given preference for LMS Working Group recommendation. Hypothetical Examples: Scores are based on "Procedures to Prioritize Municipal and County Mitigation Initiatives". Example Number 1: Proposal to conduct professional county -wide study to determine the short and long-term effects of saltwater on local landscaping, including recommendations for ways to prevent future vegetation loss- 1. Meeting LMS Goals and Objectives (Consistency with Guiding Principles) Points awarded from Goals and Objectives List to a maximum of 150 points. Project meets Preservation of'Property and Assets, Preservation of the Economy— 20 points 2. Percentage of people served by the project (permanent population)'— Percentage of people served — 100% of county population 130 points 3. Type and Number. of Hazards Addressed. — Number of points awarded from Hazard List Priorities. Addresses Hazard #1 for 20 points and Hazard #I2_ for 5 points - 25 points 4. ;' Cost Effectiveness Based on CostBenefit Analysis'developed byalie"applicant using LMS.Criteria provided below*) A ratio of,l to 1 will receive 10 points, thereafter, each increase re willceive an,,' addrtiona110 point`s e.g. 1 to; 2'ratio will receive 20 points, cost benefitatio' 30;pomts 5. Economic`Benefrts 30 you is � economic benefit rs demonstrated Project is designed to ><dentify means of preserving landscape a vital part of't)e county's allure for.tourism 30�pomts 6 , Social Benefits 0 �omts if social benefit qs demonstrated -. the entire Key's society could benefit�fro�"rofectao county vegetation Y20 points r R. t 3,ttrmsr 7 s �. , Environme�<Bene 20Kints f environmental beuefit;Ls de•�nonstrated =saving i� trees andplansca1 to�nvronment: M 8 Tme Frame '� 20 points if 6 months or less ,10'pomts ff 6' months to one year. 5 points if to two years ',0 points if more tlian twoyears. Project time frame is two7,77 years = 5 points 9 Financial Feasibty Yes/No Yes 10 Techmcal Feasibility ,Yes/No Yes 1 L,. Funding Availability .',Yes/No - Yes 12 Legal'Atithority:;— Yes/No Yes 13. Consistency with Plans, Codes`Ordinances, ,Policies, etc.'-Yes/No Yes Total Number of Points =280 120 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Elements for LMS Cost/Benefit Analysis Non -Construction Projects, e.g. Planning Studies, Maps, Public Information and Education, etc. Example #1: Proposal to conduct professional countywide study to determine the short and long-term effects of salt water on local landscaping. The study will include recommendations for prevention of future loss of vegetation. 1. Estimated Project Cost: $30,000 2. Frequency of the hazard the project is designed to address, and if applicable accumulated cost of past repairs from emergency events both declared and undeclared Local vegetation is affected by salt -water spray in events involving high winds, especially hurricanes and serious storms. This problem occurred from Hurricane Georges, September 1998 and Tropical Storm Mitch, November 1998' and will occur 'in any future wind event. Such events have a high frequency of occurrence. 3. Estimate- of direct and: indirect benefits 4 Disaster Frequency Document the years of repeated occurrence of the hazard also :. indicate declared disasters. — Hurncane Andrew, Augus0992,Hurricane Georges, 8eptember<:1998,'andTropical Storm'Mitch;'November 1998 an occur in any future wind event: Such events have a high -frequency of occurrence; 5. Provide dollar value estimate of long-term benefit Determining a means to protect or prevent negative effects of salt water oncounty vegetation could result in saving approximately $1 million dollars of lost landscaping. 6., Determine cost/benefit ratio (divide project cost by benefit. -Cost) -1/3 121 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Example Number 2 - Proposal by Municipality X to install emergency generators in all local business establishments within the municipality's jurisdiction. 1. Meeting LMS Goals and Objectives (Consistency with Guiding Principles) Points awarded from Goals and Objectives List to a maximum of 150 points. Project meets Preservation of Property and Assets and Preservation of the Economy — 20 points 2. Percentage of people served by the project (permanent population) — Percentage of people served — 100% of municipal population — 130 points 3. Type and Number of Hazards Addressed. — Number of points awarded from Hazard List Priorities. Addresses Hazard #1 for 20 points, Hazard #2 for 15 points, and Hazard #6 for 10 points — 45 points 4. Cost Effectiveness - Based on Cost/Benefit Analysis developed by the applicant using LMS Criteria provided below*). A ratio of 1 to 1 will receive 10 points, thereafter, each increase will receive an additional 10 points e.g. 1 to 2 ratio will receive 20 points, etc.) —1/3 cost benefit ratio = 30 points 5. Economic Benefits 30 points if economic benefit is demonstrated — Project is designed_ to identify means of preventing business closures from power losses after a disaster. - 30 points 6. Social Benefits - 20 points if social benefit is demonstrated - If businesses could remain open this would assist the local population by providing stores, restaurants, etc. for them to use following a disaster. —20 points 7. Environmental Benefits —20 points if environmental benefit is demonstrated — No environmental benefits — 0 points. 8. Time Frame - 20 points if 6 months or less. 10 points if 6 months to one year. 5 points if one to two years. 0 points if more than two years. — Project time frame is six months — 20 points 9. Financial Feasibility Yes/No - Yes 10. Technical Feasibility Yes/No - Yes 11. Funding Availability — Yes/No - Yes 12. Legal Authority — Yes/No- Yes 13. Consistency with Plans, Codes, Ordinances, Policies, etc. - Yes/No- Yes Total Number of Points = 295 122 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. Elements for LMS Cost/Benefit Analysis Land Based, Construction and/or Equipment Projects Example #2: Proposal by Municipality X to install emergency generators in all local business establishments within the municipality's jurisdiction 1. Estimated Project Cost: $750,000 2. Expected Useful Life of the Project — 20 years 3. Frequency of the hazard the project is designed to address, and if applicable accumulated cost of past repairs from emergency events both declared and undeclared — Municipal power outages are likely to occur from high winds, especially hurricanes, serious storms, and tornadoes. This problem occurred from the tornadoes that occurred in 1997, Hurricane Georges, September 1998 and Tropical Storm Mitch, November 1998 and will occur in any future wind event. Such events have a high frequency of occurrence. 4. Estimate of direct. and indirect benefits • Casualties Estimate the number of deaths and injuries, which could be avoided by the mitigation action. on..- • Damage -Estimate the amount of.physical damage for both structural and non- structural portions of the prcje�&, 0 • Contents Damage -Provide an estimate of physical damage to a building's contents'.- 0 • ' Displacement Cost Estimate the projected amount of rental and other costs mcurred when the facility is no1n use. — If businesses could not beused for two weeks following an event because of lack of power, estimated economic losses for municipal%businesses are' approximately $1 million 5. Monetary Value Assign a dollar value to primary damage, including contents. - 0 Assign dollar values to ancillary damage such as social benefits, environmental damage, and loss of function: $1.5 million including economic loss and social benefit to residents. 6. Disaster Frequency ', Document the years of repeated occurrence of the hazard also indicate declared disasters. This problem occurred from the tornadoes that occurred in 1997, Hurricane Georges, September 1998 and Tropical Storm Mitch, November 1998 and will occur in any future wind event. All of these events resulted in declared disasters. 123 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, 1998-1999, First and Second Deliverables as revised as per DCA and Working Group Member comments. 7. Determine cost benefit ratio (divide costs by benefits dollar) value and include in project proposal. - $750,000 divided by2,500,000 = 1/3 124 MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY (LMS) THIRD AND FOURTH DELIVERABLES OCT'OBER 3191999 Prepared by the Monroe Couuty Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group And Janice Drewiug Consulting, P.A. plantation Key, FL F.v 490 63`d Street Ocean Suite 150 Marathon, FL 33050 Bus: (305) 289-6018 Fax: (305) 289-6333 MEMORANDUM DATE: March 30, 2000 TO: County Attorney THROUGH: Irene Toner Director, Emergency Management FROM: Jerry O'Cathey Planning Coordinator SUBJECT: MLS Agenda Item Summary Enclosed are the third and fourth deliverables of the Local Mitigation Strategy. Cc: Reggie Paros 0 Revised 3/99 BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY Meeting Date: April 19-20, 2000 Division: Public Safetv Bulk Item: Yes ® No ❑ Department: Emergency Management AGENDA ITEM WORDING: Third and fourth deliverables of the Local Mitigation Strate ITEM BACKGROUND: Hazard Mitigation Grants and Flood Mitigation Grants from the Florida State Departm ent of Community Affairs are contingent on formal adoption of the LMS by the BOCC PREVIOUS RELEVANT BOCC ACTION: AARproval of original original LMS contract April, 1998; Approval of extensions to original contract May 1999; Dec. 1998; Aug. 1998; and October 1998 STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Approval. TOTAL COST: $50,000 BUDGETED: Yes ❑ No ❑ N/A COST TO COUNTY: $00 REVENUE PRODUCING: Yes ❑ No ® AMOUNT PER MONTH YEAR APPROVED BY: COUNTY ATTY ❑ OMB/PURCHASING ❑ RISK MANAGEMENT ❑ DIVISION DIRECTOR APPROVAL: DIVISION DIRECTOR NAME: DOCUMENTATION: INCLUDED: ® TO FOLLOW: ❑ NOT REQUIRED: ❑ DISPOSITION: AGENDA ITEM #: Revised 3/99 BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY Meeting Date: April 19-20, 2000 Division: Public Safety Bulk Item: Yes ® No ❑ Department: Emergency Mana eg ment AGENDA ITEM WORDING: Third and fourth deliverables of the Local Mitigation Strate ITEM BACKGROUND: Hazard Mitigation Grants and Flood Mitigation Grants from the Florida State Department of Community Affairs are contingent on formal adoption of the LMS by the BOCC PREVIOUS RELEVANT BOCC ACTION: Approval of original LMS contract April, 1998; Approval of extensions to original contract May 1999, Dec. 1998, Aug. 1998: and October 1998 STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Approval. TOTAL COST: $50,000 COST TO COUNTY: $0 REVENUE PRODUCING: Yes ❑ No BUDGETED: Yes ❑ No ❑ N/A AMOUNT PER MONTH YEAR APPROVED BY: COUNTY ATTY ❑ OMB/PURCHASING ❑ RISK MANAGEMENT ❑ DMSION DIRECTOR APPROVAL: DIVISION DIRECTOR NAME: DOCUMENTATION: INCLUDED: ® TO FOLLOW: ❑ NOT REQUIRED: ❑ DISPOSITION: AGENDA ITEM #: Revised 3/99 BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY Meeting Date: April 19-20, 2000 Division: Public Safety Bulk Item: Yes ® No ❑ Department: Emergency Management AGENDA ITEM WORDING: Third and fourth deliverables of the Local Mitigation Strate ITEM BACKGROUND: Hazard Mitigation Grants and Flood Mitigation Grants from the Florida State Department of Community Affairs are contingent on formal adoption of the LMS by the BOCC PREVIOUS RELEVANT BOCC ACTION: Approval of original LMS contract April, 1998; Approval of extensions to original contract May 1999: Dec. 1998; Aug. 1998, and October 1998 STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Approval. TOTAL COST: $50,000 BUDGETED: Yes ❑ No ❑ N/A COST TO COUNTY: $0 REVENUE PRODUCING: Yes ❑ No ® AMOUNT PER MONTH YEAR APPROVED BY: COUNTY ATTY ❑ OMB/PURCHASING ❑ RISK MANAGEMENT ❑ DIVISION DIRECTOR APPROVAL: DIVISION DIRECTOR NAME: DOCUMENTATION: INCLUDED: ® TO FOLLOW: ❑ NOT REQUIRED: ❑ DISPOSITION: AGENDA ITEM #: MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY (LMS) THIRD AND FOURTH DELIVERABLES OCTOBER 319 1999 Prepared by the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group And Janice Drewing Consulting, P.A. Plantation Key, FL Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY (LMS) THIRD AND FOURTH DELIVERABLES OCTOBER 319 1999 Prepared by the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) Working Group And Janice Drewing Consulting, P.A. Plantation Key, FL The Local Mitigation Strategy is prepared pursuant to the Florida Department of Community Affairs (DCA) document, "The Local Mitigation Strategy: A Guidebook for Florida Cities and Counties". KNIMMMA 77771 Efi `6 � � •7.�r."Y• ' is �. a1'NEram'?_ r � J o i y Al 1 _ a z' rr, rr dam`.-' a�:'�: � �- '% �� ' �=ar �,.�s A'�i"".JE '� 3 _ � � �• �^�- '� 1 -0 rf I. M t mikf —mad r. 's� e'�' � �fy�•C � .�•�• t 3 r ems. �f ,ems MAN, � - i --mems� '{r rd ,.2..T s,k�"'''�p� � .y N•:y�•f� �'£t-. �. Y Table of Contents Introduction Pages 1-2. GIS and Mapping Section - Multi -Hazard Maps - Critical Facilities/Haz-Mat Sites - Repetitive Loss Properties - Historical Flood Data Part IL Vulnerability Assessment (VA) Pages 26-107. 4 - VA Summary pages 102-103. Municipal Profiles at end of document - VA Risk Analysis pages 104-106A. - Post Script page 107. Mitigation Initiatives pages 108-1U. - Project Descriptions pages 109-154. - Project Rankings and Scores pages 155-158. - Related Non -County or municipal Projects pages 159-162. Q 730508 Reorder No. Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 INTRODUCTION Early in the Mitigation Strategy process, the Working Group developed a hazard list using sample exercises provided by the Department of Community Affairs. The list is shown below: Monroe County LMS Working Group Hazards List 1. Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather • Floods • Tornadoes/Waterspouts • Wind 2. Utility Outages/Disruption • Electric Power • Water • Sanitation 3. Transportation Disruption 4. Economic Emergencies 5. Communications Disruption 6. Mass Immigration 7. Hazardous Materials Incidents 8. Coastal Oil Spills 9. Radiological Emergencies 10. Epidemiological Emergencies 11. Drought 12. Wild Land Fires 13. Terrorism/Civil Disturbance 14. Military Conflict Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 The purpose of this section of the Mitigation Strategy is to validate and/or revise the original hazard list. (If changes.are made to the hazard list the prioritization value assigned to each hazard will be revised accordingly.) This will be done by providing detailed information to identify hazards threatening people, property, and government operations in Monroe County, determining why they are threats, and assessing their likelihood of occurring. The Vulnerability Analysis that follows this section will determine the vulnerability of the County and municipalities to the identified hazards and evaluate their impacts. To assist in the evaluation process, the hazards and effects identified by the Working Group are organized in the Hazard Analysis Matrix shown below. Hazards are listed by category and types of impacts expected. Hazard CateeOry Impacts: Wind/Water/Power/Roadways/Pot.Water/Sanitarylrelecommunications/Health&Safety/Econonic-Social/Enviromnent Natural Tropical Cyclones, x x x x x x x x x x Hurricanes, x x x x x x x x x x Tropical Storms, x x x x x x x x x x Tropical Depressions, x x x x x x x x x x Other Severe Weather x x x x x x x x x x e.g. Tornadoes/Water Spouts x x x x x x x x x x Drought/ x x x x x Extreme Temperatures x x x x x x Wild Land Fires x x x x x x Epidemiological Emergencies x x x x x Technoloeical Utilities Disruption x x x x x x x Transportation Disruption x x x x Economic Emergencies x x x Communications Disruption x x x x x Hazardous Materials Incidents x x x x x Coastal Oil Spills x x x Radiological Emergencies x x x x x Societal Mass Immigration x x x x x Terrorism/Civil Disturbance x x x x x x x Military Conflict x x x x x x x Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 PART I• HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (HI) To identify the types of hazards prevalent in Monroe County, the Working Group used several sources. These include, the hazard list which they developed, significant hazards identified in the Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Plan, (CEMP), incident reports provided by Monroe County Emergency Management, and resources, including the "Monroe County Hurricane Andrew 409 Addendum" for the State Hazard Mitigation Plan, news articles, and interviews. Natural Hazards 1. Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather • Floods • Tornadoes/Water Spouts • Wind It is not difficult to identify the primary natural hazards affecting the Florida Keys. Most of the people who live here have experienced minor and/or major effects from weather events. As discussed earlier, the Working Group's Hazard List identified Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather and their related effects; floods, tornadoes, and wind as the most significant and likely hazards to occur in Monroe County. This is well substantiated by historical data, which will be discussed in the Vulnerability Assessment section of the Mitigation Strategy. The 1998 Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CENT), prepared by Monroe County Emergency Management, acknowledges Tropical Cyclones as a primary hazard. It states, "the Florida Keys has one of the highest probabilities of being affected by tropical cyclones in the Continental United States". With regard to Hurricanes, Tropical Storms and Severe Weather, the Plan explains that, "Monroe County has been named by the National Hurricane Center as one of the areas most prone to the effects of tropical cyclones. Severe weather is often localized to a specific area due to the geographical makeup of the Keys". The Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan provides the following description for the hazards of "Storms, Lightning, and Tornadoes". "Not only does Monroe County experience the yearly threat of ocean borne waterspouts becoming land borne tornadoes, but also severe thunder storms and lightning, thereby threatening the population and property interests of Monroe County. The County's vulnerability to wind is compounded by high concentrations of mobile home residents in various county locations". In addition the low topography of the Keys makes them subject to storm surge. 9 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard ldentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 The Plan's description of flooding states, "most of Monroe County has a natural elevation of 4 to 7 feet above mean sea level and is subject to storm surge flooding during hurricanes and heavy rains". The "Monroe County 409 Addendum for Hurricane Andrew" (developed for the State Hazard Mitigation Plan) noted that, "the most serious threats to life and property in Monroe County are those which would occur from a tropical system such as a tropical storm or hurricane". The majority of incident reports maintained by Monroe County Emergency Management for the last five years relate to events dealing with severe weather. Three of the reported incidents resulted in presidential disaster declarations. The first occurred on February 2, 1998 and involved multiple tornado touchdowns resulting from severe thunderstorms characterized by dangerous cells with high, cold cloud tops. According to " Florida Hazardous Weather, a Preparedness Guide", published by the Florida Department of Community Affairs (DCA) the vast majority of tornado deaths occur during the fall, winter, and spring season when stronger dynamics are present in the atmosphere capable of producing `supercell'/mesocyclone thunderstorms". The event is referred to as the "Ground Hog's Day" Storm. Areas most affected were primarily in the Middle Keys including Grassy Key and Valhalla Beach in the vicinity of Duck Key. Several buildings were damaged. Also significant problems occurred from the displacement of lobster traps which contributed to seaborne debris and navigational problems. The commercial fishing industry (mostly lobster and stone crab) suffered considerable loss of income. The second reportable incident that resulted in a disaster declaration was Hurricane Georges, which made landfall in the Lower Keys on Friday, September 25, 1998. Hard hit areas included Marathon (Mile -Marker 50) south to Key West. All areas in the County experienced some effects from Georges. The most recent damage loss estimate (September 1999), including insurable, uninsurable, and infrastructure loss is nearly $300 million. Additional information on the economic (including the commercial fishing industry), physical, and meteorological effects will be described in the Vulnerability Assessment section of the Mitigation Strategy. Tropical Storm Mitch that affected the Keys on Wednesday and Thursday, November 4 and 5, 1998 is the third reportable incident that warranted a Presidential disaster declaration. The storm proved quite serious for the Upper Keys and spawned several damaging tornadoes. According to the Department of Community Affairs, as of September 1999 damage estimates were nearly $11,000,000. Another significant weather event occurred on July 4, 1998. Severe thunderstorms with lightning and high winds came up quickly in the Middle Keys. The Weather Service Office in (we Key West recorded wind speeds up to 70 mph sustained. Because it was July 4`' many boats a Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 were offshore celebrating and waiting for the fireworks. Sadly, there was a boat capsized, which resulted in a fatality. Although, this event did not warrant a presidential disaster declaration, it did result in loss of life. In addition to events that occurred within the last five years, portions of Monroe County, especially Upper Key Largo, including the up -scale community of Ocean Reef, were seriously affected by Hurricane Andrew, which occurred on August 24, 1992. Due to damage and related economic, social, utility, communications, and transportation problems from Andrew, Monroe County received a Presidential Disaster declaration for the event. The information provided above confirms the prudent decision of the Working Group to designate Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather and their related effects, floods, tornadoes/water spouts, and wind as the most important hazards facing Monroe County. Much of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment section of the Mitigation Strategy is therefore focused on the determination of vulnerability and risk related to these events. Accordingly, most mitigation initiatives are directed at addressing problems deriving from severe weather. 2. Drought/Extreme Temperatures Drought The 1998 "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan" (CEMP) defines drought as "a prolonged period of dry weather during which there is an inadequate supply of water to meet water demands." It continues that, "this prolonged lack of water can have severe effects on people animals, and plants." It is noted that this situation could result in massive impact to life and property and could severely affect commerce. "Lack of rainfall and adequate water supply could result in health problems for humans, animals, and vegetation. Regulations and water restrictions may force residents to stop the waste of any potable water or water supply". (From CEMP) The Keys are normally characterized by an and climate. Native vegetation is acclimated to such conditions. Of course, dry conditions do increase the potential for wildfires. However, situations requiring water usage restrictions have occurred over the last several years. Annalise Mannix-Lachner, Key West member of the Working Group, noted that water restrictions were placed on the City in November 1990. In addition, Working Group member, Jim Martin, City Administrator of Layton, noted that water restrictions were in place for his community in the mid- 1990's. Based on these instances provided by the Working Group there were two incidents related to low rainfall that required local water restrictions. Therefore, for the ten-year period of the 1990's the frequency of drought was 20%. However, staff of the Key West Weather Service felt that since the effects of the drought periods in the Keys have not been prolonged or widespread, they did not consider droughts to be a serious hazard for Monroe County. Residents of the Keys are very aware of the need for water conservation. Because the County is supplied with water from the mainland, people living here are cognizant 5 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard ldentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 of its potential scarcity and understand the importance of prudent water use on a regular basis. Measures such as encouraging native vegetation and using various types of ground covers in place of lawns contribute to reducing water consumption. Compared to other counties in South Florida, Monroe County's per capita water use is at or below average in most areas. Extreme Temperatures According to the County's Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, "the County's lowest temperatures occur from late November to early March with the peak number of events happening in January. The Plan cites that "the lowest temperature on record provided by the National Weather Service, Key West was on January 31, 1981, with a low temperature of 35 degrees Fahrenheit at Coral Key Village Mile -Marker 63, on Conch Key in the Middle Keys. The winter of 1981 was an especially cold one with Key West experiencing temperatures in the low `40's. Because of the climatological and meteorological characteristics of the Keys, freezes are not a threat. The greatest effect of an unusually low temperature would be a resulting low wind chill factor. Several Wind Chill Advisories issued by the National Weather Service were included in the incident reports provided by Emergency Management as background materials for the Mitigation Strategy. Although, extreme temperatures relating to heat and cold should not be considered a serious hazard for Monroe County, in the twenty-year period from 1977-1997 three-(3) temperature related deaths occurred. Two deaths were attributed to cold and one to heat. (From National Weather Service, Miami.) 3. Wild Land Fires The Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan notes that the threat of brush and wild land fires is minimal for the majority of Monroe County with the exception of Everglades National Park, located in mainland Monroe, and Big Pine and Sugarloaf Keys in the Lower Keys. Information provided the Florida Department of Forestry indicates that while wild land and brush fires are not a major and frequent hazard, they may occur more often than supposed. However, most of the fires are small and contained quickly. There have been times when the situation was more serious. For example, due to very dry conditions there was a fire in mid - April of 1999 on Big Pine Key that involved 7 acres. Fortunately, no homes were lost but some residences were in jeopardy for a short time. The Forestry Department indicated that areas prone to wild and brush fires in Monroe County include Big Pine Key, Grassy Key, Sugarloaf Key, and Big Coppitt Key. A primary cause of fires is arson, especially vandalism by school age children. Other factors that contribute to fires are high winds and droughts, lightening, carelessness, and accidents. Problems can also occur, especially in storms, when vegetation located too close to utility lines brings down sparking, 6 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 live wires. This can be remedied by prudent trimming of trees in rights -of -way and close to power lines. Dry brush from hurricane debris is a potential fire hazard. In fact, a fire occurred on 24t' Street in Big Pine because of brush debris left from Hurricane Georges. Traditionally, fires in the Everglades can cause problems with road closings but are not often a threat to residential properties. However, they often affect the 18-mile stretch of US1 connecting the Monroe and Dade Counties, which has a history of disruption due to wild fires. The following preventive measures are recommended by Forestry: • Educational programs, especially for children. • Clearing of brush, particularly vegetation close to buildings. • Cleaning out gutters. • Timely disposal of household debris, particularly mattresses. • Development of ordinances dealing with removal of brush and potentially dangerous vegetative materials, especially during dry spells and during hurricane season, and rapid removal of storm debris. • When residential property is threatened by fire, the roof and yard should be wet down to provide protection. • Monroe County has a program for training and certifying volunteer fire departments in wild land fire fighting. Although, the Forestry Service in the Keys is being provided with new equipment, there are �w concerns about reduction of manpower (there are currently only two rangers serving all of Monroe County) and the need to restore program funding that had been reduced. This discussion of the Wild Land Fire hazard in Monroe County shows that while it is not a major problem for the Keys, its ranking in the Mitigation Strategy hazard list should be raised. The list will be revised to show Wild Land Fires as #7 on the list instead of #12. Other hazards will drop in rank accordingly. This change does not affect the prioritization evaluation point value (5 points) assigned to this hazard. 3. Epidemiological Emergencies Through the Working Group's discussions and information provided by the Group representative from the Monroe County Health Department, Stephanie Walters, it was determined that epidemiological emergencies have not been a significant threat for Monroe County. Fortunately, infectious disease outbreaks have not occurred in recent history. The possibility of such situations however, could be increased as a result of a severe storm or a mass immigration incident. In such cases, local health department personnel would be augmented by state and mutual aid resources (such as Dade County). Provisions needed to address the problem i.e. inoculations and other medications and necessary precautions and protocols would be instituted. 7 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Technological Hazards 1. Utility Outages/Disruption • Electric Power • Water • Sanitation Serious utility outages such as those that could occur from severe weather may lead to harmful service disruption. If these are sustained over significant periods of time they may negatively affect public health, welfare, and safety and create economic problems. Utility disruptions may occur for other reasons such as equipment failure and generating problems. Electric Power Hurricane Andrew Due to the loss of the Florida Power and Light Company's (FPL) electrical tie line in Dade County, Monroe County (approximately 78,000 residents) was without power or on limited power for approximately two weeks. The Florida Keys Electric Cooperative reported a $130,000 loss of utility poles and related infrastructure. Hurricane Georges Significant disruption of electric power, especially in the Lower Keys, occurred as a result of Hurricane Georges. Damage to transformers, power poles, and transmission lines was responsible for widespread power outages, especially in areas serviced by Key West City Electric System. Power was restored on a priority basis with efforts directed at hospitals and critical services. According to news accounts in the Miami Herald, "about 60% of electricity was restored between September 25"' to October 1 '. Most electricity was reestablished within two weeks; however, as with most disasters, restoration in the hardest hit areas progressed more slowly. Power outages created major economic loss to Key businesses that are heavily dependent on the tourist trade. Key West was not opened to visitors until October 9, 1998. Business losses accrued daily. The October l' Miami Herald noted that one owner of a Key West Bed and Breakfast claimed losing $3,500 a day. Disaster -related unemployment, primarily due to the lack of electricity was significant because of loss of jobs in the service industry. 8 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 The following information regarding electric power outages in Monroe County was provided by the Florida Keys Electric Cooperative and Key West City Electric System. The Florida Key Electric Cooperative serves primarily the Upper Keys to Marathon. FLORIDA KEYS ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE OUTAGE HISTORY FROM 1991-1998 FROM ACTUAL RECORDS AVERAGE YEAR POWER SUPPLY* PRE -ARRANGED STORM** ALL OTHER***TOTAL OURS 1991 0.01 0.03 0.0 1.65 1.69 1992 0.06 0.05 40.35 4.28 44.74 1993 0.04 0.06 0.17 1.43 1.70 1994 1.93 0.09 0.05 1.31 3.38 1995 1.47 0.12 0.00 1.11 2.70 1996 0.00 0.07 0.00 1.39 1.46 1997 0.04 0.02 0.00 3.73 3.79 1998 0.01 0.40 12.35 3.91 28.00 * 1995 Figure Represents Outages Due to Two Instances of Substation Vandalism W094 Figure Represents Outages Due to Multiple Transmission Insulator Failures ** 1998 Figure Includes Hurricane Georges 1994 Figure is Due to Tropical Storm Gordon 1993 Figure is Due to the "Storm of the Century", March 1993 1992 Figure is Due to Hurricane Andrew *** 1998 Figure Includes 2-98 Storm (Ground Hog's Day Storm) (Crawl Key Tornado), The Ocean Reef Cable Failure, and Service Repairs. 1997 Figure Includes Marathon Substation Transformer 2 and Lightning Arrestor Failures E Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 The Key West City Electric System serves Marathon through Key West. Distribu tion (UP to •: MMIN ■■ ■■ �■ ■� ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■I ■■ �■ ■1 ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■I ■■ NEM MENMEN According to information provided by City Electric, during Hurricane Oeorges the total City Electric System was out from Marathon to Key West. The system went down on September 25, 1998. Most service was up by October 8, 1998; especially hard hit areas took longer to restore. Because of the potential for loss of commercial power in Monroe County the installation of emergency generators is recommended. Water The "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan" explains that, "Monroe County receives approximately 42 inches of rainfall per year. While the Upper Keys tend to receive more rainfall than the Lower Keys, there are virtually no fresh water sources in the Upper Keys due to characteristics of the underlying limestone base rock. Some small fresh water lenses exist in the Lower Keys, primarily in Big Pine Key and Key West. Consequently, virtually all -potable water comes from the Biscayne Aquifer in Florida City via an aqueduct (pipeline)". The Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA) reported that little, if any, disruption occurred in the FKAA transmission system during Hurricane Georges. Distribution system disruptions occurred in isolated areas due to broken water mains caused by uprooted trees. After Hurricane Andrew, disruption problems did not occur because FKAA used back-up diesel generators to counter the loss of commercial power in Homestead. To address possible future problems, the Aqueduct Authority is restoring two reverse osmosis facilities in Monroe County located in Stock Island in the Lower Keys and Marathon in the Middle Keys. According to the "Hurricane Georges: Florida Keys Assessment" (1998) developed by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), "a standard boil water notice was IN Monroe County Local Mitigation strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 issued shortly after the storm and lifted within a week after testing and monitoring assured that the drinking water quality met standards". During the week of October 26" potential long- term impacts from the storm were assessed through a survey of every water storage tank in the Keys. The survey found that "the structural integrity of these systems appeared intact". The assessment report concluded that, "the FKAA water system is in good condition'. Problems with water did occur as a result of contaminated private wells, especially on Big Pine Key. Many wells appeared to be contaminated with E. coli bacteria. The Assessment Report noted that in this instance, hurricane storm surge may have may have caused septic tanks, cesspools and drain fields to overflow through displacement; however, any type of heavy rainfall or water overflow could contaminate the shallow freshwater sources that supply private wells. To address the problem short-term the FKAA set up a temporary service on Big Pine for residents to fill containers of potable water at no charge. A long-term solution is currently in process to provide FKAA water distribution facilities for residential and commercial properties that have private drinking water supplies that could be adversely affected by storm events Sanitation The Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) post -Georges assessment report noted that following Hurricane Georges, the Domestic Wastewater facilities were surveyed within the first two weeks. All regional facilities, including the City of Key West and the City of Key Colony Beach remained functional throughout the storm event. Approximately 250 package treatment plants are located throughout the County to serve such uses as motel, mobile home and RV parks, restaurants, etc. The loss of power to these small package plants did not result in overflows. However, to prevent problems sewage was hauled away from collection systems until power was restored for the treatment plants. Appropriate agencies such as Department of Environmental Protection, Department of Community Affairs, the Department of Health, and Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority are currently involved in a project to replace inadequate on -site facilities with centralized wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal facilities. Such facilities would serve the Baypoint Subdivision in Saddlebunch Keys and be owned, operated, and maintained by the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority. Thus the County and related agencies are knowledgeable of sanitation problems and rectifying them with mitigation solutions. 11 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 2. Transportation Disruption Roadways The "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan" describes the roadway system in the county as follows: "Monroe County's highway transportation system is exceptionally unique in that a single road with connecting bridges forms the backbone of the entire county transportation network, and the sole link to the Florida mainland." "United States Highway One (US 1) also referred to as the Overseas Highway, is a road which runs continuously for 126 miles from Florida City in Dade County to Key West in Monroe County. US I is primarily a two-lane highway which is connected by 42 bridges. The bridges have a combined overall length of 19 miles.: "In addition to US 1, the state maintains several feeder roads in Key West, and County Road 905A in Key Largo. Additionally, the county has approximately 430 miles of secondary roads. These roads are not substantially used for evacuation purposes, with the exception of Card Sound Road, which connects upper Key Largo to US 1 on the mainland at Florida City. Card Sound Road will be used as an evacuation road when traffic flow is impeded on US 1 to attempt to expedite the evacuation process." According to the Monroe County Sheriffs Office, historically, transportation disruptions in the Keys have mostly occurred during the County's evacuations for Hurricane Andrew and Hurricane Georges. Following Tropical Storm Mitch, debris on US 1 somewhat impeded traffic flow on US 1. Another factor that could affect traffic flow is heavy holiday and special event -related traffic (such as lobster mini -season) traffic. On several occasions US I and/or Card Sound Road, the alternative route from Miami to Key Largo, were closed due to wild land fires in the Everglades or along Card Sound Road, which is heavily wooded. The two drawbridges in the County are located at Snake Creek Bridge Mile -Markers 84.5 to 85.9, Islamorada in the Upper Keys and Jewfish Creek Bridge Mile -Markers 107.7 to 108.0 in Key Largo, also in the Upper Keys. These bridges can experience mechanical problems leading to transportation disruption. For example, in the early 1990's Snake Creek Bridge was stuck in the up position for 18 hours. Sheriff and Fire personnel contacted about this hazard commented that although it is has not historically been a great problem, the hazard potential remains high because of future hurricane evacuations and other possible events like major vehicular accidents. 12 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 AiMorts The "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan" (CEMP) notes that "Monroe County has two airports that could be severely impacted in the event of a natural disaster or terrorist attack". "Key West Airport is located in the City of Key West and Marathon Airport is located in Marathon at US Highway 1 at Mile -Marker 52." Both Key West and Marathon Airports were closed for Hurricane Georges. According to Monroe County Airports Director, Key West Airport experienced damage to its airfield lighting. The facility was closed for five days. Marathon did not suffer any notable damage, but was closed for four days for debris removal and assessment and repair. Thereafter, operations were restored to normal levels. 3. Economic Disruption The fragile Florida Keys are very susceptible to economic disruption. Problems can occur for several reasons. These include, closing US 1 for a considerable period of time (approximately 6 hours or more). Roadway restrictions can also be caused by transportation accidents, urban and wild land fires, radiological incidents, and severe weather events that damage infrastructure, curtail utility services, (especially electricity), and block access i.e. with debris. Also, because Monroe County's primary industries are related to retail sales, service, and tourism, any incident that inhibits visitors from coming to the Keys may result in economic loss. Such events could include mass immigration and civil disturbances. Another major Keys industry likely to suffer economically is fishing, including lobster and stone crab. Anything that would affect distribution, such as closing US 1, could create problems for the fishing industry. Loss of power to produce ice for preserving seafood is another problem. Other factors that could contribute to economic loss include interruption in services that provide social security, disability, unemployment, and welfare payments. Also, incidents that affect operations of agencies dealing with child services, food stamps, Medicaid, Medicare and other social service programs. The most likely event to result in economic disruption is the occurrence of severe weather. Although a storm may cause several problems such as debris and infrastructure damage, traditionally, the most detrimental short-term aspect for the economy is the loss of electric power. There is a direct correlation between economic loss and severity of an emergency event. Generally, the more serious the emergency the more difficult and protracted is the economic recovery. Major disasters can create a "domino effect of events" that can hurt the economy. For example, major damage and loss to residential properties can lead to displacement of people. Decrease in population means loss of clientele for local businesses. Businesses themselves may be destroyed or damaged to the degree that they are no longer viable to operate. Even without initial major population relocation, business closings can have the insidious long-term effect of contributing to local population's leaving because of the lack of 13 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard ldentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 adequate community services. Business closings and destruction or severe damage of facilities like schools, libraries, and other public buildings may eliminate jobs (even in the short-term) that lead to permanent population loss. This can reduce the local work force and thereby inhibit the opening of new business enterprises, leading to a viscous cycle of economic decline. A catastrophic disaster, such as Hurricane Andrew, can result in situations where complete economic and financial restoration may not be possible. Information provided in the document titled "Economic Adjustment Strategy", prepared by a Consortium of agencies dealing with economic recovery after Hurricane Andrew, is an excellent resource regarding the hazard of economic disruption. This document notes that the November 23, 1992 issue of Standard and Poor's Credit Week Municipal Journal reported that, "the geographical area hit hardest by Hurricane Andrew (Homestead and Florida City) will lose approximately twenty percent (20%) of its total business output". The Consortium Report notes that it was Standard and Poors projection that `without replacing or adding to the base industries in the area its economy in terms of population, jobs and income, will not grow". In addition, the closing of Homestead Air Force base after the storm exacerbated the economic devastation caused in this area by Hurricane Andrew. Sadly, the effects of Hurricane Andrew remain in this area. Reminders include the presence of a run-down, de facto trailer park consisting of emergency mobile home housing supplied by government agencies in 1992 after Hurricane Andrew. In the last seven years, economic recovery has been slow in the areas most greatly affected by Andrew. Unfortunately, a scenario similar to that of Homestead/Florida City could occur in Monroe County. This is why it is so important to implement mitigation measures to enhance the survivability of the Keys. In Mitigation Strategy Working Group discussions, representatives of the Florida Keys Employment and Training Council (FKETC) noted the special significance of disasters on employee dislocation, unemployment, and underemployment in the Keys. Because of the nature of Monroe County's economy, which is based largely on hospitality, retail, and service businesses, many employees do not have a stable economic base. Even a minor interruption in business can have serious effects on the work force. For example, people who work in hospitality services such as bar tending and serving are heavily dependent on tips for their income. Even a slight disruption in their jobs could make them unable to meet financial obligations. Many other Key's professions, including fishermen, may suffer from shaky income situations due to economic disruption. Another complicating factor is reduction in the housing supply, which can result from a disaster. Especially hard hit in disasters are people in marginal employment situations. Unfortunately, these people may experience long-term effects and can become dependent on the government for support if their problems are not addressed quickly after a disaster. Fortunately, there are constructive ways to address the issue. These are discussed in the Mitigation Initiative Section of the Mitigation Strategy under the project titled. "Strategy and Implementation Program to Address Under/Unemployment and Work Force Problems Related to Disasters". 14 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 W Both Hurricane Andrew and Hurricane Georges caused economic disruption in Monroe County. Much of the trouble was due to the interruption of tourism. In addition, the fishing industry was hard hit due to the loss of many seafood traps, lack of ice for storage, and transportation disruption. Problems from Hurricane Andrew were exacerbated by media coverage, which implied that the Keys were as devastated as parts of Dade County. This was not the case and overall conditions in Monroe County were much better than Dade. Though short-term economic problems occurred, in the longer -term, Monroe County's economy actually benefited from the storm. Available housing stock in the County, especially the Upper Keys, was fully occupied by persons displaced from Dade County, emergency workers, and construction industry personnel who flooded the area. In addition, once it became known that conditions were fairly normal in Monroe County, visitors returned. The restoration of tourism and the temporary population increase provided higher than normal business for stores, restaurants, hotels, gas stations, etc. Sadly, the impact of Hurricane Georges on the local economy did not have a silver lining. Several factors contributed to the economic slow -down. The most significant was the major loss of power that disrupted not only hospitality and retail businesses, but gas stations that could not pump without electricity and were slow to receive fuel because of transportation disruptions. The loss of more than 80 channel markers throughout the Keys curtailed boating and caused the suspension of cruise ship visits. The loss of seafood traps and the lack of ice for preserving catches hurt the fishing industry. A tourism ban imposed on Key West until October 9`h (the storm occurred on September 25`h) led to economic hardships. As noted previously, the Miami Herald reported that one manager of a Key West Bed and Breakfast estimated his losses at $3500 per day, because he was kindly paying his staff while the business was closed. The October 9' opening date for Key West had a negative effect on business in the rest of the County as well. Unfortunately, people unfamiliar with the Keys; associate the entire county with Key West. In addition, the economic situation was again affected by inaccurate media coverage. Press releases and media coverage noted that Key West was closed to visitors, but failed to report that the rest of the Keys were open for business as usual. Local advertising and information provided through the Monroe County tourist Development Agency, was directed at informing the public that not all areas of the county were as seriously affected as Key West. Tourism in the Upper and Middle Keys was encouraged. Still loss of business occurred in the entire county because of the closing of Key West. In addition, the County and municipal governments were affected by a reduction in sales, infrastructure, and bed tax revenues immediately after the storm, resulting from business slow -downs 15 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 It remains to be seen if disaster —related governmental th t occurr assistance the Fall of91998ter It summer seasons will help off -set loss o encouraging to note that according to statistics provided by the County's Job Service and Unemployment Compensation Office, although the County's unemployment rate went from 2.4% in September, 1998 to 3.5 % in October, 1998 (following Hurricane Georges), two months later it was back to normal (@ 2.6%)• The current rate (July 1999) is 2.2%, lower than it was before Georges occurred. 4. Communications Disruption Radio Communications In 1992, Hurricane Andrew resulted in the lss�oasf communications County�Monroe�did le in oseesuch Monroe Counties. Although most damage important facilities as the NOAA weather radio transmitter in Key Largo. Also, communications capabilities in Monroe County were inhibited due to damage to cell phone facilities, radio and TV towers, and repeaters in Dade County. Damage to communications facilities from Hurricane Georges was less than that of Andrew. However, the storm resulted in the loss of several antennas. In addition, the Key West Police Department's communication's tower blew over and was destroyed. As noted by staff of the Monroe County Communications Department, the major communication problem from Hurricane Georges resulted from the loss of electrical power. The disruption of "slick sites" which distribute service to local phone lines seriously curtailed communication during and after Hurricane Georges. Another problem was the lack of back-up generating power to maintain communications links. In Key West, experiences from Hurricane Georges underscored the need for a standardized government frequency for use by all City agencies in emergencies. A universal emergency frequency is also needed for communications throughout Monroe County. Measures to address this requirement are currently under consideration. In the long-term the County anticipates that all county and municipal services will be included in the standardized communications system. Telephone Service In 1992, damage to telephone poles and switching stations in Dade County from Hurricane Andrew resulted in loss of inter -county phone service. Phone access in the Keys was confined to calling within local exchange areas. The situation lasted for two days. Otherwise, a Bell South representative noted phone service interruption in Monroe County was minimal. In fact, according to Bell South the percentage of service overall for the Dade County area did not fall below 94%. Of course, extremely hard hit areas with severe damage may have been out of service for longer periods of time. Another problem that occurred in Andrew and could happen in other events was the loss of "slick sites" which distribute lines to neighborhood call 16 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 boxes. Because these lines work from commercial electric power, the sites are out -of -service until electricity is restored or generators are used. Cellular telephone communication was disrupted during Hurricane Andrew in 1992 when towers were felled by the strong winds. The loss of towers also severely limited emergency radio contact. Fortunately, telephone disruption problems that occurred from Hurricane Georges were not nearly as severe as with Andrew. This is partly because as a result of Hurricane Andrew, technology in the communications field has greatly improved, as has the ability to respond to natural disasters. According a Bell South representative overall, the company was very pleased with how the network held up during the Hurricane Georges event. She reported that generally, once Bell South was notified of an outage, the service was restored within 11/2-2 days. Some post -storm problems occurred during the recovery period when lines were uprooted during debris removal operations and other restoration activities. It was noted that the cellular network was not disrupted from storm conditions, but did become overtaxed because of the large volume of calls, which jammed the system. To address this the company set up additional portable cell sites. To address storm problems and provide redundancy, two major trunk fibers are in place from Homestead on the mainland to Key West. One is buried and the other is aerial. However, most cable lines are located along the underside of fixed bridges, making them vulnerable if bridges fail. Bell South notes that digging to provide buried cable is not feasible because of the Keys' rock substructure. In addition, environmental considerations inhibit underwater installations. 5. Hazardous Materials Incidents In its discussion of Hazardous Materials Incidents (Spills) the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan notes that Monroe County's single transportation route, US 1 could be severely affected in the event of a hazardous materials transportation accident/incident. Specific hazardous materials sites identified by the County are provided in the mapping/GIS and risk analysis sections discussed later in the Vulnerability Assessment. As previously noted in the Guiding Principles section of the Strategy, that describes government agency activities, Monroe County does not have its own hazardous materials response team. Although some training is provided to the County's volunteer fire departments, if a serious incident occurred response would be provided by Miami -Dade County's Fire Rescue, Hazardous Materials Team, through a mutual aid agreement, According to the Director of the Miami -Dade Hazardous Materials Bureau, major events involving hazardous materials in Monroe County have fortunately been minimal. In the last three years, he reported only two major incidents requiring mutual -aid response by Dade 17 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 County. Both were transportation accidents. One that happened on November 29, 1991 involved the collision of a truck hauling batteries that resulted in a sulfuric acid spill in the vicinity of Islamorada. Sulfuric acid is highly toxic and can cause serious health problems when inhaled. In this instance, according to Dade County Haz-Mat, the threat was mainly environmental. The incident necessitated the closing of US I; however, the spill was contained and appears to have caused no long-term effects. The second significant incident occurred on April 10, 1998 near Duck Key, in the Middle Keys, where a fuel tanker collided head-on with a car. The crash resulted in the death of the driver of the second vehicle. Diesel fuel covered the roadway. The Dade County Haz-Mat Team responded and the spill was contained. However, the third lane used for access to Duck Key was closed for several days for investigation of the incident. The accident did not result in any significant threat to residents. The Haz-Mat Director observed that the fortunate infrequency of hazardous materials -related activities is probably due to the lack of heavy industry in the Keys. He also noted that fuel tanks in boats present a potential hazard for marine accidents. Probably, the most infamous hazardous materials incident occurred in the 1980's when an improperly secured backhoe hauled by a tractor trailer collided with a propane tank that fueled the mechanism for opening and closing the "Old Seven -Mile Bridge" in Marathon. The accident caused an explosion that fused the bridge in the open position and closed the only transportation link between the Middle and Lower Keys for several days. Tragically the bridge tender, who intended to retire from his position the following day, was killed in the incident. The bridge has subsequently been replaced with a new structure designed with a high span which eliminated the need for opening and closing. Another possible hazardous materials threat is the potential for fuel tanks, such as propane containers, to break free of their moorings during severe weather and become dangerous floating or flying debris. Once the tanks are loose there is considerable potential for them to be breached and release unsafe materials. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection's Bureau of Emergency Response is responsible for addressing this hazard. Fortunately, this was not a serious problem in Hurricane Georges, but it was with Hurricane Andrew in some areas of Dade County. The DEP Bureau of Emergency Response is represented on the Working Group and advises to securely tie down any fuel container that could break free. 18 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Coastal Oil Spills According to the County's Comprehensive Emergency Plan, since Monroe County's economy is derived from and/or dependent on tourist oriented, marine -based recreational activities and the commercial fishing industry a serious coastal oil spill could prove very harmful for the Keys. The Working Group representative from the Department of Environmental Protection's Bureau of Emergency Response was asked to research this hazard. She advised that thankfully, for the last several years, serious oil spills have not been a problem in Monroe County. The DEP representative reported that her search of the DEP Emergency Response file did not uncover any oil spills of a moderate, (greater than 1,000 gallons) or major (greater than 10,000 gallons) nature. However, she noted that two potentially major spills were recently averted. These involved the Contship Houston and the Igloo Moon. The Contship Houston, a 660-foot container ship was grounded on Maryland Shoals in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary off Key West on February 2, 1997. A total of approximately 810,000 gallons of fuel oils were on board at the time of the incident. There was no oil pollution observed from the ship by the Coast Guard, but the coral reef was damaged. Following deballasting and removal of approximately 500,000 gallons of fuel to a barge, the craft was refloated, inspected for hull damage, and towed to Miami. Before the ship was relocated, the owners of the Iberian registered Contship Houston agreed to sign a letter of undertaking assuming responsibility for damage claims up to $6,000,000 if filed by the United States and/or State of Florida. The salvage operation was successfully completed through a cooperative management operation consisting of staff from the Coast Guard, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, DEP, and the responsible party. The Igloo Moon incident occurred on November 6, 1996. A LPG (Liquid Propane Gas) tank vessel carrying a full cargo of 6,589 tons of refrigerated butadiene (highly flammable gas) from Saudi Arabia to Houston Texas diverged from its course and ran aground in Biscayne National Park offshore of Key Biscayne in Dade County. The ship was carrying very dangerous cargo in the form of butadiene housed in 7 Liquid Propane Gas Tanks. In addition the craft held 205,000 liters of Intermediate Fuel Oil, 108,000 liters of marine diesel fuel, and 22,000 liters of lubrication oil. Although early reports noted that some of the double -bottom tanks were breached, no oil spill was reported. Also, the cargo refrigeration system continued to function. Salvage operations were difficult and involved bringing another tank vessel, the Selma Kosan into shallow waters in a National Park near heavily populated areas of Dade County. In addition, tropical storm conditions were expected in the area. 19 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Despite many obstacles, the salvaging and re -floating operations were completed successfully. It took 15 days after the freighter went aground. In addition there was a need to stabilize the craft during 25-30 knot winds with rough seas. But finally the Igloo Moon proceeded without incident out of the threatened area to Miami for anchorage and inspection. Although happily, the frequency of toxic substance spills off the environmentally fragile coastal waters of the Keys has been low, the potential for damage is frightening. It is also important to recognize the professional service and operations performed by response agencies to prevent these incidents from becoming disasters. Fortunately, the technology in this field is continually improving. 7. Radiological Incidents The most likely occurrence of a serious radiological incident in Monroe County would relate to emergencies at the Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant. In addressing radiological incidents, the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan discusses "Nuclear Power Plant Emergencies". It describes that, "Florida Power and Light Company's (FP&L) Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant is located in South Dade County on Biscayne Bay, ten miles east- southeast of Homestead, 25 miles south of the City of Miami. The most vulnerable area adjacent to the power plant is within the plume exposure 10 mile Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). Because projected radiation levels would exceed Protective Action Guide Limits for a worst case scenario, which would be core melt sequences, implementation of protective actions (i.e. evacuation) would be required. Monroe County has its northern most point located within the 10 mile EPZ for Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant. The largest population is in the community of Ocean Reef, which has approximately 7,500 residents, employees and visitors (4500 permanent residents, 2500 contracted personnel, and 500 staff and visitors)." In conjunction with Florida Power and Light Company and the Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant, Monroe County has developed a detailed Radiological Emergency Management Plan. The Plan includes protective action recommendations for various levels of incidents that could occur at the Nuclear Plant. It also contains specific procedures for involved agencies and related activities. The Plan is exercised annually and State and Federal government agencies, including the Nuclear Regulatory Commission evaluate the program. Funding for radiological public protection programs is provided by the nuclear power industry. Locally and nationally, the incidence of radiological emergencies caused by nuclear power plants has, fortunately been low. 20 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Societal Hazards It should be noted that the Societal Hazards discussed below require organized federal and state response in addition to local government emergency support functions such as police and fire protection, logistics, health and mass care. Mass Immigration The "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan" discusses this hazard under the title of "Mass Migration". It states, "armed violence and civil unrest abroad results in the threat of spontaneous mass migration to Florida, particularly Southern Florida. "Mass migration increases the need for law enforcement, detention, and mass care. Monroe County's geographic location makes it easily accessible to migratory populations abroad." Monroe County was involved in one of the largest immigration events to occur in the United States. This was the Mariel Boatlift, which began at the end of April 1980. At this time Cuban leader, Fidel Castro allowed people to leave Cuba for a limited period of time. One of the motives for doing this was to release criminals and people deemed mentally incompetent from Cuban institutions and send them to the United States. The majority of people fleeing to Cuba were regular citizens desiring to leave the Country and flee to the United States to friends and family. The decision to allow people to leave was fairly spontaneous and could be curtailed at anytime. As a response to this opportunity, thousands of people with small craft crowded into Key West (the closest departure point to Cuba) and returned with boatloads of refugees. The emigres fled from Cuba so quickly, most left with only the clothes on their backs. There was a need to process emigres through inunigration, feed, clothe, and billet them, provide necessary medical care, release them to friends and family members, and/or relocate them to appropriate destinations. It was also necessary to provide traffic and crowd control. The mass influx was exacerbated by the fact that released prisoners and people with mental problems were mixed with others from the general population seeking asylum. The Mariel Boatlift created overwhelming problems for the City of Key West and Monroe County. US 1 was crowded with vehicles coming and going, many of them hauling boats. The Key West Police Department and Monroe County Sheriffs Office were dealing with numerous problems related to the event. It was obvious that the situation was beyond local resources. Fortunately, the City of Key West has a large military presence consisting of the United States Navy and Coast Guard. These agencies along with other federal resources, including the US Immigration Service and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) assumed operations for the Martel Boatlift mass immigration. According to Dr. Bob Browning, United States Coast Guard, Washington DC 115,000 Cubans were ferried to Key West by June 30, 1980. In the next few months 10,000 more followed, for a total of 125,000 emigres. Coast Guard response required the use of 17 cutters, 5 boats, and 16 aircraft in addition to existing resources at the 71h Coast Guard District in Miami, which included Miami to Key West. Nine hundred reservists were called up for a period of six weeks to assist in the Mariel event. 21 Jnroe t,oun[y Locai auugauon 3uaiegy nazara r(IenuucauoIu v uuieraouuy A!iSCSSI",u, -,;"weer ) 1, LYYY aria De Lattore, Key West resident and employee for the City of Key West was a Martel fugee who came to Key West in April, 1980. She was 7 years old. Fortunately, Maria's -nily had relatives already living in Key West and Miami. Her experience began when a lative came to Cuba in his boat to pick them up and take them to Key West. When they rived, Maria's family was taken to the Old Customs House in Key West for processing. iey were then sent to a large cafeteria and fed. Since relatives were there to sponsor Maria .d her family, they were permitted to leave and stay with them. Many others who were not rtunate enough to have sponsors were processed, clothed and fed in Key West and sent to iami where tent cities were set up for billeting. Maria explained that ultimately, many fuges were sent from South Florida to other locations in the Northeast and to the City of .ucago in the Midwest. Maria explained that overall, she and her family were well treated by e authorities handling their case. ie Mariel Boatlift did not have a significant long-term effect on Monroe County. Short-term oblems included traffic congestion, services being overwhelmed, the need to feed and house large influx of people, particularly federal and state agency response personnel, and the .ssation of tourism Fortunately, most of the refugees did not stay in Key West long, they ere processed through immigration, released to family and friends, and/or transported to iami for further processing. Although, the local economy was hurt by the lack of tourist ide, local businesses provided services to people responding to the emergency. Castro rminated the Martel Boatlift in June 1980 and shortly thereafter conditions returned to )rural in the Keys. „r the almost twenty years since the Martel Boatlift, no other mass immigration incident has fected the Keys. However, with the potential for change in the political situation in Cuba, ch an event could happen at any time. Because of the experience of the Mariel mass unigration event and disasters such as Hurricane Andrew, federal and state response agencies e now better trained and equipped to deal with such situations. In addition, as discussed rlier in the Guiding Principles section of the Mitigation Strategy, the City of Key West has -veloped an "Open Cuba Mass Immigration Plan". The Plan includes chain -of -command, ac control, staging, logistics, communications, incarceration, and cooperation with the onroe County Sheriffs Department and state and federal response agencies, including the ilitary. Monroe County will also be developing a Mass Immigration Plan. fter the Mariel Boatlift the US Government, particularly, the Coast Guard developed ocedures for addressing unplanned immigration incidents. Subsequent to the Mariel Boatlift, ere has been some other mass immigration events. Most involved 6migr6s from Cuba and 3titi. The Coast Guard handled these before significant impact on local governments could ;cur. 22 onrOC k,ounty Local rvtutgauon 6trategy rtazara taenancauorti vutneraouuy Assessment, uctooer -) t, iyyy nee the frequency of mass immigration incidents in Monroe County has been low, the hazard nnot be considered as a major problem However, as demonstrated by the Mariel Boatlift e hazard can have significant impacts on the area and should be addressed. This is occurring rough improved local, state, federal, and military planning for such an event. Terrorism/Civil Disturbance ie Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan includes a section on the hazards of errorism, Civil Disturbance, or Military Conflict". The Plan states the following: 'errorism is a serious state issue. Florida is vulnerable due to its geographical closeness to aba and the Caribbean nations. Military installations, chemical processing plants and highly tpulated areas are the most susceptible targets for terrorist attack. Such an act would result mass casualties and mass evacuation of the affected area." 1 violent foreign situation may result in mass immigration to the State and Monroe County. vs action would result in the need for law enforcement, mass care, and detention facilities." n the event of civil disturbance, the protective action will be a joint effort between the aunty Sheriffs Office and the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. The Federal nergency Management Agency (FEMA) and/or the Department of Justice would be the lead deral agencies." )rtunately, Monroe County has not experienced significant acts of terrorism and/or civil urbance. With the exception of the City of Key West, Monroe County is not urbanized. Its taxed laid-back attitude does not seem to foster strife. Even in densely populated Key West, as far thankfully, civil disturbances and terrorism have not been a problem. Even the Mariel )atlift did not lead to any major disruptive incidents affecting the public. Perhaps one reason r the relative tranquillity in Monroe County is its soothing setting surrounded by beautiful +en water. ie treacherous Oklahoma City bombing and the recent horrors that occurred in Columbine :gh School in, Colorado have heightened public awareness of the potential for such events. onroe County and its municipalities are working with agencies such from the State of Florida d the Federal Bureau of Investigation to develop plans and policies to prepare for and deal ,th such contingencies. !storically, civil disturbances and/or terrorism cannot be considered as major hazards. 1)z onrue k,uuuiy LOCUI mutbauun 3tra[egy'-IaLdru wcauuu;auucu v uuicIauuuy r»zeaauICI I, vcwLn:I J 1, iYYI ;ilitary Conflict date, Monroe County has not experienced any military conflicts on its soil. The County has veral naval installations located in the Lower Keys in Stock Island and the City of Key West. zey are the Boca Chica Naval Air Station on Stock Island and the Trumbo Point Naval ation in Key West. Key West is the headquarters for the Naval Caribbean Command. In ]dition to the Navy, there are three Coast Guard Stations in Monroe County. They are cated in Islamorada, Marathon, and Key West. '-le presence of military posts in the Keys could be a double-edged sword. While the military readily available to respond to situations such as foreign invasion, military bases can be the rgets of hostile operations. Both the City of Key West and Monroe County have enjoyed ccellent relations with the military and have cooperated in the development of various plans id procedures in the past. If a threat arose, military, county, and municipal governments ould work together as required to address the situation. ecause of the low occurrence of Military Conflict, the Monroe County Local Mitigation xategy study does not consider the hazard a great threat to Monroe County. onclusion he discussion on Hazard Identification has validated the initial hazard list for Monroe County ;veloped by the Working Group. The background analysis of hazards identified only one izard, Wild Fires, which needed to be revised. Wild fires were shown to be a more )nsiderable threat than originally presumed. but still not a substantial problem The final izard list shown below reflects the change in priority of the Wild Fire hazard. The ioritization value of 5 points assigned to this hazard used for ranking mitigation initiatives d not change. 24 arau.bauvu auau.by I111 ..0 .u�,uuuwuu.0 . u..a..�..vuuJ ..00woua..u., Monroe County LMS Working Group Hazards List (revised pursuant to Hazard Identification Process) Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather • Floods • Tornadoes/Waterspouts • Wind Utility Outages/Disruption • Electric Power • Water • Sanitation . Transportation Disruption . Economic Emergencies Communications Disruption Mass Immigration Wild Land Fires Hazardous Materials Incidents Coastal Oil Spills 0. Radiological Emergencies 1. Epidemiological Emergencies 2. Drought 3. Terrorism/Civil Disturbance 4. Military Conflict 25 Monroe Countv Local Mitigation Strategy Third and Fourth Deliverables, October 31, 1999. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Mapping Section Multi -Hazard Maps Critical Facilities Hazardous Materials Sites Listing of Monroe County 302 Facilities Identification of Hazardous Materials at Locations Repetitive Loss Properties Map of Observed and SLOSH Model Calculated Storm Tide High Water Mark Profile for Hurricane Georges (1998) showing tide gage information. INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE GIS/MAPPING SECTION OF THE MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION/ VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT The following is a listing of information provided in the GIS/Mapping Section of the hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. For ease of use the materials are located in a separate section at the end of the Third and Fourth LMS Deliverables Document. Maps ❑ Maps showing countywide hazard areas vulnerable to storm surge, inland flooding, and wind. • The maps are from the TAOS data provided by the Department of Community Affairs. They are the only maps with this information available for Monroe County at this time. ❑ Map of Monroe County showing Real Time Events as they took place during Hurricane Georges, September 25, 1998. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Data in ARCView Format Including Data For: ❑ Critical Facilities ❑ Hazardous Materials Sites • Also included in this section is a written list of the 302 Facilities Sites and materials and locations provided by the Monroe County Fire Marshall. ❑ Repetitive Loss Properties • Repetitive Loss Properties are also referenced in the text of the Vulnerability Assessment. ❑ Historical Flood Data • Historical Flood Data is provided through the information on Repetitive Loss properties which are locations that historically (for at least two consecutive years) • Detailed text including Hazard Identification, Vulnerability Assessment, and Risk Analysis and Individual Vulnerability Profiles for Each Municipality • Key West "Drainage Investigation Map" showing specific locations of flooding in the City. This is included in the City of Key West Vulnerability Profile at the end of the document. • Map showing "Observed and SLOSH Model Calculated Storm tide High Water Marks for Hurricane Georges (1998)", including tide gage information. CL •- .a I F# L 0 f+ 0 L 2 un a 2 v n "o m C Yy ea c§ as== Q' o. €=useo27 2TTT$ o—V- �riSriw 2 �us�inu�in m Cl CD CD M i a d� Y ca Q. .° cT!2E2 I t� rt 1 CO 00 ` r 1 1 1 c ovf,-wwm I Lwi 0 M u 0 M CL MO- a� L 04 . .JL.i a ca m� Y� � a o� c 0 t t��ch000 � ` i it c o o c i i� T �oommm ci I, ad 0 Cq 0 cn I = a [-cl♦-tort Q1 or �N M co) 1[f i 0 C C !� Qf CD CD CD CL ■_ o to L:. w L L � o M. I ■ O � L 0 a) cn L z CD M a T • 4 4 • n Zio a m? Y� M d a OU)V- wooM� u. ct-MWN ■ NMMMet IRORM 2 CcNNCO) CO) t"! V T- V- T- r T- E_ 111 O cq Cl M CL U) I LO v L. a 2 n. m -O Y m � O C IR le N lL'-rtaQh-r h -�NtDrWN C I� �rrre-r W W tD tD AW CL 4) v� 0 LL. E W% c 0 CL 0 L. 0 O p R W w t Y via t `- O 3 0?U. am—" ei O w 01 wOe-N Pf C% 0 0 M 0 0 Cq mum Ana CL � v LL L � L -p o T C O T+ a W m M a Yo aO o CR 0! 1f M M 94 in f�- O MedO!N [� I 0 M Im m 13 L I N Y a -0 L] 0 os • cn d soNtO�l�AtDC� C O O C . vO�MtrltC coMNC; a= 5� O 0 M 0 0 M m -v L �e L ca a) •v � o rn �- co w N 4 N m ` N O C M. C. C. . Cl tl1 .d. 0 0 M L 0 o� ■� LL L. 0 oIK N 00 O ci O O O L 4) 0 low co �4) ♦■+ L 4) �a 0 L� �r i_ V C 0 di Y It N N no w 'a O 0 0 0 In 0 e LM 4) a Ui 06 U) 4) 4 ■ L ■L 0 B- . N O i.. INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE GIS/MAPPING SECTION OF THE MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION/ VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT The following is a listing of information provided in the GIS/Mapping Section of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. For ease of use the materials are located in a separate section at the end of the Third and Fourth LMS Deliverables Document. Maps ❑ Maps showing countywide hazard areas vulnerable to storm surge, inland flooding, and wind. • The maps are from the TAOS data provided by the Department of Community Affairs. They are the only maps with this information available for Monroe County at this time. ❑ Map of Monroe County showing Real Time Events as they took place during Hurricane Georges, September 25, 1998. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Data in ARCView Format Including Data For. ❑ Critical Facilities ❑ Hazardous Materials Sites • Also included in this section is a written list of the 302 Facilities Sites and materials and locations provided by the Monroe County Fire Marshall. o Repetitive Loss Properties • Repetitive Loss Properties are also referenced in the text of the Vulnerability Assessment. ❑ Historical Flood Data • Historical Flood Data is provided through the information on Repetitive Loss properties which are locations that historically (for at least two consecutive yeas) Y • Detailed text including Hazard Identification, Vulnerability Assessment, and Risk Analysis and Individual Vulnerability Profiles for Each Municipality • Key West "Drainage Investigation Map" showing specific locations of flooding in the City. This is included in the City of Key West Vulnerability Profile at the end of the document. • Map showing "Observed and SLOSH Model Calculated Storm tide High Water Marks for Hurricane Georges (1998)", including tide gage information. �.- INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE GIS/MAPPING SECTION OF THE MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION/ VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT The following is a listing of information provided in the GIS/Mapping Section of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. For ease of use the materials are located in a separate section at the end of the Third and Fourth LMS Deliverables Document. Maps ❑ Maps showing countywide hazard areas vulnerable to storm surge, inland flooding, and wind. • The maps are from the TAOS data provided by the Department of Community Affairs. They are the only maps with this information available for Monroe County at this time. ❑ Map of Monroe County showing Real Time Events as they took place during Hurricane Georges, September 25, 1998. Geoeraphic Information Systems (GIS) Data in ARCView Format Including Data For. ,%W o Critical Facilities ❑ Hazardous Materials Sites • Also included in this section is a written list of the 302 Facilities Sites and materials and locations provided by the Monroe County Fire Marshall. ❑ Repetitive Loss Properties • Repetitive Loss Properties are also referenced in the text of the Vulnerability Assessment. ❑ Historical Flood Data • Historical Flood Data is provided through the information on Repetitive Loss properties which are locations that historically (for at least two consecutive yea' • Detailed text including Hazard Identification, Vulnerability Assessment, and Risk Analysis and Individual Vulnerability Profiles for Each Municipality • Key West "Drainage Investigation Map" showing specific locations of flooding in the City. This is included in the City of Key West Vulnerability Profile at the end of the document. • Map showing "Observed and SLOSH Model Calculated Storm tide High Water Marks for Hurricane Georges (1998)", including tide gage information. am- .., INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE GIS/MAPPING SECTION OF THE MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION/ VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT The following is a listing of information provided in the GIS/Mapping Section of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. For ease of use the materials are located in a separate section at the end of the Third and Fourth LMS Deliverables Document. Maps ❑ Maps showing countywide hazard areas vulnerable to storm surge, inland flooding, and wind. • The maps are from the TAOS data provided by the Department of Community Affairs. They are the only maps with this information available for Monroe County at this time. ❑ Map of Monroe County showing Real Time Events as they took place during Hurricane Georges, September 25, 1998. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Data in ARCView Format Includine Data For: ❑ Critical Facilities ❑ Hazardous Materials Sites • Also included in this section is a written list of the 302 Facilities Sites and materials and locations provided by the Monroe County Fire Marshall. ❑ Repetitive Loss Properties • Repetitive Loss Properties are also referenced in the text of the Vulnerability Assessment. ❑ Historical Flood Data • Historical Flood Data is provided through the information on Repetitive Loss properties which are locations that historically (for at least two consecutive yeas) , • Detailed text including Hazard Identification, Vulnerability Assessment, and Risk Analysis and Individual Vulnerability Profiles for Each Municipality • Key West "Drainage Investigation Map" showing specific locations of flooding in the City. This is included in the City of Key West Vulnerability Profile at the end of the document. • Map showing "Observed and SLOSH Model Calculated Storm tide High Water Marks for Hurricane Georges (1998)", including tide gage information. INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE GIS/MAPPING SECTION OF THE MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION/ VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT The following is a listing of information provided in the GIS/Mapping Section of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. For ease of use the materials are located in a separate section at the end of the Third and Fourth LMS Deliverables Document. Mans ❑ Maps showing countywide hazard areas vulnerable to storm surge, inland flooding, and wind. The maps are from the TAOS data provided by the Department of Community Affairs. They are the only maps with this information available for Monroe County at this time. ❑ Map of Monroe County showing Real Time Events as they took place during Hurricane Georges, September 25, 1998. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Data in ARCView Format Including Data For. o Critical Facilities o Hazardous Materials Sites • Also included in this section is a written list of the 302 Facilities Sites and materials and locations provided by the Monroe County Fire Marshall. ❑ Repetitive Loss Properties • Repetitive Loss Properties are also referenced in the text of the Vulnerability Assessment. ❑ Historical Flood Data • Historical Flood Data is provided through the information on Repetitive Loss properties which are locations that historically (for at least two consecutive years) • Detailed text including Hazard Identification, Vulnerability Assessment, and Risk Analysis and Individual Vulnerability Profiles for Each Municipality • Key West "Drainage Investigation Map" showing specific locations of flooding in the City. This is included in the City of Key West Vulnerability Profile at the end of the document. • Map showing `.`Observed and SLOSH Model Calculated Storm tide High Water Marks for Hurricane Georges (1998)", including tide gage information. �..- INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE GIS/MAPPING SECTION OF THE MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION/ VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT ... The following is a listing of information provided in the GIS/Mapping Section of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. For ease of use the materials are located in a separate section at the end of the Third and Fourth LMS Deliverables Document. Maps ❑ Maps showing countywide hazard areas vulnerable to storm surge, inland flooding, and wind. The maps are from the TAOS data provided by the Department of Community Affairs. They are the only maps with this information available for Monroe County at this time. ❑ Map of Monroe County showing Real Time Events as they took place during Hurricane Georges, September 25, 1998. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Data in ARCView Format Includiny, Data For. ❑ Critical Facilities ❑ Hazardous Materials Sites • Also included in this section is a written list of the 302 Facilities Sites and materials and locations provided by the Monroe County Fire Marshall. ❑ Repetitive Loss Properties • Repetitive Loss Properties are also referenced in the text of the Vulnerability Assessment. ❑ Historical Flood Data • Historical Flood Data is provided through the information on Repetitive Loss properties which are locations that historically (for at least two consecutive years) • Detailed text including Hazard Identification, Vulnerability Assessment, and Risk Analysis and Individual Vulnerability Profiles for Each Municipality • Key West "Drainage Investigation Map" showing specific locations of flooding in the City. This is included in the City of Key West Vulnerability Profile at the end of the document. • Map showing "Observed and SLOSH Model Calculated Storm tide High Water Marks for Hurricane Georges (1998)", including tide gage information. INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE GIS/MAPPING SECTION OF THE MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION/ VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT The following is a listing of information provided in the GIS/Mapping Section of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. For ease of use the materials are located in a separate section at the end of the Third and Fourth LMS Deliverables Document. Mans ❑ Maps showing countywide hazard areas vulnerable to storm surge, inland flooding, and wind. The maps are from the TAOS data provided by the Department of Community Affairs. They are the only maps with this information available for Monroe County at this time. ❑ Map of Monroe County showing Real Time Events as they took place during Hurricane Georges, September 25, 1998. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Data in ARCView Format Includine Data For. ❑ Critical Facilities ❑ Hazardous Materials Sites • Also included in this section is a written list of the 302 Facilities Sites and materials and locations provided by the Monroe County Fire Marshall. ❑ Repetitive Loss Properties • Repetitive Loss Properties are also referenced in the text of the Vulnerability Assessment. ❑ Historical Flood Data • Historical Flood Data is provided through the information on Repetitive Loss properties which are locations that historically (for at least two consecutive years) • Detailed text including Hazard Identification, Vulnerability Assessment, and Risk Analysis and Individual Vulnerability Profiles for Each Municipality • Key West "Drainage Investigation Map" showing specific locations of flooding in the City. This is included in the City of Key West Vulnerability Profile at the end of the document. • Map showing "Observed and SLOSH Model Calculated Storm tide High Water Marks for Hurricane Georges (1998)", including tide gage information. N L o�S o •V � LL L. 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Io W la U IC W V •J � Io �w ..1 OCT-22-99 15iOS FROM: M C PUBLIC SAFETY 10: 289GO13 PACE 3 a N b o y fJ M �i Y 7 y �+ Q C T � y i � r ^3 n♦ �, W 1V � F F j J J J � N N 1 1 O tll 1 V V O 1 b yl uc an Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October, 31, 1999 PART II: VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Data Geographic Information System (GIS) and Mapping Information The following is a listing of information provided in the GIS/Mapping Section of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. For ease of use the materials are located in a separate section at the end of the Third and Fourth LMS Deliverables Document. Mans • Maps showing countywide hazard areas vulnerable to storm surge, inland flooding, and wind. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Data in ARCView Format Including Data For: • Critical Facilities • Hazardous Materials Sites • Also included in this section is a written list of the 302 Facilities Sites and materials and locations provided by the Monroe County Fire Marshall. • Repetitive Loss Properties • Historical Flood Data The information in this section was used in the development of the written Vulnerability Assessment, which follows. Vulnerabili, ty Assessment (Text) The Vulnerability Assessment was developed from information provided by the Members of the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group, discussions at Working Group meetings, and comments received through mailings. 'The hazards discussed in the previous section can affed the county as a whole entity or any location in it. Therefore, the vulnerability of the entire county will be evaluated. In addition, jurisdictional profiles provided for the municipalities include information relating to the particular vulnerability of these areas. The Hazard Identification Section demonstrates that the principal risk for Monroe County and its municipalities relates to severe weather events and their consequential hazards such as economic, ,,..,.itility, transportation, and communications disruptions. As such, the Vulnerability Assessment section T.' 26 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 PART II: VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Data Geographic Information System (GIS) and Mapping Information The following is a listing of information provided in the GIS/Mapping Section of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. For ease of use the materials are located in a separate section at the end of the Third and Fourth LMS Deliverables Document. Maps • Maps showing countywide hazard areas vulnerable to storm surge, inland flooding, and wind. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Data in ARCView Format Including Data For: • Critical Facilities • Hazardous Materials Sites • Also included in this section is a written list of the 302 Facilities Sites and materials and locations provided by the Monroe County Fire Marshall. • Repetitive Loss Properties • Historical Flood Data The information in this section was used in the development of the written Vulnerability Assessment, which follows. Vulnerability Assessment (Text) The Vulnerability Assessment was developed from information provided by the Members of the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group, discussions at Working Group meetings, and comments received through mailings. 'The hazards discussed in the previous section can affec(the county as a whole entity or any location in it. Therefore, the vulnerability of the entire county will be evaluated. In addition, jurisdictional profiles provided for the municipalities include information relating to the particular vulnerability of these areas. The Hazard Identification Section demonstrates that the principal risk for Monroe County and its municipalities relates to severe weather events and their consequential hazards such as economic, utility, transportation, and communications disruptions. As such, the Vulnerability Assessment section 26 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 �Wof the Local Mitigation Strategy will focus on these areas. The following is a summary of characteristics that affect the vulnerability of Monroe County and the incorporated areas to severe weather events, especially tropical cyclones, and resultant hazards; utility outages, transportation disruption, economic emergencies, and communications disruption Synopsis of Factors Affecting Florida Keys Vulnerability to Severe Weather Events Physical Location Between the Gulf and Atlantic. Located at low latitude (starting at 24.5 degrees), near where storms may form and in the western Atlantic where storms often travel. This increases susceptibility. Linear Configuration • Absence of inland area for evacuation. • Long, narrow size increases risk from Gulf and Atlantic. • Only one exit route (US I) out of county, most of which is two -lanes until Upper Keys (Card Sound Road, alternate route) • Route to mainland, two-lane section of US I referred to as the "18-mile stretch". • Geography/Topography •. Low elevations • Flat terrain • No inland areas — All areas equally vulnerable to high wind effects. The "friction factor", which causes winds from storms to decrease over land does is not applicable to the Keys. • Bathymetry • Shallow offshore waters contribute to higher storm surge potential • Coves and inlets are susceptible to pile-up of surge • Subject to "double -sided" storm surge from both Atlantic and Gulf. • Susceptible to storms from all directions. • Extensive Vegetation • If not properly cared for can contribute greatly to debris • Positive aspects are, that some vegetation e.g. mangroves serve as storm buffers. Also properly managed landscaping can decrease damage and amount of debris. • Dependency on Mainland • Because the Keys are an island chain, they are dependent on the Mainland, especially Dade County, for many goods and services. This includes the Aqueduct Authority's water pipeline in Florida City, the primary source of water, purchase of electric power, out -of -county telephone service, and other types of communications. • Economic Base • Tourist -Oriented (approximately 60%) • ServicelHospitality (Food and Lodging) • Retail Sales • Commercial/Sport Fishing • Other Marine -Related Activities • Taxes Supplemented by Tourism • Bed Tax 27 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 • Sales Tax • Infrastructure Tax • Property/Housing and Building Stock • Most construction prior to adoption of stronger codes (1995) and shutter requirements (1990). • Over 100 mobile/RV parks in County according to "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan" (CEMP). • Need for Affordable Housing • Average property value is $120,000. • Highest Cost of Living in Florida • Per capita income (average is $27, 210) does not keep pace, especially because of dependency on • Low -wage service jobs. • Balance affordable housing and safe housing. • Lack of buildings able to withstand major hurricane (Cat 3-5) conditions. • Over 8,900 hotel/motel/inn facilities in Monroe County. • 30 Repetitive Loss Properties. (28 in Key West) • Population (Demographics) • Estimated population of 85,000. (Includes some part-time residents) • Seasonal fluctuations — as low as 51,000 in July to as high as 105,000 in November (CENT). • More than 10,000 residents over age 65. (Approximately 12% of total population). • Recent behavioral analyses show trend for residents in Lower Keys to be less likely to evacuate than in Middle and Upper Keys. A common perception is that traffic problems will limit or prevent the ability to reach safety in time before a storm would affect the area. • Approximately 3,000,000 visitors per year. • Net migration in to the county is 2,958 per year (CEMP) or 3% per year. • Infrastructure • Bridges • 42 bridges connect primary roadway US 1. • Two drawbridges, Jewfish Creek located at Mile -Marker 107 and Snake Creek Bridge at Mile -Marker 86, open periodically for marine traffic. Drawbridge operations and possible breakdowns can interrupt traffic flow. • "Lifelines" (Linear components of critical infrastructure) • Water lines • Primary supply pipeline on mainland in Florida City. Water system managed by Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority. • Some distribution pipeline connected to roads and bridges. Contingency and redundancy: • Primary pipeline serving Upper Keys is subaqueous and does not depend on roads and bridges. • Reverse Osmosis Plant located in Marathon to serve Middle Keys. • Reverse Osmosis Plant located in Stock Island (Key West) to serve Lower Keys. Power Lines • Electric Power supplied by Florida Keys Electric Cooperative (FKEC) Upper Keys to Marathon • Electric Power supplied by Key West City Electric System (CES) Marathon to Key West. • Majority of electric lines above ground. • No power poles located on bridges. • To prevent loss if bridges are damaged, transmission line power poles are pile -driven into the water along 28 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentiScationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 roads and bridges. Subsequent to Hurricane Andrew poles re -designed to withstand serious storm conditions were installed in certain areas such as along the 18-mile stretch. Old equipment is being replaced with newer, more resilient materials. • Telephone Service • To provide redundancy, two major trunk fibers are provided from Homestead on the mainland to Key West. One is buried and the other is aerial. • Most cable lines located along underside of fixed bridges, therefore vulnerable if bridges fail. • Digging not feasible because of rock substructure. • Environmental considerations inhibit underwater installations. • Hospitals • Florida Keys Health Systems • 2 locations in Key West (Lower Keys) • Depoo Hospital • Florida Keys Memorial Hospital • Marathon (Middle Keys) — Fishermen's Hospital • Tavernier (Upper Keys) — Mariner's Hospital • All hospitals must evacuate Monroe County in a storm of Category 3 or greater. • Nursing Homes • Bayshore Manor, Key West (Monroe County owned and operated) • Key West Convalescent Center (proprietary) • Marathon Manor Nursing Home (proprietary) • Plantation Key Convalescent Center (proprietary) • All nursing homes must evacuate Monroe County in a storm of Category 3 or greater. • Schools • Monroe County has a total of 12 public schools operated by the School Board of Monroe County Florida. Of these schools, the following have been identified as shelters suitable for use in tropical storms, Category 1-2 hurricanes, and other emergency purposes. In most cases, for hurricanes of Category 3 and higher all persons must evacuate Monroe County and shelters will not be used: • Glynn Archer School, Mile -Marker 1, Key West • Sugarloaf Elementary School, Mile -Marker 19, Sugarloaf Key • Stanley Switlick Elementary School, Mile -Marker 48.5, Marathon • Plantation Key School, Mile -Marker 90, Plantation Key • Coral Shores High School, Mile -Marker 90 Plantation Key • Key Largo School Cafetorium, Mile -Marker 105, Key Largo Critical Facilities/Hazardous Materials Sites • Information on these may be found in the GIS portion of the Local Mitigation Strategy and the Municipal Profiles. • Environmental Considerations Unique habitat, many rare and/or endangered plant and animal species. Critical State Concern Designation (Because of special environmental considerations, the keys portion of unincorporated Monroe County and the incorporated municipalities were placed under the protection of the Area of Critical State Concern designation by the Florida Legislature by State Statute in 1980. This was done to protect the unique environment, vegetation, and natural resources of the designated area by regulating land development.) 29 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 • Contains many environmentally sensitive areas. • Has many Archeological, Historical and Cultural Landmarks • A total of 23 sites are designated in Monroe County, including three areas within Islamorada, Village of Islands. Many sites in Tavernier. • The City of Key West has a total of 2,580 historically designated structures/sites including the Key West Historic "Old Town" District, which has a high concentration of wooden buildings. Historical Severe Weather Events • Recent: From 1992-1998 Monroe County has received five Presidential Disaster Declarations. (Three of the events occurred in 1998) • Hurricane Andrew, August 24, 1992 • Storm of the Century, March 13, 1993 • Ground Hog's Day Storm, February 2, 1998 (tornado severe weather event) • Hurricane Georges, September 25, 1998. • Tropical Storm Mitch, November 4 and 5, 1998 • Also on July 4, 1998, a severe thunderstorm event referred to as the "July 0 Storm" resulted in a drowning. • So far (September) in the 1999 Hurricane Season, Monroe County has been affected by Hurricanes Dennis and Floyd and Tropical Storm Harvey. • Past Storm Events Affecting Monroe County • October 11, 1909 Hurricane, Category 4 • October17, 1910 Category 3 • September 15, 1919 Category 4 • September 2, 1935 (Labor Day Storm) Category 5 • October 18, 1944 Category 3 • September 18, 1948, Category 3 • October 4, 1948, Category 2 • September 10, 1960, Hurricane Donna • September 7, 1965, Hurricane Betsy, Category 3 • October 4, 1966, Hurricane Inez, Category 1 • June 2, 1982, T.S. Alberto • November 21,1982, Hurricane Kate, Category 2 • October 13, 1987, Hurricane Floyd, Category 1 In a period of 89 years, Monroe County experienced 15 Hurricane/Tropical Storm events, for an event frequency of 17%. 30 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 discussion The purpose of this section of the Vulnerability Assessment is to identify the areas, population, and facilities, which are susceptible to hazards associated with severe weather events. Pursuant to Guidance in the Local Mitigation Strategy: A Guidebook for Florida Cities and Counties, Vulnerability Assessment Supplement and Local Mitigation Strategy, A Course for Planning Practitioners, provided by the Department of Community Affairs the following vulnerability indicators will be addressed: • Primary Hazard (Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather and Their Effects, Floods/Tornadoes/Waterspouts/Wmd/Lightning/ Etc.) • Geography/TopographyBathymetry • Population • Property and Infrastructure • Economic Resources. • Environmental Resources Primary Hazard (Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather and Their Effects, Floods/Tornadoes/Waterspouts/Wind Li hg tnin Etc.) The "1998 Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan" (CEMP), prepared by Monroe County Emergency Management, recognizes that Tropical Cyclones are the primary hazard threatening the county and municipalities. Also, as noted in the Hazard Identification Section, the majority of incident �,,eports maintained by Monroe County Emergency Management for the last five years relate to severe weather events. In the development of its Hazard List, the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group recognized tropical cyclones, hurricanes, tropical storms, tropical depressions, and other severe weather and their related effects, floods, tornadoes, waterspouts, wind, lightning, etc. as their number one priority. Severe Weather Lightning Lightning can be a serious aspect of severe weather in Monroe County. Information from the publication "Florida Hazardous Weather" notes that Florida leads the nation in lightning deaths and injuries. People are most often struck by lightning in the rainy season, from May to October, with the peak month being July. ft thunderstorm can produce a fatal lightning flash. The most dangerous lightning strikes are those that occur with the first or last flash. Rain does not have to occur. In fact, lightning can strike more than 10 miles away from the rain. Some areas are more dangerous than others. The greatest number of people are struck while near a body of water. As such, this enhances the vulnerability of Monroe County, which is surrounded by water to dangerous lightning strikes. 31 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 The following chart indicates Lightning Statistic for Monroe County for the years 1959-1998. (Hazardous Weather Information provided by the Warning Meteorologist, National Weather Service Office, Miami, FL) LIGHTNING Year STATISTICS Month Day Deaths O• Injuries Location Activity 1959 Sept. 21 0 1 bridge bridge -tending 1962 Oct. 31 0 1 unknown unknown 1974 June 19 1 0 vehicle trash collector 1976 July 22 1 1 boat fishing 1980 Aug. 2 1 0 bridge fishing 1982 Sept. 6 1 1 boat snorkeling 1983 June 8 1 0 bridge fishing 1986 Aug. 2 0 1 tree standing 1990 Aug. 6 0 1 boat fishing * 1995 July 6 0 1 near vehicle leaning against police car 1997 July 12 0 1 unknown unknown Total 6 9 Yearly average 0.15 0.225 *On July 6, 1995 a Florida Marine Patrol Officer, while trying to apprehend a suspect, was injured by a lightning strike as he leaned against his patrol car on a dock on Stock Island (Lower Keys). It was raining heavily at the time. The officer was treated and released from the hospital. 32 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Water Spouts A Waterspout is a violent rotating column of air that touches the water. Waterspouts may derive from thunderstorms. Because of its close proximity to water, Monroe County is prone to waterspouts. If waterspouts come ashore, they are then classified as tornadoes. The following is a chart of waterspout activity for seven Florida counties, provided by the National Weather Service Office in Miami. 7Broward Waterspouts/Tornadoes Deaths • 'aterspouts Iniuries Damage 18 1 0 3 $ 10,000 Collier 9 3 0 0 $210,000 Dade 60 1 0 0 $ 5,000 Glades 0 0 0 0 0 Hendry 1 0 0 0 0 Monroe 357 10 0 0 $ 94,000 Palm Beach 45 5 0 0 $635,000 TOTALS 490 20 0 3 $854,000 The information shows that Monroe County clearly has the highest frequency and risk of waterspout activity. Fortunately, most waterspouts dissipate over water and do not result in many deaths or serious injuries. However, over water they are a threat to marine interests; and as seen in the chart, if they come onshore as tornadoes they can be harmful and expensive. Tornadoes A tornado is a violent column of air that touches the ground. Tornadoes are spawned by severe weather such as thunderstorms, tropical cyclones, i.e. tropical storms and hurricanes, and/or extreme clashes of hot and cold air. Half of Florida tornadoes occur in the summer months from May through August. But only 8.5 % of tornado -related deaths happen during this period of time. This demonstrates that the vast majority of tornado deaths occur during the fall, winter, and spring season when stronger dynamics are present in the atmosphere producing supercell/mesocyclone thunderstorms. In 1998, Monroe County experienced two significant tornado events. One, the Ground Hog's Day Storm occurred on February 2, 1998 and involved multiple tornado touchdowns resulting from a severe winter storm system. The tornadoes associated with the Ground Hog's Day Storm were classified according to the Fujita Tornado Scale, shown below, as an F-1 in Islamorada and an F-2 in Grassy Key. (Provided by NWS Key West.) 33 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 The other was Tropical Storm Mitch Tropical Storm Mitch that occurred November 4 and 5, 1998. Strong feeder bands from the Tropical Storm with dangerous thunderstorm cells produced tornadoes primarily in the Upper Keys. Islamorada experienced an F-I tornado, while Rock Harbor and Key Largo were hit by F-2's. (According to information from the National Weather Service Office in Key West). The Fujita Tornado Scale shown below. Also included is a comparison of tropical cyclone classifications on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale (which will be provided in detail in the section on Tropical Cyclones) and Tornado ratings on the Fujita Scale. 34 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identi5cationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 FO Gale Tornado Winds 40-72 mph Some damage to chimneys. Tree branches broken off. Shallow rooted trees uprooted. F1 Moderate Tornado Winds 31-112 mph Peels surfaces off roofs. Mobile homes overturned. Moving autos pushed off roads. F2 Significant Tornado Winds 113-157 mph Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses. Large trees snapped or uprooted. Light object missiles generated. F3 Severe Tornado Winds 158-206 mph Severe damage. Roofs and some walls torn off Well -constructed homes. Trains overturned. Most trees in forests uprooted. Heavy cars lifted off ground and thrown. F4 Devastating Tornado Winds 207-260 mph Well -constructed houses leveled. Structures with weak foundations blown off some distance. Cars thrown and large missiles generated. FS Incredible Tornado Winds 216-319 mph Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and disintegrated. Automobile -sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 mph. Trees debarked. F6 Inconceivable Tornado Winds 319 mph to Mach 1 Maximum wind speeds of tornadoes not expected to reach F-6. 35 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Relationships in Wind Speed and Effects on Structures Tropical Cyclones and Tornadoes Tropical Storm = FO Tornado Category 1 & 2 Hurricane = F1 Tornado Category 3 & 4 Hurricane = F2 Tornado Category 5 Hurricane = F3 Tornado F4 & F5 Tornadoes have no corresponding hurricane relationships. (From "Florida Hazardous Weather" provided by the National Weather Service, Miami, FL) The following chart shows a comparison of tornado occurrences for seven South Florida Counties for the years 1959-1995. (From National Weather Service, Miami) TORNADOES DEATHS, INJURIES, DAMAGE 1959-1995 Countv Number Deaths Iniuries Broward 67 1 60 Collier 32 2 22 Dade 70 0 118 Glades 7 0 3 Hendry17 1 13 Monroe 31 0 51 Palm Beach 81 0 39 TOTALS 305 4 306 AVERAGES 43.5 0.57 43.7 The chart on the following page shows specific tornado statistics provided by the National Weather Service in Miami for Monroe County 36 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 TORNADO STATISTICS FOR MONROE COUNTY FLORIDA 1959 —1995 Year Month Day Deaths Injuries Damage F-Scale Location Remarks 1959 July 1 0 0 3K 0 Gar.Bght,KW 1964 March 14 0 0 0 1 Big Pine 1965 Sept. 8 0 0 0 1 Marathon Hur.Betsy 1965 Sept. 8 0 0 0 1 Big Pine Hur.Betsy 1966 June 2 0 1 25K 1 Key West 1967 Sept. 2 0 0 3K 1 Lwr. Mtcmb. 1969Aug. 25 0 0 3K 1 Mid/(JpKys. 1970 May 24 0 0 2K 1 Big Pine 1970 May 25 0 0 0 1 Big Pine 1972 June 18 0 40 342K 2 B .Co itt Hur.Agnes 1972 June 18 0 0 400K 2 Key West Hur.Agnes 1972 June 18 0 0 10K 0 KyClnyBch Hur.Agnes 1972 Sept. 9 0 0 3K 0 Stk.Island 1976Aug. 7 0 0 lK 0 Lwr.Mtcmb. 1978 Aug. 20 0 0 25K 1 Key West 1979 June 28 0 0 3K 0 Key West 1980A ril 27 0 10 250K 1 Cud'oe 1981 Aug. 16 0 0 0 0 Plnt.Key TSDennis 1982 June 2 0 0 6K 0 Plnt.Key TSAlberto 1982 June 3 0 0 125K I Stk.Isl. TSAlberto 1982 June 3 0 0 2K 0 Cud"oe TSAlberto 1982 June 9 0 0 4K 0 Plnt.Key 1983 June 20 0 0 500K 1 Sugarloaf 1984 March 23 0 0 25K 0 Big Pine 1986 June 21 0 0 75K 1 Plnt.Key 1987Oct. 11 0 0 75K 0 K Lar o Hur.Flo d 1988 April 25 0 0 lK 0 Stock Isl. 1988 May 16 0 0 lK 0 Key West 1989 March 7 0 0 2K 0 Big Pine 1989 May 3 0 0 0 0 Key West 1993 July 17 0 0 5K 0 K .Lar o 1993 Aug. 17 0 0 7K 0 K .Lar o 1994 March 2 0 0 2K 0 Pigeon K. 1994 Sept. 10 0 0 2K 0 Islamorada 1994 Oct. 29 0 0 0 0 Layton 1994 Dec. 21 0 0 lK 0 K .Lar o 1995 April 8 0 0 50K 1 Tavernier 1995 June 18 0 0 15K 0 Marathon TOTALS 0 51 1968K Number of Tornadoes=38 Average Per Year-1.0 Number of F5=0 Number of F4=0 Number of F3=0 Number of F2=2 Percenta a=5.3% Number of F1=13 Percenta a=34.2% Number of F0=23 Percenta a=60.5% Number of Fl+F2=15 Percenta a=39.5% 37 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 fine Warning Meteorologist for the Miami National Weather Service Office provided the following information on "Notable Monroe County Tornadoes" for the Years 1972-1998. NOTABLE MONROE COUNTY TORNADOES 1972-1998 Date Time Deaths Injuries Damage F Scale Loc. Remarks June 18, 1972 0115 0 40 342K 2 Bg.Cpt. Agnes June 18, 1972 0200 0 0 400K 2 KyWst. Agnes April27,1980 1215 0 10 250K 1 Cudjoe June 20, 1983 2014 0 0 500K 1 Sugarloaf May 22, 1997 2135 0 0 150K 1 Grs.Key Aug.24, 1997 2330 0 0 0 0 Layton Sept.15, 1997 0800 0 0 0 0 Duck Ky. Feb. 02, 1998 1947 0 0 20M 1 Grs.Ky GrdHgDy Feb. 02, 1998 2010 0 0 0 0 Grs.Ky GrdHgDy Nov.04, 1998 1830 0 7 30M 2 Ky.Lrg Mitch The statistics show that while Monroe County may not experience as many tornadoes as some of its neighboring counties, tornadoes remain a costly and serious risk for the Keys. Severe Thunder Storms. Including Winds Thunderstorms affect relatively small areas when compared with hurricanes. The average thunderstorm is 15 miles in diameter and lasts about 30 minutes. However, despite their small size, aU thunderstorms are dangerous. Every thunderstorm produces lightning which kills more people each year than tornadoes. Heavy rain from thunderstorms can cause flooding. Strong winds, hail, downbursts, and tornadoes are dangers associated with thunderstorms. Thunderstorm activity is typical in the tropical climate of the Keys. The following are descriptions of dangerous affects associated with thunderstorms. Downbursts: Downbursts are a small area of rapidly descending air beneath a thunderstorm. They can cause damaging winds in excess of 100 mph. The strong winds usually approach from one direction and may be known as "straight-line" winds. In extreme cases straight-line winds can reach speeds equal to a strong tornado, and can cause significant damage to buildings. Strong winds may or may not occur with rain. 38 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Straight -Line Winds: Straight-line winds are responsible for most thunderstorm wind damage. Winds may exceed 100 mph. Downbursts, discussed above, are one type of straight-line wind that can cause damage equivalent to a strong tornado and can be extremely dangerous to aviation. Downbursts and straight-line winds cause from the thunderstorms associated with hurricanes cause much of the damage that occurs, especially in severe storms, like Hurricane Andrew. The effects of these winds are sometimes mistaken for tornado damage. Large Hail: The strong rising currents of air within a storm, called updrafts, carry water droplets to a height where freezing occurs. Ice particles grow in size, finally becoming too heavy to be supported by the updraft and fall to the ground as hail. Large hailstones can fall at speeds faster than 100 MPH. Hail causes nearly $1 billion in damage to property and crops annually in the USA. Although hail is not frequent in the Keys, it has occurred. The chart below shows deaths, injuries, and damage from severe thunderstorms for seven South Florida counties for the years 1959-1995. SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS DEATHS AND INJURIES 1959-1995 Counrii Number Deaths Iniuries Broward 101 1 24 Collier 34 0 4 Dade 83 5 10 Glades 5 0 0 Hendry 18 1 9 Monroe 24 0 0 Palm Beach 83 2 8 TOTALS 348 9 47 AVERAGES 49.7 1.3 6.7 39 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Floods Fresh Water Flooding Most flooding that occurs in Monroe County is caused by storm surge generated from tropical cyclones. (Storm surge is discussed in the following section.) The populated areas of the county, the Keys Island chain. do not have inland areas and such waterways as rivers and streams and are therefore not subject to this type of "inland flooding". In addition, the coral rock and limestone soil composition of the Keys allows rainwater to filter through more readily than compact soils such as dirt and clay surfaces. Another factor which reduces the potential for fresh water flooding is that rainwater can run-off into the two bodies of water, the Gulf and Atlantic that surround the islands and therefore is not trapped on land. There are some areas such as parking lots that may experience ponding; (water collecting on impervious surfaces e.g. pavement) however, fresh water flooding has not been a major problem for Monroe County, with the exception of the City of Key West. Because it is highly urbanized and has "low" areas which are paved and subject to ponding, the City of Key West can, at times, experience fresh water flooding. This is especially true when storm drains cannot handle the water flow from rain events and street flooding occurs. The City of Key West intends to replace aging and inadequate infrastructure with new storm water drainage improvements. Flooding problems are somewhat lessened in Key West because water can flow out from the city into the adjacent Gulf and Atlantic Oceans. 40 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 In the following major flooding events that occurred in South Florida counties from 1959-1994, Monroe County is listed only once. SOUTH FLORIDA MAJOR FLOODING EVENTS 1959-1994 Counties Dates Maximum Rainfall Property Damage (Inches) Dade, Glades, Hendry Nov. 13-16,1994 16 $10 mil. Broward, Palm Beach Palm Beach Nov. 8, 1982 14 $0.3 mil. Dade, Broward, Apr.24, 1982 12 $0.5 mil. Palm Beach Palm Beach March 28-29, 1982 16 $0.3 mil. Dade August 15-18, 1981 20 $1.0 mil. *Monroe Nov. 11-12, 1980 23 $1.0 mil. Broward, Dade, April 24-25, 1979 18 $20 mil. Palm Beach Palm Beach Dec. 11, 1978 14 $3.0 mil. Collier June 24-28, 1974 10 $0.1 mil. Broward, Dade Oct. 31, 1969 11 Unknown Broward, Palm Beach Oct. 14-15, 1965 25 $4.0 mil. Broward Oct. 31, 1965 14 $2.0 mil. Dade, Broward Nov. 18-19, 1959 Unknown Unknown *This Monroe County flooding incident occurred in the City of Key West in approximately a 24-hour period from November 11-12, 1980 and came to be known as the "Veteran's Day Storm". It was caused from the influence of Tropical Storm Jenne that was over Cuba and a stalled cold front. These combined systems produced 23 inches of rain in 24 hours, the heaviest amount of 24-hour rainfall ever 41 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 recorded for the area. Even though the water was pouring out into the neighboring oceans, the tremendous amount of precipitation occurring in such a short period of time resulted in widespread flooding especially in streets and low-lying areas. Weather Service reports indicate that 300 vehicles and 500 buildings were seriously damaged. It was fortunate that the event happened on the Veteran's Day holiday and most people were able to stay in their homes. Another significant weather event that affected Monroe County was the "Storm of the Century", a severe, mega -winter storm that occurred from March 12-23, 1993. The storm moved from the Florida West Coast across the state and up the eastern seaboard, reeking havoc from Florida to New England. It brought heavy rains, wind, and coastal flooding to the Southeast and blizzard -like conditions in the Northeast. When it was finally over, the total damage estimates were over $800 million, with over $200 mil. in Florida. Fifty-two lives were lost. The Keys experienced high winds and tides and substantial amounts of rainfall. Monroe County was included in the 38 counties that were declared a Presidential disaster area. Storm Surge Flooding "A hurricane is when the wind blows so hard, the ocean gets up on its hind legs and walks right across the land." (Quote from the movie, "Key Largo".) Storm surge is a major player in causing death and destruction in the Florida Keys. Information in the (,;4onroe County Hurricane Preparedness, Evacuation and Shelter, Interim Plan notes that storm surge is responsible for 90% of the damage caused by hurricanes. The "Hurricane Familiarization Handbook" produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) states; "the hurricanes' worst killer comes from the sea, in the form of storm surge, which claims nine of ten victims in a hurricane." Storm surge, sometimes reaching heights of 23-30 feet has been associated with some of the largest losses of life associated with tropical cyclones at the coastline. Examples are Galveston Island, Texas in 1900 where 6,000 lives were lost and the 1919 and 1935 Hurricanes that hit the Florida Keys causing the deaths of 600+ and 408 souls respectively. Storm surge should not be confused with waves. Unlike waves that can crash and dissipate at the shoreline, storm surge is a rising dome of water that does not disperse until its comes inland. The following description of storm surge is based on a 1995 publication, dealing with the "Deadliest Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1994" produced by the National Hurricane Center: "Storm surge is the rise of water (often described as a "dome of rising water') caused by wind and pressure forces of a hurricane. These forces induce currents in the water. While the hurricane is in deep water, these currents produce little storm surge because converging water and the subsequent piling up is compensated by currents at greater depth moving water away. However, as the hurricane moves onto the continental shelf and makes landfall, the compensating currents are eliminated by the slope of the shelf and the shoreline, and the converging water rises. The rising water may over -top barrier islands and other exposed inland areas or be funneled into bays and estuaries. In many cases, 7horeline. ximum storm surge heights have been recorded at the heads of bays or even inland away from the Generally storm surge rises to a peak and returns to normal in 6 to 12 hours. However, in 42 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 intense or rapidly moving storms, rapid rises and falls on the order of minutes to an hour have been reported. Riding on top of the storm surge are waves which cause major damage when they break against structures. The "Monroe County Hurricane Preparedness Guide" describes storm surge as: "A dome -like rise in ocean level associated with a hurricane. The difference between this abnormal rise in sea level (caused by wind and pressure forces of the hurricane) and the level that would occur otherwise is called the storm surge. It is highest along and to the immediate right of where the eye of a hurricane strikes land." Storm surge is influenced by both pressure and wind forces. Low barometric pressure. Low barometric pressure in the center of the storm reduces the weight of the air on the ocean surface. Water reacts to the decrease in pressure by rising slightly (1-2 feet) to create a dome, and a new balance of forces. This phenomenon of rising water caused by decreasing pressure is called the "inverted barometer" effect. Wind. Wind sweeps around the dome of water and induces currents that spiral toward the center of the storm. In deep water, as water is piling up, it creates pressure on water at lower depths. Here, the water at lower depths can more readily escape, reducing water height. Closer to the coast, however, there is less opportunity for water at lower depths to escape. The water is forced to rise and storm surge results. Of these two forces, the wind is the dominant force at landfall. Islands and coastal areas that have a short Continental Shelf that drops off quickly (e.g. Fort Lauderdale, FL) have less problems with storm surge because water at lower depths is provided and avenue of escape. (Information for this section from "Introduction to Hurricane Preparedness", NWS/FEMA, et.al.) Thus, the more shallow the water depth offshore the less the storm surge can dissipate before hitting land. This is why storm surge values are higher in the Keys, where the Continental Shelf gently slopes and does not drop off quickly. Storm tide is another measure of rising water. The total elevation of water causing the flooding is called storm tide. Storm tide consists of three major components: storm surge, astronomical high tide, and breaking wave set-up. (From the "Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study, 198311.) The following chart from the Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study" shows the worst possible storm tide ranges by county in the areas covered by the Study and produced from the methodologies used in the Study. The Chart references the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale that categorizes storms by order of intensity. The lowest being a Category 1 and the highest being a Category 5. 43 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Saffir-Simpson Elevation (Feet Above Mean Sea Level) Scale Number Monroe Dade Broward Palm Beach 1 5 5 4 4 2 7 7 5 5 3 10 10 7 6 4 13 13 9 8 5 15+ 15+ ll+ 9+ In the mid-1980's a surge modeling technique was developed called the SLOSH (Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) model. Prior to- the development of the SLOSH model the SPLASH model was used. This methodology computed storm surge heights only over water and at the coastline. The SLOSH model added the ability to estimate the inland distribution of flooding to determine areas that may need to be evacuated. The SLOSH model takes several factors into consideration to calculate the potential height of water above mean sea level: • Low atmospheric pressure created by the hurricane. • Wind stress combined with increasing elevation of the Continental Shelf. �W* The size of the hurricane. • The angle that the hurricanes track makes with the coastline. • The forward speed of the hurricane when it crosses the coastline. • The effects of such features as underwater sills, channel, and rivers. • The effects of obstructions on land such as sand dunes, roads, levees, etc. The SLOSH model consists of a set of equations governing the changes in the height of the water surface that are based on certain principles of physics, including the Newtonian equations of motion and the continuity equations of motion, applied to a retaining fluid with a free surface. The margin of error associated with the SLOSH model is + or — 20%. One measure of the SLOSH model is called the MEOW. MEOW stands for Maximum Envelope of Water. The MEOW values are obtained by modeling the maximum expected storm surge for specific locations using various combinations of hurricane strength, forward speed, and direction of motion. The MEOWS are calculated for numerous storm directions, tracks, and intensities (categories of storms). Directions include West -Southwest, West, West -Northwest, Northwest, North -Northwest, North, North - Northeast, Northeast, East, Northeast, and East. In the case of the Florida Keys, Meows are generated for both sides of the area, those that face the Gulf and those that face the Atlantic. The MEOWs are then used to determine the MOM's (Maximum of Maximums) which are the worst case situations of all tracks. 44 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Below are listed examples of MOM values for locations in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Keys in Monroe County: MOM (MAXIMUM OF MAXIMUMS) VALUES FOR SPECIFIC LOCATIONS IN MONROE COUNTY (UPPER, LOWER, AND MIDDLE KEYS) WORST CASES Water Location (Lower Keys) Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Location Name Key West Key West Key West Key West Key West Key West Key West Key West Key West Key West Stock Island Stock Island Stock Island Stock Island Stock Island Key Haven Key Haven Key Haven Key Haven Key Haven Sugarloaf Shores Sugarloaf Shores Sugarloaf Shores Sugarloaf Shores Sugarloaf Shores Sugarloaf Sugarloaf Sugarloaf Sugarloaf Sugarloaf Cudjoe Key Cudjoe Key Cudjoe Key Cudjoe Key Cudjoe Key Storm Category Direction Value 1 WSW 3' 2 WSW 4' 3 WSW 9' 4 WSW 9' 5 WSW 10, 1 WSW 4' 2 WSW 6' 3 WSW 9' 4 WSW 10, 5 WSW 10, 1 WEST 4' 2 WEST 7' 3 WEST 8' 4 WEST 9' 5 WEST I F 1 WEST 5' 2 WEST 7' 3 WEST 9' 4 WEST 10' 5 WEST 12' 1 WNW 4' 2 WNW 7' 3 WNW 9' 4 WNW 10' 5 WNW I F 1 WSW 6' 2 WSW 8' 3 WSW 10, 4 WSW 11' 5 WSW 12' 1 NNW 4' 2 NNW 7' 3 NNW 9' 4 NNW 10' 5 NNW 11' 45 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 MOM (MAXIMUM OF MAXIMUMS) VALUES FOR CERTAIN LOCATIONS IN MONROE COUNTY (UPPER, LOWER, AND MIDDLE KEYS) WORST CASES (CONTINUED) Water Location Location Name Storm Category Direction Value (Lower Keys) Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside (Middle Keys) Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside (Upper Keys) Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Oceanside Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside Bayside LOceanside Big Pine Key 1 EAST 0' Big Pine Key 2 EAST 7' Big Pine Key 3 EAST 10, Big Pine Key 4 EAST 11' Big Pine Key 5 EAST 11' Big Pine Key 1 WNW 4' Big Pine Key 2 WNW 6' Big Pine Key 3 WNW 8' Big Pine Key 4 WNW 10, Big Pine Key 5 WNW 11' Marathon (MM 48.5) 1 EAST 4' Marathon (MM 48.5) 2 EAST 6' Marathon (MM 48.5) 3 EAST 8' Marathon (MM 48.5) 4 EAST 9' Marathon (MM 48.5) 5 EAST 10, Duck Key 1 WNW 4' Duck Key 2 WNW 6' Duck Key 3 WNW 7' Duck Key 4 WNW 9' Duck Key 5 WNW 10, Conch Key 1 EAST 4' Conch Key 2 EAST 8' Conch Key 3 EAST 10, Conch Key 4 EAST 11' Conch Key 5 EAST 12' Islamorada (MM82) 1 NW 4' Islamorada (MM82) 2 NW 6' Islamorada (MM82) 3 NW 7' Islamorada (MM82) 4 NW 9' Islamorada (MM82) 5 NW 10, Islamorada (MM83.5) 1 EAST 5' Islamorada (MM83.5) 2 EAST 8' Islamorada (MM83.5) 3 EAST 10, Islamorada (MM83.5) 4 EAST 10, Islamorada (MM83.5) 5 EAST 11' Plantation Key (MM90) 1 WEST 4' 46 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 MOM (MAXIMUM OF MAXIMUMS) VALUES FOR CERTAIN LOCATIONS IN MONROE COUNTY (UPPER, LOWER, AND MIDDLE KEYS) WORST CASES (CONTINUED) Water Location Location Name Storm Category Direction Value Oceanside Plantation Key (MM90) 2 WEST 6' Oceanside Plantation Key (MM90) 3 WEST 8' Oceanside Plantation Key (MM90) 4 WEST 9' Oceanside Plantation Key (MM90) 5 WEST 11' Bayside Plantation Key (MM88.5) 1 EAST 6' Bayside Plantation Key (MM88.5) 2 EAST 10' Bayside Plantation Key (MM88.5) 3 EAST 11' Bayside Plantation Key (MM88.5) 4 EAST 12' Bayside Plantation Key (MM88.5) 5 EAST 13' Oceanside Tavernier (MM93) 1 EAST 4' Oceanside Tavernier (MM93) 2 EAST 7' Oceanside Tavernier (MM93) 3 EAST 12' Oceanside Tavernier (MM93) 4 EAST 14' Oceanside Tavernier (MM93) 5 EAST 14' Oceanside Key Largo (@MM105) 1 EAST 3' Oceanside Key Largo (@MM105) 2 EAST 5' Oceanside Key Largo (@1V MI05) 3 EAST 6' Oceanside Key Largo (@MM105) 4 EAST 13' Oceanside Key Largo (@V M105) 5 EAST 13' Bayside Key Largo (@MM105) 1 EAST 6' Bayside Key Largo (@MM105) 2 EAST 10' Bayside Key Largo (@MM105) 3 EAST 12' Bayside Key Largo (@MM105) 4 EAST 14' Bayside Key Largo (@MM105) 5 EAST 14' (*Note: the "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management rian identifies the average terrain in the Keys as between 4 and 7 feet.) This information provides a good example of the hazard of "double -sided" surge, which increases the risk potential for storm surge damage in the Keys twofold. After Hurricane Donna, September 10, 1960, a Category 4 storm that made landfall in the Middle Keys and Hurricane Georges, September 25, 1998, a Category 2 storm, that made landfall in the Lower Keys, high water mark values were determined for certain locations in Monroe County. High water marks are physical indicators that storm flooding rose to a certain level. Examples are debris lines on the land and stains on wood or dry wall in buildings. The studies were completed through the US Army Corps of Engineer, Jacksonville District. Shown below are some of the more significant high water mark locations for Georges and Donna. 47 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identi5cationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Hurricane Georges Value Location* 6.0' Boca Chica Naval Air Station MM 7-8 6.5' MM 11.2 6.7' Cudjoe Shores, MM 21 7.4' Cudjoe shores, MM 23 6.4' MM 23.9 6.6' Summerland Key MM25 7.7' West end of Big Pine Key MM 32 10.8' MM 35 Bahia Honda State Park 10.3' MM 37 Bahia Honda State Park 6.7' MM 3 8.5, Ohio Key 6.0' Marathon Shores @ MM 53 6.6' Coco Plum Subdivision, Marathon 9.2' US 1 near Duck Key MM61.5 8.3 MM 63 Conch Key 5.5' Long Key State Park, MM 66.5 5.7' Long Key State Park, MM 66.8 6.6' Craig Key, MM 73 6.4' Lower Matecumbe, MM 74 6.1' Upper Matecumbe, MM 77.8 4.9' Upper Matecumbe, MM 79.3 4.3' Whale Harbor, MM 84 5.1' Windley Key, MM 85 *Mile -Markers are listed as a reference and may not be the exact location where the high water mark measurements were taken. 48 X Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Hurricane Donna Value Location* 4.7' Bay side, Boca Chica Naval Air Station MM 7-8 6.6' Bay side Sugarloaf Key @MM 17 6.4' Ocean side Sugarloaf Key @MM 17 3.43' Bay side Big Pine @MM 29 3.20' Ocean side Big Pine @MM 29 8.48' Bay side Vaca Cut @MM 49 8.78' Bay side Marathon MM 50 9.48' Ocean side Marathon @MM 50.5 7.40' Bay side Conch Key @MM 63 5.47' Ocean side Conch Key @MM 63 6.02' Bay side Long Key @ MM 68 8.49' Bay side Craig Key @MM 72 7.87' Ocean side Craig Key @MM 72 10.8' Ocean side Lower Matecumbe @MM 77 10.94' Ocean side Upper Matecumbe @MM 82.5 13.45' Ocean side Islamorada, @MM 83 12.20' Ocean side Islamorada, @MM 83.5 10.30' Ocean side Islamorada @MM 84 10.57' Bay side Islamorada @MM 84 8.59' Ocean side Tavernier @MM 93 8.87' Bay side Rock Harbor @MM 99 7.18' Ocean side Key Largo @MM 101 *Mile -Markers are listed as a reference and may not be the exact location where the high water mark measurements were taken. A map showing the high water marks surveyed for Hurricane Donna is included in the Map's Attachment located at the end of this document. In addition to storm surge, other risks from storm effects are dependent on wind intensity and amount of rainfall associated with a storm 49 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Wind The effects of wind on Monroe County have previously been discussed in the section dealing with tornadoes. Also, the affect of wind as a measure of storm intensity will be discussed in the following section dealing with Tropical Cyclones. It is interesting to note that the Wind Speed Maps provided to Monroe County by the Department of Community Affairs, generated through the TAOS model, showed an equal distribution of winds over the entire area of the Keys for each storm scenario. This is demonstrates that the county's flat, narrow terrain does not provide a friction effect that would slow the wind speed as in some locations, e.g. inland areas. Tropical Cyclones The United States National Weather Service technical definition of a tropical cyclone is: "A nonfrontal, warm -core, low pressure system of synoptic scale, developing over tropical or subtropical waters and having a definite organized circulation." In practice, circulation refers to "a closed, counterclockwise (in Northern Hemisphere) airflow from the earth's surface". (Information from NHC document, "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1994", Dr. Ed Rappaport and Jose Fernandez-Patagas.) Meteorologists generally recognize three classes of tropical cyclones stratified by their highest one - minute average surface wind speed: • Tropical Depressions —Have maximum windspeeds less than 39 mph (generally greater than 20-25 mph). • Tropical Storms - Are characterized by maximum wind speeds from 39-73 mph. • Hurricanes - Have wind speeds of, at least, 74 mph. Hurricane Season To emphasize that hurricanes are almost always a warm -weather event, the following mariner's ditty is quoted in the National Hurricane Center Document, "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492- 1994". `June — too soon. July — stand by. August — look out you must. September — remember. October — all over.' The Hurricane Center document is quick to point out that the reference to October "seems to describe the spatial distribution rather than a cessation of activity." The National Hurricane Center defines the hurricane season to run from June to November. Historically, the most active months are August and September, but hurricanes can form whenever the water they feed on is 80 degrees or higher. 50 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Saffir-Simpson Scale As explained earlier, the intensity of tornadoes is evaluated by the Fujita Tornado Scale and uses the F 1-6 designation to show wind speed and strength. Hurricanes are measured by the Saffir-Simpson Scale, which classifies storms into Categories 1-5 depending on intensity. The following chart is based on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale with Monroe County Storm Surge Values as used in the "Monroe County Hurricane Preparedness Brochure". Damage descriptions are from "Florida Hazardous Weather, a Preparedness Guide", NOAA et.al. 51 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Tropical Storm Winds 35-74 mph Cateeory 1 Wind Speed MPH 74-95 mph FL Keys Storm Surge Range 3'-6' Damage Type Minimal Damage Description No real damage to buildings. Damage to unanchored mobile homes. Some damage to poorly constructed sign. Cateeory 2 Wind Speed MPH 96-110 mph FL Keys Storm Surge Range 4'-8' Damage Type Moderate Damage Description Some wind damage to building roof, doors, and windows. Mobile homes demolished. Some trees blown down. Cateeory 3 Wind Speed MPH 111-130 mph FL Keys Storm Surge Range 5'-10' Damage Type Extensive Damage Description Some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings. Large trees blown down. Mobile homes and poorly constructed signs destroyed. Cateeory 4 Wind Speed MPH 131-155 mph FL Keys Storm Surge Range 6'-12' Damage Type Extreme Damage Description Wall failure in homes and complete roof structure failure on small homes. Total destruction of mobile homes. Trees, shrubs, and signs blown down... Cateeory 5 Wind Speed MPH Over 155 mph FL Keys Storm Surge Range 7'-14' Damage Type Catastrophic Damage Description Complete roof failure on homes and industrial buildings. Some complete building failures. Severe and extensive window and door damage. are sustained winds, gusts will be h 52 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 "Hurricane, A Familiarization Booklet" (NOAA) distributed by the National Hurricane Center provides listings of the deadliest, costliest, and most intense hurricanes in the United States from 1900 to 1992. Deadliest: Thirty one storms are identified as the deadliest (25 or more deaths), of these thirty-one, four occurrences in the Florida Keys were listed (approximately 13%): • The 1919 Hurricane, a Category 4 storm, that resulted in approximately 600 deaths. • The 1935, "Labor Day Storm", a Category 5 storm, that resulted in approximately 408 deaths. • Hurricane Betsy, 1965, a Category 3 storm, that resulted in approximately 75 deaths. • Hurricane Donna, 1960, a Category 4 storm that resulted in approximately 50 deaths. • *Although not included in the "Hurricane Familiarization Booklet", Hurricane Andrew, 1992, Category 5, is listed in the publication "The Deadliest Tropical Cyclones", 1492-1994 (NHC) as having 26 deaths. The publication "The Deadliest Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1994" (NHC) cites several historical incidents occurring off the Florida Keys. These include October 4, 1695, "offshore loss of 933 ton warship." and 1550, Spanish ship Vitacion, 200 tons,"lost during a hurricane". Costliest (more than $400,000,000 damage) (adjusted to 1990 dollars): Of the thirty-six incidents listed, three occurrences in the Florida Keys were included: Hurricane Andrew, 1992, about $25 billion (the most expensive listed). Hurricane Betsey, 1965, $6,461,303,000 (the third most expensive listed) Hurricane Donna, 1960, $1,823,605,000 *Since this list was completed Monroe County experienced Hurricane Georges, for which current damage figures estimate approximately $300,000,000 loss. Most Intense: Of the sixty-one storms listed Monroe County experienced 6 events. Monroe County, therefore received almost 10% of the most severe storms: MOST INTENSE HURRICANES AFFECTING MONROE COUNTY 1900-1992 Hurricane Year Category Millibars Inches Labor Day Storm 1935 5 892 26.35 Hurricane Andrew 1992 4 922 27.23 Unamed 1919 4 927 27.37 Hurricane Donna 1960 4 930 27.46 Hurricane Betsy 1965 3 948 27.99 Unnamed 1909 3 957 28.96 53 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 This information underscores the historically high risk for costly, intense, and deadly hurricanes in Monroe County. (Fortunately, due to better forecasting capabilities and improved public safety, information, and warning programs the trend has been for declining storm -related deaths. However, because of rising populations and additional construction of infrastructure, damage loss due to hurricanes has been increasing over time.) Frequency, Magnitude, and Distribution are primary factors in determining storm risk. The following chart is based on information provided in the "Lower Southeast Hurricane Evacuation Study 1983". Adjustments have been made to include Hurricane Andrew, August 1992. CHART SHOWING NUMBER OF CATEGORY 4 AND 5 HURRICANES OCCURRING FROM 1900 TO 1992 FOR SELECTED SOUTH FLORIDA COUNTIES Saffir-Simpson Storm Category Monroe Dade Broward Palm Beach Cntys.Total 4 3 2 3 3 11 5 1 0 0 0 1 Individual Totals 4 2 3 3 12 The chart shows that Monroe County experienced the greatest magnitude of high intensity (Category 4&5) storms in the sampling for a total of 4 with a percentage rate of 33% of the cumulative total for all counties. 54 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 The chart below based on the "Lower Southeast Hurricane Evacuation Study, 1983" displays the number of hurricanes since 1900 to 1983 for the sample counties. CHART SHOWING NUMBER OF HURRICANES FROM 1900-1983 FOR FOUR SOUTH FLORIDA COUNTIES BY SAFFIR SIMPSON SCALE CATEGORY Saffir Simpson Storm Category Monroe Dade Broward Palm Beach Cn4 s.Total 1 2 1 0 1 2 6 6 4 7 23 3 8 6 1 3 18 4 2 1 2 2 7 5 1 0 0 0 1 53 Individual Totals 19 14 7 13 53 Monroe County has the highest overall number of storms and 36% of the total. The information in this chart shows that Monroe County experienced the greatest number of storms in the sampling (frequency) for the same period of years as the other counties (distribution). Storm frequency is difficult to quantify and is also related to intensity. For example, the historic frequency for a Category 5 storm in Key West is projected to be 36 years, a Category 4, 22 years, with frequency increasing as intensity decreases. During meetings held by the Department of Community Affairs about the Hazard Mitigation Grant Project process, it was explained that probabilities applied to Monroe County indicate a 25% yearly chance of risk for a hurricane. Jerry Jarrell, Director of the National Hurricane Center, recently stated at the Governor's Hurricane Conference that the Keys have a chance of being affected by a major storm every four years. He also advised that storm history is very important in hurricane planning. The Maps' Attachment at the end of this document contains maps showing hurricane frequency in decades beginning with the 1940s. The data provided in this section shows that Monroe County follows a similar pattern to other areas in South Florida regarding storm distribution. In periods of increased frequency such as the 1960's and La Nina years such as the 1990s the Florida Keys experienced the same or slightly greater amount of tropical cyclones as other locations in the region. By the end of September, in the current 1999 Hurricane Season, the Florida Keys had already been subjected to threats from 2 major hurricanes, Dennis and Floyd, and was directly affected by Tropical Storm Harvey. The ultimate direction of approach, impact area, and intensity at landfall are elusive storm variables. In addition, since major storms generally thrive over warm waters, have characteristic abrupt changes of direction, and present inconsistent probabilities of landfall, (even within 12 hours of coming onshore), the Florida Keys may be the most dangerous hurricane risk area in the nation. (From "Monroe County 409 Addendum for Hurricane Andrew, 1993".) Historical and recent events 55 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 �(derscore storm unpredictability and forecasting difficulties that increase risk. Both Hurricane Betsey in 1965 and Tropical Storm Harvey in 1999 moved north of the Keys and then changed direction, headed south and affected the Keys. The recent tracks of Hurricane Dennis and Hurricane Floyd (September 1999) paralleling the coastline required storm watches and warnings to be posted at various locations along the entire eastern seaboard. Hurricane Floyd (September 13, 1999) came within 24 hours of direct landfall in Monroe County before it curved northward. 56 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 (bwListed below is a chronology of major storm events, which have affected Monroe County. Also displayed is the magnitude of each storm by categories of the Saffir-Simpson Scale, a listing of property damage, and storm -related deaths. (These figures may reflect the total for each storm including Monroe County or figures for Monroe County only.) Date Intensity Est Damage $ Deaths Octoberl 1, 1909 Category 4 $1,000,000 34 Octoberl7,1910 Category 3 $ 300,000 30 Sept. 15,1919 Category 4 $2,000,000 600-900 Sept. 2, 1935 Category 5 $6,000,000 408 October 18, 1944 Category 3 $ 200,000 (w/Cuba)300 Sept. 18,1948 Category 3 $12,000,000 (not listed -25) Sept. 10, 1960 Category 4 $1,823,605,000 50 Hurricane Donna October 4, 1948 Category 2 $ 5,500,000 (not listed -25) Sept. 7,1965, Category 3 $ 7,260,000 (w/LA) 76 Hurricane Betsy October 4, 1966, Category 1 minimal none Hurricane Inez June 2, 1982, Tropical Storm $ 100,000 none T.S. Alberto Nov. 21,1982, Category 2 $ 50,000 none Hurricane Kate October 13, 1987, Category 1 +$100,000 none Hurricane Floyd August 24, 1992, Category 4 @$131,000,000(MC) (total) 26 Hurricane Andrew (Information from Hurricane Andrew "409 Addendum" for Monroe County.) Sept. 25-26, 1998 Hurricane Georges Category 2 @$300,000,000 1 Nov. 4-5, 1998 Tropical Storm @$11,000,000 none Tropical Storm Mitch (Information from MC Emergency Management and FL Dept. of Community Affairs) 57 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 The following is a description of major storm events affecting Monroe County. Severe weather events for the individual municipalities will also be identified in the Municipal Vulnerability Profiles provided later in the Mitigation Strategy. 1919 Hurricane, (Duration, September 2-15 — The Hurricane passed Key West and the Dry Tortugas on a westward course. Key West recorded winds of 95 mph, with a barometric pressure of 28.81 inches (Hurricane Andrew was 27.23). *Tide levels (unclear whether storm tide or storm surge) were 5-7 feet above Mean Sea Level (MSL) 1929 Hurricane (Duration September 22 to October 4) — The hurricane crossed over Key Largo on a northerly course. Key Largo reported winds estimated at over 100 mph, a central barometric. pressure of 28 inches, and *tide levels of 8-9 feet above MSL. Key West experienced tide levels of.5-6 feet above MSL and winds of 66 mph. 1935, (Duration, August 29-September 10) - The small, extremely violent, category :) numcane crossed the Florida Keys on a northwesterly track. The Tavernier-Islamorada area reported winds estimated at 120 mph with gusts from 190-210 mph. Tide levels in the Florida Keys ranged from 14 feet above MSL in Key Largo to 18 feet above MSL in Lower Matecumbe Key. The storm was so intense and tightly wrapped that Key West had tide levels of only 2 feet above MSL and average sustained winds of less than 40 mph. One of the most tragic aspects of the 1935 storm was the unfortunate death of many WWI veterans who were working on construction of Henry Flagler's Overseas Railroad. On display in the Monroe County Planning, Building, and Zoning Department in Plantation Key (MM 88.5) is an original accounting of "Total Known Dead" compiled by E.U. Woodward for Lt. Commander, William H. Green of the Veteran's Storm Relief. Shown below is graphic information detailed on the document: NJ "Following Hurricane of September 2, 1935 Civilians Veterans Total Dead 164 259 Cremations Lower Matecumbe 82 Cremations Upper Matecumbe 136 Remainder buried or cremated by families, etc." The 1935 Keys Hurricane remains the strongest storm ever to hit the Continental United States. Monroe County has experienced 4 out of 6 (66%) of the most intense storms affecting the Continental US. 58 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Hurricane Donna, 1960 (Duration, August 29-September 19) — Hurricane Donna curved northwestward over the Middle Keys near Long Key/Layton and then traveled northward toward the Gulf Coast towns of Naples and Fort Myers. Areas in the vicinity of the storm experienced winds speed of 128 mph and a central pressure of 28.44 inches. The storm affected the Everglades with estimated winds of 150 mph. Tide levels were reported at Upper Matecumbe Key of 13.5 feet above MSL, at Plantation Key 10+ feet above MSL, and 8.9 feet above MSL in Key Largo. As of 1992 Hurricane Donna, a Category 4 storm is listed as the 61h most intense hurricane in the US. Hurricane Betsy, 1965 (Duration, August 26-Septmber 12) — Hurricane Betsy passed over Marathon while moving westward into the Gulf of Mexico. The lowest central pressure was measured in Tavernier at 28.12 inches and wind speeds were estimated to be 120 mph. Tide levels in Tavernier were 7.7 feet above MSL and Key Largo had tide levels of around 9 feet above MSL. Betsy was a Category 3 storm and is ranked 25`h in intensity. Hurricane Andrew, 1992, made landfall in southern Dade and northern Monroe Counties in the early morning hours of Monday, August 24, 1992. This strong Category 4 storm severely affected Monroe County in the Key Largo area, particularly North Key Largo and the community of Ocean Reef. According to National Hurricane Center, maximum winds for this storm were 145 miles per hour sustained with gusts to 175 miles per hour. It's central barometric pressure at landfall, 926 Mb, (which affects storm intensity) is the third lowest in the 20`h Century. Only Hurricane Camille in 1969, which hit the Mississippi, and Louisiana Gulf Coast and the Labor Day (Keys) Storm in 1935 had lower pressures at the time of landfall in the U.S. According to the Key West Weather Service, Hurricane Andrew is the third strongest storm to occur this century. Storm tides at Ocean Reef have been estimated by the United States Geological Survey as 4.6' on the bay side and 3.9' - 5.0' on the ocean side. Estimated sustained winds were 110+ miles per hour. Fortunately, Hurricane Andrew was a relatively "dry storm" without a great deal of rain accumulation. Also, because of the Hurricane's intensity and tight configuration, it moved through the area rapidly and was over for South Florida quite quickly. If not for these factors, Andrew could have caused even greater damage. Hurricane Andrew occurred during the presence of the "El Nino" (a cold current that can have the effect of reducing the number of hurricanes) when hurricane activity is generally suppressed. It was the first storm of the 1992 hurricane season and effectively demonstrates that "all it takes is one". It underscores the need for readiness even in years predicted to have low frequency. Since Hurricane Andrew, storm activity has been on the rise. A map showing heightened tropical cyclone activity during the 1998 Hurricane Season, is provided in the Maps Attachment at the end of the document, In 1998 Monroe County was hit by Hurricane Georges, September 25`h and Tropical Storm Mitch, November 4-5'h. 59 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Hurricane Georges made landfall in the Lower Keys on Friday, September 25, 1998. The entire county was effected to some extent by the storm The most recent damage estimate (September 1999), including insurable, uninsurable, and infrastructure loss is nearly $300 million. Hurricane Georges devastated the Caribbean, including Haiti and the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Cuba before taking aim at Monroe County. When it hit Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic on September 22"d, it was a strong Category 3 Hurricane with 120 mph -sustained winds. Fortunately, the storm had weakened to a Category 2 when it struck the Florida Keys. According to the Warning Meteorologist at the National Weather Service in Key West, the lowest storm pressure was 97.4 Mb at the Dry Tortugas. Maximum sustained winds at the Naval Air Station (Boca Chica) near Key West were 92 mph. The Emergency Operations Center in Marathon reported gusts to 110 mph. Winds in the northeast quadrant of the storm (normally the strongest part) were estimated at 105 mph sustained. According to the Key West Weather Service, precipitation levels in the Lower Keys were identified as 8.65 inches on the south side of Sugarloaf Key. 8.38 inches at Key West International Airport, and 8.20 inches on Cudjoe Key. Tavernier in the Upper Keys recorded 8.41 inches. The most severe damage was located between Sugarloaf Key and Big Pine Key in the Lower Keys. According to the Key West Weather Service most of the damage was on the level of a Category 1 storm Nonetheless, Georges is proving to be an expensive storm As cited earlier, current estimates including insured and uninsured damage for Georges are approaching $300,000,000. Tropical Storm Mitch occurred on November 4 and 5, 1998. Mitch had initially been forecast to bring 'minimal tropical storm conditions to the Keys. Unfortunately, feeder bands from Mitch containing dangerous super cells spawned several damaging tornadoes in the Upper Keys. Sections with mobile homes were especially hard hit. Islamorada experienced an F-1 Tornado, described as a moderate tornado with winds of 31-112 mph. Rock Harbor and Key Largo were hit by F-2' tornadoes considered significant tornadoes with winds of 113-157 mph capable of causing considerable damage. According to the Department of Community Affairs, as of September 1999 damage estimates for Mitch were nearly $11,000,000. History, distribution, frequency, and magnitude are very important factors when identifying the risk of severe weather for Monroe County. From the information provided, it may affirmatively be concluded that the Florida Keys are at high risk of tropical cyclones, hurricanes, tropical storms, tropical depressions, and other severe weather and their related effects including floods, tornadoes, waterspouts, wind, and lightning. As such, efforts to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from these events should be given highest priority for implementation. Additional risk factors are discussed below. 60 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Geography/TopogrraphyBathymetry The Florida Keys are situated in a precarious physical location between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean dangling from the mainland like "hurricane bait". The "Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study, 1983" describes the topography of Monroe County as follows: "The topography of Monroe County is very distinct from that of the three counties to the north. The Florida Keys consist of an archipelago that sweeps for almost 150 miles in a southwesterly direction from southeastern Dade County. The islands that compose the Keys are typically long, narrow, and low-lying. Elevations in the Florida Keys are rarely greater than 10 feet above mean sea level and in most cases are much lower." The "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan" notes, that "because of the low elevation in the Keys and the threat from significant levels of flooding, the majority of the population in the Keys is considered to be in a vulnerable area." Monroe County consists of a largely uninhabited mainland section mostly contained within Everglades National Park, and a 220 — mile chain of islands extending from Key Largo in the north to the Dry Tortugas islands at the southern and western boundaries. The Islands, which comprise the Keys, eparate the Atlantic Ocean to the east from the Gulf of Mexico to the west. To the south, the Straits of Florida borders the Keys between the Lower Keys and Cuba. For reference purposes, Monroe County may be viewed as consisting of the Upper Keys, roughly from Key Largo to the Whale Harbor Bridge, Middle Keys, roughly from Whale Harbor to the Seven -Mile Bridge, and the Lower Keys, roughly south of the Seven -Mile Bridge. The individual keys vary greatly in size, with Key Largo in the Upper Keys being the largest (31 square miles) and Key Haven in the Lower Keys (0.3 square miles) being the smallest. The average elevation in the Keys is four (4) to seven (7) feet above mean sea level. Generally, the Keys from Big Pine (MM 29.5-33) south have the lowest average elevation. As the Florida Keys are essentially a string of low coral islands, the majority of Monroe County would be flooded in a Category 5 hurricane, worst case storm tide. (As identified in information described in the previous section). Only one small area in the City of Key West (referred to as Solares Hill at 16 feet above Mean Seal Level) and several coral ridges in Key Largo (@ Mile -Marker 106) would be exempt from total flooding. Due to its extensive length, not all parts of the County would be affected to the same extent in various storm situations. However, any part of Monroe County could be severely threatened or significantly flooded by most categories of storms. In addition, to ensure safety in severe events the need to evacuate the entire County to the mainland, over a long distance, on a restricted roadway, compounds the problem. As shown in the information dealing with Severe Weather, any part of the Keys is equally vulnerable to storms. Over the years tropical storms and hurricanes have made landfall in all areas of the County. For example, storms have occurred in Key West and the Lower Keys in 1919 (MWQ 1998, in Marathon and the Middle Keys in 1960 an 1965, and in Key Largo and the Upper Keys in 61 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 1929, 1935, and 1992. Some storms affected, to a greater or lesser degree, all parts of the County. With some, such as the 1935 Labor Day Storm, impacts were more localized. Every case is different and because of its geographic and topographic qualities, the entire island chain is equally vulnerable. As shown on the wind maps provided by DCA, all areas of the county are susceptible to the same wind force. Likewise, flat terrain characterizes the entire area, spreading out the risk. Although there are minor variations in certain locations, the general vulnerability to various storm scenarios is basically equal. Monroe County's subtropical location, extensive shoreline, and proximity to the Caribbean Sea in an area of high hurricane activity underscore its vulnerability to hurricanes. Evidence of hurricane occurrences and severity are part of the lore of the Keys. The discovery of undersea treasure found in the wreck of the Nuestra Senora de Atocha (which was destroyed by a hurricane in 1622) attests to the role of hurricanes in the historical, economic, and physical development of Monroe County. That Monroe County is situated at a fairly low latitude (starting at 24.5 degrees), in an area where storms may form, and is located in the eastern Atlantic, in a location where storms often travel, compounds its risk for tropical cyclones. Most hurricanes form between 5 and 20 degrees latitude in tropical oceans. One of the greatest threats posed by hurricanes is their erratic and irregular tracks, making prediction of landfall difficult. Between 1886 and 1987, 43 tropical cyclones of hurricane intensity have passed within 25 miles of Marathon, in the Middle Keys, with an average of one storm within a 125 mile radius every 2.4 years. (NOAA 1987). Hurricanes are most common in Monroe County in September and October, although they have occurred in all months of Hurricane Season. Of the 43 recorded hurricanes, inclusive of 1987, which have occurred within 125 miles of Marathon, 22 have been classified as major (Cat 3 5) on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. As shown in the previous section, depending on such variables as storm track and entry angle at landfall, serious storm surge can occur on either side of the Keys. Monroe County's long, narrow configuration creates a risk for storm surge from both sides of the island chain, often referred to as "double -sided" surge. Because of its exposure, the Keys are also vulnerable to storms from any direction. In addition, the county's bathymetry or offshore configuration contributes to high surge potential. As described earlier, shallow offshore waters foster higher storm surge. Also, coves and inlets are susceptible to pile-up of surge. Because Monroe County has no inland areas, all locations are equally vulnerable to high wind effects. The "friction factor", which causes winds from storms to decrease over land does not apply in the Keys. In addition to its long configuration and great distance to the mainland from some locations, there is only one exit route (USI) out of the county. Most of the highway consists of two -lanes and alternate routes are not available until Card Sound Road, in the Upper Keys. After exiting the Keys, the route to mainland consists of a two-lane section of US 1 referred to as the "18-mile" stretch. Because of r Monroe County's extreme vulnerability, to ensure the public life, health, life, and safety", the entire 62 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 population must be evacuated. Monroe County is the only location in Florida that cannot readily escape to inland areas. As referenced in the "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan": "Monroe County's highway transportation system is exceptionally unique in that a single road with connecting bridges forms the backbone of the entire county transportation network, and the sole link to the Florida mainland. United States Highway One (US 1) also referred to as the "Overseas Highway", is a road which runs continuously for 126 miles from Florida City in Dade County to Key West in Monroe County. US 1 is primarily a two-lane highway which is connected by 42 bridges; the bridges have a combined overall length of 19 miles." Infrastructure and Property Infrastructure The description of US 1 as the primary roadway in the county is only one example of how fragile most of the components of the infrastructure are in the Keys. In addition to US 1, the state maintains several feeder roads in Key West, and County Road 905A in Key Largo. Additionally, the county has approximately 430 miles of secondary roads. These roads are not generally used for evacuation purposes, with the exception of Card Sound Road, which connects upper Key Largo to US I on the mainland at Florida City. Card Sound Road will be used as an evacuation road when traffic flow is impeded on US 1 to attempt to expedite the evacuation process. (From Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan). Because the Keys are islands, they are dependent on bridges to connect the roadway system in the county. Forty-two bridges connect US 1, the primary roadway. In addition, the Card Sound Bridge provides the link between Dade and Monroe counties on Card Sound Road. There are also numerous small bridges that serve local roadways in various subdivisions. Two drawbridges, Jewfish Creek located at Mile -Marker 107 and Snake Creek Bridge at Mile -Marker 86, open periodically for marine traffic. In 1998, a major maintenance project was performed on the Snake Creek Bridge. However, the aging infrastructure of Jewfish Creek Bridge can cause breakdowns and delays. Parts to repair the bridge are not readily available and must often be manufactured. A recent event in August 1999 caused the bridge to be closed for over four days, requiring persons to travel on Card Sound Road. At the same time, a series of accidents on Card Sound Road closed it to traffic for almost five hours. Therefore, for a considerable period of time vehicular travel in to and out of Monroe County was completely stopped. Projects to extensively re- build or replace Jewfish Creek Bridge are planned. 63 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Because the Keys are an island chain, they are dependent on the mainland, especially Dade County, for many goods and services. This includes the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority's water pipeline in Florida City, (the primary source of water in the county), purchase of electric power, out -of -county telephone service, and other types of communications. The "Local Mitigation Strategy: A Guidebook for Florida Cities and Counties, Vulnerability Assessment" discusses "lifelines", the "linear components of the infrastructure important for sustaining normal community functioning". This situation is extremely applicable to the Keys. Many of the utilities servicing the county are provided from the mainland and a great deal of the infrastructure is susceptible to severe weather hazards. Although the utility companies are well aware of this problem and are trying to mitigate the risk, the fact remains that service lines must traverse the length of the service area. The water system in Monroe County is managed by the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority, (FKAA) an agency of the State. The primary water supply pipeline is on the mainland in Florida City. The pipeline that connects to the Upper Keys is subaqueous (underwater) and does not depend on roads and bridges. However, in order to serve the needs of the area some distribution pipeline is connected to roads and bridges. The Aqueduct Authority works diligently on finding ways to provide water in the event of a disaster in the Keys. It has excellent contingency plans and has provided for redundancy of its regular supply line by restoring two reverse osmosis plants. One facility is located in Marathon to serve Middle Keys and the other is located in Stock Island (Key West) to serve the Lower Keys. Electric power is supplied by Florida Keys Electric Cooperative (FKEC) from the Upper Keys to Marathon and by Key West City Electric System (CES) from Marathon to Key West. The two agencies cooperate to provide the best service for the entire county. In fact, after Hurricane Andrew, when the Upper and the Middle Keys were affected from loss of generating capability on the mainland, City Electric generated power in Key West and transmitted it up the Keys. Both utilities purchase power from larger suppliers in other areas. City Electric has the capability to generate electricity at its plant in Key West. The Electric Coop. has limited generating capability at its Marathon Plant. With the exception of the private community of Ocean Reef in North Key Largo, the majority of electric lines in the county are above ground. There are no power poles located on bridges. To prevent loss if bridges are damaged, transmission line power poles are pile -driven into the water along roads and bridges. Subsequent to Hurricane Andrew some poles were re -designed to withstand serious storm conditions and installed in certain areas such as along the 18-mile stretch. Both City Electric and the Electric Coop. are endeavoring to replace older equipment with newer, more resilient designs and materials. Most telephone service in the Keys is directed through facilities in Miami. However, there is some capability through local offices to provide services within single exchanges but not to areas outside them. To ensure redundancy, two major trunk fibers are furnished from Homestead on the mainland to Key West. One is buried and the other is aerial. However, most cable lines are located along the underside of fixed bridges, making therefore vulnerable if bridges fail. The primary phone service provider, Bell South, explained that installing sub -surface cable would be very difficult. Digging is not 64 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 feasible because of rock. sub -structure and environmental considerations inhibit underwater installations. As discussed previously in the Hazard Identification section of this document dealing with "Transportation Disruption", Monroe County has two airports that could be vulnerable to severe weather. They are Key West and Marathon Airports. Information on critical facilities and hazardous materials sites in Monroe County is provided in the Geographic Information System (GIS) Data and Mapping portions of the Local Mitigation Strategy and in the Municipal Profiles. Certain locations, such as those used for shelters, refuges of last resort, and staging areas are discussed below. The School Board buildings in Monroe County are very important components of its infrastructure. The Monroe County School Board operates the county's public schools and is very cognizant of the hurricane threat in the county. As such, the School Board actively participates in mitigation efforts. These include retrofitting buildings with shutters and other improvements and constructing new facilities to withstand serious storm conditions. The12 public schools located throughout the Keys are listed below. Also identified are the schools, designated as shelters suitable for use in tropical storms, Category 1-2 hurricanes, and other emergency purposes. In most cases, for hurricanes of Category 3 and higher all persons must evacuate Monroe County and shelters will not be used. 65 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 �W Listing of Monroe County Public Schools and Locations Used as Shelters • Upper Keys: • Key Largo Elementary/Middle School (MM 105) — Shelter (Cafetorium) • Coral Shores High School (MM 90) - Shelter • Plantation Key Elementary/Middle School (MM 90) - Shelter • Middle Keys: • Marathon High School (7-12) (MM 50) • Stanley Switlick Elementary School (MM 48) — Shelter • Lower Keys: • Sugarloaf Elementary/Middle School (@MM 20) - Shelter • Gerald Adams Elementary School, Key West • Sigsbee Elementary School, Key West • Glynn Archer Elementary School, Key West - Shelter • Poinciana Elementary School, Key West • Horace O'Brien Middle School, Key West • Key West High School Some school locations are also identified as emergency staging areas. They are included in the Staging Area list shown later in the Vulnerability Assessment. Additional facilities to Monroe County identified as hurricane shelters are listed below: Infrastructure Used as Hurricane Shelters • Key West City Hall • Key West City Hall Annex • Harvey Government Center, Key West • Disabled Veterans' Post #122, Marathon • Island Christian School, Islamorada • Saint Justin Martyr Catholic Church, Key Largo Monroe County Emergency Management has designated these facilities for use. In times of emergency, the Emergency Management Director will decide when and how they will be used. Monroe County is unique in requiring out evacuation of all residents in a serious storm situation e.g. Categories 3-5. In most instances, the evacuation is staged in phases. When it is no longer safe for people in the evacuation process to remain on the roadway, the evacuation is terminated. Monroe County has developed a list of facilities to be used "as refuges of last resort" for persons who can no longer evacuate to the mainland. The purpose of these buildings is to get people out of harm's way. Shelter services such as management, food, and registration are not provided. These are the "best available" locations and cannot ensure safety. Refuges of last resort selected by Monroe County Emergency Management, as of April, 1999, are listed below: 66 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Marriot Key Largo Bay Beach Resort Holiday Inn, Key Largo San Pedro Church MM 89-90, Plantation Key St. James the Fisherman, Islamorada Cheeca Lodge, Islamorada Hawks Cay Resort, MM 61, Duck Key Carnival Fruit Company, Big Pine Key (@ MM 32) Big Coppitt Fire Station, Big Coppitt Key Island Moving and Storage, Key West Scottish Rite Temple Association, Key West Marriot's Casa Marina, Key West Inn La Concha, Key West In addition to shelters and refuges of last resort, Monroe County has chosen locations throughout the county that would be used to stage people, equipment, and supplies, before and after an emergency. These are listed below: Monroe County Emergency Staging Areas • Upper Keys: • Key Largo Elementary School, MM 105 • Coral Shores High School, MM 90 • Island Christian School, MM 83 • Middle Keys: • Key Colony Beach City Hall, MM 53.5 • Marathon High School, MM 49 • Stanley Switlick School, MM 485 • Lower Keys: • St. Peter's Catholic Church, MM 31.5 • Sugarloaf Elementary School, MM 19 • Florida Keys Community College, MM 5-11 • Key West High School, 2100 Flagler Avenue, Key West • Horace O'Bryant Middle School, 1105 Leon Street, Key West • Douglas Community Center Gym, 830 Emma Street, Key West 67 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 �W Other important facilities in Monroe County include the hospitals and nursing homes listed below: Hospitals: • Lower Florida Keys Health Systems, (Lower Keys) (2 locations in Key West) • Depoo Hospital • Florida Keys Memorial Hospital • Marathon (Middle Keys) — Fishermen's Hospital, @ MM 51 • Tavernier (Upper Keys) — Mariner's Hospital, @ MM 89 Nursing Homes • Bayshore Manor, Key West (Monroe County owned and operated) • Key West Convalescent Center (proprietary) • Marathon Manor Nursing Home (proprietary) • Plantation Key Convalescent Center (proprietary) All hospitals and nursing homes must evacuate Monroe County in a storm of Category 3 or greater. Mutual Aid To assist in addressing emergency needs Monroe County is participating in the following Mutual Aid 'qwAgreements and Memoranda of Understanding identified in the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan The Director of Monroe County Emergency Management has responsibility for the welfare of the County, including the municipalities, and maintains the Mutual Aid Program and its process. MUTUAL AID AGREEMENTS • Statewide Catastrophic Disaster Response and Recovery Mutual Aid Agreement • State of Florida, Division of Emergency Management • City of Key West • City of Layton • Islamorada, Village of Islands • Florida Fire Chiefs Association MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING • Monroe County School Board (shelters, shelter managers, and buses) • Florida International University, Miami (mainland shelter) • The American Red Cross • The Salvation Army • The Florida Keys Electric Cooperative • State of Florida and the State of North Carolina (MEDEVAC — Airlift) 68 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 �W • State of Florida and Strategic Metropolitan Assistance and Recovery Teams (SMART) — On behalf of Monroe County. • Golden Leaf Management — Nursing Home Facilities • Lower Florida Keys Health System • Fishermen's Hospital Unlike other areas where there is opportunity to locate infrastructure to safer sites away from the coastline, all of Monroe County is vulnerable. Several government programs relate to infrastructure in the Keys. Coastal Barriers Resource System The Coastal Barriers Resource Act (CBRA) of 1982 established the Coastal Barriers Resources System (CBRS). The purpose of the program is to restrict federally subsidized development of undeveloped coastal barriers to minimize loss of human life, reduce wasteful expenditures of federal funds, and reduce damage to fish and wildlife habitat and other valuable natural resources of coastal barriers. The intent of the CBRA is to remove from undeveloped coastal barriers federal incentives for new development such as National Flood Insurance, structural stabilization projects, and Federal assistance for construction of sewers, water supply systems, airports, highways, and bridges. As of 1992, the Coastal Banner Resource System applied to 15 units in the Florida Keys. These sites are located throughout the county and include areas such as the undeveloped portion of North Key Largo and sections of Sugarloaf Key. Most of the CBRS units are largely undeveloped. Protection of these areas is provided through land use policies in the Comprehensive Plan and related land development regulations. Among the policies advocated for these sites is public acquisition. Such efforts apply to portions of North Key Largo. The program assists in hazard mitigation by reducing development in vulnerable areas and ensuring protection of natural wetlands and vegetation, which buffer storm surge. Flood Plain Management Floodplain Management Standards regulate development within areas designated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) as"areas as of special flood hazard". The purpose of the program is to "protect the public health, safety and general welfare and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions". Areas of special flood hazard are identified as those inundated by a 100-year flood". (This means that an area has a 1 % chance in any given year of being flooded to the identified levels.) These sections, which are specified A and V (high velocity) zones, encompass most of the land area of Monroe County. The County's Floodplain Management Ordinance specifies standards for residential and non-residential construction and water supply and sanitary sewer systems within areas of special flood hazard. It prohibits the alteration of sand dunes, mangrove stands or wetlands, which would increase the potential for flood damage and discourages the placement of fill and flood obstructions. In addition to the County's Building Code, which regulates construction, the Floodplain Management Ordinance stipulates standards for residential, non-residential, and manufactured (mobile home) development within areas of special flood hazard. These include floodproofing requirements, elevations at or above base flood 69 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 levels anchoring and elevation standards for mobile homes, and special provisions for construction within V zones. The County's Growth Management Division has a staff person who serves as FEMA Coordinator and assists the public in identifying and implementing flood prevention measures. Community Rating System The National Flood Insurance Program's Community Rating System (CRS) provides incentives in the form of lowered insurance rates to encourage specific government activities which serve to reduce flood losses, facilitate accurate insurance rating, and promote the awareness of flood insurance in the community. The CRS rating scale provides for Classes 1 through 10, with 10 having the highest premiums and 1 no premiums. Although, Monroe County and the City of Key West, are in the National Flood Insurance Program, they are currently not participating in the Community Rating System. This relates to the matter of "first floor enclosures" in Monroe County and the considerable number of repetitive loss properties, requiring the development of a "Repetitive Loss Plan", in Key West. When these situations are addressed, Monroe County and Key West intend to re-enter the Community Rating System Program. According to the Monroe County Floodplain Manager, Islamorada, Village of Islands is combined with the County until it submits its own Community Rating System (CRS) Application. The City of Layton is rated 10 in the CRS and Key Colony Beach has a rating of 8. Repetitive Loss Properties Pursuant to National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) standards*, Monroe County currently has 2 repetitive loss properties located in Marathon and Sugarloaf Key. The addresses for these properties are as follows: Sombrero Subdivision, 508 28'h Street, Marathon, FL 33050 and Route 2 Box 50, Canal Road, Sugarloaf Key, FL 33042. The City of Key West has of 28 repetitive loss properties within the city. These are listed in the City of Key West Vulnerability Profile at the end of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment. Information about Repetitive Loss Properties is also included in the GIS/Mapping Section of this document. *The National Flood Insurance Program considers "Repetitive Loss Properties" as locations that sustain greater than $1,000 damage in more than one occurrence in a ten-year period. Coastal High Hazard Area Rule 9J5, F.A.C., requires that local governments designate Coastal High Hazard Areas (CHHA) within their jurisdictions. The CHHA is defined to include "areas which have historically experienced destruction or severe damage, or are scientifically predicted to experience destruction or severe damage, from storm surge, waves, erosion, or other manifestations of rapidly moving or storm driven water ((J5.003 (14). The CHHA must include areas designated as Velocity or V Zones (areas subject to velocity hazard from wave action) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, (FEMA). Also included are areas seaward of the Coastal Construction Control Line (CCCL) established by the Florida Department of Natural Resources (DNR), and inlets which are not structurally controlled. The FEMA designated V zones are limited to a relatively narrow band along the shoreline and because of its configuration, the Coastal Construction Control Line (CCCL) standards are not generally applied in 70 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Monroe County. (The CCCL relates to some areas in the City of Key West. This will be discussed later in the Key West Vulnerability Assessment Profile.) The area subject to storm surge impact from a Category 1 Hurricane is considered to represent a good approximation of locations predicted to experience destruction or severe damage during storms (FL Dept. of Community Affairs, 1991.) Therefore, as an alternative measure of the CHHA, the Monroe County Comprehensive Plan, designates the CHHA as the "area subject to inundation by the SLOSH (model projections) associated with a Category 1 Hurricane". Due to its low — lying terrain, approximately 80% of the County is located in the CHHA. Areas outside the CHHA are chiefly confined to a linear zone along much of U.S.1 and, some areas of higher elevation on various keys. (From "Monroe County Hurricane Andrew 409 Addendum, 1993".) Examples of SLOSH model worst case inundation values called "MOMs" were provided in the previous section on severe weather. Property As noted above 80% of the county is located in areas subject to the effects of storm surge. This includes most of the infrastructure and housing and building stock in the county. The situation is compounded by the fact that most construction was completed prior to the adoption of stronger building codes in 1995 and shutter requirements in 1990. Monroe County Resolution 121-1995, adopted 3/15/95, requires all new, habitable buildings of 2,000 square feet or more (built for use by Monroe County) be constructed to withstand a Category 5 hurricane. (This translates to the use of a 170-mph "fastest mile" wind speed, pursuant to ASCE standard.). The provision could make a significant difference in upgrading public facilities, but will not affect housing. Even with the new construction standards for public buildings, there is still a dearth of structures able to withstand major hurricane (Cat 3-5) conditions. Monroe County is in the unenviable position of having the highest cost of living in the State of Florida and a comparatively low wage scale. As explained in the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, "Monroe County has a tourism based economy accounting for approximately 60% of the employment which includes the lodging, retail and service based industries (e.g. commercial/sport fishing). The remaining employing agents are local, state and federal government (20%), construction groups (70/6), and "other" (13%). While since 1980, Monroe County has been ranked first in Florida in terms of county cost of living; wages have not kept pace. Service, retail and other minimum wage type employers generally have a difficult time finding and retaining workers due to the generally high cost of living". The average property value in Monroe County is $120,000, while, the average yearly income is $27,210. A need for affordable housing has been identified in the County and Municipal Comprehensive Plans and has recently been underscored by the experiences in Hurricane Georges and Tropical Storm Mitch. As noted in the "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan" (CEMP), there are over 100 mobile/RV parks in the county. (A listing of mobile home and RV locations in the County is included in the Critical Facilities list in the GIS/Mapping section at the end of the Local Mitigation Strategy.) Emergency guidance advises that mobile homes may be unsafe in any storm conditions and should be evacuated in all scenarios, including tropical storms. Monroe County has been struggling with the issue of preventing proliferation of mobile homes. No new 71 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 mobile home arks have been permitted since 1987 (Monroe County Flood Manager). Another P problem that the County is dealing with is the elimination of "illegal units" built below base flood elevation. It is a challenge to balance the need for "affordable, and safe" housing. In addition to single and multi -family housing units, there are over 8,900 hotellmotel/inn facilities in Monroe County. Again, most of these were built before stricter standards addressing storm hazards were required. However, any new construction or substantial renovation, will trigger the need to comply with the stronger codes. Information on projected damage for various land use types in different storm scenarios developed through the TAOS model was provided by the Department of Community Affairs for use in the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. The TAOS projections include the number of parcels by type, total improved value, and storm scenarios (Tropical Storm - Category 5 Hurricane). Anticipated damage is included for floods, winds, and wave action. The TAOS information covers the entire county and does not provide separate data on the incorporated municipalities. Shown on the following pages is property damage information from the TAOS modeling process. 72 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 TAOS MODEL DAMAGE PROJECTIONS FOR SELECTED CATEGORIES Single Family Total Parcels: 16,618 Total Improved Value: $3,010,600,171 Tropical Storm Number of Parcels Damaged: 8,565 Total Structure Damage: $242,913,260 Structure Flood Damage: $100,365,308 Structure Wind Damage $0 Structure Wave Damage $139,439,636 Total Content Damage $62,491,292 Category 1 Number of Parcels Damaged: 16,617 Total Structure Damage: $686,216,715 Structure Flood Damage: $244,859,601 Structure Wind Damage $50,116,071 Structure Wave Damage $39,5771,636 Total Content Damage $169,379,707 Category 2 Number of Parcels Damaged: 16,618 Total Structure Damage: $1,066,398,819 Structure Flood Damage: $412,944,257 Structure Wind Damage $187,915,271 Structure Wave Damage $517,622,736 Total Content Damage $3,294,943,666 Category 3 Number of Parcels Damaged: 16,618 Total Structure Damage: $1,570,536,038 Structure Flood Damage: $610,530,981 Structure Wind Damage $491,534,774 73 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Structure Wave Damage $656,652,152 Total Content Damage $695,635,676 Category 4 Number of Parcels Damaged: 16,618 Total Structure Damage: $2,248,409,921 Structure Flood Damage: $848,201,744 Structure Wind Damage $1,101,888,867 Structure Wave Damage $8,29,586,549 Total Content Damage $1,217,092,700 Category 5 Number of Parcels Damaged: 16,618 Total Structure Damage: $2,946,402,038 Structure Flood Damage: $1,127,690,491 Structure Wind Damage $2,380,322,668 Structure Wave Damage $10,819,309,28 Total Content Damage $1,486,991,584 Mobile Homes Total Parcels: 5,881 Total Improved Value: $307,854,716 Tropical Storm Number of Parcels Damaged: 5,881 Total Structure Damage: $115,731,178 Structure Flood Damage:$25,938,834 Structure Wind Damage: $8,908,951 Structure Wave Damage: $91,633,307 Total Content Damage: $11 74 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Category 1 Number of Parcels Damaged: 5,881 Total Structure Damage: $169,307,774 Structure Flood Damage: $51,756,456 Structure Wind Damage: $50,850,449 Structure Wave Damage:$110,930,512 Total Content Damage: $45,508,691 Category 2 Number of Parcels Damaged: 5,881 Total Structure Damage: $234,539,274 Structure Flood Damage: $79,505,880 Structure Wind Damage: $134,860,693 Structure Wave Damage: $123,369,673 Total Content Damage: $98,839,769 Category 3 Number of Parcels Damaged: 5,881 Total Structure Damage: $304,098,383 Structure Flood Damage: $109,936,123 Structure Wind Damage: $296,642,868 Structure Wave Damage:$137,183,280 Total Content Damage: $151,743,749 Category 4 Number of Parcels Damaged: 5,881 Total Structure Damage: $307,854,716 Structure Flood Damage:$155,291,661 Structure Wind Damage: $307,854,716 Structure Wave Damage:$154,662,857 Total Content Damage: $152,788,598 Category 5 Number of Parcels Damaged: 5,881 75 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identi5cationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Total Structure Damage: $307,854,716 Structure Flood Damage: $220,987,703 Structure Wind Damage: $307,854,716 Structure Wave Damage: $182,527,027 Total Content Damage: $153,571,735 Multi -Family < 10 Total Parcels: 1,312 Total Improved Value: $249,955,300 Tropical Storm Number of Parcels Damaged: 522 Total Structure Damage: $14,178,146 Structure Flood Damage: $5,630,980 Structure Wind Damage: $0 Structure Wave Damage: $8,309,684 Total Content Damage: $3,369,781 Category 1 Number of Parcels Damaged: 1,312 Total Structure Damage: $40,587,693 Structure Flood Damage: $14,473,470 Structure Wind Damage: $3,822,576 Structure Wave Damage: $22,143,183 Total Content Damage: $9,587,300 Category 2 Number of Parcels Damaged: 1,312 Total Structure Damage: $68,450,631 Structure Flood Damage: $27,252,693 Structure Wind Damage: $15,005,807 Structure Wave Damage: $27,982,928 Total Content Damage: $19,292,373 76 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Category 3 Number of Parcels Damaged: 1,312 Total Structure Damage: $111,580,332 Structure Flood Damage: $42,636,258 Structure Wind Damage: $39,789,141 Structure Wave Damage: $35,813,560 Total Content Damage: $48,677,158 Category 4 Number of Parcels Damaged: 1,312 Total Structure Damage: $173,174,824 Structure Flood Damage: $60,739,029 Structure Wind Damage: $89,981,930 Structure Wave Damage: $47,449,990 Total Content Damage: $93,692,332 Category 5 Number of Parcels Damaged: 1,312 Total Structure Damage: $243,208,714 Structure Flood Damage:$83,578,426 Structure Wind Damage: $196,341,769 Structure Wave Damage: $65,738,894 Total Content Damage: $122,864,373 Multi-Fami1>10 Total Parcels: 0 Other Residential Total Improved Value: $0 Total Parcels: 7,679 Total Improved Value: $2,262,826,176 Tropical Storm Number of Parcels Damaged: 5,629 77 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Total Structure Damage: $186,095,302 Structure Flood Damage:$67,863,002 Structure Wind Damage: $12,853,002 Structure Wave Damage:$105,672,010 Total Content Damage: $37,212,927 Category 1 Number of Parcels Damaged: 7,652 Total Structure Damage: $496,271,343 Structure Flood Damage:$135,871,160 Structure Wind Damage: $100,917,699 Structure Wave Damage: $280,540,349 Total Content Damage: $102,432,207 Category 2 Number of Parcels Damaged: 7,652 Total Structure Damage: $808,949,617 Structure Flood Damage: $262,149,211 Structure Wind Damage: $284,145,012 Structure Wave Damage: $349,730,951 Total Content Damage: $287,805,912 Category 3 Number of Parcels Damaged: 7,652 Total Structure Damage: $1,291,756,237 Structure Flood Damage:$410,812,466 Structure Wind Damage: $654,393,642 Structure Wave Damage: $419,317,812 Total Content Damage: $633,459,926 78 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Category 4 Number of Parcels Damaged: 7,652 Total Structure Damage: $2,018,164,579 Structure Flood Damage:$616,678,817 Structure Wind Damage: $1,335,329,149 Structure Wave Damage: $517,526,515 Total Content Damage: $1,057,194,953 Category 5 Number of Parcels Damaged: 7,652 Total Structure Damage: $2,262,258,125 Structure Flood Damage: $825,775,354 Structure Wind Damage: $2,250,012,278 Structure Wave Damage:$691,320,155 Total Content Damage: $1,126,263,732 Hotels Total Parcels: 142 Tropical Storm Number of Parcels Damaged: 134 Total Structure Damage: $22,795,681 Structure Flood Damage: $6,080,521 Structure Wind Damage: $1,927,483 Structure Wave Damage: $15,402,706 Total Content Damage: $2,334,425 Category 1 Number of Parcels Damaged: 141 Total Structure Damage: $61,673,884 Structure Flood Damage: $14,764,637 Structure Wind Damage: $10,062,252 Structure Wave Damage: $39,042,932 Total Content Damage: $8,775,293 Total Improved Value: $204,972,667 79 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Category 2 Number of Parcels Damaged: 141 Total Structure Damage: $85,547,204 Structure Flood Damage: $23,161,627 Structure Wind Damage: $28,266,635 Structure Wave Damage: $48,535,967 Total Content Damage: $26,833,920 Category 3 Number of Parcels Damaged: 141 Total Structure Damage: $129,855,534 Structure Flood Damage: $39,053,094 Structure Wind Damage: $64,347,955 Structure Wave Damage: $55,064,606 Total Content Damage: $64,141,677 Category 4 Number of Parcels Damaged: 141 Total Structure Damage: $192,780,309 Structure Flood Damage: $59,655,937 Structure Wind Damage: $130,990,012 Structure Wave Damage: $62,319,513 Total Content Damage: $98,874,621 Category 5 Number of Parcels Damaged: 141 Total Structure Damage: $204,972,667 Structure Flood Damage: $77,426,570 Structure Wind Damage: $204,972,667 Structure Wave Damage: $75,793,201 Total Content Damage: $102,056,827 80 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Commercial Total Parcels: 1,448 Total Improved Value: $408,676,185 Tropical Storm Number of Parcels Damaged: 1,287 Total Structure Damage: $43,485,759 Structure Flood Damage: $15,438,514 Structure Wind Damage: $3,650,958 Structure Wave Damage: $25,268,493 Total Content Damage: $9,945,725 Category 1 Number of Parcels Damaged: 1,431 Total Structure Damage: $106,645,570 Structure Flood Damage: $30,032,427 Structure Wind Damage: $19,745,045 Structure Wave Damage: $64,278,917 Total Content Damage: $24,141,854 Category 2 Number of Parcels Damaged: 1,431 Total Structure Damage: $163318969 Structure Flood Damage: $49,337,278 Structure Wind Damage: $55,764,625 Structure Wave Damage: $77,329,662 Total Content Damage: $59,412,812 Category 3 Number of Parcels Damaged: 1,431 Total Structure Damage: $249,537,873 Structure Flood Damage: $74,449,733 Structure Wind Damage: $127,511,446 Structure Wave Damage: $93,252,334 81 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Total Content Damage: $120,691,126 Category 4 Number of Parcels Damaged: 1,431 Total Structure Damage: $36,6432,924 Structure Flood Damage: $105,604,219 Structure Wind Damage: $259,240,151 Structure Wave Damage: $114,818,833 Total Content Damage: $189,436,242 Category 5 Number of Parcels Damaged: 1,431 Total Structure Damage: $408,676,185 Structure Flood Damage: $142,328,329 Structure Wind Damage: $408,589,715 Structure Wave Damage: $148,860,957 Total Content Institutional Total Institutional Parcels 156 Tropical Storm 498 Number of Parcels Damaged: 142 Total Structure Damage: $5,320,501 Structure Flood Damage: $854,801 Structure Wind Damage: $757,142 Structure Wave Damage: $3,914,255 Total Content Damage: $372,048 Category 1 Number of Parcels Damaged: 155 Total Structure Damage: $16,955,453 Structure Flood Damage: $3,880,163 Total Improved Value $80,404,685 82 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Structure Wind Damage: $3,926,763 Structure Wave Damage: $9,278,992 Total Content Damage: $2,428,641 Category 2 Number of Parcels Damaged: 155 Total Structure Damage: $28,241,921 Structure Flood Damage: $73,62,240 Structure Wind Damage: $11,037,730 Structure Wave Damage: $11,305,028 Total Content Damage: $9,387,108 Category 3 Number of Parcels Damaged: 155 Total Structure Damage: $45,233,594 Structure Flood Damage: $11,820,542 Structure Wind Damage: $25,169,759 Structure Wave Damage: $14,555,931 Total Content Damage: $21,863,327 Category 4 Number of Parcels Damaged: 155 Total Structure Damage: $70,186,758 Structure Flood Damage: $17,823,992 Structure Wind Damage: $51,274,110 Structure Wave Damage: $18,452,344 Total Content Damage: $36,476,512 Category 5 Number of Parcels Damaged: 155 Total Structure Damage: $80,404,685 Structure Flood Damage: $25,885,057 Structure Wind Damage: $80,404,685 Structure Wave Damage: $24,064,548 Total Content Damage: $39,889,570 83 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Government Total Government Parcels 215 Total Improved Value $613,908,692 Tropical Storm Number of Parcels Damaged: 155 Total Structure Damage: $21,691,904 Structure Flood Damage: $5,056,743 Structure Wind Damage: $5,920,777 Structure Wave Damage: $11,168,417 Total Content Damage: $2,890,731 Category 1 Number of Parcels Damaged: 215 Total Structure Damage: $72,425,872 Structure Flood Damage: $9,065,532 Structure Wind Damage: $30,427,230 Structure Wave Damage: $35,196,638 Total Content Damage: $7,22.4,867 Category 2 Number of Parcels Damaged: 215 Total Structure Damage: $170,0.92,905 Structure Flood Damage: $53,711,835 Structure Wind Damage: $85,428,806 Structure Wave Damage: $40,238,204 Total Content Damage: $56,567,570 Category 3 Number of Parcels Damaged: 215 Total Structure Damage: $319,944,685 Structure Flood Damage: $97,047,111 Structure Wind Damage: $194,724,059 Structure Wave Damage: $48,926,722 Total Content Damage: $158,444,325 84 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Category 4 Number of Parcels Damaged: 215 Total Structure Damage: $562,738,406 Structure Flood Damage: $147,433,677 Structure Wind Damage: $396,364,042 Structure Wave Damage: $62,776,331 Total Content Damage: $293,869,141 Category 5 Number of Parcels Damaged: 215 Total Structure Damage: $613,908,692 Structure Flood Damage: $201,310,317 Structure Wind Damage: $613,880,518 Structure Wave Damage: $89,668,990 Total Content Damage: $305,650,309 85 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 With regard to tropical cyclone winds, it should be noted that as winds increase, pressure against objects is added at a disproportionate rate. As states in the NOAA publication, "Hurricane, A Familiarization Booklet", "pressure force against a wall mounts with the square of wind speed so that a threefold increase in windspeed gives a nine -fold increase in pressure". The booklet explains this phenomenom. "Thus, a 25 mph wind causes about 1.6 pounds of pressure per square foot. A force of 50 pounds will push a four by eight sheet of plywood. In 75-mph winds, that force becomes, 240 pounds, and in 125 mph, it becomes 1,250 pounds. For some structures, this force is enough to cause failure. Tall structures, like radio towers, can be destroyed by gusty hurricane force winds. Winds also carry a barrage of debris that can be quite dangerous." The cost of damage to mobile homes versus multi -family dwellings cannot be compared using the data shown above because the number of parcels varies. However, experience form Hurricane Andrew showed that overall multi -family buildings, (such as those in Ocean Reef) particularly 1-2 story townhouses, faired much better than mobile homes. Although, end units received some damage, because of common walls, most interior units were not as severely affected. Mobile homes are exposed to wind forces on all sides, while interior townhouse units are susceptible on only 2 sides. In the previous discussion on Severe Weather historic storms and the damage they produced were discussed. In 1992, the effects of Hurricane Andrew proved to be very costly for Monroe County. The storm produced property losses in Ocean Reef of over $2,584,500. These included extensive roof and other structural damage to residences, public safety, administrative and resort buildings; loss of emergency equipment; severe damage to roadways and signs; loss or emergency and security vehicles; and damage to marinas and craft. Other expenses accrued from large-scale landscape loss and damage; loss of and damage to private vehicles; damage to recreational facilities; and great loss of personal property such as furniture, clothing, books, valuables etc. due to wind and water. Outside Ocean Reef, nearby Carysfort Campground and Marina sustained heavy damage and loss to mobile homes, trailers, and boats. Damage to the County's Card Sound Road toll facility and roadway amounted to an estimated $180,000. Many businesses in Upper Key Largo experienced some damage especially to roofs and through loss of signs and landscaping. County roadways were blocked by debris and street and road signs were lost. The Florida Keys Electric Coop reported $130,000 in losses of utility poles and related infrastructure. Total damage in Monroe County exceeded $131,000,000. The cost of the entire event is estimated at $25 billion. Monroe County has recently experienced two tropical systems that produced damage. Hurricane Georges (September 25-26 1999) resulted in various types of problems. Substantial damage occurred to mobile homes and landscaping throughout the keys. Roof and flood damage occurred in several areas including Big Coppitt, Sugarloaf, Summerland, Ramrod, and Big Pine in the Lower Keys. Similar damage affected the Middle Keys including Marathon, Key Colony Beach, Grassy Key, Long Key/Layton, and Duck Key. In the Upper Keys, several hotels and motels, such as the Cheeca Lodge received damage as did portions of roadway, e.g. Lower Matecumbe where overwash occurred. 86 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Some significant events included destruction of an unfinished roof and related damage to the $16 million school under construction in Sugarloaf Key, heavy damage to the Big Pine Community Center, and damage to the air conditioning unit on the roof of Marathon High School, which resulted in flooding in the building. The City of Key West sustained personal and public property damage, especially along low-lying areas along South Roosevelt Boulevard. Additional information on damage in the incorporated areas is included in the Municipal Vulnerability Profiles later in the Mitigation Strategy. An important damage indicator for hurricanes that was included in developing SLOSH model information is called "the radius of maximum winds". This is the area around the center of the storm with the strongest winds that produces the highest degree of damage. Because Hurricane Georges took a left-hand (westerly) turn as it made landfall at Key West, the radius of maximum winds swept across Marathon and the Lower Keys. In addition, the storm bad a broad area of maximum winds extending out approximately 60-70 miles from the center. According to information in the "Hurricane Georges Draft Assessment" prepared through the Corps of Engineers, NOAA, and FEMA; "a more typical storm would have maximum winds extending only 40 miles from the center". During Hurricane Georges Monroe County Emergency Management maintained a map of "real-time" events as they occurred. Reported incidents included, extensive damage to Stock Island, over wash of 4-5' plus waves of US 1 at Lower Matecumbe, and damage to roads, power lines, trees, and signs at various locations. This "Real - Time Map of Hurricane Georges" events is included in the Map Section at the end of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment. Damage in Tropical Storm Mitch, which occurred on November 4 and 5, 1998 was due primarily to tornadoes in the Upper Keys, which damaged or destroyed numerous mobile homes. Areas that were especially hard hit include the mobile home communities of Taylor Creek Village, Sexton Cove Estates, Lake Surprise Estates, and Cross -Key Waterways Estates. As noted earlier, these tornadoes were classified as moderate to significant according to the Fujita Tornado Scale. The heavy rains that accompanied Mitch aggravated wind damage. The following chart provided by the Department of Community Affairs displays information on dwelling units affected by damage in Hurricane Georges and Tropical Storm Mitch: Monroe County Housing Units Affected Uninhabitable Minimum Major Destroyed Georges 1,854 893 470 173 Mitch 664 165 40 43 87 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Shown below are damage accounts of Hurricane Georges and Tropical Storm Mitch provided by the Recovery and Mitigation Section of the Department of Community Affairs. Public Assistance (Infrastructure) $ 54,257,290.00 Temporary Housing $ 6,584,782.00 Individual Assistance $ 3,966,572.00 Small Business Administration $ 61,366,100.00 *National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)$ 38,044,669.00 *Wind Insurance $131,000,000.00 TOTAL $295,219,413.00 Tropical Storm Mitch 1 Public Assistance $4,021,718.00 Temporary Housing $ 754,845.00 Individual Assistance $ 395,663.00 Small Business Administration $5,678,700.00 *National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)$ 51,527.00 TOTAL $10,902,183.00 *In most cases, insurance coverage in Monroe County requires participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and the Florida Windstorm Underwriting Association (FWUA) which affirms that Monroe County has a very high risk of being affected by tropical cyclones. Because of the extreme risk and cost of damage produced by the winds and flooding in tropical events this special coverage is necessary. To assure continuation of windstorm insurance in vulnerable areas, e.g. the Florida Keys, the State Insurance Commission developed the concept of a "Windstorm Pool". This is called the Florida Windstorm Underwriting Association (FWUA); a non-profit agency that provides windstorm coverage. This is underwritten by a surcharge assessed on each policy issued. Through the "Pool", policyholders are assigned to various insurance companies and the risk is distributed. That this special arrangement is necessary again attests to the high risk to property from potential severe weather in Monroe County. The information discussed in this section dealt with vulnerability of infrastructure such as roadways, essential utilities, and important facilities; and the high risk potential for property damage in severe weather events. Thus far, the severe weather hazard has been established as having the highest risk potential of all hazards discussed in the Hazard Identification Section. Also, Monroe County's historical vulnerability to severe weather, it's geographic features, and potential for storm -related 88 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 property damage and loss have been identified. The following section explains vulnerability in terms of population. Population According to the Demographics Section of the "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan", the estimated population of Monroe County is 85,000. Monroe County's population increases due to tourist and seasonal populations. It is estimated that the Florida Keys received approximately 3,000,000 visitors per year. Although the nature of tourism changes in the summer months (during Hurricane Season) from longer -term to primarily weekend visitors, any population increase can complicate the evacuation process. The total number of evacuees varies greatly from month to month. Some seasonal occupants are counted in the Census by declaration of Florida as their state of residence (generally for income tax purposes), while others are not. Therefore estimates of the population vary from as low as 51,000 in July to as high as 105,000 in November. There are more than 10,000 people over the age of 65 living in Monroe County (approximately 12% of the total population). According to information provided by Monroe County Social Services, as of July 14, 1999, there were approximately 707 people in the county enrolled in the Special Needs Hurricane Evacuation Program The Special Needs Registry includes persons who due to age, medical condition, or other factors require assistance from the County to evacuate during an emergency. A breakdown of special needs population by municipality is contained in the Municipal Vulnerability Profiles later in the Mitigation Strategy. The county has a very small non-English speaking population located throughout the Keys. It is estimated that there is a transient population of approximately 300 persons within Monroe County. The most recent components of population change indicate net migration of 2,958 persons or 3% per year. The Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan emphasizes that, "with reference to population(s) in vulnerable areas for various hazards, it may safely be said that there are very few places within that area identified as Monroe County (with the exception of the more remote outlying islands) which are not vulnerable to the majority of man-made and natural hazards". It also states, "because of the low elevation in the Keys and the threat from significant levels of flooding, the majority of the population in the Keys is considered to be in a vulnerable area". 89 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Population figures included in the "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan" from the Florida Department of Commerce, "Monroe County Profile" figures, gathered from the most recent U.S. Census, indicate approximate population densities per geographical area(s) as follows: Key West 28,000 residents Stock Island 18,000 residents Marathon 11,000 residents Key Colony Beach 1,053 residents Layton 208 residents Key Largo 22,000 residents Ocean Reef 4,500 residents North to County Line 2,000 residents 90 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Population data provided by the Monroe County Planning Department indicates the following: MONROE COUNTY POPULATON DATA, 1999 Lower Keys (Unincorporated Areas) 1999 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 20,588 12,593 33,191 Middle Keys (Unincorporated Areas) 1999 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 12,312 12,781 25,093 Upper Keys (Unincorporated Areas) 1999 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 17,350 18,964 36,314 Islamorada, Village of Islands 1999 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 7,641 8,467 16,108 City of Layton 1999 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 204 159 363 City of Key Colony Beach 1999 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 1,080 1,606 2,686 City of Key West 1999 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 27,681 15,542 43,222 County 86,866 70,112 159,978 Total *Permanent and seasonal populations combined. Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Unlike other areas in South Florida, population growth in Monroe County is limited by certain factors. They include availability of developable land, high cost of living, shortage of affordable housing, and development policies. Nevertheless, some population increase is projected. 92 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 (W The following chart based on information from the Monroe County Planning Department shows projected population data for the Year 2,009. MONROE COUNTY PROJECTED POPULATON DATA, 2,009 Lower Keys (Unincorporated Areas) 2,009 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 22,254 13,228 35,482 Middle Keys (Unincorporated Areas) 2,009 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 12,658 13,315 25,973 Upper Keys (Unincorporated Areas) 2,009 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 18,573 19,824 38,397 Islamorada, Village of Islands 2,009 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 8,092 8,762 16,853 City of Layton 2,009 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 226 172 398 City of Key Colony Beach 2,009 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 1,180 1,751 2,931 City of Key West 2,009 Permanent Resident Population Seasonal Population Functional Population* 29,606 16,320 45,926 County 92,588 73,371 165,960 Total *Permanent and seasonal populations combined. 93 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Using these figures, for the 11-year period from 1999 to 2009, the increase in population is 9.6%, with a .08 % yearly increase for the period. Regardless of the actual population figures, the number of people, resident and non-resident, present in the county at the time of an evacuation order must leave. Again this is complicated by the limitations of the route to the mainland discussed in the previous section on Infrastructure. Another consideration is the likelihood of people evacuating in storm situations. Behavior Fluctuation in population size is only one difficulty when planning for hurricane evacuations. Another significant factor is human behavior. Because of the great hurricane risk in the Florida Keys, various aspects of evacuation have been studied over the years. Several behavioral analyses relating to evacuation have been completed. The "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan" states: "The most recent behavioral analysis indicates that there is a general trend for residents in the Lower Keys to be less likely to evacuate than those in the Middle and Upper Keys. Because of the low elevation in the Keys and the threat from significant levels of flooding, the majority of the population in the Keys is considered to be in a vulnerable area." The "Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study, 1983, 1990" included a behavioral analysis. What it found overall was that there was more of a reluctance to evacuate out of the county by residents of the Lower Keys than those in the Middle and Upper Keys. The 1983 behavioral study notes, "in both a Category II and Category III hurricane threat, there was a general trend for respondents in the Lower Keys to be less likely to evacuate than those were in the Middle and Upper Keys". The evacuation percentages follow: Kew Category II Category III Upper 69.8% 78.3% Middle 65.0% 76.0% Lower 43.1 % 55.9% It is encouraging to note that the majority of people in the survey who lived in mobile homes indicated that they would evacuate. The figures were 90% of all mobile home dwellers in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Keys would evacuate their residences in Category 1-2 storms and 95% would evacuate in Category 3-5 events. 94 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 The behavioral section of the Post -Andrew "Monroe County 409 Addendum" developed for the State Hazard Mitigation Plan noted: "The behavioral implications of Hurricane Andrew for Monroe County are difficult to assess at this time. The severe damage experienced by parts of Dade and Monroe County may cause more Monroe County residents to evacuate. However, in sections of the County where storm effects were minimal, particularly, the Lower Keys, some residents may have a false sense of security, believing that they experienced a hurricane and "it wasn't so bad." In addition, such problems as slow traffic and evacuating into the affected area, encountered by some of the people who left the County during Andrew, may make them reluctant to do so again. Human behavior is critical to disaster planning and mitigation in Monroe County, especially since evacuation is the safest alternative in many storm situations". After Hurricane Andrew a study entitled, "Evacuation Behavior in Southeast Florida", February 28, 1993, was prepared by Hazards Management Group, Inc. in Tallahassee. The survey used a combined sample of 1100 people divided among Dade, Broward, and Monroe Counties. The following is an observation on Monroe County. "Evacuation from the Florida Keys, (Monroe County) decreased from north to south and was lower than that from the Broward and Dade high -risk areas. In the Upper Keys, 62% left, compared to 45% in the Middle Keys, 40% in the Lower Keys north of Key West, and 25% in Key West." If Andrew's track had slipped further south, which given more time it could have, many homes in the Keys would have been affected while still occupied. Among the conclusions of the 1993 survey was that "public response will vary not only from one place to another in the same storm, but from storm to storm in the same place". Following Hurricane Georges a draft study titled, "Hurricane Georges Assessment" was prepared through the Corps of Engineers, NOAA, and FEMA. The areas studied include Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Northwest Florida, and the Lower Keys. The "Lower Keys" are defined as the areas south of Big Pine Key (MM 29.5). A sample of 800 people for the entire area was included in telephone interviews. A total of 208 people (not a very comprehensive sample) from the Lower Keys were included. According to data developed in the study, 62% of respondents in the Lower Keys evacuated for Hurricane Georges. The people interviewed were asked about their reasons for evacuating. 44% of the Lower Keys sample said that they left because of concern about an increase in the storms' severity. 22% indicated that they evacuated when officials said to evacuate and 19% evacuated when the National Weather Service advised evacuation. It is interesting to note that only 6% left because they were concerned about flooding, (historically the biggest storm killer) while 20% left because of concern about wind (probably because of Hurricane Andrew). Of persons who remained in the Lower Keys 56% said that the storm was not severe enough and that their house was safe. 17% said that they did not leave because they waited too long. 13% responded that there was a low probability of their being hit. Of people in the Lower Keys who stayed for the storm, 47% said 95 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 they were concerned about being trapped on the road in heavy traffic. 65% of these people indicated that they would be more likely to leave if officials could ensure safe passage. The "Hurricane George Draft Assessment" also included businesses. According to the study, 37% of businesses surveyed in the Lower Keys said they stayed open in Georges. (This is probably before they lost power.) Perhaps the most significant information contained in the Assessment is the percent of people who would respond differently after their experience. The survey found that in the Lower Keys, 43% of "stayers" said they would leave and 5% of "leavers" said they would stay. Additional behavioral information about the municipalities is included in the Municipal Vulnerability Profiles at the end of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment. Evacuation planning is extremely problematic, particularly because each storm is different. As a result of the events in Hurricane Georges, more people in the Lower Keys indicate that they would leave in the future. However, since damage in the Upper Keys was less, will fewer Upper Keys residents leave in the next event? The primary importance of behavioral studies is to indicate trends and establish various factors that influence evacuation decisions. Then, emergency managers can concentrate on problem areas such as roadway safety, need for more public information, improved media coverage, etc. to improve evacuation response. The information discussed here, shows that along with its historical vulnerability to severe weather and the susceptibility of its infrastructure and property to damage from severe weather; factors such as evacuation response, concerning the population of Monroe County, contribute further to its high risk. Economic Resources As previously described in the discussion on Infrastructure, because Monroe County consists of islands, it depends on the mainland for obtaining most of its goods and services. Therefore, as noted earlier in the Hazard Identification Section, transportation disruptions would have a detrimental effect on commerce in the Keys. Other factors that affect economic resources include the tourist -oriented economic base. Approximately 60% of the commercial activities in the Keys derive from service/hospitality (food and lodging), retail sales, commercial/sport fishing, and other marine -related activities. The remaining employing agents are local, state and federal government (20%), construction groups (7%), and "other" (13%). Because the tax base in Monroe County is supplemented by tourism, declines in the number of visitors reduce revenue. Some of the taxes influenced by this are the Bed ,Tax, Sales Tax, and Infrastructure Tax. Historically, most significant loss of these revenues has occurred as a result of tropical cyclones. 96 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNutnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 In addition to the information included here, an extensive discussion of economic factors that affect the vulnerability of Monroe County (including the effects of Hurricanes Andrew and Georges) was included in the Hazard Identification Section of the Local Mitigation Strategy. The dependency of the economy on tourist -related activities seriously affects stability in times of disaster. Economic Resources are yet another aspect of risk for the Florida Keys. Environmental Resources The Florida Keys contains many environmental resources. It has unique habitats, with many rare and/or endangered plant and animal species. Because of these special environmental considerations, in 1980, through legislative act, the State of Florida designated the Keys portion of unincorporated Monroe County and the incorporated municipalities as "Areas of Critical State Concern". The purpose of the program is to protect the unique environment, vegetation, and natural resources of the designated area by regulating land development and other activities regarded as detrimental to the environment. In conjunction with the designation, the legislature enacted the "Principles for Guiding Development", which are set forth in Chapter 380.0552(7). The law provided for State oversight of county development and changes to land use regulations. The Department of Community Affairs is the lead agency, which carries out this function. The Department established Field Offices in Monroe County to assist in review of development permits and related issues for compliance with the "Principles". The Florida Department of Environmental Protection Office in Marathon submitted a listing of specific environmentally sensitive areas referred to as "Special Management Areas" (State and Federal). It includes the following locations: Florida Keys Marine Sanctuary (comprehensive designation) Florida Department of Environmental Bahia Honda State Park Fort Zachary Taylor State Historic Site Indian Key State Historic Site John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park Lignum Vitae Key State Botanical Site Long Key State Park )Findley Key Fossil Reef State Geological Site Curry Hammocks State Park San Pedro Underwater Archaeological Preserve Key Deer National Wildlife Refuge Great White Heron National Wildlife Refuge Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary Everglades National Park (primarily mainland Monroe) 97 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 In addition to the environmental areas, Monroe County also has archeological, historical and cultural landmarks. A total of 23 sites are designated for protection in Monroe County, including three areas within Islamorada, Village of Islands. Outside of Key West,. Tavernier, in the Upper Keys, has the largest number of designated landmarks. Listed below is are areas provided by the Historic Florida Keys Foundation, Inc. that are designated under Article 8 of the Monroe County Code as Archaeological, Historical, and/or Cultural Landmarks. Also identified are sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places. *I. Overseas Railroad Bridges and Viaduct (Long Key, Seven Mile Bridge, and Bahia Honda), National Register 2. Pigeon Key, National Register 3. Key Largo Anglers Club, 50 Clubhouse Road, Key Largo 4. Hurricane Monument, MM 81.5, Islamorada, National Register 5. Indian Key, National Register 6. Lignum Vitae Key, National Register 7. Hodgman House, 469 South Conch Avenue, Conch Key In Tavernier: 8. Woods House, 140Tavern Drive 9. Roberts House, 140 Sunrise Drive 10.Old Tavern Tea Room 91861 Overseas Highway 11. Tavernier Hotel, 91865 Overseas Highway 12. Former SO Gas Station, 91871 Overseas Highway 13. Copper Kettle, 91875 Overseas Highway 14. Allen House, 133 Sunrise Drive 15. Pinder-Albury House, 132 Tavern Drive 16. Merlin Albury House, 91731 Overseas Highway 17. Tavernier Methodist Church, 91701 Overseas Highway 18. 136 Tavern Drive 19. Lowe House, 91779 Overseas Highway 20. 181.Coconut Row 21. Wilkinson House, 159 Tavernier Trail 22. 122 Lowe Street 23. 120 Tavern Drive Additional National Register Properties: Adderley George House, Marathon African Queen (ship), Key Largo Carysfort Lighthouse, Upper Keys Fort Jefferson National Monument, Dry Tortugas Fort Zachary Taylor, Key West 98 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Gato, Eduardo H. House, 1209 Virginia Street, Key West Hemingway Ernest, House, 907 Whitehead Street, Key West John Pennekemp Coral Reef State Park and Reserve, Key Largo Key West Historic District Little White House (Quarters A), Naval Station, Key West Martello Tower -Key West Art and Historical Museum Old Post Office and Custom House, Front Street, Key West Overseas Highway and Railway Bridges Porter, Dr. Joseph Young Y., House, Key West Pigeon Key Rock Mound Archeological Site, Key Largo San Jose Ship Wreck Site Sand Key Lighthouse Schooner, Western Union, Key West The Armory, 600 White Street, Key West Thompson Fish House, Turtle Cannery and Kraals, Key West U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, Key West United States Naval Station, Key West West Martello Tower, Key West The City of Key West has a total of 2,580 historically designated structures/sites including the Key West Historic "Old Town" District. These will be discussed later in the Key West Municipal Vulnerability Profile. A significant percentage of tourism in the Keys is due to the attraction of its unique historical heritage. Since many or the locations identified could experience irreversible damage from hurricanes they are yet another aspect that contributes to the high risk potential related to severe weather in Monroe County. Subsequent to Hurricane Andrew, the Monroe County Cooperative Extension Service received a grant to study environmental consequences. The document is called, "The Effect of Hurricane Andrew on Monroe County's Natural Resources and Its Dependent Industries". The study identified natural resources affected by the hurricane. It states the following: "The County's natural resources impacted by Hurricane Andrew were pine rocklands, hard wood hammocks, mangrove forests, cypress domes, the freshwater regimes of the sawgrass community, and the coral reefs offshore of Key Largo." The study explains that: "The ecosystems of South Florida He at the geographical boundaries of temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates; plant an animal life exhibits a great diversity and particular vulnerabilities in this heterogeneous environment. Many rare, threatened, and endangered plants and animals are found in Monroe County." 99 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 It is noted that South Florida ecosystems have evolved to adapt to "natural episodic massive disturbances, including hurricanes, droughts, wildfires, and freezes". However, the growth of `urban environments has significantly altered the ecology and ability of the ecosystems to respond and recover from catastrophic events". It continues: "The natural areas within the County provide environmental, recreational, and commercial benefits to residents and tourists alike. Tourism and both recreational and commercial fishing — the economic engines of the County — are dependent on this diverse environment." Mangroves are very important to the environment of the Keys and serve as protective buffers in storms. The report notes that while mangrove damage in Everglades National Park was up to 80-95% in some places, mangrove forests to the south of the hurricanes' eye had fewer problems, including defoliation and branch damage. Unfortunately, Hurricane Andrew demonstrated that the mortality of trees continued following the storm and initial estimates of mortality increased by up to 50%. It was noted that delayed mortality has been observed following past hurricanes, sometimes up to 2 years after the initial event. It remains to be seen what the long-term effects of mangrove damage from Hurricane Georges and Tropical Storm Mitch will be. A serious threat to mangrove regeneration is the invasive exotic Brazilian Pepper, which can displace mangroves and change the "ecosystem dynamics" of the area. The study reports that while Marsh Communities appeared to have survived Hurricane Andrew with little apparent damage, the loss of periphyton, (which fish feed on) could affect "fish abundances". Pineland damage that occurred was considered as a good thing because it allowed for increased sapling growth. Hardwood hammocks are more susceptible to wind damage than pines. It is noted that, "the upland hardwood hammocks of North Key Largo were not affected by storm surge but were impacted by winds". Approximately two-thirds of the upland hammock trees suffered structural damage and defoliation. The report notes that because of where Hurricane Andrew made landfall, "the Florida Keys reefs, including those in the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary, were spared the affects of hurricane force conditions." It is important to understand however, that hurricanes can cause major damage to coral reefs. In the past, surveys in Puerto Rico following major hurricanes have shown considerable breaks in coral formations. In the discussion of hurricane effects on butterflies, the Extension Service Document explains that the hurricane of 1938 that struck the Upper Keys was considered to be the "major factor in bringing the Shaus' Swallowtail butterfly to the brink of extinction". Future hurricanes could greatly affect the continuation of this species. The environmental report discussed the effect of the storm on Fishery Resources. It explains that in general, "hurricanes can affect a variety of results on fishery resources". "Future recruitment may be either enhanced or diminished. Short-term impacts are either immediately obvious or cryptic, and are detected only after extended monitoring." The study reports that after Hurricane Andrew, three 100 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 species appeared to experience harvest declines in 1992 and 1993. These are Spanish mackerel, dolphin, and spiny lobster. In addition, shrimp were found to exhibit a consistent decline following the hurricane, but catches increased in the following year. The Extension Service surveyed the commercial fishing industry after Hurricane Andrew. The storm negatively affected approximately 53% of the 43 survey respondents. Most of the problems occurred in the lobster industry. The hurricane occurred within the lobster season. Due to storm effects, the industry experienced inventory loss, disruption of utilities, and communications services. The study found that because August was the first month of the lobster season (Andrew struck on August 241h) and virtually all the lobster traps were in the water, (about 1 million traps) most of the inventory were lost. Lobster and commercial fishermen were greatly hampered by the lack of electric power to produce ice. Communications and utility disruptions were prime factors inhibiting lobster sales. Another problem was caused by transportation disruptions, particularly in Miami, where most commercial catches are shipped. Similar problems in the industry occurred after Hurricane Georges. The report concludes that overall events such as hurricanes are necessary occurrences for the historical maintenance of the natural environment. It also concludes that Hurricane Andrew caused a "relatively minor disruption of Monroe County's economy due to natural resources." It also suggests that to assist the fishing industry in future events, steps should be taken that fish processors should be considered a priority activity for the provision of electric power. The Monroe County Extension Service currently does not have plans to conduct a similar study on the environmental impacts of Hurricane Georges and Tropical Storm Mitch. Some surveys such as the impact of recent storms on landscaping may be possible through the acquisition of grants. Another important environmental aspect of the Keys is its extensive vegetation. This situation can be both help and a hindrance in severe weather. If not properly cared for landscaping may contribute greatly to storm debris. Falling trees can bring down power lines and block roadways and emergency access. Positive aspects are that some vegetation e.g. mangroves serve as storm buffers. Also, properly managed landscaping can decrease damage and amounts of debris. The Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group considers landscaping to be a very important mitigation consideration. As such, the Group developed a detailed Landscape Mitigation Project, which is included in the Mitigation Initiatives Section of the Local Mitigation Strategy. It can be concluded from this section, that although severe weather episodes may be natural occurrences, which ultimately help maintain the ecological balance, they can also have negative effects on environmental resources. This is especially true for marine resources and fragile flora and fauna. The Florida Keys has many environmentally sensitive areas and historic, archeological, and cultural resources, which are very vulnerable to the effects of severe weather. Environmental Resources are yet another vulnerability indicator that contributes to Monroe County's risk potential for severe weather such as tropical cyclones. 101 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 �w VulnerabLdity Assessment S Following Department of Community Affairs guidelines the following vulnerability indicators were discussed: • Primary Hazard (Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather and Their Effects, Floods/Tornadoes/Waterspouts/Wind) • Geography/TopographyBathymetry • Population • Property and Infrastructure • Economic Resources. • Environmental Resources Findings conclude that all factors contribute significantly to the risk from Monroe County's foremost and dominant hazard, severe weather. Probably the most important risk element is historical experience. Frequency, magnitudes, and distribution of past events demonstrate the propensity for severe weather and the extreme risk to Monroe County. Of the top six most intense hurricanes in the United State between 1900-1992, four occurred in the Keys. (In this current hurricane season, in September of 1999 the Florida Keys was threatened by three serious storm events. These include dangerous Hurricanes Dennis and Floyd and Tropical Storm Harvey.) This is compounded by its precarious location in the lower latitudes surrounded by the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean Sea). Exposure to storms is further exacerbated because the county is susceptible to storm surge from both sides and is at risk of strikes from all directions. The Keys have no viable inland sections to flee to or to lessen the effect of storm force winds. Average terrain is no greater than 10' above Mean Sea Level, (the average is 7') with many areas much lower. Tidal surge potentials are in excess of 14 feet in some locations. During the 1935 Labor Day Storm locations now in the Villages of Islamorada were inundated with over 18 feet of storm surge and wave action resulting in over 400 deaths. The linear configuration of 122 miles and presence of only one exit route prolong evacuation times. In major events all the population is at risk and must leave. However, much of the population is reluctant to evacuate. Most important infrastructure including roads, bridges, and utilities are vulnerable to severe weather, water, and wind. Because nearly all of Monroe County is a coastal high hazard area most property and infrastructure, including critical facilities are at great risk. Severe weather is likely to cause utility and transportation disruptions. In addition, the county's economy and an important part of its tax base are dependent on the tourist industry. Another major economic factor is the fishing industry and related activities, which are highly vulnerable to the consequences of severe weather. Monroe County has such a fragile environment that it is designated an "Area of Critical State Concern", which requires adoption of special measures to ensure adequate protection. It contains 102 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNutnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 many vital environmental resources including the extensive Florida Keys Marine Sanctuary. Although events such as hurricanes are naturally occurring, significant resources such as fragile habitat, marine areas, and the coral reefs can be negatively affected. This could have an impact on the fishing industry and the natural allure of the Keys. In addition to its considerable environmental assets, Monroe County has many treasured historic and cultural properties, including over 2500 in the City of Key West, that could be lost forever in the event of a hurricane. All elements convincingly confirm that Monroe County is in substantial jeopardy from its greatest hazard, - Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather and Their Effects, Floods, Tornadoes, Waterspouts, and Wind. Municipal Profiles To identify particular `vulnerability indicators" for the incorporated areas in Monroe County Vulnerability Profiles for Islamorada, Village of Islands, the City of Layton, the City of Key Colony Beach, and the City of Key West were developed. The complete Profiles are located in a separate section identified at the end of this document. 103 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Vulnerability Assessment Risk Analysis The Hazard Identification Section demonstrated that compared with the hazard of severe weather, and ancillary detrimental effects such as transportation, utility, and economic disruptions other hazards discussed carried a much lower risk. In addition, with the exception of wild fires, which were more apt to occur in specific locations, (Everglades National Park, Big Pine Key, Grassy Key, Sugarloaf Key, and Big Coppitt Key) the risk of all other hazards identified was similar throughout the county. For example, hazardous materials incidents, oil spills, epidemiological, mass immigration, and civil disorder events could occur anywhere in the Keys. As the Hazard Identification section shows, the exposure to severe weather and related problems in Monroe County is imposing. As such, the Vulnerability Assessment concentrated on studying the indicators that contribute to risk from incidents related to severe weather. At the August 25, 1999 meeting of the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group the members recommended an approach to be taken for the Risk Analysis. The Group agreed that in keeping with the Hazard Vulnerability Assessment, the Risk Analysis should be emphasize that the risk to Monroe County's preeminent hazard, severe weather and its effects, is shared by all areas of the Keys. Although, each municipality has its vulnerability indicators, common risk factors make the entire county comparably vulnerable to severe weather events. In addition, such events can have correspondent effects on the entire population e.g. economic and environmental. Since all of Monroe County is at risk from problems and hazards related to severe weather, no one area is more vulnerable than another is. In addition, due to isolation and linear configuration, the Keys are greatly interdependent. Therefore, there is very little distinction between risk from one area in the Keys to another. The Municipal Vulnerability Profiles highlight particular aspects of each community such as the unique historic district in Key West and the presence of environmentally sensitive and protected areas in Layton, Key Colony Beach, and Islamorada that relate to susceptibility. Notwithstanding, all areas are historically prone to severe weather effects and are subject to the major risk factors, which contribute to this hazard. As documented in the analysis of severe weather in the Vulnerability Assessment, all sections of Monroe County have experienced lightning, severe thunderstorms, waterspouts, tornadoes and wind damage, and flooding. The Upper, Middle, and Lower Keys have each been subjected to major hurricanes such as Hurricane Andrew 1992, Hurricane Donna 1960, the 1935 Hurricane, and the 1919 Hurricane. The risk factors of storm frequency, magnitude and distribution are applicable to all of Monroe County. As shown on the TAOS wind field maps provided by the Department of Community Affairs, because there are no inland areas to affect wind forces, all locations in Monroe County are subject to maximum wind potential for storm events from tropical storms to category five hurricanes. 104 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 In addition to the shared likelihood of having severe weather, the municipalities and unincorporated areas are all affected by the other vulnerability factors,) discussed in the Vulnerability Assessment (Geography/TopographyBathymetry, Population, Property and Infrastructure, Economic Resources, and Environmental Resources). As described earlier, the "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan" cites the overall vulnerability to storm effects of the entire county because of its low, flat terrain (with the exception of certain small areas e.g. Solares Hill in Key West and coastal ridges in Key Largo). The entire county is surrounded by water (predominantly with shallow depths) and therefore is subject to flooding storm tides and the threat of "double -sided" storm surge. Because of the narrow configuration and absence of inland sections, the entire peninsula is exposed to storms from every direction. Each municipality regardless of population size has a like chance of being affected by severe weather events and their effects, including economic disruption, transportation problems, utility outages, shortages of food and water, etc. Extent of physical damage depends on storm size, severity, intensity, direction, and angle and location of land fall. Since experience shows that all sections of Monroe County have and probably will again be affected by severe storms the potential for property loss at is present at each location. Although, some areas may have more commercial structures or public facilities, and some more open space and recreational areas, the potential for loss relative to location is comparable. For example, since the basic vulnerability from terrain, exposure, roadways, evacuation routes, etc. is common, if a storm makes landfall near Key West or Islamorada, each city will receive property damage, economic loss, utility disruptions and other problems for its population. According to emergency management procedures, in most instances, all areas must evacuate the Keys for serious storm events (e.g. Category 3-5 hurricanes). This requirement applies to municipal and unincorporated areas. Behavioral surveys show that there, is at present, a greater reluctance for people to evacuate from the Lower Keys than other sections of the county. However, human nature is fickle and public response may vary depending on storm conditions. Based on the situation, any and all of the people in the Keys could be at jeopardy. Although, the volume of people required to evacuate may not be as large as other areas such as Dade and Broward Counties, the evacuation process is complicated by other factors. Everyone leaving the Keys must use US Highway 1 and/or Card Sound Road to exit Monroe County. Again, this serves to spread the risks associated with evacuation across the entire evacuating population. For even though some people will travel a longer distance within Monroe County, they must all use either Card Sound Road or the "IS mile stretch" of US 1 (two-lane roadways) to reach the mainland. Timing is also very important for evacuation and can affect evacuation time and difficulty. In addition to limited roadway capacity for evacuation, other features of Monroe County's infrastructure contribute to hazard risks. One of the most important of these is "Lifelines" (linear components of critical infrastructure). Since the Florida Keys is an island chain, bridges may connect both primary and secondary roadways. Also, most utility services in the county, including water supply and telephone service are sent from the mainland using conduits, cable, and pipeline, some of 105 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 which is located over or under vulnerable bridges and roadways. Since bridges connect all areas in the Keys disruptions due to malfunctions (drawbridges), accidents, and damage can affect any and all parts of the county. For example loss of the Snake Creek Bridge in Islamorada could prevent traffic flow into and out of most of the county. Bridge outages could have a serious impact on continuity of utility services in many locations. Since the economy of the entire county is dependent on tourist and marine -related activities (fishing and diving), anything that would interfere with these may create problems, including loss of jobs, income, and tax revenues. Although, at times certain locations may be more affected than others, (such as the Upper Keys from Hurricane Andrew and Key West from Hurricane Georges), to the "outside world" the Florida Keys is viewed as one entity. Thus, disruptions at any location can cause "ripple effects" for the entire county. Likewise, environmental implications of severe weather can occur anywhere. Especially significant would be harmful effects to designated environmental "areas of special concern", including parks and wildlife habitats, located throughout the county (identified in the Hazard Vulnerability Assessment). Part of the attraction of the Keys is its special environmental assets, unique ecosystems, (flora and fauna) and marine resources. Again, because the county is an interdependent island chain, problems that occur in one location can have residual effects in other areas. All locations, municipal and non-, could stand to lose if severe weather and other hazards compromise the fragile environment. The chart shown on the following page illustrates the vulnerability factors contributing to the high risk potential for severe weather events and their related effects shared by all locations in Monroe County. 106 Q PE� fq N N � N N CO CO I I ti. ! h v �M k ��. t � 1�• TY `� K �. t?tif v l { �` 1. j �J. A d S t 4 y �� / R •C. , /• � L1 t J � � YtX•td{tyJ3"M1*�- '+mow= Y tt !A? n?, S}��'Its i s. f r N x. �ryt `iT-P - t �,� _ _% : • •.yam y�;�_{i � § � i +�.#- ,�c,c�..ti4 f—p • A.T Sfit Z =1 Y' f :: ac is ��1. {l Y1Y � s t ZA. h i 1 A.. iS. I �„r �f �yy�''��p�. L ,EZG!•� � �M/'� x . ,A� f ,tyy. Z Z i Mn} i!r"`� QY y� 1. Zi:t^ y S'''��tt k 4 �'�SY'r � � `i A ?L �,r �r r•!S i � dTt �{' �•!E� -A''}"s -ar^. .f .. t rat• , ?rx` • AL 'f•�,i�. .�'. Kkv I i N O Co Cfl 'IT e- V_ �G 0 lG J� 0, 00 f9 o� J ox `vim/ I § O GG oo, �O a� G a�6 a a� y -C/0 V.0 0 o y N 106A Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 �w Post Script As we were working to finalize the Local Mitigation Strategy, Hurricane Irene hit the Keys on Friday, October 15, 1999. Damage assessment activities are underway. A Presidential Disaster Declaration is in process. How this will affect the outcome of the Mitigation Strategy remains to be seen. However, it demonstrates how important it is for Monroe County to concentrate its mitigation efforts on its greatest and most frequent risk, severe weather, especially tropical storms and hurricanes. Evaluate Private Sector Participation Following the First and Second Deliverables period the Working Group made a concerted effort to expand it's membership from the private sector. In addition to the members representing various utilities the Group gained members from the Marathon Chamber of Commerce, Innerspace Dive Shop, and Century 21 Real Estate. We were also fortunate to have the aid to Congressman Peter Deutsch as a permanent Working Group member. To increase public participation, the Group used innovative concepts such using "consulting members" who, though not able to attend meetings on a regular basis, are given all information on LMS activities and provide review and comment. As part of the effort to increase membership, the City of Key West undertook a letter writing campaign advising interests, such as the Key West Chamber of Commerce and Business Guild, about LMS activities and meetings and inviting them to become members. Pursuant to this, Ms. Holland Brown of the Key West Chamber of Commerce attended the April 21' meeting. Other LMS Working Group members are also encouraged people from the private sector to be involved in the Group. In spite of the effort to increase participation of the private sector, several people from business interests committed to becoming members and then "drooped -out" because of time and logistical constraints. It should be understood that no matter where the meetings are located in the Keys, many members have to travel up to two hours to attend. This presents a hardship to many people. At the same time, we must strive to have equitable representation in an area that extends 120 miles. Unfortunately, the unusual configuration of the County presents some uncommon constraints. Pursuant to the development of the LMS, the Working Group has identified several initiatives and programs that will include the private sector. For example, to address the need for expanded community education and awareness, the Working Group proposed providing workshops with the construction industry to educate them about mitigation potential in the industry. The Group also developed a Comprehensive Landscape Initiative that will involve people from all sectors, including licensed arborists, landscapers, the County Extension Service, electric utilities, etc. The City of Key West is considering the use of a "mutual aid" program with local grocery stores. This would involve the City providing for emergency needs such as back-up power for groceries, and the stores would supply emergency food and water and post -disaster feeding. These and other private sector involvement concepts have been incorporated into several of the Mitigation Initiatives discussed in the following section. 107 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Mitization Initiatives Through a comprehensive process that began with the submission of Municipal and County `wish lists" of projects the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group developed the following list of county and municipal Mitigation Initiatives. When the project descriptions were completed Working Group members categorized their projects as high, medium, and low. Projects were identified as medium and low to expedite the initial ranking process, however this did not mean they were necessarily of less importance than the projects designated as high. Projects may have received a lower ranking because they were expected to take longer to complete, or their implementation was anticipated to occur later on in the process. or there is a possibility that they may be initiated before grant funding is available. Also, there may be a possibility that they will be initiated before grant funding is available or that they may have been further in line for funding. The lists of highest priority projects was then ranked through a process using factors developed in the Evaluation Section of the First and Second LMS Deliverables. The rankings were discussed in the Group and finalized. Following the prioritization of the High Ranking Mitigation Initiatives, the projects identified as medium and low were also ranked using the same weighting process. When this was completed the lists were merged into one list of final priorities. To assist in calculating the ranking scores, the Working Group member from the City of Layton developed a computerized database spreadsheet for determining project scores. Listed below is a description and ranking of the Mitigation Initiatives designated as high, medium, and low. Time frame indicated could be influenced by the availability of funding. Also included are projects from non -county and municipal agencies. 108 Monroe County Loral Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 LMS Mitigation Projects Designated as High Descriptions Monroe County A. Project: Emergency Management Training Programs Description: Conduct regular training for Emergency Operations Center (EOC) personnel. Conduct training for all emergency response personnel, including County officials. Provide orientation and training for all designated EOC personnel, including procedures, technology, communications, facility layout, etc. Plan and improve hurricane drills with more realistic scenarios. Department: Emergency Management Source: Hurricane Georges Critique, December 2, 1998 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health, Safety, and Welfare. Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities. Hazards/HI-VA: This project would address any emergencies related to the hazards identified in the HI/VA and the LMS Hazard's List that require activation and operation of the Monroe County Emergency Operations Center. Project Type: Non -Structural - Training and Education Program Potential Funding Sources: Departmental Operating Budget/FL Emergency Management and Preparedness Trust Fund Allocation Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6-12 months, February 2000-July 2000 Priority: Huh, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 320 points (corrected) B. Project: Establish and maintain regular communication with local TV and radio stations. Ensure full cooperation from radio stations for use of the FCC -mandated Emergency Alert System (EAS) Description: Work with local TV and radio stations to ensure dissemination of accurate emergency information. Ensure that the local communications industry uses the EAS during times of emergency and/or pre-empts regular programming to provide critical information for the County's welfare and safety. Department (s): Emergency Management/Communications Department Source: Hurricane Georges Critique, December 2, 1998 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health, Safety, and Welfare. 109 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Index of Mitigation Measures, Public Health, Safety, and Welfare, from CEMP Hazards/HI-VA: This project could address any emergencies related to the hazards identified in the HINA and the LMS Hazard's List that require dissemination of emergency information to the public. Project Type: Non -Structural - Policy and Procedure Potential Funding Sources: Departmental Operating Budget/FL Emergency Management and Preparedness Trust Fund Allocation/DCA Technical Assistance Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, Apri12000-May 2001 Priority: High. Medium, Low Ranking Score: 315 points C. Project: Evaluate the need for generators at sewage treatment plants, both public and private, and at fuel distribution plants. Description: Conduct a countywide study to determine the emergency power needs of important facilities such as sewage treatment plant, pumping facilities, fuel distribution lines, etc. This is an important need and was discussed on several occasions by the LMS Working Group. The project should be coordinated with the incorporated municipalities who, through the LMS process, have also expressed a need for this type of study. Department (s): Emergency Management/Public Works and Engineering/Municipalities Sources: Hurricane Georges Critique, December 2, 1998/LMS Working Group Meeting and Minutes of February 24, 1999. LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health, Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Infrastructure/Protection of Critical Facilities/Preservation of Economy Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Index of Mitigation Measures, Public Health, Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Infrastructure Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Utility Outages/Disruption/Epidemiological Emergencies Project Type: Non -Structural — Facilities Study Potential Funding Sources: County and Municipal Operating Budgets/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/Federal HMGP. Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6-12 months, March 2000-August 2000 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 350 points 110 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 %W D. .Project: Construct a new County Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Facility or Upgrade Existing Facility located on the second floor of the Marathon Government Complex. Description: During the operation for Hurricane Georges several issues arose that identified problems with the existing County Emergency Operations Center located in the County Commission Chambers in the Marathon Government Center. The current facility is shared with the County Commission. This can present problems when a Commission meeting is scheduled during a time when an emergency event may be threatening the County. It may inhibit the ability of emergency managers to ready the EOC well in advance of a potential threat. The Hurricane Georges activation also identified the following logistical problems with the EOC: • Space is inadequate for large-scale operations and staffing • The need for a separate room for rumor control personnel. • The need for adequate shower facilities. • The need for dedicated sleeping areas. • The need for adequate meeting agency conferencing and discussions. • The need for adequate space for location of all necessary information boards. Department (s): Emergency Management and all supporting agencies. Source: Hurricane Georges Critique, December 2, 1998/LMS Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health, Safety, and Welfare/Protection of Critical Facilities from Hazard -Related Damage/ Preservation of Economy/Preservation of Infrastructure (Communications) Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/ Hazards/HI-VA: All hazards requiring EOC activation. Project Type: Structural — Facility improvement or new construction. Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/Federal HMGP Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, November 2000-October 2002 Priority: Hi:gL Medium, Low Ranking Score: 405 points E. Project: Retrofit Key West International Airport Terminal Description: Install storm shutters for glass doors and windows. Provide a new emergency power system for the terminal. Department (s): Airport Services/Public Works/Construction Management Source: February 23, 1999 memorandum form Monroe County Construction Management re: Hazard Mitigation Grant Funding III Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health, Safety, and Welfare/Protection of Critical Facilities from Hazard -Related Damage/ Preservation of Economy/Preservation of Infrastructure Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Transportation Disruption/Economic Emergencies Project Type: Structural — Facility retrofit. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, May 2000-March 2002 Priority: Higk Medium, Low Ranking Score: 325 Points F. Project: Retrofit Gato Building County Office Facility, Key West Description: Install hurricane resistant windows and storm shutters or panels for entry doors. Upgrade roofing system to an I-180. Provide emergency power system Department (s): Public Works/Construction Management Source: February 23, 1999 memorandum form Monroe County Construction Management re: Hazard Mitigation Grant Funding LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation of Property and Assets and Protection from Disaster -Related Loss/Economic Emergencies/Utility Outages Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Economic Emergencies/ Utility Outages - Disruption Project Type: Structural — Facility retrofit. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6-12 months, February 2000-Janurary 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 175 points G. Project: Retrofit Monroe County Fire Stations Description: Implement the following improvements at locations shown below: • Big Pine Key Volunteer Fire/Rescue - Provide shutters for windows - Relocate electrical main to panel in safe location • Conch Key Fire Station 112 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 ,"' - Install shutters in the EMS Addition. • Marathon Volunteer Fire Station - Install shutters. • Tavernier Volunteer Fire Station - Install shutters. Department (s): Public Safety/Public Works/Construction Management Source: February 23, 1999 memorandum form Monroe County Construction Management re: Hazard Mitigation Grant Funding LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health, Safety, and Welfare/Protection of Critical Facilities from Hazard -Related Damage/ Preservation of Property and Assets and Protection from Disaster -Related Loss/Preservation of Infrastructure (Communications) Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Wild Land Fires/Hazardous Materials/Mass Immigration Project Type: Structural — Facility retrofit. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6-12 months, May 2000-March 2001 Priority: Huh, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 355 points H. Project: Review and study of sewage and septic systems to determine the most effective method for use in the Florida Keys, especially considering their effectiveness to withstand storms. Description: During Hurricane Georges some problems occurred with private aerobic systems. which are currently the recommended systems in the Keys. The study would review problems that occurred following Hurricane Georges and analyze various aspects of different sewer systems. The project would include recommendations for the best systems to meet the unique and varied conditions in Monroe County. Department (s): Monroe County Health Department/FLDEP Sources: Stephanie Walters, Director Monroe County Health Department, Working Group Meeting and minutes of February 24, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets/Preservation of Infrastructure/Protection of the Environment. Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies' Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities 113 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard ldentification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Epidemiological Emergencies Project Type: Non -Structural — Study and Recommendations Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/Federal HMGP/Florida Department of Environmental Protection/US Environmental Protection Agency Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6-12 months, July 2000-June 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 320 points I. Project: Replacement of storm damaged wastewater treatment facilities (locations to be determined when facility evaluations are completed). Locations could include package treatment plants that serve small communities and businesses within the County. Description: Hurricane Georges demonstrated the need to address replacement of storm damaged wastewater treatment plants and to upgrade these facilities to better withstand potential storm effects. Department (s): Growth Management Sources: Letter of January 13, 199 from James Malloch, Monroe County Program Manager to Kimball Lover, FL Department of Community Affairs re: Unmet Disaster Related NeedslWorking Group Meeting and minutes of February 24, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Infrastructure/Preservation and Protection of the Natural Environment/Preservation of Property and Assets Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities and Guiding Principles Index, Public Health, Safety, and Welfare Hnzards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Hazardous Materials Incidents/Epidemiological Emergencies Project Type: Structural — Replacement of damaged facilities. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/US Environmental Protection Agency has various loans and grant programs related to storm damaged wastewater treatment plants Estimated Project Cost: $3,000,000.00 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, December 2000-March 2002 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 270 points 114 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Municipalities City of Key West J. Project: Retrofit City Buildings with storm shutters, roof improvements, etc. Description: The project would include an engineering study and selection of the most appropriate window protection for all City facilities. This would protect the integrity of the contents of the building and strengthen the envelope from storm hazards. It would contribute greatly to reduction of future loss. In addition, expedient preparedness of City buildings allows employees to get home to prepare their homes and evacuate in a safe time flame. The project will be phased with applications for individual projects submitted separately for grant funding. Buildings to be included: City of Key West Poinciana Housing Complex - Estimated Cost: $1,240,800.00 City.of Key West DOT Building Retrofit Project — Estimated Cost: $518,670.00 Wastewater Treatment Plant Storm resistance modifications including shutters for exit doors. — Estimated Cost: $15,000.00 City of Key West Waterfront Market and Restrooms — Estimated Cost - $68,850.00 Department (s): Key West Engineering Department Source: March 18, 1999 from Annalise M-Lachner, Assistant City Engineer to Julio Avael, City Manager re: Hazard Mitigation Grant LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare /Protection of Critical Facilities from Hazard -Related Damage/ Preservation of Property and Assets and Protection from Disaster -Related Damage/Preservation of Infrastructure .Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Guiding Principles Index, Preservation of Infrastructure Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Economic Emergencies Project Type: Structural — Facility retrofit. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/ Estimated Project Cost: as shown for each project component Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, November 2000-June 2001 Priority: Huh, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 335 points 115 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 K. Project: Storm Water Mitigation Project including installation of injection wells and trench/French drains. Description: Storm water injection wells and trench -draining systems are part of the City's storm water improvement plan. This work is vital to prevent storm related environmental and health problems. The project is composed of the following components. It may be phased for component projects submitted separately for grant programs. City of Key West Storm Water Projects include: Kamien Subdivision Drainage Project — Estimated Cost: $1,240,800.00 Searstown Stormwater Drainage Project — Estimated Cost: $422,700.00 Reynolds Street Outfall Project — Estimated Cost: $590,000.00 DA Sewer Replacement Project — Estimated Cost: $8,645,600.00 G Sewer Replacement — Estimated Cost: $3,761,050.00 White Street/Laird Street/Sirugo Ave. Drainage Project — Estimated Cost: $198,900.00 Grinnell Street Drainage Improvement Project — Estimated Cost: $323,850.00 Duval Street Outfall Drainage Improvements — Estimated Cost: $135,700.00 Flagler Avenue Outfall Drainage Improvement Project — Estimated Cost: $323,850.00 Fort Street Outfall Drainage Improvements Project — Estimated Cost: $285,800.00 Mallory Square OutfalVWhitehead Street Drainage Project — Estimated Cost: $230,500.00 United/Thompson Street Drainage Improvements Project — Estimated Cost: $209,000.00 Departments: Key West Engineering Department/Key West Police and Fire Source: March 18, 1999 from Annalise M-Lachner, Assistant City Engineer to Julio Avael, City Manager re: Hazard Mitigation Grant/city of Key West Capital Improvements Program LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Protection of Critical Facilities from Hazard -Related Damage/ Preservation of Infrastructure/Preservation of Property and Assets and Protection from Disaster -Related Damage/Preservation and Protection of the Environment Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Guiding Principles Index, Preservation of Infrastructure/Preservation of the Environment Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Hazardous Materials Incidents/Epidemiological Emergencies Project Type: Structural — Installation of stormwater improvements. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/US /State of Florida Flood Mitigation Programs/ US 116 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Environmental Protection Agency has various loans and grant programs related to storm damaged wastewater projects Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, February 2000-March 2002 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 360 points L. Project: Development by the Key West Police Department of a Hurricane/Emergency Response Plan for the City that will include items relating to experiences from Hurricane Georges. Description: Subsequent to Hurricane Georges, the Police Department performed a thorough review and analysis of their existing hurricane procedures. Sections of the plan and procedures were re -written and recommendations made to upgrade and improve the current document. The Key West Police. Department is revising their emergency plans and procedures accordingly. Through the auspices of the Police Department, the City also wishes to develop a Comprehensive Hurricane Response Plan for all city agencies and activities. Department: Key West Police Department Source: Report on Key West Post -Disaster Meeting, February 4, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of the Economy Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agency Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: All hazard -related emergencies. Project Type: Non -Structural — Revising of emergency plan and procedures. Potential Funding Sources: City of Key West Operating Budget/FDLE Estimated Project Cost: $50,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6-12 months December 1999-November 2000 Priority: Him Medium, Low Ranking Score: 360 points M. Project: Upgrade and retrofit the Southernmost Waste to Energy Facility (including roof). Description: The project would strengthen one of the City's primary utilities, the Waste to Energy Facility, by reducing vulnerability to the effects of storms and power outages. The cost -benefit potential of this project is very favorable. Departments: Key West Utilities Department/Key West Engineering Department Source: Report on Key West Post -Disaster Meeting, February 4, 1999/ Report on Key West Post -Disaster Meeting, February 4, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfn-e/Preservation of Infrastructure from Disaster -Related Damage/Preservation and Protection of the Environment/Preservation of the Economy 117 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/ Index of Mitigation Measures, Public Health, Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Infrastructure Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Utility Outages/Disruption/Epidemiological Emergencies Project Type: Structural — Improvements to City's utility facilities. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/USEPA/FLDEP Estimated Project Cost: $300,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, March 2000-February 2002 Priority: Huh, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 295 points N. Project: Retrofit the entire City Hall Complex/Police Department headquarters including EOC, fire station, police department, ambulance services, 911/emergency dispatch, and records storage, to be flood -proof, wind resistant, and properly equipped for use in all categories of storms. Description: The project would include an engineering study to determine what improvements to make for flood -proofing and wind resistance. A determination would be made of items needed to bring the buildings up to Category 5 hurricane standards. The City Hall Complex and Police Station are the heart of the City's business and emergency activities. Maximum protection for these facilities would ensure continuity of emergency and government services, including fire and police, and 911 dispatch, records maintenance, and operational capability for many other city services and departments that are housed at this location. Departments: Engineering/Building and Planning Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Key West provided to LMS Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Infrastructure/Preservation of Critical Facilities Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: All hazards that would require emergency response activities and continuity of government operations. Project Type: Structural — Program involves conducting engineering and logistical studies to determine project needs and construction of retrofitting improvements. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program �w Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, January 2001-December 2002 118 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Priority: High, Medium, Low — 385 points O. Project: Determine or verify elevations at various locations in Key West and erect permanent elevation benchmarks. Description: Many of the benchmark indicators throughout the city have been damaged or lost through time and weather. Hurricane Georges destroyed several of the markers. As such, critical information about elevations in the city are missing. This data is necessary when planning engineering, housing, and commercial projects. The purpose of would be to conduct an engineering study to determine where markers are missing and evaluate the condition of existing markers. It may require re -measuring grades at various locations. Elevation markers would then be installed at necessary locations. The markers would be constructed in such a way as to provide permanent indicators that would not be lost due to time and weather. In addition to being essential for construction and surveying the benchmarks would remind residents of the low elevations prevalent in Key West. They could be used as a tool for hurricane education. Departments: Engineering/Building and Planning Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Key West provided to LMS Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Structural — Program involves conducting engineering review, determining elevations, and installing markers. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Project Cost: $100,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6-12 months, May 2000-October 2000 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 190 points P. Project: City of Key West Records Management Backup Description: In the event of a disaster or serious emergency valuable City records and data could be lost. It is necessary to develop a program to determine the best ways to ensure that records are not lost. Such as project would include evaluating status of existing data, determining whether to convert hard copy data to computer format, protection of computer files, and remote data back up. The project could include a plan to secure paper files, computer data and equipment, and establishing a remote location for data beck -up, storage and retrieval in the event of a disaster. Departments: Information Systems/City Manager/Engineering 119 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Key West provided to LMS Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets/Preservation of Economy Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Economic Disruption/Utility Outages Project Type: Non -Structural — Project involves determining best method to assure records management back up in times of emergency and implementation of related measures. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/Operating Budget/Library of Congress/State of Florida Archives Estimated Project Cost: $180,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: Up to 6 months, February 2000-July 2000 Priority: ffigk Medium, Low Ranking Score: 315 points Q. Project: Tree Removal Program Description: After a storm debris removal is an expensive and time-consuming process. Fallen trees can delay the re-entry process by blocking access to roads and properties. The purpose of this project is to create a permanent ongoing tree removal program within the City. It would ensure elimination of nuisance trees such as Australian Pines and dead or dying trees that could create problems in high winds or storms. The program would also inspect properties with vegetation that blocks rights -of -way and creates potential hazards. The tree removal program would work in conjunction with the Key West Tree Commission and City Electric System. The program would function year- round to reduce the dangers of falling debris. It will help mitigate post -storm debris problems and power outages causes by trees falling on power lines. Departments: Public Works/Engineering/Parks and Recreation Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Key West provided to LMS Working Group/LMS Working Group Minutes 4/21/99 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets/Preservation of Infrastructure Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes; Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Economic Disruption/Utility Outages Project Type: Non -Structural — Project involves inspection and identification of potentially hazardous trees and removing them. 120 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Prograrn/Operating Budget/United States and Florida Departments of Agriculture Estimated Project Cost: $165,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: More than 2 years (ongoing), March 2001 (ongoing) Priority: Huh, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 295 points R. Project: Planning for Sister City EOC Description: After a disaster event the City of Key West may not be able to operate from its existing emergency operations centers located at the Bell South Building and City Hall. The purpose of the project is to identify a "Sister City" located in an area that would not be affected by the same disaster. Key West would then use their Emergency Operations Center and service capabilities, as a remote - operating center from which to conduct emergency and other City of Key West operations until re-entry was possible. The project includes identifying an appropriate municipality that would be willing to cooperate with Key West in this effort. In addition, it involves logistical planning for transportation, communications, operations, food and lodging, etc. A written agreement would be needed to assign responsibilities for various functions during the emergency. These include financial liability, insurance and risk considerations, equipment use and maintenance, etc. The City of Key West must also develop and implementation plan for the program. The project would apply to all situations, which would preclude the City from operating at its usual location. Departments: City Manager/Engineering/Purchasing/Finance/City Attorney, etc. Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Key West provided to LMS Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Economy Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Economic Emergencies/Utility Outages/Epidemiological Emergencies/Terrorism-Civil Disturbance/Military Conflict Project Type: Non -Structural — Project involves planning and development for ensuring the continuity of city governments operations at an alternate location. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/City Budget Estimated Project Cost: $50,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: Over two years, June 2000 (ongoing) Priority: ffigL4 Medium, Low Ranking Score: 270 points 121 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability A.smsment, October 31, 1999 City of Key Colony Beach S. Project: Purchase of buildable property located in Key Colony Beach and conversion of such properties to City -owned permanent open space areas. Description: The project would provide for public acquisition of potentially buildable land to stop its development. When acquired the City would maintain the sites as permanent open space. This is an excellent mitigation project since its purpose is to reduce the amount of development in the City and preserve the affected sites as open space in perpetuity. The acquisition includes the Siddiqui Property. Departments: Planning, Building, and Code Enforcement Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Key Colony Beach provided to LMS Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets/Preservation of the . Environment Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Guiding Principles Index Preservation of Property and Assets, reference to South Florida Regional Planning Council Hurricane Contingency Planning Study Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Structural — Program deals with public acquisition of potentially developable land and maintaining it as open space. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, April 2000-March 2002 Priority: Huh, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 265 points T. Project: Purchase of repetitive loss buildings and properties in Key Colony Beach and conversion to City owned permanent open space. Description: The project would provide for public acquisition of buildings and properties that are subject to persistent damage and return of the sites to open space owned and maintained by the City. This is an excellent mitigation project since its purpose is to remove structures likely to experience future damage and loss and convert them to public open space. This removes development and replaces it with permanent open space. Departments: Planning, Building, and Code Enforcement Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Key Colony Beach provided to LMS Working Group 122 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets/Preservation of the Environment Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Guiding Principles Index Preservation of Property and Assets, reference to South Florida Regional Planning Council Hurricane Contingency Planning Study Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Structural — Program deals with public acquisition of buildings, removing them from the property and converting the sites into City -owned open space. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, April 2000-March 2002 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 265 points U. Project: Retrofit the entire Key Colony Beach City Hall/ Post Office Complex to be flood -proof, wind resistant, and properly equipped to ensure continuity of government operations and for use as a hurricane refuge of last resort. Description: The project would include an engineering study to determine what improvements to make for flood -proofing and wind resistance. A determination would be made of items needed to prepare the building for use as a hurricane shelter. Departments: Building and Planning Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Key Colony Beach provided to LMS Working.Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/ Preservation of Infrastructure/Preservation of Critical Facilities Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Project would maintain operational integrity of City Hall emergency operations capabilities and would therefore address all hazards. Project Type: Structural — Program involves conducting engineering and logistical studies to determine project needs and construction of retrofitting improvements. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/US Postal Service Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, January 200 1 -December 2002 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 385 points 123 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 V. Project: Install hurricane resistant or have emergency back-up cellular phone transmitters, includes purchase of satellite phone. Description: The project would include a study to identify the proper and necessary equipment for purchase to ensure reliable cellular telephone service during emergencies Departments:Key Colony Beach Police Department. Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Key Colony Beach provided to LMS Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Infiastructure (Communications) Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Utility Outages/Communications Disruption Project Type: Non -Structural — Program involves determining the proper equipment to acquire to ensure reliable cellular telephone service during emergencies. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/FDLE Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: Up to 6 months, February 2000-July 2000 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 295 points W. Project: City of Key Colony Beach Records Management Backup Description: In the event of a disaster or serious emergency valuable City records and data could be lost. It is necessary to develop a program to determine the best ways to ensure that records are not lost. Such as project would include evaluating status of existing data, determining whether to convert hard copy data to computer format, protection of computer files, and remote data back up. The project could include a plan to secure paper files, computer data and equipment, and establishing a remote location for data beck -up, storage and retrieval in the event of a disaster. Departments: Building Official/Mayor Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Colony Beach provided to LMS Working Group and working Group Meeting September 25, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets/Preservation of Economy Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Economic Disruption/Utility Outages Project Type: Non -Structural — Project involves determining best method to assure records management back up in times of emergency and implementation of related measures. 124 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/Operating Budget/Library of Congress/State of Florida Archives Estimated Project Cost: $100,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: Up to 6 months, February 2000-July 2000 Priority: Hlik Medium, Low Ranking Score: 315 points 125 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 City of Layton X. Project: Construct a culvert across US 1 to reduce rising water from storm surge. Description: The project would include a feasibility study and installation of the appropriate size and type of culvert. Departments: City Administrator/Building and Planning Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Layton provided to LMS Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare /Preservation of Infrastructure from Hazard -Related Damage/Protection of Critical Facilities/Preservation of Property and Assets/Maintain and Protect Roads and Bridges/Preservation of Economy Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Transportation Disruption/Economic Emergencies Project Type: Structural — Program involves construction of culvert across US 1. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/FLDOT Estimated Project Cost: $350,0004500,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6-12 months, April 2000-March 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 360 points Y. Project: Retrofit Layton City Hall to be flood -proof, wind resistant, and properly equipped to ensure continuity of government operations and for use as a alternative Emergency Operations Center and hurricane refuge of last resort. Description: The project would include an engineering study to determine what improvements to make for flood -proofing and wind resistance. A determination would be made of items needed to prepare the building for use as a hurricane shelter. Departments:Building and Planning Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Layton provided to LMS Working Group and Working Group Meeting September 25, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/ Preservation of Infrastructure/Preservation of Critical Facilities Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Project would maintain operational integrity of City Hall emergency operations capabilities and would therefore address all hazards. 126 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Project Type: Structural — Program involves conducting engineering and logistical studies to determine project needs and construction of retrofitting improvements. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/US Postal Service Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, January 2001-December 2002 Priority: H_ i& Medium, Low Ranking Score: 385 points Z. Project: Establish emergency communications system including purchase of satellite phone to assure availability of communications during an emergency. Description: The City will purchase a satellite phone to ensure there is a reliable means of communications in the event of a disaster. Departments: City Administrator Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Layton provided to LMS Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/ Protection of Infrastructure (Communications) Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Utility Outages/Communications Disruption Project Type: Non -Structural — Purchase emergency satellite communications system for the City of Layton. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/other appropriate DCA programs Estimated Project Cost: $5,000410,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: Up to 6 months, February 2000-July 2000 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 295 points AA. Project: Purchase emergency generators to distribute to local businesses to bring them on line and maintain necessary operations. Description: The City would purchase emergency generators and provide them to local businesses to permit continued operation in the event of commercial power outages. This would help to educe losses to the local economy and promote the viability of Layton's business community. Departments: City Administrator Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Layton provided to LMS Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, Welfare, Preservation of the Economy During Times of Disaster — Business Viability. 127 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard ldentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Utility Outages/Disruption/Economic Emergencies Project Type: Non -Structural — Purchase and distribution of emergency generators Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/SBA Estimated Project Cost: $50,0004100,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6-12 months, May 2000-April 2001 Priority: High. Medium, Low Ranking Score: 245 points BB. Project: Purchase of buildable property located in Layton and conversion of such properties to City -owned permanent open space areas. Description: The project would provide for public acquisition of potentially buildable land to stop its development. When acquired the City would maintain the sites as permanent open space. This is an excellent mitigation project since its purpose is to reduce the amount of development in the City and preserve the affected sites as open space in perpetuity. Departments: Planning, Building, and Code Enforcement Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Layton provided to LMS Working Group and Working Group Meeting, September 25, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets/Preservation of the Environment Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Guiding Principles Index Preservation of Property and Assets, reference to South Florida Regional Planning Council Hurricane Contingency Planning Study Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Structural — Program deals with public acquisition of potentially developable land and maintaining it as open space. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, April 2000-March 2002 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 265 points 128 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 CC. Project: Purchase of repetitive loss buildings and properties in Layton and conversion to City owned permanent open space. Description: The project would provide for public acquisition of buildings and properties that are subject to persistent damage and return of the sites to open space owned and maintained by the City. This is an excellent mitigation project since its purpose is to remove structures likely to experience future damage and loss and convert them to public open space. This removes development and replaces it with permanent open space. Departments: Planning, Building, and Code Enforcement Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Layton provided to LMS Working Group and working Group Meeting September 25, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets/Preservation of the Environment Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Guiding Principles Index Preservation of Property and Assets, reference to South Florida Regional Planning Council Hurricane Contingency Planning Study Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Structural — Program deals with public acquisition of buildings, removing them from the property and converting the sites into City -owned open space. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, April 2000-March 2002 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 265 points DD. Project: City of Layton Records Management Backup Description: In the event of a disaster or serious emergency valuable City records and data could be lost. It is necessary to develop a program to determine the best ways to ensure that records are not lost. Such as project would include evaluating status of existing data, determining whether to convert hard copy data to computer format, protection of computer files, and remote data back up. The project could include a plan to secure paper files, computer data and equipment, and establishing a remote location for data beck -up, storage and retrieval in the event of a disaster. Departments: City Administrator Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Layton provided to LMS Working Group and working Group Meeting September 25, 1999 129 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets/Preservation of Economy Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Economic Disruption/Utility Outages Project Type: Non -Structural — Project involves determining best method to assure records management back up in times of emergency and implementation of related measures. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/Operating Budget/Library of Congress/State of Florida Archives Estimated Project Cost: $80,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: Up to 6 months, February 2000-July 2000 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 315 points 130 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Islamorada Village of Islands EE. Project: Design, develop architectural plans, engineering and construction of Islamorada Village of Islands Fire Station/Emergency Operations Center. Description: The project will provide for sustainable critical facilities. It will assure quality control in planning, operations, and preparing for disasters within Islamorada Village of Islands. Departments:Islamorada Fire Department Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, Islamorada Village of Islands provided to LMS Working Group/Islamorada Local Mitigation Strategy/Islamorada Summary of Unmet Needs LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health, Safety, and Welfare/Protection of Critical Facilities from Hazard -Related Damage/ Protection of Infrastructure (Communications) Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: All hazards requiring EOC activation. Project Type: Structural — Engineering, design and construction of new Fire Station/Emergency Operations Center. Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/Federal HMGP Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: Priority: High. Medium, Low Ranking Score: 385 points 1-2 years, November 2000-October 2002 FF. Project: Pilot project to determine actual first floor elevations of all structures in the Village of Islamorada to determine the effectiveness of the NHC SLOSH storm surge model and damage prediction tool. Description: A problem exists in determining the effectiveness of the National Hurricane Center's SLOSH model due to the lack of complete and accurate information about actual first floor elevations of structures in affected areas. Since Islamorada is a new community of manageable size, it would be an ideal place to serve as a pilot for an elevation study. The National Hurricane Center recommends the project which, will enable planners to determine real risk as opposed to perceived risk and could help greatly in determining the validity of current hurricane damage predictions. Information obtained from this study could also be applied to the State of Florida Department of Community Affairs TAOS prediction model. Departments: Islamorada Planning Department/Islamorada Fire Department/assistance from the National Hurricane Center Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, Islamorada Village of Islands provided to LMS Working Group/Islamorada Local Mitigation Strategy/ Islamorada Summary of 131 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Unmet Needs/ recommendation from National Hurricane Center Meteorologist Brian Jarvenin Interview 2/27/99 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health, Safety, and . Welfare/ Preservation of Property and Assets Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Non -Structural — Conduct elevation survey and verify accuracy ofNHC and possibly state modeling efforts such as TAGS. Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/NOAA Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6-12 months, March 2000-February 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 270 points GG. Project: Islamorada Village of Islands Records Management Backup Description: In the event of a disaster or serious emergency valuable Village records and data could be lost. It is necessary. to develop a program to determine the best ways to ensure that records are not lost. Such as project would include evaluating status of existing data, determining whether to convert hard copy data to computer format, protection of computer files, and remote data back up. The project could include a plan to secure paper files, computer data and equipment, and establishing a remote location for data beck -up, storage and retrieval in the event of a disaster. Departments: Village Manager/Planning Department Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, Islamorada Village of Islands provided to LMS Working Group and Working Group Meeting of September 25, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets/Preservation of Economy Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Economic Disruption/Utility Outages Project Type: Non -Structural — Project involves determining best method to assure records management back up in times of emergency and implementation of related measures. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/Operating Budget/Library of Congress/State of Florida Archives Estimated Project Cost: $150,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: February 2000-July 2000 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 315 points 132 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Multi -Jurisdictional (joint projects involving several governmental jurisdictions and/or additional agencies) HH. Project: Comprehensive hazard mitigation (prevention) education and outreach program targeted to government employees, the construction industry and trades, and the general public. Description: During the development of the Local Mitigation Strategy the Working Group identified the need to provide information about the mitigation concept and how to use it. To address educating government employees about the benefits of mitigation awareness, training programs and materials will be developed. Through this training, agencies' staff will understand the concept of reduction of loss and risk and be able to apply it at their jobs and homes. The project would involve the construction industry by developing educational materials and arranging for seminars through the private sector. Businesses such as private contractors and building supply companies would help arrange for and participate in the programs. Groups such as building officials and public works and construction staff could participate. Local governments will be encouraged to allow their personnel to attend. In addition, the programs would be submitted to the appropriate authorities to determine eligibility for CEU credits. Finally, a mitigation brochure will be produced and distributed to the public. It will include information about government mitigation programs (including prevention activities that can be done at home (such as elevating utilities and techniques to strengthen homes from hazards). Public information campaigns will be targeted at such groups as condominium and homeowners associations. Agencies: Monroe County/Incorporated Municipalities/Construction Industry, including Building Supply Stores e.g. Home Depot and Scotty's Source: LMS Working Group Minutes 2/21/99/ Report on Key West Post -Disaster Meeting, February 4, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health, Safety, and Welfare/ Preservation of Property and Assets Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: All hazards would be included in mitigation training. Project Type: Non -Structural — Mitigation and Prevention Education and Outreach Program Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/Federal HMGP/other DCA assistance programs/private industry Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6-12 months, May 2000-April 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 330 points Note: The program could be submitted as a joint project including several government jurisdictions or as a separate project submitted by a single government entity. 133 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 II. Project: County -wide Comprehensive Landscape Mitigation Initiative Description: Despite the fact that debris removal and loss of landscaping are critical effects from wind events such as hurricanes, little attention has been given to the mitigation aspects of landscaping. Through the LMS process, particularly the public forum held in Key West and the landscape presentation provided by Deborah Shaw, Biologist for the Florida Keys Electric Coop., the Working Group recognized the importance of addressing this issue in a comprehensive manner. As such, the Group developed a landscape mitigation initiative to be included in the Mitigation Strategy. It was noted that this was a particularly suitable project because the problems of loss of vegetation and debris removal were identified as significant mitigation issues. The Group defined the many hazards and mitigation issues that the project would address. These include: • Storm Related Hazards - Debris Removal/Loss of Access - Canal and Waterway Clearance - Power Outages • Environmental Hazards - Loss of habitat - Loss of beneficial vegetation, especially native species - Mangrove protection • Drought Effects - Erosion - Wildfires The landscape project will be a multi -disciplinary effort and require public/private coordination and cooperation. Agencies could include the following: • Public Utilities e.g. City Electric, FKEC, Bell South • Government Agencies County Biologist Planners Building Officials Engineers Public Works Administrators • Universities e.g. Extension Service • School Board • Licensed Arborists • Private Businesses: Landscaping and Tree Trimming Services Nurseries and Stores with Garden Departments e.g. Scotty's, Home Depot, and K-Mart 134 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 The project would consist of several phases and products as outlined below: 1. Study to research existing policies and programs including: Current County and municipal landscape ordinances, development regulations, and related provisions such as the City of Key West right-of-way Ordinance and the Key West Tree Commission. • Search of other ordinances dealing with mitigation of landscape related issues. Florida California Product: Model Landscape Mitigation Regulations 2. Comprehensive review of existing literature dealing with proper landscape procedures and planting techniques and interviews with experts. Utility Brochures University and Private Publications Interviews with professionals in the field 3. Landscape Damage Identification and Mapping In response to requests by Monroe County residents about landscape damage occurring from Hurricane Georges, the County Extension service would undertake a project to map locations of landscape damage in the County, identifying types of damage, and recommending possible mitigation measures. Product: Map showing locations of landscape damage in Monroe County resulting from Hurricane Georges, identification of specific types of damage, recommendations on remedial and mitigation measures to prevent future damage and/or address specific damage occurring from Georges. Benefits: To date, little work has been done relating to the tremendous role that landscaping plays in compounding and preventing hazards. The elements of this project propose to break new ground by researching the issue and developing specific information relating to hazard identification and mitigation measures Agencies: Monroe County/ Incorporated Municipalities/County Extension Service/Public Utilities/Private Landscapers and Arborists/Private Stores and Businesses/Universities Source: LMS Working Group Minutes 4/21 /99 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets and Protection from Disaster -Related Loss/Preservation and Protection of the 135 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 „► Natural Environment/Preservation of Infrastructure (Utility Lines) Guiding Principles Reference: Guiding Principles Index, Preservation of the Natural and Historic Environment Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Utility Disruptions/Droughts/Wild Land Fires Project Type: Non -Structural — Comprehensive Landscape Mitigation Initiative including research, brochure, and mapping effort. Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Progmm/FLDA/ JSDA/Universities Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6-12 months, February 2000-January 2001 Priority: ffigh, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 305 points Note: The landscape initiative could be submitted as a joint project including several government jurisdictions or as a separate project submitted by a single government entity. JJ .Project: Strategy and implementation program to address under/unemployment and work force problems related to disasters. Description: Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group members from the Florida Keys Employment and Training Council (FKETC) expressed the need to develop mitigation initiatives dealing with economic and employment issues. Continued employment for people with low and moderate incomes promotes productivity and self-sufficiency. Gainful employment can help emotional recovery. The purpose of this project is to identify and implement ways to reduce the effects of disasters on the work force and economy of the Florida Keys. The project will consider such items as • Employment alternatives • Temporary employment such as for FEMA (local hires) • Public perception/media problems • Economic Diversification • Provision of housing, support, and relief services i.e. day care, training (use Junior college, Vocational schools, etc.) and temporary jobs • Larger companies e.g. Publix arranging for temporary housing and jobs in unaffected areas. • Arranging for transportation to workplaces • Power outages, a substantial contributor to economic loss • Dislocation and Unemployment • Development of emergency employment intervention mechanisms. • Tourism industry providing for their employees to ensure continued work force. • Post -disaster employment revitalization 136 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 • Use of "one stop" employment and training centers — operated through established federal job training sub -contractors Job Service of Florida develop questionnaire and to job service and unemployment applicants to determine disaster -related problems Agencies: Monroe County Social Services/Municipalities/FKETC/related social service agencies Source: LMS Working Group Minutes 1/13/99 and 2/24/99Background materials provided by the FKETC and Deanna Lloyd, Monroe County Grants Management LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation of the Economy During Times of Disaster Guiding Principles Reference: Guiding Principles Index, Preservation of the Economy Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Non -Structural — Disaster -Related Employment Strategy Potential Funding Sources: Florida Department of Commerce funding for post -disaster recovery studies/ Title III — Emergency Job Program funds under the Dept. of Labor's federal Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA)/Economic Development Administration's Adjustment Strategy Grant Program/Economic Development Administration/The Economically Displaced Workers Assistance Act/ FEMA/SBA/FL Dept. of Commerce/DCA/ FL Dept. of Labor/ PIC, Monroe County and Municipalities/FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/other state assistance programs Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, December 2000-November 2002 Priority: li, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 175 points Note: The impact study could be submitted as a joint project including several government and non-profit agencies or as a separate project submitted by a single entity. KK. Project: Research the FEMA Project Impact Program and determine eligibility of Monroe County and/or its municipalities to participate in this mitigation program The project could also include implementation of the process required for local government and county acceptance in the Project Impact program - Description: The federally sponsored Project Impact Program provides funds for participating governments to promote the concept of hazard mitigation by fostering public/private partnerships, providing information and outreach, and related programs. Through the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group process members are much more aware of the benefits of mitigation and the things they can do in their communities to reduce the cycle damage and loss. Communities could optimize their plans by participating in the Project Impact 137 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard ldentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Program and receiving funding support. Agencies: Monroe County/ Municipalities/FKETC Source: LMS Working Group Minutes 2/24/99 and 4/21 /99 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation of Health, Safety, and Welfare/Preservation and Protection of Property and Assets/Preservation of the Economy During Times of Disaster Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Utility Outages/Economic Disruptions Project Type: Non -Structural — Research and Strategy Potential Funding Sources: County and municipal funds/FEMA Project Impact Estimated Project Cost: none Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, March 2000-February 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 300 points Note: The Project Impact study could be performed as a joint project including several government entities or as a separate project submitted by a single entity. LL .Project: Research and develop a Uniform Sign Code for the Keys that incorporates mitigation measures. Description: Mitigation issues regarding sign damage should be considered. A common problem is the extensive damage to signs that occurs during wind events. A cooperative effort to address the problem would save duplication of effort and contribute overall to hazard mitigation. Islamorada has recently conducted sign surveys and studies. Their findings may be useful in the development of a uniform sign code for the entire Keys. There are certain types of signs that generally fair better during storms than others do. This was true even for Hurricane Andrew. Signs contnbute greatly to dangerous flying debris that causes damage. Proper types of signs and good engineering can contribute much to reduction of property damage and replacement costs. A good sign program that considers the effects of hazards is a useful mitigation tool. Agencies: Monroe County/ Municipalities Source: LMS Working Group Minutes 1/13 and 2/24/99 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation of Health, Safety, and Welfare/Preservation and Protection of Property and Assets/Preservation of the Economy During Times of Disaster Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Guiding Principles Index Preservation or Property and Assets reference to Monroe County Sign Code Hazards/HI-VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Economic Emergencies Project Type: Non -Structural — Research and Development Sign Code 138 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/FEMA HMGP/CDBG Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6-12 months, April 2000-March 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 290 points Note: The Uniform Sign Code study could be performed as a joint project including several government entities or as a separate project submitted by a single entity. LMS Mitigation Initiatives Designated Medium and Low Desci iations Monroe County A. Project: Monroe County Structural Evaluation of Facilities of Special Concern for viability to retrofit and recommend improvements to mitigate storm damage. Includes: Lower Keys Health Systems De Poo Hospital Fishermen's Hospital Nursing Homes, including Bayshore Manor Description: The project would involve conducting engineering studies of buildings e.g. hospitals and nursing homes to examine their viability in a variety of storm conditions and to determine if retrofitting is feasibility and appropriate. Recommendations for mitigation improvements would be provided. Department: Emergency Management Source: Hurricane Georges Critique, December 2, 1998 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health, Safety, and Welfare/Protection of Critical Facilities from Hazard -Related Damage/Preservation of Property and Assets from Disaster - Related Loss. Guiding Principles Reference: Index of Mitigation Measures, Public Health, Safety, and Welfare, from CEMP Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Non-structural — Engineering Study Potential/Possible Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program, Federal HMGP, funding from University grants such as Florida Sea Grant Program. Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, April 2000-February 2002 Priority: High, Medium, Low 139 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Ranking Score: 205 points B. Project: Retrofit Old Courthouse, Key West (Historic Property) Description: Install storm shutters, interior mounted to conform to historic guidelines and retain appearance of historic exterior. Install panels for entry doors consistent with historic guidelines. Department (s): Public Works/Construction Management Source: February 23, 1999 memorandum form Monroe County Construction Management re: Hazard Mitigation Grant Funding LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation of Property and Assets and Protection from Disaster -Related Loss/Preservation and Protection of the Historic Environment Guiding Principles Reference: Guiding Principles Index, Preservation of the Natural and Historic Environment. Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/ Project Type: Structural — Facility retrofit. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, February 2001-March 2002 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 125 points C. Project: Courthouse Annex Office Building Retrofit, Key West (houses offices of County Attorney and other essential agencies) Description: Install panels for first floor entry. Department (s): Public Works/Construction Management Source: February 23, 1999 memorandum form Monroe County Construction Management re: Hazard Mitigation Grant Funding LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation of Property and Assets and Protection from Disaster -Related Loss/Preservation of the Economy Guiding Principles Refernce: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Structural — Facility retrofit. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6 months to 1 year, January 2001-June 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 160 points 140 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard ldentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 D. Project: Monroe County Mass Immigration Study and Plan Description: The potential instability of political affairs in Cuba and the close proximity of the Florida Keys to the Caribbean demonstrates the need for Monroe County to study the impact of a mass immigration incident on the County and develop a plan to prepare for the special requirements of such an occurrence. The study and plan could utilize information in current mass immigration policies and plans developed by the City of Key West and Dade County. Department (s): Emergency Management/other County, municipal, and related agencies. Source: Local Mitigation Strategy LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health, Safety, and Welfare, Preservation of Property and Assets, and Preservation of Economy. Guiding Principles Reference: Guiding Principles Index, Preservation of the Economy, reference to Key West's "Open Cuba Plan". Hazards and HINA: Mass Immigration/Terrorism/Civil Disturbances Project Type: Non -Structural — Study and Plan. Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/US Department of Defense/FL Department of Law Enforcement Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, November 2000-October 2002 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 215 E. Project: Review and study the issue of the hazardous potential of fuel storage tanks for Monroe County. Development and adoption of an ordinance requiring secure anchoring of propane tanks. Description: The presence of various types of fuel storage tanks in the Florida Keys presents a potential hazard during severe weather and can contribute to transportation accidents. A study will be conducted to research the issue and determine how to make these facilities safer. In addition, propane tanks both residential and commercial created problems after Hurricane Georges. The likelihood of these containers coming loose during severe weather and becoming dangerous flying and floating debris is very high. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection cites guild drum" hunts as a large part of their post -disaster activities. This problem could be remedied with strict codes and enforcement to ensure that the tanks are adequately tied -down to reduce the threat of their dislodging in a weather emergency. Department (s): Monroe County Health Department/Emergency Management/FLDEP Sources: Lisa Gordon, DEP Environmental Specialist, LMS Working Group and Working Group Meeting and minutes of February 24, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets/Preservation and Protection of the Environment 141 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Hazardous Materials Incidents Project Type: Non -Structural — Study and Development of Ordinance. Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/Florida Department of Environmental Protection/US Department of Environmental Protection Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6 months to 1 year, October 2000-March 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 275 points F. Project: Repair/Replacement of Storm Damaged Housing to Bring into County Code Compliance (specific locations to be determined). Description: A considerable amount of the County's housing stock was damaged during Hurricane George. The project would repair or replace existing housing units to meet current county codes. This makes these structures better able to withstand future storm damage and thereby reduce the risk of potential loss. The proposal also contributes to the maintenance and availability of affordable housing in Monroe County. Department (s): Growth Management Sources: Letter of January 13, 199 from James Malloch, Monroe County Program Manager to Kimball Love, FL Department of Community Affairs LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Structural — Repair, replacement, and rehabilitation to upgrade current housing stock to meet current county codes and standards. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/various HUD programs e.g. 203 K and H Loan Program to fund disaster damage and mitigation measures/Community Development Block Grants (CDBG)/FEMA Disaster Housing/Home Repair Program can offers federal grants within funding limits/USDA Section 502 rural housing program, Insured 504 grants and loans for the elderly Estimated Project Cost: $6,000,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: Over 2 years, February 2001-April 2003 Priority: High, Medium, Low 142 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Ranking Score: 190 points G. Project: Elevation of mobile homes to base flood elevation. Description: Many mobile homes were damaged as a result of Hurricane Georges and Tropical Storm Mitch. The project would elevate and strengthen mobile homes in the (Big Pine) section of the Keys. This will not only make these structures better able to withstand future storm damage but will allow them to remain in the affordable housing stock in Monroe County. Department (s): Growth Management Sources: Letter of January 13, 199 from James Malloch, Monroe County Program Manager to Kimball Lover, FL Department of Community Affairs re: Unmet Disaster Related Needs/Working Group Meeting and Minutes of February 24, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies' Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities and Guiding Principles Index, Preservation of Property and Assets Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Structural — Elevation Project Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/HUD Estimated Project Cost: $10,000,000 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, November 1999-December 2000 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 155 points Municipalities City of Key West H. Project: Installation of hurricane shutters at the City's Park-N-Ride facility. Description: The project would include an engineering study and installation of effective window protection for the City's Park-N-Ride garage. This project would enable the facility to be used as a storage area for Police and other emergency and construction equipment. It will provide a safe location for emergency vehicles and prevent salt -water intrusion into vehicles (salt content of rain during a hurricane is high). This would protect the integrity of the contents of the building as well strengthening the envelope from storm hazards. It is very cost effective as it would preserve both the building and vital equipment and vehicles. It would provide for speedy resumption of emergency response after a threat has passed. Department (s): Key West Engineering Department/Key West Police and Fire 143 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Source: March 18, 1999 from Annalise M-Lachner, Assistant City Engineer to Julio Avael, City Manager re: Hazard Mitigation Grant LMS Goals and Objectives: Protection of Critical Facilities from Hazard -Related Damage/ Preservation of Property and Assets and protection from disaster -related Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Guiding Principles Index, Preservation of Infiastructure Hazards and HI/VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Structural — Installation of storm shutters. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/USEPA/State of Florida Flood Reduction Programs Estimated Project Cost: $518,670.00 Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6 months to 1 year, December 2000-June 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 120 points I. Project: Project to investigate structural requirements for essential buildings and identify retrofitting requirements. Description: Buildings such as the Fifth Street Catholic Church and Salvation Army are examples of essential buildings. Other possibilities include the old City Electric Steam Plant, which could be used as a shelter -of -last -resort. The PATA transportation building and the Southernmost Waste to Energy Facility may also be suitable as refuges if properly retrofitted. Retrofitting would not only be valuable for the shelter potential but for protecting the entire facility to reduce operational loss. Department: Key West Engineering Department Source: Report on Key West Post -Disaster Meeting, February 4, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation of Infrastructure from Disaster -Related Damage/Preservation of Property and Assets and Protection from Disaster -Related Loss Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agency Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards and HI/VA: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare Project Type: Non -Structural — Engineering and Feasibility Study Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/DCA Technical Assistance and other programs Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 195 points 1-2 years, November 2000-March 2001 144 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 J. Project: Establish a universal frequency for emergency communications to be used by all City agencies. Coordinate the effort with Monroe County to ensure consistent planning and operations. Description: The project would include investigation of appropriate means of providing a universal frequency, including pros and cons of various systems. Close coordination with Monroe County and other municipalities to ensure consistency during emergency and avoid duplication of effort and incompatible systems. Departments: Key West Police and Fire Departments Source: Report on Key West Post -Disaster Meeting, February 4, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Infrastructure from Disaster -Related Damage Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agency Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards and HINA: Addresses most hazard related incidents. Project Type: Non-Structural/Structural — Improvements to City's emergency communications system. Could require some structural components such as construction of a radio tower. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/ FL Emergency Management and Preparedness Trust Fund Allocation/FDLE Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6 months to 1 year, February 2000-August 2000 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 360 points K. Project: Develop a program to address problems related to emergency manpower. The project will include the following components: • Conduct a survey of City employees to determine their plans in the event of an emergency. • Identify key personnel who would remain on duty for: Non -serious emergency Serious emergency • Address factors that would prevent employees from working during emergencies: Housing Shelter Child care Health problems • Develop incentives for employees to work during emergencies e.g.: Training Safe evacuation and shelter for families 145 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Plan for central evacuation locations e.g. Orlando, Ocala Provision of emergency housing after a disaster Overtime pay Compensation time Rewards and commendations • Establish emergency contact procedures for personnel and their families • Provide all employees with personal/family and workplace emergency checklists. Description: The program would apply a comprehensive approach to maintaining a viable City workforce during times of emergency. Departments: Key West Human Resources Department/Finance Department/ and other necessary City agencies Source: Report on Key West Post -Disaster Meeting, February 4, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Economy During Times of Disaster. Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agency Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Mass Immigration Project Type: Non -Structural — Comprehensive program to address emergency -related manpower problems. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6 months to 1 year, February 2000-July 2000 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 255 points L. Project: Develop a "mutual -aid" program with local grocery stores. Include the following factors: • Determine emergency needs such as back-up power, staging areas, storage, and distribution. • Recommend use of support agreements with markets in other locations. • Make cooperative arrangements e.g. City provides markets with generators Markets supply emergency food and water and catering. Description: The program would address logistical and economic problems that occurred during Hurricane Georges. It deals with critical issues like emergency supplies and feeding and maintaining commercial operations during an emergency. such as a hurricane. When implemented, the program will have a significant effect of reducing these problems in the future. Departments: Key West Police and Fire Departments/Finance Department/ and other necessary City agencies 146 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Source: Report on Key West Post -Disaster Meeting, February 4, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Economy During Times of Disaster. Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agency Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Utility Outages/Disruption/Economic Emergencies Project Type: Non -Structural — Mutual aid program to address maintaining operations of vital commercial resources such as grocery stores and ensuring adequate emergency supplies and feeding for the City's emergency personnel during disasters. Potential Funding Sources: Key West Operating Budget/Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6 months to 1 year, December 2000-June 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 265 points M. Project: Develop a program to address problems relating to construction site clearance for emergencies, including the following: • Develop written site clearance procedures and provide to construction trades for use prior to an emergency. Impose fines if construction sites are not cleared before a storm event. • Improve enforcement, especially pre -storm. • Sites should be cleared no later than watch period (36 hours). Description: Construction sites that were not properly maintained and prepared added to the problems of flying debris during Hurricane Georges and contributed to disaster loss. The program would develop procedures to address the construction site debris problem and recommend legislative and punitive measures to ensure compliance. It will have a substantial effect on reducing future loss from this situation. Departments: Planning, Building, and Code Enforcement Source: Report on Key West Post -Disaster Meeting, February 4, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agency Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Non -Structural — Program would address the problem of proper maintenance and emergency -related clearance of construction sites and recommend measures, including, legislation, enforcement, and punitive measures to prevent the problem in the future. 147 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Potential Funding Sources: Key West Operating Budget/Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: less than six months, March 2000-June 1000 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 100 points Cky of Key Colony Beach N. Project: Retrofit traffic lights and signage to resist hurricane wind forces. Description: The project would determine what measures could be taken to reduce damage to traffic controls and signs that occurs during severe weather. The damage and loss of traffic signals and signs is common in hurricanes, regardless of the storm's strength There is a need to investigate ways that this could be prevented. The sign aspect of the project could be coordinated with the proposed multi jurisdictional, joint sign project described later in this listing. Departments: Building and Planning Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Key Colony Beach provided to LMS, Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation of Property and Assets Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/ Guiding Principles Index Preservation of Property and Assets Hazards and HUVA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Structural — Program involves conducting a study to determine how to improve the safety of signs and traffic signals and retrofitting signs and traffic signals to resist storm effects. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, March 2000-May 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 275 points O. Project: Upgrade and retrofit the Key Colony Beach Wastewater Treatment Plant and R/O Emergency Generating System. Description: The project would identify items required to retrofit these critical city facilities and construct the necessary improvements. This includes floodproofing 12 lift stations and 1 lab. Departments: Building and Planning Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Key Colony Beach provided to LMS Working Group/Key Colony Beach Capital Improvements Program 148 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation of Infrastructure from Hazard -Related Damage/Protection of Critical Facilities/Preservation of Property and Assets Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/ Index of Guiding Principles reference to City of Key Colony Beach Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Structural — Program involves identifying and constructing items needed to retrofit the Key Colony Beach Wastewater Treatment Plant and R/O Emergency Generating System and increase its resistance to severe weather events. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/ US Environmental Protection Agency has various loans and grant programs related to storm damaged wastewater treatment plants Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, December 1999-February 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 325 points P. Project: Provide back-up systems for the Marathon-KCB Florida Keys Electric Cooperative (FKEC) generation system and the Marathon-KCB Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA) generation system Description: The project would include a study to identify the best means to back-up loss of generating systems of the FKAA and the FKEC. It also includes purchase and installation of appropriate back-up systems. Departments: Building and Planning Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Key Colony Beach provided to LMS Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare /Preservation of Infrastructure from Hazard -Related Damage/Protection of Critical Facilities/Preservation of Property and Assets Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Power Outages/Disruption Project Type: Structural — Program involves identifying and installing back-up systems for FKEC and FKAA generating systems. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/FKEC and FKAA technical assistance Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, December 2001-February 2002 149 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard ldentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 320 points City of Layton Q. Project: Storm friendly landscaping. Description: The project would include a study to determine types of landscaping that are resistant to storm effects and encourage planting of such materials in the City. The project could be coordinated with the Multi jurisdictional comprehensive landscape mitigation initiative described later in this listing. Departments: City Administrator Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Layton provided to LMS Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Infrastructure from Hazard -Related Damage/Preservation of Property and Assets/Protection of the Environment Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Index of Guiding Principles Protection of the Environment Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Droughts/Wild Land Fires Project Type: Structural — Study of storm resistant plant materials and promote planting of this type of landscaping. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/USDA/University grants and programs Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, November 2000-November 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 275 points R. Project: Identification and installation of storm resistant signs. Description: The project would determine what measures could be taken to reduce damage to signs that occurs from severe weather. The damage and loss of signs is common in hurricanes, regardless of the storm's strength. There is a need to investigate ways that this could be prevented. The project could be coordinated with the proposed multi jurisdictional, joint sign project described later in this listing. Departments: Building and Planning Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, City of Layton provided to LMS Working Group LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare/Preservation of Property and Assets/Maintain and Protect Roads and Bridges from Hazard -Related Damage 150 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Guiding Principles Index Preservation of Property and Assets Hazards and HI/VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Preservation of the Economy Project Type: Structural — Program involves conducting a study to determine how to improve the safety of signs and installing signs that resist storm effects. Potential Funding Sources: Federal HMGP/ FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, March 2000-march 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 275 points Islamorada Village of Islands S. Project: Emergency Communications System, including communication and notification system comprised of video and cable components to augment local the local cable system, local municipal radio communications systems, and satellite communications. Description: The project will provide a comprehensive communication and notification system comprised of video and cable components to enhance local and satellite communications capabilities. It will assist in providing continuity of communications during an emergency. Departments: Islamorada. Fire Department Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, Islamorada Village of Islands provided to LMS Working Group/Islamorada Local Mitigation Strategy/ Islamorada Summary of Unmet Needs LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health, Safety, and Welfare/Protection of Critical Facilities from Hazard -Related Damage/ Preservation of Economy Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards and HI/VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Communications Disruption Project Type: Non -Structural — Installation of enhanced and comprehensive communications and notification system. Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/Federal HMGP Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, March 2000-April 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 255 points 151 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 T. Project: Computer Weather Equipment to assist in the emergency planning and warning process. Description: The project provides for the acquisition of computerized equipment to provide access for weather -related products such as hurricane tracking. The equipment will assist the Village with early, site -specific information for intelligence and planning and early warning of severe weather. Weather related equipment is especially critical to provide for warning and notification of tornadoes, a problem that was experienced in the Islamorada area. Departments: Islamorada Fire Department Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, Islamorada Village of Islands provided to LMS Working Group/Islamorada Local Mitigation Strategy/ Islamorada Summary of Unmet Needs LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health, Safety, and Welfare/Protection of Critical Facilities from Hazard -Related Damage/Preservation of Property and Assets Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Provided in recommendation from National Hurricane Center Meteorologist Brian Jarvenin Interview 2/27/99 Hazards and HI/VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Communications Disruption Project Type: Non -Structural — Purchase and installation of computer weather equipment. Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/Federal HMGP Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: Less than six months, May 2000-August 2000 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 270 points U. Project: Restoration and replacement of Sea Oats Beach to mitigate and reduce erosion of US 1. Description: Hurricane Georges severely damaged this critical environmentally sensitive area. The beach provided a vital buffer between the ocean and US Highway 1. It was a growing area for rare sea oats and a scenic site of great beauty. The beach also provides public access to the shore. It was a great asset enjoyed by residents and visitors. The project would include a study and development and implementation plan for restoration of the Sea Oats Beach natural area. Departments: Islamorada Planning Department Source: Listing of Mitigation Objectives, Islamorada Village of Islands provided to LMS Working Group/Islamorada Local Mitigation Strategy/ Islamorada Summary of Unmet Needs LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation of the Natural Environment. 152 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Guiding Principle Index, Protection of Natural Environment Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Non -Structural — Restoration of Sea Oats Beach. Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/Federal HMGP/FLDEP/USEPA Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: Over 2 years, December 2000-January 2003 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 150 points Multi jurisdictional (joint projects involving several governmental jurisdictions and/or additional agencies) V. Project: Production of a Mitigation Program Technical Assistance and Resource Manual. Description: During the Working Group's activities and discussions it was determined that their was a need for an assistance manual to identify mitigation assistance programs and provide direction on how to apply for funds and grants such as the federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. This manual would be especially useful to small agencies and private non -profits that are invited to apply for state and federal grants, but may not have the technical knowledge to complete the application process. The manual would also include a listing and description of various government and/or private programs that could apply to mitigation efforts. Agencies: Monroe County/Incorporated Municipalities/DCA/FEMA (technical assistance) Source: LMS Working Group Minutes 2/21/99 LMS Goals and Objectives: Could address a variety of the Goals and Objectives in the LMS Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards and HINA: Could relate to any or all of the hazards listed in the LMS Hazard's List and HI/VA. Project Type: Non -Structural — Mitigation Program Technical Assistance and Resource Manual. Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/other DCA/FEMA assistance programs Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 1-2 years, May 2000-May 2001 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 415 points Note: The manual could be submitted as a joint project including several government jurisdictions or as a separate project submitted by a single government entity. 153 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentiScationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 W. Project: Impact study on the effect of the Uniform State Construction Code on Monroe County and it's incorporated areas. Description: The project would involve studying the impacts of the Uniform State Construction Code on local codes, regulatory authority, and building practices in the Florida Keys. Agencies: Monroe County and Municipal Building Departments Source: LMS Working Group Minutes 2/21/99 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation of Property and Assets and Protection from Disaster -Related Loss Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Guiding Principles Index, Preservation of Property and Assets Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather Project Type: Non -Structural — Impact Study of State Uniform Building Code Potential Funding Sources: FL Emergency Management Competitive Grant Program/other state assistance programs Estimated Project Cost: Estimated Implementation Time Frame: 6 months to 1 year, January 2000-May 2000 Priority: High, Medium, Low Ranking Score: 190 points Note: The impact study could be submitted as a joint project including several government jurisdictions or as a separate project submitted by a single government entity. 154 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 The following is a list ranking all of the Mitigation Initiatives: LMS Mitigation Initiatives Rankings and Scores This analysis uses prioritization factors previously included in the Prioritization Process submitted in the First and Second Deliverables. *Benefit/cost analyses were not included. 1. (Med/Low)415 points — Project, Multi -Jurisdictional Mitigation Technical Assistance Manual 2. (High) 405 points — Project, Monroe County: Construct a new County Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Facility or Upgrade Existing Facility located on the second floor of the Marathon Government Complex. *3. (High) 385 points — Project, Key West: Retrofit the entire City Hall Complex/Police Department headquarters including EOC, fire station, police department, ambulance services, 911 /emergency dispatch, and records storage, to be flood -proof, wind resistant, and properly equipped for use in all categories of storms. 385 points — Project, Key Colony Beach: Retrofit the entire City Hall/ Post Office Complex to be flood -proof, wind resistant, and properly equipped to ensure continuity of government operations and for use as a hurricane refuge of last resort. 385 points - Project, Islamorada: Design, develop architectural plans, engineering and construction of Islamorada Village of Islands Fire Station/Emergency Operations Center. 385 points — Project, Retrofit Layton City Hall to be flood -proof, wind resistant, and properly equipped to ensure continuity of government operations and for use as a alternative Emergency Operations Center and hurricane refuge of last resort. 385 points - Project, Layton: Construct a culvert across US 1 to reduce rising water from storm surge. *4. (High) 360 points — Project, Key West: Storm Water Mitigation Project including installation of injection wells and trench/French drains. 360 points — Project, Key West: The Key West Police Department is developing a Hurricane/Emergency Response Plan for the City that will include items relating to experiences from Hurricane Georges. (Med/Low)360 points — Project, Key West Universal Communications Frequency 5. (High) 355 points — Project, Monroe County - Retrofit specified Monroe County Fire Stations 6. (High) 350 points — Project, Monroe County: Evaluate the need for generators at sewage treatment plants, both public and private, and at fuel distribution plants. 155 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 7. (High) 340 points — Project, Monroe County: Emergency Management Training Programs 8. (High) 335 points — Project, Key West: Retrofit specified City Buildings with storm shutters, roof improvements, etc. 9. (High) 330 points — Project, Multi -Jurisdictional: Comprehensive hazard mitigation (prevention) education and outreach program targeted at government employees, the construction industry and trades, and the general public. * 10. (High) 325 points — Project, Monroe County: Retrofit Key West International Airport Terminal (Med/Low) 325 points — Project, KCB Upgrade and Retrofit Wastewater Plant and R/O Emergency Generating System * 11. (High) 320 points — Project, Monroe County: Review and study of sewage and septic systems to determine the most effective method for use in the Florida Keys, especially considering their effectiveness to withstand storms. (Med/Low) 320 points, Project, KCB Back-up systems for FKEC and FKAA Generating Systems. * 12. (High) 315 points — Project, Monroe County Records Management Back -Up 315 points — Project, Key West: Records Management Backup 315 points - Project, Key Colony Beach: Records Management Backup 315 points - Project, Layton: Records Management Backup 315 points — Project Islamorada: Records Management Backup 315 points — Project, Monroe County: Establish and maintain regular communication with local TV and radio stations. Ensure full cooperation from radio stations for use of the FCC - mandated Emergency Alert System (EAS) * 13. (High) 305 points— Project, Key West: Upgrade and retrofit the Southernmost Waste to Energy Facility (including roof). 305 points — Project, Multi -Jurisdictional: County -wide Comprehensive Landscape Mitigation Initiative 14. (High) 300 points — Project, Multi -Jurisdictional: Research the FEMA Project Impact Program and determine eligibility of Monroe County and/or its municipalities to participate in this mitigation program The project could also include implementation of the process required for local government and county acceptance in the Project Impact program * 15. (High) 295 points —_Pr piect, Key West: Tree Removal Project 295 points — Project, Layton: Purchase a satellite phone to assure availability of communications during an emergency. 295 points — Project, Key Colony Beach: Install hurricane resistant or have emergency back-up cellular phone transmitters, could include purchase of satellite phone. 16. (High) 290 points — Project, Multi -Jurisdictional - Research and develop a uniform sign 156 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 code, for the Keys, that incorporates mitigation measures. * 17.(Med/Low)275 points — Project, MC Fuel Storage Tank Study 275 points — Project, KCB Retrofit of Traffic signals and Signs 275 points — Project, Layton, Identification and Installation of Storm Resistant Signs 275 points — Project, Layton Storm Friendly Landscaping * 18. (High) 270 points — Project, Monroe County: Replacement of storm damaged wastewater treatment facilities (locations to be determined when facility evaluations are completed). Locations could include package treatment plants that serve small communities and businesses within the County. 270 points — Project, Key West: Planning for Sister City EOC 270 points — Project, Key Colony Beach: Purchase of buildable property located in the city and conversion of such properties to City -owned permanent open space areas. (specified in description) 270 points — Project, Key Colony Beach: Purchase of repetitive loss buildings and properties and conversion to City owned permanent open space. 270 points — Proiect, City of Layton: Purchase of buildable property located in the city and conversion of such properties to City -owned permanent open space areas. 270 points — Project, City of Layton: Purchase of repetitive loss buildings and properties and conversion to City owned permanent open space. 270 points — Project, Islamorada: Pilot project to determine actual first floor elevations of all structures in the Village of Islamorada to determine the effectiveness of the NHC SLOSH storm surge model and damage prediction tool. (Med/Low)270 points — Project, Islamorada Computer Weather Equipment 19.(Med/Low)265 points — Project, Key West Grocery Store "Mutual Aid Program" 20.(Med/Low) 255 points — Project, Islamorada Emergency Communications System 21 (High) 245 points — Project, Layton: Purchase emergency generators to distribute to local businesses to bring them on line and maintain necessary operations. 22.(Med/Low) 225 points — Project, Key West Emergency Manpower Study and Program 23.(Med/Low) 215 points — Project, Monroe County Mass Immigration Study 24.(Med/Low) 205 points — Project, Monroe County Structural Evaluation for Retrofit of Important Facilities, e.g. Hospitals and Nursing Homes (listed in description) 25.(Med/Low) 195 points, - Project, Key West Retrofit of Essential Buildings (fisted in 157 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 description) *26. (High) 190 points — Project, Key West: Determine or verify elevations at various locations in Key West and erect permanent elevation benchmarks. (Med/Low)190 points - Project, Monroe County Repair Storm Damaged Housing to Code Requirements 190 points — Project, Multi -Jurisdictional Study of the State Uniform Construction Code *27. (High) 175 points — Project, Monroe County: Retrofit Gato Building County Office Facility, Key West 175 points — Project, Multi -Jurisdictional: Strategy and implementation program to address under/unemployment and work force problems related to disasters. 28. (Med/Low) 160 points - Project, Monroe County Retrofit or Courthouse Annex 29 (Med/Low) 155 points — Project, Monroe County Elevate Mobile Homes In Certain - Sections of Big Pine Key 30. (Med/Low) 150 points - Project, Islamorada, Restoration of Sea Oats Beach 31 (Med/Low) 120 points - Project. Key West Shutter Park and Ride Facility 32. (Med/Low) 100 points — Project, Key West Construction Site Clearance Project/Ordinance * Submission of benefit/cost analyses will determine status of projects that are tied for points. Cost benefit analyses were not used because it would be onerous to expect applicants to provide necessary information at this time. Also, current information may change before a project is actually submitted for funding. 158 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Related projects non -County or municipal The following projects are not directly the responsibility of Monroe County or its municipalities however; the projects are discussed in the Local Mitigation Strategy. Monroe County School Board Shutter Projects: Sugarloaf School Plantation Key Elementary School Switlick Elementary School Gerald Adams Elementary School Sigsbee Elementary School Reynolds School Poinciana Elementary School Key Largo Elementary School Key West High School Big Pine Key Elementary School Glynn Archer Elementary School Harris School Horace O'Bryant School Marathon High School Sands School Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA) Project: The Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA) is reactivating the reverse osmosis/desalinization facilities located in Stock Island and Marathon. The project will rehabilitate the FKAA facilities and are funded by the Authority. These are exciting mitigation efforts, especially considering the potential disaster -related water problems in the Keys. Source: LMS Working Group Minutes 1/13, 2/24, and 5/26/99 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation of Health, Safety, and Welfare/Preservation and Protection of Property and Assets/Preservation of the Economy During Times of Disaster Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Economic Disruptions Project: The Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority is providing water service to homes on Big Pine Key with disaster related well system contamination. A permanent 159 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 solution to the problem is underway through the extension of FKAA water lines to affected areas. Description: Big Pine Key was an area that sustained severe damage in Hurricane Georges. Part of this damage was contamination of residential potable water wells. The project to extend FKAA service to these areas will provide a permanent solution to mitigate the problem/ Sources: Letter of January 13, 199 from James Malloch, Monroe County Program Manager to Kimball Love, FL Department of Community Affairs re: Unmet Disaster Related Needs/Working Group Meeting and minutes of February 24, 1999 LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation and Sustainability of Life, Health and Safety, and Welfare Guiding Principles Reference: Listing of Agencies Mitigation and Preparedness and Response Activities/Guiding Principles Index, Public Health, Safety, and Welfare Hazards and HI/VA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions, and other Severe Weather/Epidemiological Emergencies Project Type: Structural — Installation of necessary infrastructure to ensure the uninterrupted supply of safe potable water to Big Pine Key. Potential Funding Source: FKAA Estimated Project Cost: $200,000 Electric Power Utilities: Project lists provided by the Florida Keys Electric Cooperative (FKEC) and City Electric System is attached as Mitigation Strategy resources. In addition to the attached list, Key West City Electric System wishes to identify the need for the following shutter projects: City of Key West Fire Protection Pump Building City of Key West Diesel Fuel Pump Station City of Key West CT #2 Generator Building City of Key West Medina Building City of Key West Garcia Steam Plant Shutter Project City of Key West Vehicle Maintenance Building City of Key West MSD Generator Building City of Key West Rebate Building City of Key West Stock Island Power Plant Substation City of Key West CT #3 Generator Building City of Key West Control CAB Building City of Key West Warehouse B 160 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 Private/Non-Profit Agencies The following mitigation projects relate to agencies that are not directly associated with county or municipal government. The projects were identified in the list of Hazard Mitigation Grant Program projects provided by the Department of community Affairs: • Projects to shutter the Monroe County Association for Retarded Citizens (MARC) Workshop and Windsor Home facility. • Project to retrofit the American Red Cross Building in Tavernier. • Project to shutter Florida Low -Income Housing Monroe County Atlantic Pines Apartments. • Marathon Economic Development Council floodproofing and roof retrofit projects for Marathon Marina. • Monroe County Seacamp Project for facility roof upgrade and shutter project. • Historic Florida Keys Foundation Key West Old City Hall roof/louver retrofit project and Old Key West Armory roof retrofit and shutter project. • Fifth Street Baptist Church and Sunbeam School shutter project. • Florida Keys Outreach Coalition Shutter Project. National Weather Service Monroe County and the municipalities should coordinate with the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to promote the installation of additional storm tide gages at appropriate locations. Currently, several of the gages are located in such sites as the back of channels where water can wash through and result in deceptive readings. There is a need for 8-10 gages sited in central locations on both sides of the Keys and not on edges and bridges that can produce false readings. Source: Brian Jarvenin, National Hurricane Center LMS Goals and Objectives: Preservation of Health, Safety, and Welfare/Preservation and Protection of Property and Assets Guiding Principles Reference: Guiding Principles Index, Public Health, Safety, and Welfare, reference to storm gages Hazards and HINA: Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Depressions and Other Severe Weather Future Project Considerations: During the course of considering and discussing this list of Mitigation Initiatives, the Working Group identified several areas that may warrant consideration in annual revisions to the Local Mitigation Strategy and development of future initiatives. These include: • Projects relating to affordable housing 161 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Hazard IdentificationNulnerability Assessment, October 31, 1999 • Projects directed at retrofitting all residences in the Keys. • Pursuant to guidance from the National Weather Service, development of projects related to a tornado mitigation strategy including: - Use of warning devices such as NOAA weather radios equipped with warning systems- - Use of route alert to warn particularly susceptible areas such as mobile home and RV parks. - Installation of tone alert warning systems in schools linked to the National Weather Service or Emergency Management. - Identification and/or construction of safe rooms or areas in residences and vulnerable locations, such as mobile home and trailer facilities. - Public education about tornado safety and warning systems. 162 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Third and Fourth Deliverables, October 31, 1999. Municipal Vulnerability Profiles Section City of Key West City of Key Colony Beach City of Layton Villages of Islamorada MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY VULNERABILITY PROFILE CITY OF KEY WEST Location: • City of Key West is located between approximately Mile -Markers 0-4. Government: • The City of Key West was incorporated in 1832, is located within Monroe County, and has its own separate governmental structure. • The City Commission is composed of 7 members, including a Mayor, who is elected specifically to that office. The Commission sets government policy through such documents as the Comprehensive Plan and building and zoning codes. • Nicknamed the "Island City", Key West is surrounded by the turquoise waters of the Gulf and Atlantic Oceans. Aside from its natural beauty, Key West is noted for historic and cultural resources. The City contains over 2500 historic buildings and sites. The National Register Historic District, the approximate boundaries of which are Mallory Square and the west sides of White, Angela, and Whitehead Streets (see Historic District Map in Attachment Section) is often referred to as "Old Town" and contains many unique wood frame structures over 100 years old. Various architectural styles are represented. Some of the most popular are the Conch or Bahamian Style characterized by sweeping porches, widows' walks, and fanciful gingerbread decoration. In addition to the Historic District, Key West has implemented special zoning and development policies for the City's redevelopment areas, Bahama Village, a historic African -American, Caribbean -American (especially Bahamian), neighborhood and Key West Bight, a marine -oriented waterfront marketplace. The sites have been successfully rehabilitated and contribute as additional "areas of interest" in Key West. • Along with its fellow municipalities and the County, the City of Key West participates in the programs dealing with Critical State Concern, Flood Management, and the Permit Allocation System. • The City of Key West uses the Standard Building Code with local amendments. Key West, like other communities in Monroe County, will be subject to the State Uniform Construction Code when implemented. • The City of Key West has a Code Enforcement Board that was established in the early 1980's. Since then the City has initiated within the Building Department, a fully staffed Code Enforcement Office with 5 inspectors and administrative staff to serve the Board. • In addition to the Code Enforcement Board, because of the City's historic resources, including its National Register Historic District, proposed construction in designated areas is reviewed by the Historic Architectural Review Commission (HARC). The guidelines used by the HARC incorporate the principles of the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation along with local controls on landscaping, signs, etc. • The City also established a Recovery Task Force to serve as the City's designated Public Population: • The City's 1993 Comprehensive Plan identifies a permanent resident population of 24,652, composed of 18, 652 civilian year round residents and 6,000 military year round residents. • Population figures included in the "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, 1998" from the Florida Department of Commerce, "Monroe County Profile" figures, gathered from the most recent U.S. Census, indicate approximate population densities for Key West as 28,000 residents. • Information provided by the Monroe County Planning Department shows the 1999 permanent resident population as 27,681, with a seasonal population of 15,542, for a "functional population" (total of permanent and seasonal populations) of 43,222. • County Planning Department population projections for the year 2,009 are 29,606 permanent population and 16,320 seasonal population for a total "functional population" of 45,926. Special Needs Population • According to figures provided by Monroe County Social Services the City of Key West had as of July 14, 1999, 318 people registered for special needs hurricane assistance. Behavioral Response: t•- • According to estimated information, approximately 1/3 or 33% of the population left the city for Hurricane Georges, (September 1998). a very strong Category 2 storm when threatening the Keys • After Hurricane Georges, a draft study, "Hurricane Georges Assessment" was conducted through the Corps of Engineers, NOAA, and FEMA. A total of 208 people from the Lower Keys (defined as the areas south of Big Pine Key, MM 29.5) were included in the telephone interviews. According to data developed in the study, 62% of respondents in the Lower Keys (south of Big Pine, including Key West) evacuated for Hurricane Georges. • The people interviewed were asked about their reasons for evacuating. 44% of the Lower Keys sample said that they left because of concern about an increase in the storms' severity. 22% indicated that they evacuated when officials said to evacuate and 19% evacuated when the National Weather Service advised leaving. It is interesting to note that only 6% left because they were concerned about flooding, (historically the biggest storm killer) while 20% left because of concern about wind (probablyrbecause of Hurricane Andrew). • According to this information the Lower Keys evacuation participation indicated for Hurricane Georges of 62% is above the figures for the Lower Keys indicated in the "Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study, 1983". This survey showed an anticipated evacuation of 43.1% in the Middle Keys for a Category 2 storm and a level of 55.9 % for a Category 3. • The estimated evacuation participation indicated for Hurricane Georges in Key West of @33% is lower than the figures for the Lower Keys indicated in the "Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study, 1983". This survey showed an anticipated evacuation �► of 43.1% in the Lower Keys for a Category 2 storm and a level of 55.9% for a Category 3. 2 However, the figures used for the Lower Keys, including Key West, in the sampling done after Georges by the Corps of Engineers, FEMA, etc. showed an evacuation figure for the overall area of 62%. This is above the levels of 43.1% for Category 2 and 55.9% for Category 3. • The "Monroe County 1998 Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan" states, "the most recent behavioral analysis indicates that there is a general trend for residents in the Lower Keys to be less likely to evacuate than those in the Middle and Upper Keys". The findings of the studies to date indicate that detailed behavioral surveys (personal or telephone interviews) should be conducted separately for the Lower Keys and City of Key West to get a clearer picture of behavioral trends. • After the storm, based on experience from Hurricane Georges, the City of Key West Engineering Department developed a detailed questionnaire, dealing with behavioral, flooding, construction, and damage issues, and distributed it to a sample of 400 residents. Of the 400 surveys' sent the City received 107 responses. This is about 25% of the total sample and is a fairly good return for this type (mail -out questionnaire) of study. Shown below are some of the responses to the survey. Behavioral Findings of City of Key West Disaster Response Questionnaire Evacuation • Of the 107 respondents 23 did evacuate the Keys for Hurricane George. • 83 people said they did not evacuate the Keys. • 57 people stayed at home. • 19 people went to friends. • 7 people went to shelters. • 83 people stayed in Key West. A complete copy of the questionnaire with tabulated responses is provided in the Attachment Section. Geography/Topography/Bathymetry: • The City of Key West, which is the County seat of Monroe County, is located in the southernmost portion of the Lower Keys • The 1993 Comprehensive Plan explains that, "although the Keys begin m Florida's East Coast, their westward arc puts Key West almost due south of Naples Florida on the West Coast". • The Atlantic Ocean on the south and the Gulf of Mexico to the north border Key West. The Florida Straits separate Key West from Cuba 90 miles south. The city is located approximately 150 miles southwest of Miami. • The City consists of 3,730 acres. • Most of Key West is developed. Its land use mix includes single family residences, multi- family dwellings, time-share and seasonal units, tourist lodgings (hotels, motels, inns, bed `- and breakfasts, etc.). It also has commercial (restaurants, retail sales, banks, Realtors, 3 medical, and government uses. Tourist oriented (e.g. museums, attractions, etc.); marine - related and recreational uses are also present. Key West has a large number of structures, which are historically significant. A majority of these lie within the Key West Historic District and were built during the period of 1822-1920. • The 1993 Comprehensive Plan provides the following description of the beaches in Key West. "Formed from oolite limestone outcrops, the Island of Key West has limited natural sand -lined beaches. The natural beach system consists of rock outcrops at the Casa Marina Hotel and Patio Beach or as rock with a thin layer of sand and shell as at Rest Beach. A low dune exists landward of the high tide line at Rest Beach. Although sandy beaches are present along Key West's southern shore (e.g. Higgs Beach and Smathers Beach). These were artificially constructed. Mangroves are present along small sections of the island's northern shoreline. Beaches on the southern shoreline experience erosion due to such forces as coastal currents, tides, and wave impact. The rate of erosion increases during storm events. • The geology of Key West is primarily oolitic limestone. The terrain differs and includes sandy beach areas as described above, natural wildlife areas such as the "salt ponds" (described later in the Environmental section), urbanized districts such as "Old Town", and more suburban -type settings in the newer parts of Key West located east of the historic area. • Key West is an island surrounded by water. A map showing the offshore configuration (bathymetry) surrounding the City is attached. Bear in mind that shallow waters may contribute to storm surge height. Also, canals, cuts, and inlets can be areas where floodwaters back-up and storm surge may be higher than along flat shorelines. Flood Vulnerability: • As stated in the "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, 1998" elevations in the Florida Keys are rarely greater than 10 feet above mean sea level and in most cases are much lower." Elevations in Key West range from 2 feet along the shoreline near Rest Beach to 16 feet above sea level at Solares Hill. Other higher elevations are man- made and include the waste management area (landfill) and bridges such as Garrison Bight Causeway. A map entitled "City of Key West Drainage Investigation Map" prepared through the Key West Engineering Department is included in the Attachment Section. It shows the 5 feet contour line. It also includes information on flooding locations and drainage basin boundaries. Most of the newer sections in Key West that were built on fill material are no higher then 5' MSL. The map shows that while most of the "Old Town" section averages around 7' MSL, certain locations important for tourism, such as Front Street, Key West Bight, and Mallory Square are only at 3' MSL. Critical areas such as Key West Airport and South Roosevelt Boulevard are at very low elevations (approximately 3' MSL). The possibility of flooding is fairly high at these locations and South Roosevelt Boulevard experienced problems during Hurricane Georges. • Much of the City of Key West is located in the "Coastal High Hazard Area" as shown on the map from the 1993 Comprehensive Plan in the Attachment Section. • Questions about flooding were included as part of the Questionnaire distributed by the City after Hurricane Georges (described in the Behavioral Section). The responses are included below: 4 • Flooding • Did Your Home Flood During Hurricane Georges? • 47 responded yes. • 51 responded no. • How Deep Was The Water? • 0-1' — 17 Homes • 1'-2' — 14 Homes • 2'-5' — 11 Homes • How Long Did Water Stay Pooled On Your Property? • 1 Day — 15 Homes • 2 Days — 20 Homes • 3 Days - 26 Homes • 4 Days — 7 Homes • 5 Days — 2 Homes • Does Your Property Flood In Heavy Rains? • 3" - 13 • 5" - 16 • 8" - 6 • 10"-3 • 27"-3 • How Frequent Has The Flooding Been? • Every Year — 14 Properties • Past 10 Years — 54 Properties • Past 25 Years — 19 Properties • The Drainage Investigation Map prepared through the City of Key West Engineering Department showing flooding locations in the city is included in the Attachment Section. • Overall, elevations range from approximately 3 feet at the shoreline to 16 feet at Solares Hill. Much of the City falls into the VE Zones (coastal flood with velocity hazard wave action). • ' Unlike the unincorporated areas of Monroe County afid the other municipalities, part of Key West is subject to the restrictions of the Coastal Construction Control Line established by the Florida Department of Natural Resources (now Department of Environmental Protection). As such, any proposed construction seaward of this line shall be reviewed and approved by that agency. • The "City of Key West Comprehensive Plan, 1993" provides the following information about flooding potential: "The National Flood Insurance Program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency has determined that the majority of land area within the City of Key 5 West is subject to flooding from a 100-year storm (1% chance per year of being flooded to the identified levels). The area encompassing Center Street is the only area not subject to flooding during 100-year storm events. This area is at or above an elevation of 15...... The majority of land in the eastern half of the city is at or below an elevation of five feet above mean sea level.... Covering a large portion of the City, the 100-year floodplain contains commercial, residential, institutional, and industrial land uses. The Key West International Airport, DePoo and Lower Keys Health Systems Hospitals, and US Route 1, the primary evacuation route in the event of a major storm, all lie within the 100-year floodplain. Some development within the floodplain may have been elevated by fill, reducing the effects of flooding on these sites." National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and Community Rating System (CRS): • The City of Key West participates in the National Flood Insurance Program and currently has a rating of 10 in the Community Rating System. This rating offers no discount on flood insurance rates. After Hurricane Georges, many buildings in the city were classified as repetitive loss properties (receiving flood damage of over $1,000.00 for two consecutive years). Due to this the City's CRS rating was changed to 10. The rating will be re-evaluated when the City of Key West submits a repetitive loss reduction plan. Repetitive Loss Properties: • After Hurricane Georges 28 repetitive loss properties were determined to be located within the City of Key West. • Listed below are the addresses of these properties as of March 19, 1999. l . 1222 Ashby Street 2. 1719 Atlantic Boulevard 3. 1705 Bertha Street 4. 1707 Bertha Street 5. 907 Catherine Street 6. 900 Caroline Street 7. 920 Caroline Street 8. 126 Duval Street 9. 1601 Dennis Street 10. 1708 Duncan Street 11. 2103 Fogarty Avenue 12. 1709 George Street 13. 1705 Josephine Street 14. 1610 Laird Street 15. 1500 Reynolds Street 16. 2305 Patterson Avenue 17. 1600 Patricia Street 0 �%w 18. 1603 Rose Street 19. 2514 Staples Street 20. 1601 Seminary Street 21. 1006 Von Phister Street 22. 1010 Von Phister Street 23. 1102 Washington Street 24. 632 Whitehead Street 25. 1709 Bertha Street 26. 2309 Patterson Avenue 27. 1121 George Street 28. 1020 James Street Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM's): • According to the National Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM's) Key West has a variety of Flood Zones. VE Zones (coastal flood with velocity hazard wave action) of 11-13 feet are near the shoreline and in sections adjacent to Cow Key Channel on the border with Stock Island. AE Zones (areas subject to flooding but not wave action) of mostly 7-9 feet are indicated for the newer sections of Key West and in areas of "Old Town" located in close proximity to the shoreline. However, most of the inland areas of the older, historic portion of the caty are designated X Zones. This includes areas determined to be outside the 500-year flocdplain (.2 % chance of flooding per year) or areas of 500-year flood; areas of 100-year flood with average depths of less than 1'; or with drainage areas of less than 1 square mile; and areas protected by levees from 100-year flood. The FIRM maps depict the presence of both types of X Zones in the older sections of Key West. There is even a designation of AO, flood depths of 1-3 feet in sloping areas for Sunset Island offshore of the west side of Key West. The numbers represent "base flood elevations". This means that in order to be safe from a "100 year" flood event (1 % chance of flooding per year) properties in these locations must have first floor elevations at or above the designated number values. As noted earlier elevations in Key West range from about 3'MSL to 16' MSL at one small location (Solares Hill). SPLASH Model • An early model developed to determine storm surge values was called SPLASH (Special Program to List Amplitude of Surges from Hurricanes). This methodology was designed to calculate the height and duration of open coastline storm surge heights created by an approaching and land -falling storm. However, unlike its successor the SLOSH model, it assumed a generalized smooth coastline and does not consider the amplification of surge by a bay or estuary. The SPLASH values are provided as a standard of reference for the FIRM ratings and SLOSH values. The information is delineated in "time history points". These show the maximum surge height, by category of storm, that a selected location will receive. 7 Time history points for Key West are located on the both the Ocean side and Gulf side and depict the following: Projected Surge Cat 2 Projected Surge Cat 3 Projected Surge Cat 5 Time History Point 41 located on the southern tip of Key West (Florida Straits) 6 feet 7 feet 10 feet Time History Point #2 located offshore of Fleming Key (Gulf side) 8 feet 9 feet 11 feet Time History Point #3 located offshore of Cow Key (Stock Island, Ocean side)) 6 feet 8 feet 11 feet (Information provided by Monroe County Emergency Management) SLOSH Model: • As explained earlier, in the Vulnerability Assessment, after the SPLASH model, a surge modeling technique was developed called the SLOSH (Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) model. The SLOSH model added the ability to estimate the inland distribution of flooding to determine areas that may need to be evacuated. The margin of error associated with the SLOSH model is + or — 20%. The SLOSH model may be used to determine the MOM's (Maximum of Maximums) which are the worst case surge situations for each Hurricane Category taking into account all possible hurricane tracks. Maximum of Maximums Values (MOM's) (worst case scenarios) for the City of Key West: • The Director of Monroe County Emergency Management provided the available MOM's for Key West. Maximum of Maximums (MOM's) for a location in Key West Ocean Side Category Track Directions 1 2 3 4 5 WSW 3 4 9 9 10 W 4 6 8 9 10 WNW 4 6 8 9 10 NW 4 6 7 9 9 NNW 4 5 7 9 9 N 4 5 7 9 9 NNE 4 5 7 9 9 NE 4 5 6 8 9 ENE 4 5 6 8 10 E 3 5 7 8 10 Maximum of Maximums (MOM's) for a location in Key West Bay Side Category Track Directions 1 2 3 4 5 WSW 4 6 9 10 10 W 4 7 8 10 10 WNW 4 7 8 10 10 NW 4 6 7 9 9 NNW 4 5 7 9 9 N 4 5 7 9 9 NNE 4 5 7 9 9 NE 3 5 6 8 9 ENE 4 5 6 9 10 E 4 5 7 9 10 E �1" High Water Marks: • High Water Marks were determined for Hurricane Georges (1998, Cat. 2) and Hurricane Donna (1960, Cat. 4) through the auspices of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The high water locations in or near Key West for each storm are shown below. *Reference Location Water Mark # Value (NGVD) Key West 1315 Whitehead St. 1 4.7' Key West 510 South St. 2 6.8' Key West N Corner of Bertha St. and S. Roosevelt Blvd. 3 5.2' Key West 3755 S. Roosevelt Blvd. 4 5.2' Key West 3675 South Roosevelt Blvd. 5 5.4' Key West Corner of Green and Elizabeth Streets 39 1.8' Key West 1800 Atlantic Blvd. 40 5.4' Boca Chica 186 Star Lane 45 6.0 Mile -Marker 11.2 7 6.5' Mile -Marker 11.5, Porpoise Point 69 6.4' *Reference locations are approximate. Photos of high water mark locations for Hurricane Georges are included in the Attachments. 10 �11 Reference Location Value (NGVD) Bay side Boca Chica Mile -Marker 7 4.70' Ocean side Saddle Bunch Keys Mile -Marker 12-15 4.50' Bay side Saddle Bunch Keys Mile -Marker 12-15 4.90' Bay side Sugarloaf Key Mile -Markers 16-17 6.6' Ocean side Sugarloaf Key Mile -Markers 16-17 6.4' *Reference locations are A map depicting high water marks for Hurricane Donna is included in the Attachments. Severe Weather History: Tornadoes Information available indicates that Key West has directly experienced significant tornado activity. These include the following: July 1, 1959 $3,000 in damage June 2, 1966 $25,000 in damage *June 18,1972 $400,000 in damage (From Hurricane Agnes) August 20, 1978 $25,000 in damage June 28, 1979 $3,000 in damage May 16, 1988 $1,000 in damage May 3, 1989 no costs for damage F-0 on Fujita Scale Garrison Bight F-1 on Fujita Scale Key West F-2 on Fujita Scale Key West F-1 on Fujita Scale Key West F-0 on Fujita Scale Key West F-0 on Fujita Scale Key West F-0 on Fujita Scale Key West Fortunately, no deaths or injuries are indicated for these tornadoes. (Information provided by Warning Meteorologist, National Weather Servile (NWS), Miami.) *Identified by NWS as "notable" 11 L. 1%. The following is a brief explanation of the Fujita Tornado Scale: F-0 Gale Tornado F-1 Moderate Tornado F-2 Significant Tornado F-3 Severe Tornado F-4 Devastating Tornado F-5 Incredible Tornado F-6 Inconceivable Tornado Floods 40-72 mph winds 31-112 mph winds 113-157 mph winds 158-206 mph winds 207-260 mph winds 216-318 mph winds 319 mph —Mach 1 winds • Key West experienced flooding during Hurricane Georges and previous tropical cyclones. However, the most notable flooding incident occurred in the City of Key West in approximately a 24-hour period from November 11-12, 1980 and came to be known as the "Veteran's Day Storm". It was caused from the influence of Tropical Storm Jenne that was over Cuba and a stalled cold front. These combined systems produced 23 inches of rain in 24 hours, the heaviest amount of 24-hour rainfall ever recorded for the area. Even though the water was pouring out into the neighboring oceans, the tremendous amount of precipitation occurring in such a short period of time resulted in widespread flooding especially in streets and low-lying areas. Weather Service reports indicate that 300 vehicles and 500 buildings were seriously damaged. It was fortunate that the event happened on the Veteran's Day holiday and most people were able to stay in their homes. Tropical Cyclones From the wreck of the treasure laden Nuestra Senora de Atocha, destroyed by a hurricane in 1622 to Hurricane Georges which caused much damage and disruption in 1998, hurricanes have played a major role in the life of Key West. The "Hurricane Preparation and Recovery Guide for Properties in the Key West Historic Districts, October 1996" describes Key West's Hurricane history. • On October 11, 1846 Key West experienced a very serious storm. As one survivor commented, it was `the most destructive of any that had ever visited these latitudes within the memory of man'. Most of the damage was located in the north and west sides of the island, along Whitehead and Duval Streets to the Gulf (Bahama Village and Truman Annex) and the Key West Bight. Damage included buildings that were pulled off their foundations and swept out to sea. Uprooted trees and the destruction of a lighthouse. Fort Zachary Taylor, which was under construction, was severely damaged. A cemetery located along South Beach was washed away with the dead scattered in trees. 12 • In 1909 Key West had a hurricane which is listed by the National Hurricane Center as one of the most intense affecting the US. The storm which hit on October 1 1 `h was a Category 3 with a barometric pressure of 957 millibars (Hurricane Betsy was 948). According to the Key West Historic Districts Hurricane Guide, "the arrival of this hurricane caught residents completely unprepared". "Seven factories, several churches, and much of the waterfront was destroyed. Afterwards, debris clogged the streets." To make matters worse Key West had another hurricane on October 17, 1910, which was a Category 3, and cause 30 deaths and $300,00 in damage (costs not adjusted for current values). • In 1919 the City of Key West experienced one of the most deadly and intense hurricanes listed in the records of the National Hurricane Center. The storm was a Category 4 with a barometric pressure of 927 millibars (Hurricane Andrew in 1992 was 922 millibars). The storm caused approximately 600 deaths. The Hurricane passed Key West and the Dry Tortugas on a westward course. Key West recorded winds of 95 mph, with a barometric pressure of 28.81 inches (Hurricane Andrew was 27.23"). Tide levels (unclear whether storm tide or storm surge) were 5-7 feet above Mean Sea Level (MSL). Key West was influenced by several other events including a Category 3 hurricane in October 1944, which also affected Cuba, Hurricanes Donna (1960), Betsy (1965), and Inez (1966). Additional storms include, Tropical Storm Alberto, which developed off Key West on November 21, 1982, Hurricane Kate (November 1982), Hurricane Floyd (October 1987), and Hurricane Andrew (August 1992). • Between September 24-26, 1998 the City of Key West experienced the affects of Hurricane Georges a Category 2 storm resulting in 1 death and approximately $300,000,000 damage for all of Monroe County. Hurricane Georges made landfall in the Lower Keys on Friday, September 25, 1998. The entire county was effected to some extent by the storm. The most recent damage estimate (September 1999), including insurable, uninsurable, and infrastructure loss is nearly $300 million for the entire county. Hurricane Georges devastated the Caribbean, including Haiti and the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Cuba before taking aim at Monroe County. When it hit Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic on September 22nd, it was a strong Category 3 Hurricane with 120 mph -sustained winds. Fortunately, the storm had weakened to a Category 2 when it struck the Florida Keys. According to the Warning Meteorologist at the National Weather Service in Key West, the lowest storm pressure was 97.4 M13 at the Dry Tortugas. Maximum sustained winds at the Naval Air Station (Boca Chica) near Key West were 92 mph. The Emergency Operations Center in Marathon reported gusts to 110 mph. Winds in the northeast quadrant of the storm (normally the strongest part) were estimated at 105 mph sustained. According to the Key West Weather Service, precipitation levels in the Lower Keys were identified as 8.65 inches on the south side of Sugarloaf Key. 8.38 inches at Key West International Airport, and 8.20 inches on Cudjoe Key. Tavernier in the Upper Keys recorded 8.41 inches. The most severe damage was located between Sugarloaf Key and Big Pine Key in the Lower Keys. Georges is proving to be an expensive storm. Additional information about the effects of Hurricane Georges on the City of Key West, including damage, is provided later in the Key West Vulnerability Profile. 13 Before this Profile was finalized Hurricane Irene, a Category 1 Hurricane, hit Monroe County, including the City of Key West, (where the center of the storm was closest). The Hurricane changed direction and came with very little warning on October 15, 1999. Meteorological and damage information is still being developed. Hurricane Georges Real Time Information: • During Hurricane Georges the Monroe County Emergency Management Director maintained a map of events as they occurred. The closest account near the City of Key West is a report from the Monroe County Sheriff's Office of extensive damage to Stock Island. The section of a Monroe County map depicting this is included in the Attachments. Damage: Costs The City of Key West Finance Department provided the most current damage expense information for Hurricane Georges. The following includes requests for government cost reimbursements for the declared Hurricane Georges Disaster, 3131 DR FL. DSR PROJECT CATEGORY DESCRIPTION LG/SM PROJEC T # # ESTI MAT E 3131-DR- FUEMERGENCY RESPONSE PERIOD @ 100% see PW 42 ERP-4 B STORM DEBRIS — BFI S $17,450 00007 ERP-7 B BLDING/ZONING MATERIALS & EQUIP/REC EQUIP S $1,313 00010 ERP-20 B OMI EQUIPMENT S $1,657 DENIED ERP-21 B MGR/ASST MGR/FIN/PLANNER/MIS-PERSONNEL S DENIED 00012 ERP-22 B PUBLIC WORKS PERSONNEL S $33,252 00015 ERP-23 B POLICE PERSONNEL L $120,395 00013 ERP-24 B FIRE PERSONNEL S $39,914 00011 ERP-25 B CITY PERSONNEL S $29,191 00009 ERP-26 A DEBRIS REMOVAL — TOPPINO S $29,635 00049 ERP-27 B PERSONNEL — MISC S •_ $25,811 1249-DR-FURECOVERY PERIOD 00056 1 B POLICE MATERIALS S $2,240 DENIED 2 B CKW TEMPORARY HIRES S DENIED 21440 3 B FIRE — EQUIPMENT S $6,504 00008 4 B COLLECTION OF DEBRIS — BFI S $8,363 00061 5 A DISPOSAL OF DEBRIS — MEOLEY LANDFILL S $40,990 00062 6 B PUBLIC WORKS — MATERIAL & EQUIPMENT S $14,233 00081 7 B BUILDING/ZONING — MATERIALS & EQUIPMENT S $1,777 DEN'—') 8 G TREE COMMISSION MATERIALS S DENIED 000� 9 E FACILITES — BEACHES S $15,000 208920_ 10 E RECREATION STRUCTURES S $22,864 14 0CM5 11 G KW DOi - MATERIALS S $1,969 00057 12 B RECREATION - EQUIPMENT S $2,805 00066 13 B SWTE - EQUIPMENT S $13,727 00067 14 B KW DOT & KWB EQUIPMENT S $6,580 00074 14A B KW DOT EQUIPMENT/KW BIGHT EQUIPMENT S $1,522 00014 15 A DEBRIS DISPOSAL C&D L $68,464 23110 OVERRUN - FINAL INSPECTION $85,863 00068 16 G GARRISONBIGHT- MATERIALS S $1,218 00058 18 E MALLORY SQUARE - EQUIPMENT S $1,600 00089 20 B OMI - MATERIALS & EQUIPMENT S $18,471 00045 21 B CITY PERSONNEL S $3,418 00046 22 B PUBLIC WORKS PERSONNEL S $12,236 00047 23 B POLICE - PERSONNEL S $5,665 00070 24 B FIRE - PERSONNEL S $15,029 00044 25 B CITY PERSONNEL S $9,986 00097 26 G PARKING METER REPAIR - SMATHERS BEACH S $22,666 00048 27 B ENGINEERING PERSONNEL S $7,646 00071 28 B POLICE - EQUIPMENT S $10,119 00072 29 E MALLORY SQUARE STRUCTURES S $39,500 20894 30 E CITY HALL S $1,800 20895 31 E WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT S $5,000 00073 32 E LIFT STATIONS S $1,900 20896 33 E FIRE STATION S $3,800 20897 34 E KW DOT STRUCTURE S $3,500 00059 35 E GARRISON BIGHT STRUCTURE S $4,552 DSR PROJECT CATEGORY DESCRIPTION LG/SM PROJECT # # ESTIMATE 20898 37 E TROPICAL SHELUPARK N RIDE S $1,445 20899 38 E KWB STRUCTURE S $23,749 00075 39 E WICKERS FIELD COMPLEX S $45,000 00076 40 E CLAYTON STERLING SPORTS COMPLEX S $28,500 00041 41 A HAZARDOUS MATERIAL - HOUSEBOAT ROW S $35,000 20012 42 A DEBRIS REMOVAL - PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY L $1,190,155 23109 OVERRUN - FINAL INSPECTION $988,552 20010 43 A DEBRIS DISPOSAL L $740,096 23115 UNDER RUN - FINAL INSPECTION $(281,413) 20011 44 A DEBRIS REMOVAL - TOPPINO - ROE L $360,000 23116 OVERRUN - FINAL INSPECTION $142,172 20021 45 A DEBRIS REMOVAL - HOUSEBOAT ROW L $59,904 23113 DEBRIS DISPOSAL $17,076 20022 46 G SAND SCREENING L $116,507 23114 OVERRUN - FINAL INSPECTION $31,223 47 E EATERY RESTURANT (SOUTH BEACH) S $60,000 48 G SOUTH BEACH RENOURISHMENT L 49 G REST BEACH RENOURISHMENT L 50 G SMATHERS BEACH RENOURISHMENT L $275,000 00195 51 G STREETS AND SIDEWALKS L $193,457 20891 52 E INCINERATOR PLANT L $534,598 00213 53 G SEAWALL REPLACEMENT L $6,619,000 00212 53 G SEAWALL REPLACEMENT DESIGN L $336,388 NRCS 54 NRCS CANALS L $224,100 23026 55 B REST BEACH EMERGENCY BERMS L $95,149 23028 58 B SOUTH BEACH EMERGENCY BERMS L $109,880 23027 57 B SIMONTON BEACH EMERGENCY BERMS S $45,605 23029 58 B DOG BEACH EMERGENCY BERMS S $25,781 23' 59 B SMATHERS BEACH EMERGENCY BERMS L $767,247 23 60 SOUTH BEACH PIER L $162,990 ADDITIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE COST --- 15 $12,947,161 TOTAL $13, 706, 786 $13,706,769 As the list shows, the total of cost of Damage Survey Reports for Hurricane Georges as of October 12, 1999 is $13,706,769. The following information on damage costs was tabulated from the 107 responses to the questionnaire distributed by the Key West Engineering Department after Hurricane Georges: • Total cost of damage to contents caused by Georges $344,150.00 • Total cost of damage to house by Georges $420,010.00 • Total cost of damage to yard caused by Georges $179,735.00 • Total cost of damage to vehicles caused by Georges $177,100.00 • Total cost of 10 year damage caused by Non -Georges flooding or rain events $242,800.00 The City also determined the following totals taken from the back of the questionnaire answered by only 52 property owners: • Total cost of wind damage caused by Georges $254,700.00 • Total cost of wind damage past 10 years $ 56,735.00 The Key West Questionnaire also included the following information about home construction: • Total of homes built in the 1920's — 1, 1930's — 1, 1940's — 6, 1950'-60s' — 15, 1970's — 8, 1980's — 2, 1990's - 5 • Number of homes built with wood 14 • Number of homes built with concrete block 72 • Number of homes with window shutters 75 • Number of homes with door shutters 52 • Number of homes with home-made shutters 17 • Number cf homes with commercial shutters 48 B `1 Physical Damage The following is an account of damage in the City of Key West as reported in a special edition of the Miami Herald, September 27, 1998: 1. Hemingway House, 907 Whitehead Street 146 year old Banyan tree resting on home. But home intact. No famous "six -toed" Hemingway cats killed. (The famous facility did suffer some damage but has been repaired.) 2. AIDs Memorial, southern end of White Street Covered in 2 inches of sand. 3. Old City Hall, Green Street at Duval Street Clock sucked out of tower. 4. Key West International Airport Runway flooded, one private plane overturned. 5. Duval Street Tree blocking road at Angela Street 6. Louie's Backyard, legendary restaurant, 700 Waddell Street Afterdeck waterfront bar destroyed. 7. Casa Marina Hotel (historic property), 1500 Reynolds Street Tennis court flooded, pier completely gone. 8. South Roosevelt Boulevard (main traffic artery) ��— Covered in foot of sand and seaweed from being overtopped during the storm. Along Smathers Beach seaweed and sponges were piled halfway up the parking meters. 9. Houseboat Row, along South Roosevelt Boulevard across from the Quality Inn Houseboats underwater smashed together. 10. Quality Inn,3850 South Roosevelt Boulevard Sailboat on lawn. 11. Atlantic Boulevard (three blocks from beach) About a foot of standing water. 12. Key West High School, Flagler Avenue at Third Street Football field lost goal post. Information about flooding in homes was provided earlier in the Flood Vulnerability Section of the Profile. Economic Damage Many businesses were closed or severely restricted from operating due to structural damage and power outages. The major economic factor was that the City was closed to visitors until October 9, 1998. This effectively curtailed tourism for 2 weeks. Additional information about the economic effects of severe weather is included in the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment section of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. 17 Important Facilities According to the Critical Facilities Map prepared by the City of Key West (included in the Attachments Section) the City has identified the following important sites: Bridges • Fleming Key • Garrison Bight • Salt Run Channel • 9 h Street Canal • Cow Key Channel Sewer Lift Stations • 250 Amelia Street • 613 Greene Street • 699 Palm Avenue • 1329 Seminary Street • 1391 Atlantic Boulevard �,.. • 2430 Government Road • 1460 Fourteenth Street • 3545 Flagler Avenue • 250 Trumbo Road • 3105 North Roosevelt Boulevard • 3906 South Roosevelt Boulevard • 3485 South Roosevelt Boulevard • 3557 South Roosevelt Boulevard • 3805 South Roosevelt Boulevard • 2401 South Roosevelt Boulevard • 2700 Venetian Drive • Garrison Bight Causeway • Wastewater Treatment Plant Emergency Facilities • Emergency Operations Center, Southern Bell Building, Southard Street • Dee Poo Hospital • Lower Florida Keys Hospital 18 City Facilities • Old City Hall • City Hall with Fire and Police Facilities • Martin Luther King Pool Building • Indigenous Park • Mallory Square • Douglas Gym • Wickers Sports Complex • Bayview Park Recreational Center • Public Safety Facility • Fire Station #1 • Fire Station #3 • Key West DOT Building • Public Works Building • OMI Repair Building • Fire Station Museum • City Hall Annex • City Hall Parking Garage • Old Town Garage • Southernmost Waste to Energy Facility (Locations for the facilities listed above are shown on Critical Facilities Map included in the Attachments.) Critical Facilities located within the limits of the City of Key West included on the Monroe County List (these sites were included on the facilities list developed by Monroe County): • Key West International Airport 3491 South Roosevelt Boulevard • Monroe County Courthouse 500 Whitehead Street • Monroe County School Transportation • and Administration Facility 242 Whitehead Street • Monroe County Public Works Building 3583 South Roosevelt Boulevard • Truman Complex County • r Government Facility Truman and White Streets • Key West City Port and Transit • Authority Building 627 Palm Avenue • Key West City Hall 525 Angela Street • Key West Fire Stations 1-3 • Lower Keys Health Systems 5900 Junior College Road • De Poo Hospital 1200 Kennedy Drive • Florida Highway Patrol • Substation South Roosevelt Boulevard Adjacent to KW Airport 19 US Coast Guard Base Military Fuel Storage Facility City Electric Main Office City Electric Substation Key West Landfill Key West Wastewater Treatment Facility Florida Keys Aqueduct (FKAA) Authority Water Towers FKAA Storage Facility FKAA Reverse Osmosis Plant and Storage Facility FKAA Main Office FKAA Reverse Osmosis Plant and Storage Facility FKAA Pumping Station Schools serving Key West: Trumbo Point Military Complex Trumbo Point Military Complex 1001 James Street Kennedy Drive 5300 Junior College Road (Stock Island) Fleming Key Sigsbee Base Sigsbee Base 7200 Front Street 1100 Kennedy Drive Stock Island Stock Island • Gerald Adams Elementary School, 5800 Junior College Road (Stock Island) • Sigsbee Elementary School, Key West, Sigsbee Park Navy Complex • Glynn Archer Elementary School, Key West, 1302 White Street • Poinciana Elementary School, Key West, 1212 141h Street • Horace O'Brien Middle School, Key West, 1105 Leon Street • Key West High School, 2100 Flagler Avenue • Mary Immaculate Star of the Sea School, 700 Truman Avenue • Grace Lutheran School, 2713 Flagler Avenue • Montessori Children's School, 1221 Varela Street Shelters/Refuges/Staging Areas: The following facilities in Key West have been designated as shelters by Monroe County Emergency Management for use in Category 1-2 storms: f r • Glynn Archer Elementary School, Key West • Key West City Hall • Key West City Hall Annex • Harvey Government Center, Key West 20 Monroe County Emergency Management has designated the following facilities in Key West as "Refuges of Last Resort". (These locations represent the best available places to go to if evacuation from Category 3-5 storms is no longer an option.): • Island Moving and Storage, Key West • Scottish Rite Temple Association, Key West • Marriot's Casa Marina, Key West • Holiday Inn La Concha, Key West Monroe County Emergency Management has identified the following locations in Key West as Staging Areas: • Florida Keys Community College, MM 5-11 (Stock Island) • Key West High School, 2100 Flagler Avenue, Key West • Horace O'Bryant Middle School, 1105 Leon Street, Key West • Douglas Community Center Gym, 830 Emma Street, Key West Hazardous Materials Sites: The following facilities are listed on the Monroe List of 302 Facilities (federal standards): • Bell South, 530 Southard Street • City Electric, 6900 Front Street • City Electric 1001 James Street • Key West Wastewater Treatment Plant, Trumbo Point Annex, Fleming Key • Naval Air Station, Boca Chica • Naval Air Station, Trumbo Point 21 Mobile Homes: According to the Monroe County List of Mobile/RV Parks (October 1995), the following Mobile Home/RV facilities are located in Key West: Key West Villas (Poinciana) LTD Mobile Home Park Stadium Mobile Home Park Waters Edge Colony Bayside Trailer Park Key West Trailer Court Woodson's Trailer Park Jabours Trailer Park Sunset Harbor Trailer Park Marinas: A & B Marina Galleon Marina Garrison Bight Marina Hilton Haven Marina Key West Seaport Key West Yacht Club Marina Land's End Marina Murray Marine Sales and Service Marina Truman Annex Marina Environmental Resources/Vegetation: 1300 15`h Court, Duck Avenue 1213 14d' Street Laurel and 2"d Street 615 Greene Street 1015 Simonton Street 6325 First Street 223 Elizabeth Street 5031 Fifth Avenue 700 Front Street 619 Front Street Garrison Bight Causeway 2319 North Roosevelt Boulevard 700 Front Street 2315 North Roosevelt Boulevard 201 Williams Street 5710 US Highway 1 201 Front Street The City's Comprehensive Plan section on Natural Coastal Resources explains that aside from the Salt Ponds Area and Airport Environs, "land within the City of Key West has primarily been consumed by urban development". "The area identified as the "Salt Ponds and Airport Environs" comprises the southeast portion of the city and contains a concentration of environmentally sensitive natural resources, including hardwood hammocks, mangroves, wetlands, and ponds". According to the document, the section of Key West identified as the "salt ponds conservation resources" are the most "environmentally significant resources in the City". r The following information about environmental and natural resources in Key West has been excerpted from the 1993 Comprehensive Plan. "Biological natural resources within the City of Key West include vegetative communities, aquatic and reef habitats, dominant species, fisheries, and endangered species. These resources are discussed below. 22 Vegetative Communities and Habitats. Vegetative communities are ecological colonies classified according to the predominant vegetation, soils, and animals native to each. Most land area within the City of Key West supports urban development. Nearly all of the City's natural areas containing environmentally sensitive vegetative communities exist within the Salt Pond area or on North Stock Island. Some isolated areas also exist along other portions of the City's extensive shoreline. Seagrass beds also are extensive and surround the entire island except those areas where dredge or fill occurred. Coral reef and marine habitat are other important natural resources impacted by human on and off shore activity. The inventory of vegetative communities is separated according to the Salt Ponds Natural Area and natural areas outside the Salt Ponds. • Salt Ponds Natural Areas. The name Salt Ponds. Has evolved based on usage of the area in the 1800's. The name is no longer an accurate description of the entire area today. A "salt pond. is a shallow water basin isolated, or nearly isolated, either by natural or man made barriers, from tidal influences that once enabled sea water to enter and recede its confines. Cut off from open seawater, salt ponds are replenished by exceptionally high tidal activity. The area became impounded early in the 1800's when settlers exploited the site for the manufacture of sea salt. However, in recent years several restoration projects restored tidal circulation to the ponds, enabling them to naturally function as tidal waters. Several ponds still experience hypersalinity during the dry season, as do other "salt ponds" in the Florida Keys. • The Salt Ponds area is a productive wetland system that represents Key West's most significant and valuable natural habitat. Urban development covers nearly all other areas of Key West, leaving the Salt Ponds as the last remaining natural area to preserve vegetative communities and to provide habitat for wildlife and endangered species. • Vegetative Communities and Habitats. Due to tidal influences and high levels of salinity within the Salt Ponds, a diverse mix of habitats exists that include tidal ponds, transitional wetlands, and tropical hardwood hammocks. • Tidal Ponds. Cover 161.6 acres of the Salt Ponds and tidal ponds surround the Key West International Airport. Due to successful restoration efforts completed in recent years, some previously impounded areas are now influenced by the tides. All seawater flows in and out of the ponds via the Riviera Canal or through several culverts passing under South Roosevelt Blvd. on the east end of the Salt Ponds. Vegetative communities within the tidal ponds include Seagrass beds and marine algae communities. Depending on the location and substrate, the Seagrass habitats vary from dense beds in the large open ponds and tidal creeks to sparse but persistent in the semi -impounded ponds. • Mangrove Wetlands. Bordering the edge of tidal ponds in dense stands are mixed mangrove wetlands consisting of red, black, and white mangroves. Red mangroves reach 30 to 40 feet tall in some places of the Salt Ponds. The mangrove community is tolerant `- to the saline waters found within the tidal ponds and seines as habitat and food source for 23 �,.. a range of aquatic species. The roots of the dense black and red mangrove forests support diverse populations of marine algae and various attached invertebrates including sponges, mollusks, hydrozoans and tunicates, as well as providing protective cover to a variety of fish and mobile invertebrates and feeding habitat for wading birds. Mangroves are essential to the ecosystem because they hold shorelines against erosion, support the food chain and provide nursery areas for marine life. Wading birds, shore birds, white crowned pigeons and birds of prey nest, feed, and roost in mangroves. Mangrove fringe is now limited to North Stock Island, the Salt Ponds, Riviera Canal, Garrison Bight, Cow Key Channel, Fleming Key, Sigsbee, and Trumbo Point. • The mangrove wetlands cover approximately 96 acres of the Salt Ponds area. • Transitional Wetlands. The area generally 1`ying landward of the mangroves and seaward of the upland communities is referred to as the Zone of Transition. Endemic to this zone are two vegetative communities that are classified as wetlands salt marsh and buttonwoods. The salt marshes are usually found in the lower transitional wetland area where soils contain higher water content, the buttonwoods typically are found in higher transitional areas and border areas occupied by the tropical hardwoods. Approximately 55 acres of transitional wetland are presently found within the Salt Ponds, the majority of which are salt marsh. Open marshes are important hunting ground for migrating birds of prey. Transitional wetlands are found in the Salt Ponds area and around the perimeter of the golf course. Buttonwoods are found in small clusters adjacent. • Due to their approximate location to the tidal ponds, transitional wetlands flood during higher tides experienced during the fall and spring seasons. At such times they serve as valuable feeding habitat for a variety of wading birds as water depth in the tidal ponds forces them to move into the transition zone. Functioning with similar ecological attributes as the mangrove community, transitional wetlands serve as a vital food supply for aquatic species, a natural water purification filter, and a stabilizer of fluvial sediment. Between mangrove fringe and upland hammock is an intertidal zone that is submerged during highest tides. This littoral region is characterized by salt marsh and buttonwood wetlands. • Open marshes are important hunting grounds for migrating birds of prey and wading birds. Marsh grasses help maintain water quality by filtering sediments and runoff from land. Plant material is was4ed away contributing to the food chain. Transitional wetlands are found in the Salt fonds area and around the perimeter of the golf course.' • Tropical Hardwood Hammocks. Tropical hardwood hammocks are a climax community found on higher elevations than the transitional wetlands and the mangrove communities. Hardwood trees that have a canopy reaching heights of twenty to thirty feet dominate this community. Once found throughout the City of Key West, only two naturally occurring tropical hardwood hammocks presently exist within the Salt Pond system. One of the hammocks is located on 3.5 acres adjacent to Riviera Canal and lies within the Little Hamaca City Park, the other site is located in a much smaller cluster (.3 acres) alone the South 24 Roosevelt Boulevard to the south of the airport. • Representing a mesic hardwood community, tropical hardwood hammocks in the Salt Ponds contain dominant tree species that include thatch palms, gumbo -limbo, poisonwood, and other tropical hardwoods. Other vegetation common to upland habitats is also found within the tropical hardwoods. • On NW Stock Island (outside the limits of Key West), the area around the Botanical Garden merits special protection. Isolated native trees remain on the western edge of the Key West golf course, around Bayshore Manor and in parking areas west of Monroe County office buildings. A hammock of about 1/2-acre at the NE corner of U.S. 1 and Jr. College Road contains about 15 very rare Yellowheart trees (Zanthoxylum Bavum). The NW Stock Island hammocks are the only home of the endangered Stock Island tree snail (Orthalicus feces). Snails live in large hammock trees, especially Jamaica dogwood, and lay their eggs in soil around the base. Near the County buildings, vehicle parking and the accumulation of refuse around the base of trees make reproduction difficult. Dumpsters attract rodents that prey on the snails. Threats to tree snail habitat include maintenance techniques employed by golf course personnel and continued loss to development. • Plant (Flora) Species of the Salt Ponds. A diverse variety of plant species are found within the Salt Ponds due to the presence of several vegetative communities. The Key West Salt Ponds Study includes a field inventory of plant species that were identified by members of the local Chapter of the Audubon Society. Plants identified within the wetland communities -- mangrove communities, transitional wetlands, and tidal ponds -- are listed in the Conservation Element appendices of the Key West Comprehensive Plan, 1993. • Animal (Fauna) Species of the Salt Ponds. Numerous bird, fish, mammal, and reptile and amphibian species use the Salt Ponds for habitat in which to feed, breed, and nest. Both migratory and nonmigratory wildlife commonly occur within the Salt Ponds. • Situated in the migratory path of many bird species, Key West is an important resting area for thousands of birds migrating with the seasons. For bird species that migrate to or from the Caribbean and South America, Key West provides an important location to rest and to gather food and water before and after long journeys across open water. Some birds terminate their journey in Key West, using the Salt Ponds for habitat for the duration of a season. Ndnmigratory bird species also find habitat in the Salt Pon- ds, relying on the natural area for breeding, nesting, and feeding. A list of bird species that occur in the Salt Polids system is presented in the Conservation Element appendices of the Key West Comprehensive Plan, 1993. • Though mammals, reptiles, and amphibian wildlife may be prey for some of the bird species, fish species living in the Salt Ponds, they probably comprise the most important element of their diet. Fish known to occur within the Salt Ponds System are identified in the Conservation Element appendices of the Key West Comprehensive Plan, 1993. Although �- mammals utilize the Salt Pond area for habitat, the species are not as diverse as that of birds, 25 `Wl which are the most dominating species in this area. Mammals using the Salt Ponds for habitat are generally restricted to the raccoon. • Natural Areas Outside the Salt Ponds. Although most of Key West's natural areas are located within the Salt Ponds system, other natural areas are located primarily in small clusters or along shoreline areas. • Vegetative Communities and Wildlife Habitats • Mangrove Communities. Outside the Salt Ponds area, mangroves occupy the largest area within the City of Key West. Commonly found bordering shoreline and canal areas on the north side of Key West and Stock Islands, mangroves prevent shoreline erosion by reducing wave energy impacts and stabilizing soils. Although more common in northern areas of Key West, mangroves are also located in non -tidal remnants of the Salt Ponds located between Atlantic Blvd. and the Atlantic Ocean. • Wildlife and vegetation indigenous to mangrove communities within the Salt Ponds system, as discussed above, will also occur in mangroves in other areas of the City. Birds depending on mangrove habitats for survival will travel between the Salt Ponds, mangrove communities, and freshwater areas located throughout Key West. • Specimen and Historically Significant Trees. Naturally occurring, hardwood trees are present outside the Salt Ponds system throughout the City of Key West but occur more frequently in upland areas located in the highest elevations of the island. Since these trees are usually scattered throughout the City on private property, the City and the Audubon Society have not been able to identify the extent, condition, or location of these specimen trees. The area of Peary Court contains numerous specimen quality trees, including Manilla tamarinds, West Indian Mahogany, Cebia pentandra, and others. Specimen trees identified within Key West include the Lignum Vitae and the Yellow Heart. The Lignum Vitae tree considered to be the second hardest wood in North America was commercially removed from the island many years ago, as were most of the other specimen hardwoods. Some trees predate development on Key West. • Natural Shorelines, Rock Outcrops and Beaches. A large portion of Key West's natural shoreline along the Atlantic Ocean has been replaced by protective seawalls or has been developed into beach areas for recreational use. Originally created from limestone (oolite) outcrops, Key West's natural shorelines occur in small outcrops found dispersed along the southern shore of the key. Dominant wildlife found in areas of these shorelines are fish, crustaceans, habitat for wading birds, shore birds, and birds of prey. Due to its productive inter -tidal and shallow water community, Rest Beach is especially notable for wading bird �- and shore bird habitat. In 1989, endangered Loggerhead turtles nested on the Navy's Patio 26 Beach and attempted nesting on Smathers Beach, both artificial sand beaches. Background lighting, human use and beach cleaning equipment make successful turtle nesting difficult and discourage bird use. • Living Marine Resources. Marine habitats serve an important ecological function for Key West's environment. Coral reefs located in waters near the City of Key West reduce wave impacts experienced during storm events, while Seagrass beds surrounding Key West and Stock Island stabilize the coastal floor and reduce wave impacts that could otherwise create beach erosion problems. Seagrass beds and coral reefs also provide habitat and feeding grounds for hundreds of fish and invertebrates. • Coral Reefs. Coral reefs are created from colonies of very small organisms that produce protective exo-skeletons from calcareous materials produced from calcium and carbonate ions that they remove from saltwater. Coral polyps live in these naturally formed chambers. Upon the death of a polyp, a new polyp grows on the skeletal remains, which can withstand time exceeding hundreds of years. Millions of coral polyps together with skeletal remains existing for thousands of years create a coral reef. Though coral reefs have been in existence for millions of years, they are a highly delicate marine resource that have an extremely slow rate of growth, typically two to three inches per year for elkhorn and staghorn coral but less for larger subspecies. Coral reefs are often referred to as "living" or "dead" communities. Those that no longer produce polyps are considered to be dead. Reefs commonly develop in elongated rows referred to as tracts. 4v.. • Two types of coral reefs contribute to the Key West aquatic environment: the patch reef and the outer reefs. Located within one to four miles of the shoreline, the patch reefs are found in depths of less than 30 feet. Aquatic wildlife and plants indigenous to patch coral include corals, crustaceans, echinoderms, sponges, and marine algae. • The outer reefs referred to as bank reefs are located seaward of the patch reef and along the shallow waters adjacent to the coastal shelf. Aquatic life common to outer reefs include elkhorn, staghorn, clubbed finger, lettuce, and pillar coral. Plant life includes various marine algae, brittle stars, and coralline algae, among a plethora of other species. • Information on locations of patch reef in the vicinity of Key West has not been inventoried by any State agencies or local conservation organizations. However, six other reefs, all living, are located within a few miles of Key: West's shoreline or shoals in tracts that parallel Key West within a few miles from its Atlantic shores; these include: • Western Dry Rocks Reef • Western Sambo Reef • Sand Key Reef • Pelican Shoal Reef • Eastern Dry Rocks Reef • Rock Key Reef 27 • Seagrass Beds. Both Key West and Stock Island are surrounded by dense Seagrass beds, except for areas where dredging has occurred, such as channels and bights and natural hard bottom areas where Seagrass is sparse. Seagrass is also found within the Salt Ponds system, as discussed earlier. Covering more area than any other vegetative or aquatic community within Key West's environmental vicinity, this aquatic ecosystem provides an abundance of food and habitat for a vast number of commercially and recreationally important fish and invertebrates. Sea turtles and the West Indian Manatee rely on Seagrass to supply most of their nourishment needs. • Another important function Seagrass provides is the stabilization of sand and mud that are susceptible to erosion from shore currents or wave surge. • Inter -tidal and submerged Seagrass are essential nursery areas for marine life and form the basis of the food chain in the Keys. Seagrasses are vulnerable to pollution from sewage disposal systems and runoff from land. Prop dredging by boats operating in very shallow water destroys Seagrass beds and makes them vulnerable to destabilization in storms. Seagrass habitats on Cow Key Channel and shallow banks around Key West are showing increased scarring from boating activity. • Endangered Species Identified in Key West. A representative of the local chapter of the Audubon Society has assisted in preparing a list of endangered species that occur on either a common or infrequent basis in Key West. • The West Indian Manatee often uses Seagrass beds surrounding Key West for grazing, though they usually prefer more protected waters found within the upper Keys. According to the Florida Marine Institute, Florida Department of Natural Resources, which maintains records of manatee deaths throughout their habitat range within Florida, no manatee deaths have been recorded within the waters off Key West. Records or estimates are not available on the number of injuries sustained from boating activities in Key West. Though the manatee does not occur as frequently in Key West coastal areas as they do in the upper Keys, the City should consider appropriate measures to protect Seagrass beds and to prevent injury or death resulting from development in coastal waters or from boating activities. • Wetlands. In general, wetlands are areas in which the water table is near or above the surface except during extended dry periods. Wetlands contain prevalence of vegetation adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Characterized by very poorly drained, level, organic and marl soils, wetlands usually are found immediately adjacent to natural waterways and lakes, and in low lying land depressions. Wetlands represent an important ecological component of nature due to their diverse biological functions. These functions include: • Food chain production and general habitat and nesting, spawning, rearing, and resting sites for aquatic or land species, including migrating bird species that pass through Key West. • Storage areas for storm and floodwaters, and natural water purification filters. 28 • Due to these important functions, destruction or alteration of wetlands has long-lasting detrimental affects on natural drainage characteristics, ground and surface water quality, flora and fauna diversity, propagation, and soil conservation efforts. • Tidal wetlands found within Key West are primarily located within the Salt Ponds or along low-lying coastal areas on the north side of Key West Island, North Stock Island, Sigsbee Island, and Fleming Key. Wetlands located in the Salt Ponds consist primarily of mangroves bordering the ponds and salt marshes. • Seasonally fresh or non -tidal wetlands are present on Atlantic Beach, at Key West Towers and on the Golf Course. • Coastal Wildlife Habitats. Major habitats present on and around Key West are hardwood hammock, non -tidal freshwater wetlands, transitional wetlands (including salt marsh and buttonwoods), mangroves, natural shorelines, Seagrass beds and coral reef communities. Historic/Cultural/Archeological Resources: According to the Historic Preservation Planner for Key West, the city has a total of 2,580 historically designated structures/sites including the Key West Historic "Old Town" District. This list is far too extensive to be listed here. The information is cataloged in the City of Key West Historic Architectural Building Survey (HABS) maintained by the City's Historic Preservation Planner. In addition to these locally designated properties, the following locations have been provided by the Historic Florida Keys Foundation, Inc. as sites in the Key West area that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: National Register Sites: • Fort Jefferson National Monument, Dry Tortugas • Fort Zachary Taylor, Key West • Gato, Eduardo H. House, 1209 Virginia Street, Key West • Hemingway Ernest, House, 907 Whitehead Street, Key West • Key West Historic District • Little White House (Quarters A), Naval Station, Key West • Martello Tower -Key West Art and Historical Museum • Old Post Office and Custom House, Front Street, Key West • Porter, Dr. Joseph Young Y., House, Key West • Sand Key Lighthouse • Schooner, Western Union, Key West • The Armory, 600 White Street, Key West • Thompson Fish House, Turtle Cannery and Kraals, Key West • U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, Key West • United States Naval Station, Key West `... • West Martello Tower, Key West 29 The "Hurricane Preparation and Recovery Guide for Properties, in the Key West Historic Districts, 1996", includes this information about historic buildings in Key West: "Many buildings in Key West already have a number of features that may help them to weather a hurricanes. First, historic structures were generally build according to conservative standards that ensured durability and strength. Most post -and -beam construction, in particular, would now be considered `overbuilt'. In addition, strong materials such as old -growth Southern yellow pine, brick, and stone were used, Moreover, some designs serve to protect buildings further, such as a simple rectangular massing and hip roofs. Finally, almost all historic buildings in Key West have been equipped with shutters." Other Areas of Concern or Special Interest: Its combination of fascinating history and beautiful tropical climate and surroundings make Key West a very unique locale. It is one of the most popular vacation destinations in the United States. Hurricane planning in Key West is extremely important. Everything must be done to preserve and maintain historic properties and make improvements in the city that will mitigate or prevent damage from severe weather. This is a difficult challenge. However, government officials, private and non-profit agencies, and the general public are taking steps to address the need. Among these are the special Hurricane Preparedness and Recovery Brochure developed for historic properties, the many drainage and storm water improvement projects on-line for the City, and implementation of hurricane related transportation and traffic circulation policies improvements which expedite evacuation. Also, since Hurricane Georges in 1998, the public now seems bettered informed and ready to prepare for storms. And additional public education efforts are planned. I `.. ATTACHMENTS FOR CITY OF KEY WEST VULNERABILITY PROFILE 1. Map of the National Register District from the 1993 Key West Comprehensive Plan. 2. Key West Engineering Department's Disaster Response Planning Questionnaire 3. Key West Offshore Configuration Map (Source is "Cruising Guide to the Florida Keys", 1998, Captain Frank Papy, Bluffton, SC) 4. City of Key West Drainage Investigation Map With Flooding Locations 5. Map of Coastal High Hazard Area from 1993 Key West Comprehensive Plan 6. Photos of Hurricane Georges High Water Marks (Source as shown on photographs is Sea Systems Corporation for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District.) 7. Map of Hurricane Donna High Water Marks (Source is the National Hurricane Center, Miami, FL) 8. Real Time Map of Hurricane Georges Events (Source is Monroe County Emergency Management.) 9. City of Key West Critical Facilities Map 31 DISASTER RESPONSE PLANNING OUESTIONAIRE Cl 23 PEOPLE DID F,VACU7E THE KEYS ❑ 83 PEOPLE DID NOT F.VACU7'L•' THE KEYS ❑ 57 PI;OPLESTAYED HOME. ❑ 19 PF( )PLI: WENT 7-0 FRIF.ND.S D 7 PEOPLE WENT TO .SHELTCIZ4 U 83PEOPLESTAYF,DINKL•YWEST WHEN ASKED "WHA1' CATEGORY WOULD YOU EVACUATE KEYS" Cl 21 PEOPLE SAID 3 OR LESS ❑ 26 SAID A CATORUY 4 ❑ 16 SAID A CATORCY S WNF.NAS'KED " 11114AT CATEGORY WOULD YOU L'VACU"I E; KEY WEST" 0 40 PEOPLE SAID 3 OR LESS U 21 SAID A CATEGORY 4 ❑ 16 SAID A C'ATEGORY5 DID YOUR HOME FLOOD DURING HURRICANE GFORGES u Y L S-47 ❑ NO-5l 110W DEEP WAS THE WATER INSIDE THE. FIRST FLOOR? l] 0'-1 '-17 HOMES 0 1 '-2'- -14 HOMEY Cl 2 '-S '-11 IIOML:S 2 HOW LONG DTD WATER ST,1YPOOLF1) ON YOUR PROPER"IYI U I DAY-15 HOAfF..S' ❑ 2 DAYS 20 ITOME.S ❑ 3 &AYS--26 HOMES ❑ 4 DAYS 7 HOA-!GS ❑ S DAYS --2 HOMES DOFS YOUR PROPERTY FLOol) IN HEAVY RAINS? ❑ 3 "--13 U S "---16 ❑ 8 "---6 ❑ 10 "---3 ❑ 27"---3 HOW FREQUENT HAS THE FLOODING BEEN u EVERY YEAR-44 PROPERTYS ❑ PAST TEN YFARS--54 PROPERTY.S ❑ PAST 25 YEARS=19 PROPERTY.? U 170I AL COST OF DAMAGE TO COMEM S CAUSED BY GEORGE-- $344,150.00 ❑ TOTAL COSTOF DAMAGE TO HOUSE CAUSED BY GEORGES----S420, 010.00 U TOTAL COSTOF DAMAGE TO YARD CAUSED BYGF.ORGES-------S179,735.00 ❑ TOTAL COST OI''DAMAGE TO VECHIT,F.S CAUSED BYGEORCTES--S177,100.00 `. 3 U "TOTAL COST OF LA .ST !0 YLAR DAMAGE CAUSED BY NON-GEORGES FLOODING OR RAIN F,VF.NIS--$242,800.00 a TOTAI, OF HOMES 13UILT IN THE 2Os— 1, 3Us-1, 4Us-6, 60s 15, 70s-8, 80s,- 2, 90s-5 lJ NUA-IDER OF HOMES Bi1II.T OF WOOD-14 U NUMBER OF HOMES RUII,T OF CONCRE7E BLOCK-72 ❑ TOTAL OF HOMES WTI7I WINDOW SHUTTERS -75 ❑ TOTAL OF HOMES WITH DOOR SHUT T ERS--52 u TOTAL OF HOME-MADE SHUTTERS-17 ❑ TOTAL OF COMMERCIAL SII U77ERS-48 Y THE FOLLOWING TOTALS. TAKEN FROM THE BACK OF THE QUESTIONAIRE, WERE ANSEWL:RU BY ONLY-52 PROPERTY OWNERS • 1101AL COST OF WIND DAMAGE, CAUSED DYGEORGLS--$254,700.00 • TOTAL COST OF WIND DAMAGE/PAST 10 YF41Z,3--S56; 735.OU LW r4076 44 f - , Nil U • A A, '*�=� ?:� 1i -: •4./�•� :.i: .. �1; �w .��'--''' _M Hurricane Geor i!,es — Florida Keys, September- 1998 =, t a Fa6 - P _ High Water Mark Number: High Water Mark Elevation: (feet.. NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): 1 t Longitude (NAD 83): 81 i7*15? 9" Taken By: Sea Systems Corporation Date Taken: S-o-et nicer 1998 High Water Mark Type: %uori., Surge or Still: Surge USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Spey West, Florida Nearest Town: !:-� `�'�~� 5 ,. tc. Heal -Pt c:i a;ong debris iine at large coral r )*k.5 US Army Corps of Engineers South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation - Project Number i)8-2603 S Key VV, ; '„ K,,., ;., ti nnngo to F()rt M""' , Iirn(ja - Survey IH2 C,oniract Number I)ACW 17-tiR4)0004 HUrricane GeOr ;es — Ij (c)i•ida he`,s, September 1998 s• l rj� �`\ r� III ' •- 1 _`: d f ./ / ,. \�+. � L U I: 5 Y 1` f 4 ` _ ;;�% #E High Water Mark Number: High Water Mark Elevation: (feet, NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): Longitude (NAD 83): Taken By: Date Taken: High Water Mark Type: Surge or Still: USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: ='_ev West. F1= " : Nearest Town: 1+act Address: t i h 0 "'tJ:li j05 rvi ttt Remarks: - US IArmy Corps of Engineers { �• it _ _ _ -- .. - �1( {IulEIIyVI °4 � South Florida High Water Marks -Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation I.,1111,1 a1: it rt M'; Ii r South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation Pr,leCi Numbpr 98 2603 5 ,:.., ,,..� •„ ,� ; rr.in i i w, , rl "I1; [1, 1 1 rI,1-, I ,nlrit;t rdun,hNr I)A, W t r =fH-i) 00i.)4 N%W - South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation ?OIrx.t Num0er )8 �80:3 5 Kyy I anti;. 1 t�)nda K 1 i;imingo ;rt Vlyr-r Hurricane Georges — Florida Keys, September 1998 y#F Q 1 y � T 4� f !. >k a 4 High Water Mark Number: #5 High Water Mark Elevation: 5.4 (feet, NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): 24 33` 11.9" Longitude (NAD 83): 81 45'05Z' Taken By: Sea Systems Corporation Date Taken: '30 September 1998 High Water Mark Type: Debris Line Surge or Still: Surge USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Key West, Florida Nearest Town: Key West, Florida Address: 3675 South Roosevelt Boulevard Remarks: 60d spike/washer flush �,Ajiground along debris line between motel office and first cabin ;vest (41307). Set spike 1-5 ft north of light pole at cabin #307. h " 11kii ._ South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation - Project Number 98-2603-S Key West to Key Largo. Florida & Flamingo to Fort Myers. Florida - Survey 98-282 Contract Number DACW 17-98-D 0004 Hurricane Georges — Florida Kees, September 1998 LT • T` 11 Y w� "��..-.�,�; a K,,_• y y --�.. 1 me. \I t High Water Mark Number: Taken By: High Water Mark Elevation: Date Taken: (feet, NGVD) High Water Mark Type: Latitude (NAD 83): 1 Surge or Still: Longitude (NAD 83): I 1 i USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: li jNearest Town: Address: Remarks: US Army Corps of Engineers I i i I 16" I I:I; South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation q I tluint»r i '� Hurricane Georges — Florida keys, September 1998 CM k 7t f }f�t{f: t 4 _ itr t t}}i� i E�tkii� � �a f f � � t fit{ t.♦ .•�.il.�� `iiff '�c ,��! t( �•t�S�i-:tktt t•� _; �y�S�S ..1 { � R � !; $�•'1 � t �� High Water Mark Number: High Water Mark Elevation: 54 (feet, NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): 2-1 3 "U"2 ' Longitude (NAD 83): 81 46': 7.7" Taken By: 'yea Systems Corporation Date Taken: _ ct o b e r High Water Mark Type: Silt Elbe Surge or Still: USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: !:ey West. Florida Nearest Town: -' ' ! Address: i itIantic B:;:.� -�rd Remarks: Jark•er at h gh mark. --)n exterior wall of condos on SE JAH,inttt: !"✓ '; "i::.I 1J��3r1< -," 1i1 northerly side of condos on mird p US Army Corps of Engineers South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation - Project Number 98-2603-S Key West io Key Largo. Florida 8 Flamingo to Fort Myers. Florida - Survey 98-282 Contract Number DACW t' 98-D 0004 Hurricane Georges — Florida Kees, September 1998 t High Water Mark Number: - High Water Mark Elevation: (feet, NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): 24 3-4'40 Longitude (NAD 83): 81 39—i Taken By: o r P 0 r a 0 Date Taken: 09 = 71 High Water Mark Type: Surge or Still: - - USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Boca Chica Key, Florida Nearest Town: Dcean Shores. Florida Address: —in e Remarks: orth corner of house on block V Evident high vrqrer --irk US Army Cowin of Engineers -41 �' Al r LI1'� , I I' 1 3 A� e t .19 South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation - Project Number 98-2603-S Nesl to Key Largo. Florida & Flamingo to loit Myers. Honda -;,jrvpl -8 282 rilracl NurTID'ar DACW I ' 98 D-0004 �M- NORIIIIIIIII Hllrl'iCaHe (Teu1*4yeS — F IOri(Ia hey's, September 1998 .�►- .r- _ i ` t ;y_I Cep '-'� '-`' € t ijjtYrr�jy/t�Eel . _ � :"�'- „t, �. , "i �x�• i:�.� � vat : � t �'� ;� � �'�t. a @� �z' ?► .ry • r } i ii- T r i'�t �s y e , _ r High Water Mark Number: = . Taken By: High Water Mark Elevation: Date Taken: (feet, NGVD) High Water Mark Type: Latitude (NAD 83): _:. Surge or Still: Longitude (NAD 83): II 7. le Sheet: :�oc:a C:r.t..a Kay. ...;. 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Ste - --�H ` _ �-`: �� G� 1 GER 7 CA • [ -1 erSly� �,e KEY «none! • � • --_ , _ STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM R:DrJDADE'AATMCNr OFrRAN3!ORTAr'C.Y LOWER KEYS &"WON OF PUNNING AND FROGAAKS WNROE COUNT( as rrOcr sDr � � � � ' #§ !§ i§ 000P: cc Cc m 0 e Q&2o30 < 222 (ka§§§ 2 ®:%GGS »m;000 \ 2)�};; u 9A / eg2eg@ ¥ �§¢ Q§$((- !zz! /k@�2G 2/§)k2 (3) MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY VULNERABILITY PROFILE CITY OF KEY COLON- BEACH Location: • The City of Key Colony Beach is located 4-proximately between Mile -Markers 53-54. Government: • Key Colony Beach is an incorporated municipality wkhin Monroe County. • The City has its own separate form of government. A Commission composed of 5 elected officials, including a mayor governs the City. It sets=overnment policy, such as through the Comprehensive Plan, and adopts ordinances estab Wishing various codes and standards. • Key Colony Beach is a well -planned community comprised of single family, duplex, and multi -family residences. These uses are served by limited commercial development including light retail, restaurants, office, and marina;. 8.2% of Key Colony Beach's land area is used for recreational purposes. Because of is land use mix and small size Key Colony Beach is very pedestrian oriented and e.\Txemely accessible to residents and visitors. • Like its fellow municipalities and the County, the City of Key Colony Beach participates in programs dealing with Critical State Concern, Food Management, and the Permit Allocation System. • The City of Key .Colony Beach has adopted numeroLL addenda to the Standard Building Code, which directly relate to storm damage rnitigatioa. especially due to high winds (155 mph), and wave action and flooding. These addenda are revised and/or strengthened annually. Key Colony Beach, like other communities in Monroe County, will be subject to the State Uniform Construction Code when implemented. • The City of Key Colony Beach has code enforcement official, a code enforcement board, a code enforcement board coordinator, and a City Commission that strictly enforces all phases of code compliance. Population: • According to the City, the current census figure for Ke% Colony Beach is 1,059 permanent full-time residents. • Information provided by the Monroe County Planning Department shows the 1999 permanent resident population as 1,080, with a -_;�asonal population of 1,606, for a "functional population" (total of permanent and seasonal populations) of 2,686. • County Planning Department population projections for the year 2,009 are 1,180 permanent population and 1,751 seasonal population Tor a total "functional population" of 398. Special Needs Population • According to figures provided by Monroe County Social Services the area t--om Mile - Marker 53 to Mile -Marker 56 had a of July 14, 1999, 23 people registered for social need hurricane assistance. Behavioral Response: • According to City Officials, 80% of all occupants in Key Colony Beach evacuated for Hurricane Georges. • The evacuation participation indicated for Hurricane Georges is above the figl::es for the Middle Keys indicated in the "Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacua::on Study 1993,1990". This survey showed an anticipated evacuation of 65% in the Mikidle Keys for a Category 2 storm and a level of 76% for a Category 3. • The City of Key Colony Beach advises it important to note that 50% of those -:who "rode out" Hurricane George stated they will definitely evacuate the next time. Ho\; giver, 50% of those who evacuated stated they would stay the next time due to the problem; returning to the Keys following Georges ("four day delay due to blockades by the Monr,-.e County Sheriff s Office"). Geography/Topography/Bathymetry (Map): • The City of Key Colony Beach is located in the Middle Keys, north of the unin:orporated area referred to as Marathon. • Key Colony Beach is a man-made community, built in 1957, consisting of 285 tyres. • Its land use mix includes primarily single family residences, many of which are :ocated on canals or waterways, and small local businesses, such as restaurants and ec avenience stores. • The City of Key Colony Beach is a manmade island community. The entire s-luth shore faces the Atlantic Ocean. The west shoreline faces Vaca Cut, which connects he Ocean and the Gulf. The remainder of the island is composed of dead-end cana 1- and free flowing bays and channels. • A map showing the offshore configuration (bathymetry) surrounding Key Colony Beach is attached. Bear in mind that shallow waters may contribute to storm surge hei?ht. Also, coves and inlets can be areas where floodwaters back-up and storm surge ma% be higher than along flat shorelines. Flood Vulnerability: • The entire City of Key Colony Beach is located in the "Coastal High Hazard A -ea" which would be affected by even a Category 1 Storm. • As shown on the FIRM maps, much of the City falls into the VE Zones (coastal food with velocity hazard wave action). 4 • According to the Key Colony Beach Comprehensive Plan, "the island's vacant land has flat terrain averaging 4-7 feet above mean seal level". • During Hurricane Georges (September 25. 1998) documented oceanfront storm surge exceeded six feet over normal high tide. • All city streets and almost all properties were flooded by storm surge. Approximately 125 ground level dwelling units received flood damage. • Flood and wind damage is dictated by a hurricane's path. According to the City, southerly winds are much more destructive than northerly winds in Key Colony Beach. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and Community Rating System (CRS): • The City of Key Colony Beach participates in the National Flood Insurance Program and has a rating of 8 in the Community Rating System. This provides a 10% flood insurance discount to property owners/residents. • Fifty percent of the city was developed prior to FEMA flood regulations in 1975. Repetitive Loss Properties: • The City of Key Colony Beach has no records of substantial damage or repetitive loss prior to Hurricane Georges. To date there are still no substantial damage or repetitive loss locations reported or observed in the city. • According to the Monroe County Flood Plain Manager, Key Colony Beach has no repetitive loss properties as defined by FEMA. Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM's): All areas in Layton are subject to storm surge flooding. According to the National Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM's) areas in Key Colony Beach range from VE Zones (coastal flood with velocity hazard wave action) of 11-13 feet to AE Zones (areas subject to flooding but not ware action) of 10-6 feet, with mostly Zone AE 7 and 8. The numbers represent "base flood elevations". This means that in order to be safe from a "100 year" flood event (1 % chance per year of flooding) properties in these locations must have first floor elevations at or above the designated number values. As noted earlier, natural elevations in Key Colony Beach average from 4-7'. SPLASH Model • An early model developed to determine storm surge values was called SPLASH (Special Program to List Amplitude of Surges from Hurricanes). This methodology was designed to calculate the height and duration of open coastline storm surge heights created by an approaching and land -falling storm. However, unlike its successor the SLOSH model. it assumed a generalized smooth coastline and does not consider the amplification of surge by a bay or estuary. The SPLASH values are provided as a standard of reference for the FIRM ratings and �.. SLOSH values. The information is delineated in "time history points". These show the maximum surge height, by category of storm, that a selected location will receive. The time history point for Key Colony Beach is located on the Oceanside and depicts the following: Projected Surge Cat 2 Projected Surge Cat 3 Projected Surge Cat 5 6 feet 7 feet 10 feet SLOSH Model: • As explained earlier, in the Vulnerability Assessment, after the SPLASH model, a surge modeling technique was developed called the SLOSH (Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) model. The SLOSH model added the ability to estimate the inland distribution of flooding to determine areas that may need to be evacuated. The margin of error associated with the SLOSH model is + or — 20%. The SLOSH model may be used to determine the MOM's (Maximum of Maximums) which are the worst case situations for each Hurricane Category taking into account all possible hurricane tracks. Closest Maximum of Maximums Values (MOM's) (worst case scenarios): ,,.. • The closest available MOM's for Key Colony Beach are those determined for Marathon Mile -Marker 50 and Duck Key Mile -Marker 61. (The Director of Monroe County Emergency Management provided the information.) Maximum of Maximums (MOM's) for Marathon Mile -Marker 50, Ocean Side Category Track Directions 1 2 3 4 5 WSW 4 5 6 7 8 W 4 5 7 8 9 WNW 4 6 7 8 9 NW 4 6 7 8 9 NNW 4 5 7 8 9 N 4 5 7 8 9 NNE 4 5 6 7 9 NE 4 5 6 7 8 ENE 3 5 6 7 8 E 3 4 5 6 7 n N Maximum of Maximums (MOM's) for Duck Key Mile -Marker 61, Ocean Side Category Track Directions 1 2 3 4 5 WSW 4 5 6 7 8 W 4 5 7 8 9 WNW 4 6 7 9 10 NW 4 5 7 8 10 NNW 4 5 7 8 9 N 4 5 6 8 9 NNE 4 5 6 8 9 NE 4 5 6 7 9 ENE 3 5 6 7 8 E 3 4 5 6 8 High Water Marks: • High Water Marks were determined for Hurricane Georges (1998, Cat. 2) and Hurricane Donna (1960, Cat. 4) through the auspices of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The high water mark locations closest to Key Colony Beach for each storm are shown below. *Reference Location Water Mark # Value (NGVD) Key Colony Beach 1001 West Ocean Way 34 6.0' Key Colony Beach 1001 West Ocean Way 79 6.3' Marathon, 2000 Sombrero Beach Road 23 5.0' Grassy Key Mile -Marker 58.5 24 6. F Grassy Key Mile -Marker 57.5 31 6. 1, Marathon Sombero 32 5.7' Beach Road Marathon Shores Corner of 82"d St. and US 1 33 6ff Coco Plum, 69 Ave. C 35 6.6' Coco P1um4109 Coco 80 6.4' Plum Drive *Reference locations are approximate. E Photos of high water mark locations for Hurricane Georges are attached. Reference Location Value (NGVD) Bay side Key Colony Beach, Mile -Marker 53.5 7.96' Ocean side Grassy Key, Mile -Marker 57 5.47' Ocean side Vaca Key, Mile -Marker 53 8.78' Bay side Vaca Key Mile -Marker 53 9.48' Bay side Boot Key Mile -Marker 49 8.02' Ocean side Marathon Mile -Marker 50 8.34' *Reference locations are approximate. A map depicting high water marks for Hurricane Donna is attached. Severe Weather History: • Information indicates that Key Colony Beach has experienced a significant tornado in June 1972 as a result of Hurricane Agnes. The storm was rated F-0 on the Fujita Scale and did not cause any deaths or injuries but resulted in $10,000 in damage. Also, nearby Marathon had an F-1 tornado associated with Hurricane Betsy in 1965 and an F-0 tornado in 1995. Also, Grassy Key (MM 58) north of the City, was hit by an F-1 tornado on May 22, 1997 that caused over S 150,000 of damage and F-0 and F-1 tornadoes during the Ground Hog's Day Storm, February 2, 1998, which also caused extensive and costly damage. • According to the City, since the birth of Key Colony Beach in 1957, only two major storms Hurricane Donna in 1960 and Hurricane Georges in 1998 have seriously affected the island. It is noted that several other hurricanes and storms including, Hurricane Betsy in 1965, have affected Key Colony Beach to a lesser degree. Hurricane Donna, which caused many problems in Key Colony Beach, is among the most deadliest, costliest, and intense hurricanes occurring in the US from 1900-1992. Historic photographs of Donna's harmful effects are displayed in the Key Colony Beach City Hall. • Hurricane Donna, 1960 (Duration, August 29-September 19) — Hurricane Donna curved northwestward over the Middle Keys near Long Key/Layton and then went north toward the Naples and Fort Myers on the Florida West Coast. Areas in the vicinity of the storm experienced wind speeds of 128 mph and a central pressure of 28.44 inches. Tide levels were reported at Upper Matecumbe Key of 13.5 feet above MSL, at Plantation Key 10+ feet above MSL, and 8.9 feet above MSL in Key Largo. As of 1992 Hurricane Donna, a Category 4 storm is listed as the 61h most intense hurricane in the US. A "Historical Pictorial" about Hurricane Donna is attached. • Hurricane Betsy, 1965 (Duration, August 26-Septmber 12) — Hurricane Betsy %W passed over Marathon while moving westward into the Gulf of Mexico. The n lowest central pressure was measured in Ta%ernier at 28.12 inches and wind speeds were estimated to be 120 mph. Tide levels in Tavernier were 7.7 feet above MSL and Key Largo had tide levels of around 9 feet above MSL. Betsy was a Category 3 storm and is ranked 25 h in intensity. • More recently Key Colony experienced the effects of Hurricane Georges, which made landfall in the Lower Keys on September 25, 1998. Detailed information about this event is provided in the Vulnerability Assessment of the Local Mitigation Strategy. Hurricane Georges Real Time Information: • During Hurricane Georges the Monroe County Emergency Management Director maintained a map of events as they occurred. North of Key Colony Beach at Mile - Marker 70, on Long Key, it was noted that immediately after the storm, road crews were clearing US 1 and it was impassable for civilian vehicles. In addition, power outages were identified in this area and a plastic debris line was noticeable on the ocean side of US 1. A segment of the Real -Time Monroe County Map depicting this is attached. Damage: The City of Key Colony Beach provided the following Hurricane Georges Damage Assessment: Physical Public: A. Debris Removal - $300,000 B. City Parks and Streets - $7,900 (Replace Park Equipment and Street Signaae) C. Waterways - $8,300 (Debris Removal and Replace Buoys) D. Emergency Labor and Supplies - $4,500 E. Structural Engineer - $16,300 F. Manning of EOC and Search and Rescue - S4,100 G. Waste Water Treatment System Repairs - 531,400 H. Storm Water System Repair - $36,000 Private: A. Non -City Private Property Damage - $4,350.000 minimum (wind and flood) B. Approximately 10% of all private residences received flood damage (grandfathered grade level structures). C. Fiberglass roof shingles and concrete tile roofs received approximately 5% wind damage. D. 4% of all structures received more significant flood, wave, and wind damage. 7 (The items above were all determined by the City of Key Colony Beach and its subcontractors.) Economic Damage A. All businesses were closed or severely restricted from operating due to structural damage and power outages. As of February 1999 several businesses were still repairing and rebuilding. B. Citywide evacuation during Georges was 80%. C Businesses related to tourism were most affected by Georges. Critical Facilities Infrastructure • Key Colony Beach City Hall-Police/Auditorium/Post Office Complex • Wastewater Treatment Plant and System • Stormwater System • Public Works Building Other Important Facilities • Public Golf Courses • Public Tennis Courts • City Parks and Playground Shelters/Ref ages/Staging Areas: • Key Colony Beach City Hall, MM 53.5 is designated by Monroe County as an official staging area for the Middle Keys. Hazardous Materials Sites: • According to the Monroe County List of Section 302 Facilities (updated) there is one location in Key Colony Beach, the Wastewater Treatment Plant. Chlorine and Sulfuric Acid are the substances identified as being at that facility. • There are no Monroe County Section 302 (federal standards) facilities listed for the City of Key Colony Beach. Mobile Homes: • According to the Monroe County List of Mobile/RV Parks (October 1995), the closest mobile home facility is Gulfview Trailer Park listed as located on 1241h Street, Gulf side, MM 53.5. It is not within the city limits of Key Colony Beach. 8 Marinas: There are two marinas shown on the Monroe County list between Mile -Markers 53.5-53.7, The Boat House, MM 53.5 Ocean side and Key Colony Beach Marina, MM 53.7, Ocean side. Environmental ResourcesNegetation: According to the City's Comprehensive Plan, "there are three principles or categories here: 1) some bayfront wetland vegetation preserved via deed restriction at the end of 13`h Street, 2) the mangroves along the canals and bays, and 3) the oceanfront beach system." Otherwise, the City has no substantial native or natural landscape buffers, as Key Colony Beach was manmade in the 1950's. Historic/Cultural/Archeological Resources: There are no locally designated historic, cultural, or archaeological resources or National Register Properties located within the City of Key Colony Beach. Other Areas of Concern or Special Interest: The City of Key Colony Beach's south shore is a clean, sandy, ocean beachfront. Turtle nesting is a documented and annual event. Other areas of city waterfront are the home of mangrove trees, which nourish marine and bird life. 0j ATTACHMENTS FOR CITY OF KEY COLONY BEACH VULNERABILITY PROFILE 1. Offshore Configuration Map (Source is "Cruising Guide to the Florida Keys", 1998, Captain Frank Papy, Bluffton, SC) 2. Photos of Hurricane Georges High Water Marks (Source as shown on photographs is Sea Systems Corporation for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District.) 3. Map of Hurricane Donna High Water Marks (Source is the National Hurricane Center. Miami, FL.) 4. Real Time Map of Hurricane Georges Events (Source is Monroe County EmergencN Management.) 5. "Historical Pictorial" Hurricane Donna IV Hurricane Greorges — Florida Keys, September 1998 R Ift- N High Water Mark Number: High Water Mark Elevation: (feet. NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): Longitude (NAD 83): Taken By: Date Taken: High Water Mark Type: Surge or Still: USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Aarathon. Nearest Town: ch. Flori'da Address: Remarks: ,-J e a a ra q, ;,-- at 1 .2 08 11'. 1 C tv US Army Corps of Engineers South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation Pr,)lPc1 Number Pi 203 S :i tit to K—j 1-.,ir(;o t lorida 4 I-laminflo lf; r rt M Florida t,ltjmh.-r 1-.-A(:W I.` W 1) 000-1 I% — 0-M Hurricane Georges — Florida Keys, September 1998 J. f X fivr V_ 0 V-- $1 A in fi JL A High Water Mark Number: High Water Mark Elevation: (feet. NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): Longitude (NAD 83): 81 01'21 9 A tA. Taken By: s o r Date Taken: r 1998 High Water Mark Type: Surge or Still: — - USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Marathon, Florida Nearest Town: Beach. Florida Address: Remarks: -,nte Christo Condos building ft soiltih -�f "2 South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges I Sea Systems Corporation Prqi4;1 Number *)8 1603 <, ,ilir-i(.i Numbi-f hAUWl ;7 #11 1) 0011-3 Hurricane GiFeorges — Florida Kegs, September 1998 .01 V) % -e tft I 2WO Pit '4� Tr;� ft High Water Mark Number: #-23 Taken By: -lea Corporator High Water Mark Elevation: Date Taken: 93 (feet, NGVD) High Water Mark Type: Latitude (NAD 83): 2 -3 Surge or Still: Longitude (NAD 83): ')1 04 S 2 USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Marathon. Florida Nearest Town: = -ach. Florida Address: rero "'.2-:, cad Remarks: Rhouse. House is 200 fit east of 'e n �);.)mbrern Rr?,'ich Rord US Army Corps of Engineers AIJ South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation i,r NtjnA)Hr,f8. 60,1 ti to.K-<, L if jo t jorida � to t-,)rt m1ract Nivvm-r IIACW h—W 1) 000-1 .4 Hurricane G'eorges — Florida Keys, September 1998 IP _7 High Water Mark Number: Taken By: High Water Mark Elevation: Date Taken: (feet, NGVD) High Water Mark Type: Latitude (NAD 83)- - Surge or Still: Longitude (NAD 83): LISGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Grassy lKey. Nearest Town: Address: Remarks: debr line along the S� US Ai )s of Engineers • South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation , .., ! " - I ; .I ,I : I., ff.;, , � 1 1 1 - r; dl '.I .-, . . r, I,, -,! " ., � , -�, , , , 1,!! ! I P j ! - f A HUrricane Greorges — Florida Keys, September 1998 USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: �ISSy Key, r,orida Nearest Town: Florida Address: a,. -;v(rni!e,Harker 57.5 Remarks: ;ide garage 1.,ehind -lose US Army Corps of Engineers Idf"I't I I Ify NEWT South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation nu i it ,ri, I i i w,,r r! %I f Hurricane Georges — Florida Keys, September 1998 t t � High Water Mark Number: High Water Mark Elevation: (feet, NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): 4-• 422 5cj C4 Longitude (NAD 83): 81 04'2 5- �', P Taken By: Sea Systerns Corporation Date Taken: 08 Octaber ' 998 High Water Mark Type: Siit Ling Surge or Still: USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Marathon, Florida Nearest Town: "-iorida Address:Ream Ra:3c; Remarks: NIar�er Mark :�xteri ;r `.'r._tli of apartment building 3K at East Wind -, +Calla ai-, <. 'south of US Higlivviy i behind. K-Mart. South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation - Project Number 98-2603-S Key West to Key Largo. 1=1omda 8 Flamingo to Fort Myers. Florida - Survey 98 282 Contract Number DACW 17 98-D-0004 Hurricane Gworges — Florida bees, September 1998 OR High Water Mark Number: High Water Mark Elevation (feet. NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): Longitude (NAD 83): Taken By: Date Taken: High Water Mark Type: Surge or Still: USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: `:'arathoi. Nearest Town: ? re °°:<<ida Address: IJi-z L =ghvj—y Remarks: SW exterior vial! o* Elks ? c! f i II I US Army Corps of Engineers South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation I'n)Iq;t Numbor 1)8 2603 5 K -; Y'i -st !o K-�-j i irrjo. i lnnda & I !atntnrl„ t,: � ,ri A4y:-r, F lorida 5urve, ,4 Ka mtr tI Numbor I'A' "411 t 7 98 11 000.1 I Hurricane Georges — Florida Keys, September 1998 V 2 High Water Mark Number: Taken By: High Water Mark Elevation: Date Taken: (feet, NGVD) High Water Mark Type: Latitude (NAD 83): Surge or Still: Longitude (NAD 83): USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: -:-Ida Nearest Town: Address: Remarks: 16- 1 US Army Corps of Engineers N. 6L .A I I IT I" I oil South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation 1,iio Nionhor W 21io:i if if 1 1; if, p r!,t .\j Wl,' '48. 1 Hurricane Georges — Florida Keys, September 1998 High Water Mark Number: #80 High Water Mark Elevation: 6.4 (feet, NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): 24 43'31.8" Longitude (NAD 83): 81 '00'34.0" Taken By: Sea Systems Corporation Date Taken: 16 October 1998 High Water Mark Type: Silt Line Surge or Still: Still USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Marathon, Florida Nearest Town: Coco Plum Beach, Florida Address: 109 Coco Plum Drive Remarks: Marker mark at high water mark on west side building (apartment #1) of Coco Plum Beach and Tennis Club. Apartment #1 is last building at end of driveway closest to beach. rns of.aEnnineers South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation - Project Number 98-2603-S Key West to Key Largo. Florida & Flamingo to Fort Myers, Florida - Survey 98-282 Contract Number DACW 17 98-0-0004 DAMAGE on varied fronts is shown in these photos. Top, ruined trailers clog a street in a Marathon Trailer Park. At right, Navy crews push the Job of repairing the ruptured pipeline in the Upper Keys. Lower photo shows debris in Islomorado b e f o r e cleanup work started. CUC KLKH-01 h 1K 11j1- j�.n� 4 MAIN!% 0 HISTORICAL PICTORIAL it tz W4 'he 'a Ile 3F 1 r 11;211 hotels, [domes, 1" :ilities Rush Rehabilitation A Freeboofin' Newspaper What Covers Whof's Lett By er CoB Keynoter cynotcc Coantr nty Editor � Marathon — The Greater Marathon area today was clear- / 1 away debris, nutting I rs to offices, stores andnd i nes, and making plans for r the "biggest winter season in history' following a smashing. i .'asWting blow, from Hurri- ie Donna last Fdday and turday. Donna ripped off roofs, gut- ted motels, homes and strops. de- fllshed entire -trailer courts. lied telephone, electric and tree services fnd left a trail of destruction front Seven -Mile Bridge to Key Largo- ' The htnriease damped more tau 13 lacbes of SuiafaB as ie area Thursday, Fefday aa4 natarday, reducing dothlux, tarpitV and other effects to wegsy raaece6 and adding to to general discomfort- J „ tt-tte height of the storm. in VOL Nill early morning hours of urday, the shrieking winds reached a velocity of 160 miles) Islam.N.orada -r hour. according toWeather estimates. Despite the widespread dam i age, almost impossible to des-1 cTibe or evaluate, very littlyeM�ie asMwrde�� s of life was reported. Onl Hit tree known dead, two white l yen and a Negro woman• were i recorded. Islamorada — ocean front The Negro woman was iden home, and buildings were hard. 'fied as Stella Pitts, resident est hit in the Islamorada area r "the rock" in Marathon. The I during hurricane Donna. vo men, whose bodi,s were Nearly every home, resort found off Key Margo, were not Iand business building fronting identified. on the ocean was either gutted Considered missing and ap . or destroyed. Many of the older arently dead, was Mrs. Buckwooden buildings, some dating ,rundy, wife of the Islamorada' back to the '35 'hurricane, were realtor. Grundy, who was taken' P.oated two and three blocks to Monroe General Hospital In away. Some ended up on the ,Key West, with injuries suf- Overseas Highway and others Bred in the hurricane, said he travelled even farther toward nd his wife and some friends the Gulf. Even well constructed .ormed a "human chain" and concrete block houses could not stared out for higher ground- withstand the force. Hla wife lost. het' grip and wu The Chesapeake S e a f o o d Wept away in the darkness. he house, wbidt opened last fall aid. Her body tad not been R �ccovered at this *rating ss gutted b9 water �i�lara The Yeysotar buddin& al- tied away thousands worth antiques' abi� be- �continued Oh^Page 41 �� to the Balser tami b- was Donn- : t i The Ielar►dtr 7t0�3 . , 1y� W. .bather plt�zy gutted e"Alrnitfte strewn over mar4y0Qna149 t3dq�;4•I� of Islamacada P4atM.asere an. ps t asi. sS+t► �Y trounced early tlikis!V0Wk'that :�L 74% Zbaiiaing wwldDe6fn tale sodc r a ;40 74% z- i<' 2 61 85% as possible. building the 0lttey Ton 'ies! 9.50 877. utersilly exploded with the two .60 77% halves corning to rest about 75 .00 84% feet apart .00 74% store sur• 13.11 Only one grocery YC No. 30 (Keynoter) — Vol. I - No. 51 (Sun) THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER 15,1%0 ocean Front Hom...es By Mean Donna Of Home ess If there is any tumor left in this country today, It's in the mudville left by Hurricane Don- na in the Florida Keys. Among. the flattened build- ings, the standing skeletons, the gutted and untouched, walks a -population undaunted by the most ferocious storm ever to strike the U. S. mata- land. Daylight Sattrday put the finishing touches to what was already a nightmare. Only this was stark reality. Few persons who remained to ride out the storm realized what really had ttappeaed out- side. An old than sat crying on a smashed fence.. A pelican with a broken leg whimpered in the littered streets. This was the . thing that always happens to the other fellow — only the tables were turned. Boat rentals once gaily decor- ated with sea skiffs were smashed beyond recognition. Boats were hurled roughly overland by wind -pushed water. Hours before there were houses, businesses. Now there Were few. There iwu . at first .talk of quitting the town. This soon faded. , The wxoug-*wld not cdn- sider such a moire. Then the tumor faded. Those who lost the most wore the cheerful face. It was and is a standing — and grim — joke as to wbo lost the most .Humor gripes were aired about soup ititchens. For in a matter of minutes the banker, the ehrimper, the wafter, the lawyer and the clergy were of the same cir- cumstances. vived the blow. The Trading storm and replenish their sup- Two hours tad completely Post was open late Friday night plies following the blow, destroyed the system of various before the storm and opened up Poucher's Supermarket was social m1lcad time a time again early Saturday morning gutted by wind and water after after winds let up. Islamorada a palm tree was blown through to<ltanir"--•atime toweep residents were able to obtain the rear wall. The health de. . • . a time t0 am" ... a time food and other necessities until partment ordered the atOM to remember • • • a time to for - the last moment before the I burned Wednesdayget- grim Donna Shore Show was over, save the aftermath. Damage Hits Million Damage to the Florida Keys corded exceeded 160 mph. Electric Cooperative line Sys- Phillips said the 04 tem has been estimated at $,L- would be replaced as before,] 000poo by General Manager storm. Restoring feeder litia4, James Phillips. t1he prime project at full; Construction tangs f r o m meat- Power to households dtl Florida, Georgia and ytiasisSlp• follow. pi, numbering 95. beets reetAP A shortage of alone vitii XW atlon the day after tft Iturri- testa" may delay repsdrlr„•!ti cane Donna struck. xk atan!Ss! warned The Marathon Aa''f►W. put out throw 1, t , . mli hone duration. This wasn't art t�«ia ..: �� ie><on�»tea ms MUIIpa, "the pier t ldtuatiou ed to be hurricane "•poL�:..., is The system last'tb,- stated mission sttvcturSs !n 3tsf art bqegftftunAftng thon area alone - designed to withstatsd140adis 'r,/lettlally," tie said "Ltre•0 an hour winds. Wind Voeft 1* pie have been wooderfuL" ttl :o��i LANDMARK — Olney Inn, a favorite vacation spot at Islamorada for the likes of former President An Acknowledgment Thanks for the pictures and narrative in this book on Hurricane Donna go largely to the photo- grophers and reporters of The Keynoter with a handy assist from The Sun. Staff newsmen of both publications were in the thick of the storm for on -the -spot reports and pictures. With communications and transportation at a standstill following the September 10, 1960, storm, earliest news reports were made available to Keys people and the waiting U. S. mainland by The Keynoter and The Sun. Harry S. Truman, was left a shambles by Donna. The most disheartening loss: scores of palms. However, this account could not have been published without the help of our photographer friends — amateur and professional. Publication Editors: Charles H. Deal John Watts THE PICTURES IN THIS BOOK WERE TAKEN BY: Keynoter Staffers Sun Staffer Charles H. Deal Clarence Sallee John Watts Other Contributort Edith Bollard Watts Walter Shone Newton Emerson Leonard Lowe, Jr. y M _ BEFORE AND AFTER — At left is Blueberry Hill Restaurant on Indian Key fill, restored after the 1935 hurricane, pictured before Hurricane Donna struck. Below, only rem- nants of the foundation pilings remain after Don- na passed through. Note railroad ties at left, part of F.E.C. railway track skirting property. j�.v_ _ "'2'� .:' �i- - rr,��_•�-1st.--_�'q_�+�i�-��_ '«.. _ +ltQP%• r', L DISASTER STRUCK the Vaca Cut Bridge after the hurricane when a run- away barge smashed the pipeline and several of the span's concrete pil- lars. View at left shows pipe relaid on bridge after occident, photo below shows the ruptured pi- lings broken at the water- line and dangling. T T . f iy `- Em TELEPHONE LINEMEN, electric co- operative personnel and Navy pipe - crews restored utilities to most resi- dents within two weeks of Donna's disastrous visit. Forty-five power poles — tested to withstand 145 mph winds — were toppled in the Marathon area alone. CLEANING -UP Donna's mess, left, was a task requiring weeks of diligent work. Trees, houses, fumiture and olmost every- thing imaginable littered streets and. roadsides. Federal aid assisted in finon- sing some of the work. THIS BEAUTIFUL HOME on the Gulf was practically demolished by Hurricane Donna. DONNA — Worst Storm In U. S. History Hurricane Donna, most destructive tropical storm in the history of the United States Weather Bureau, was spawned in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa, near Dakar, on Aug. 29. Packing winds of 130 miles per hour it crossed the Atlantic and raged through the Windward Islands. Passing north of Puerto Rico on Sept. 5, with its winds stepped up to 150 miles per hour it headed northwest by west for the Bahama Islands. No hurricane in history was ever more widely cr more thoroughly publicized than Hurricane Don- na. On Sept 7, the Miami Weather Bureau warned that if the hurricane continued on its course it would strike the Florida Keys area. A hurricane "alert" was orcered fcr the Keys on that date. The following day, Thursday, Sept. 8, the "alert" was changed to a full-fledged hurricane warning. The dread flags, red with black squares, were hoisted at 1 1 a.m. at six points in the Greater Marathon area. That day, Marathon's official weather ob- server, Laurence Campbell, warned that Donna was pas: ing through "hurricane alley" between Cuba and Florida and was heading straight for the Keys. O—T air ALL DAY THURSDAY AND FRIDAY Florida Keys residents busied themselves boarding up busi- ness places and homes Some elected to !toy, about 50 per cent of persons living in the area from Marathon to Tavernier packed hurriedly and drove to havens in Homestead or Miami. Friday was a windy day, with skies overcast, the wind from the northwest at 16 m.p.h. and four -foot seas at Sombrero Key Lighthou-e, five miles off Marathon, on the edge of the Gulf Stream. Copyright 1960, Keynoter Publishimq Company i t . _ r MARKET survived storm but was ordered put to torch by health officer be- . cause of food contamina- tion coupled with threuts of disease. u Shortly after dawn, members of the Keynoter staff forced open a side door and, after consider- able coaxing, g_t two cars started. One car headed west on U S 1 cnd the other east Marathon •,as a shambles. Giant new creosoted poles, designed to withstand hurricane winds up to 150 miles per i..our, had been snapped in half, or twisted as if by c monster hand. Light and telephone wires littered the highway and side streets. The destruction was appalling. Homes and office buildinas had been unroofed and ripped apart. House trailers were shattered, one trailer park was a jumble of wreckage with not one mobile home escaping. 0__ r 0—T CABIN CRUISERS and commercial fishing boats were riding the highway, one fast cabin job had washed clear across U. S. 1 and was sitting upright on the lot in front of the American Legion building. Directly ecross from the Legion building, Marathon's cclered section, "The Rock", was still under several feet of water. Several automobiles were buried uncer water and debris. Boyles' Bzctyard, where scores of boots had sought refuge `rom Donna, was a scene of des- truction almost beyond belief. Sleek cabin cruisers, luxury yachts and smart charter boats were jumbled toget:--r in a mass of splintered hulls, shorn super -structures, smashed cabins and twisted shafts and procellers Marathon s finest motels, many of which are located on the Gulf side of the island and hence caught the full fury of the hurricane, were almost without exception devastated by the wind and ensuing waves Damage to some ran as high as 90 per cent. Some of Marathon's famous landmarks docks lighthouse, visible for many miles by land or sea, still stood although its connecting dock was washed away. A 70-ft. luxury yacht and two charter boats had foundered and sunk in the basin. Trees, wires, poles, and signs were down all over the downtown section. Mattresses and furni- ture, which had floated out of homes and business establishments, littered the highway. Evidences of cyclonic forces within the hurri- cane come to light as .The Keynoter survey team pressed eastward. In several sections between down- town Marathon and Marathon Shores huge light poles had been ripped out for stretches as if the wind had struck with irresistible ferocity in certain spots and skipped others. 0 -tr 0 --7r NIGHTFALL SATURDAY found the Florida Keys area from Seven -Mile Bridge to Tavernier without lights, water and in many individual instances without transportation. During the day news filtered in that the water pipeline had been washed out in at least five places, with one gap of more than 1,000 feet at Tea Table Bridge, south of Islamorada. Navy crews arrived from Key West during the day, set up an emergency canteen at the Mara- thon Fire house and began feeding the stricken community. Other Navy crews continued through to Tea Table Bridge and began the monumental task not only of restoring the washed out pipeline but of installing an emergency bridge to carry traffic ocress the devastated span. Along with the Navy come a detachment of U. S. Marines, who took over the job of patrolling the Marathon area to keep down pilfering, prowl- ing and looting of homes and business houses, many of which were open to the winds and weather. Copyright 1960. Keynoter Publish,nq Company 477 MOW - Pb-- f MIA S Ta 4.0 _MAATHoN4 --r---r= z ♦ .t , N t im AERIAL VIEWS, snapped from a helicopter Saturday, the day the hurricane abated, gave graphic evidence of tornadic force within the whirling winds. Photo at top shows the Sunset 0 Beach apartments on Key Colony Beach ted by the wind. Below, the north appr to Tea Table Bridge near Islamorada, sho gap in bridge. (Official Navy Ph x 'COO, HURRICANE DONNA IN THE UPPER KEYS THE WORST HURRICANE since the ill-fcmed Labor Day blew In 1935, Dcnno reeled the Upper Keys bock on their heels, but not for long Many of the oeeple who stayed on the Upper Keys Friday night, Sept. 9, 1960, were somewhat experienced at sitting out hurricanes or were well prepared. This, and a lot of luck, have been credi- ted for the little loss of life when the winds ap- proaching 200 miles per hour tressed this narrow chain of islands separating the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean. Many of those who stayed were in the hurri- cane shelters at the old county building and Meth- odist Church in Islamorada, the Florida Keys Clinic and Florida Keys Electric Cooperative warehouse in Tavernier and the Key Largo Fire House. Others remained in their homes, motels or business build- ings which they considered to be safe. The path of the veering storm kept the Upper Keys in the dangerous northeast quadrant as it slowly approached and the eye passed over the Long Key area. TELEPHONE SERVICE in Islamorada Acs cut off shortly after midnight, but a few telephcnes in Tavernier and some above were operative through the entire storm and afterward. Electrical service was disrupted at different times in the various parts of the area, but portions of Islamorado still had electricity a_ late as 1:30 a.m., approximately an hour before the worst part of the storm. Winds of increasing velocity coupled with vio- lent tornadoes ripped roofs from buildings, blew down trees and stove in windows, doors and walls and drove waves as high as 12 feet to inundate some low areas where water could back up After roofs, doors and windows hod been rip- ped open, swirling water swept rooms of many build- ings and homes clean carrying kitchen appliances, furniture, clothing and valued possessions of hun- dreds of families into the streets, mangrove thickets and even into the Florida Bay and the islands off shore. Weight was little deterrent to the great forces of nature which carried refrigerators, automobiles and sections of buildings for from their original • U. S NAVY PHOTO Some people, including members of the Flor- ida Keys Sun staff who stayed to report the event, were forced to abandon their shelters and seek higher ground as water rose, roofs blew off or walls collapsed FIVE CHARTER BOATS tied securely at the dock on rovaged Windley Key were ripped from their moorings and strewn as far as Jewfish Creek where a fisherman caught Capt. Henry Clifford's Snowbird II as it was about to float across the Overseas Highway. Ocean front buildings caught the brunt of the -torm in the Upper Keys. Most of the buildings on or near the beach were gutted or completely des- troyed. The Islander Motel, Islamorada's largest, was locations. gutted and its furniture strewn for miles. The Chesapeake Seafood House, which opened less than a year before the storm, was smashed and priceless antiques and curios washed into the mangroves. Green's Acre Motel, Breezy Palms, Coral Cove, LoOrilla, Barothy Lodge and others on the ocean front were severely damaged. Nearly 700 treasured palm trees on Olney Inn's well kept grounds were ruined by the storm. Wind!ey Key had the appearance of a bomb- ed -out community. Many buildings were completely gone, others ripped apart or set askew by the storm. This, with a background of leafless trees and bush- es gave it a desolate, war -torn look. Riddled and twisted house trailers and smash- ed buildings blocked the Overseas Highway on Plantation Key. Hardest hit were the Sea Breeze Trailer Park which was completely wiped out, Plantation Lodge, Blackman's garage and other buildings nearby. ROOFS WERE RIPPED OFF other homes on Plantation Key and some buildings were torn apart, but the Coral Shores School and the San Pedro Catholic Church escaped virtually unharmed. Ocean front property in Tavernier suffered a great deal of damage and the Paul Albury home was deposited in the middle of the old highway. The Son Pedro Trailer Park next door was almost de- troyed. Waterfront homes in the vicinity of Harris Park were hard hit as were those up the coast in the area near the Sea Side. The ravages of the storm were still severely felt in Key Largo and on up to the county line. Manda- lay Fishing Camp was among the hard hit victims. Most of the homes fronting on the ocean on r U. S. NAVY PHOTO Lower Matecumbe Key were demolished or badly damaged. Many other buildings on the long, nar- row keys were damaged. Craig was struck by the full force of the hurri- cane. Wooden buildings were ripped from their foundations and rocks from the sea wall were tos- sed to the highway's edge. Donna blasted Long Key, destroying part of a motel and a number of buildings on the island while sparing others with little or no damage. ALL OF THE KEYS were left without water or electricity, making the clean up more difficult. Some water in the storage tanks was saved, but much of it drained out through broken lines. In spite of the heavy damage caused by hurri- cane Donna, there was no confusion and residents began making an immediate comeback. A spirit of which the entire nation could be proud kept the Keys people going full speed with plans and preparations for recovery and a bigger and better season than ever. Many of the motels and restaurants were never completely out of busi- ness and took to the task of helping those who had no homes or places to cook. They supplied rooms for the army of telephone and electric utility workers to rebuild thousands of miles of downed wires, hun- dreds of insurance adjustors and workers who came in to help rebuild. Other businesses were quick to come back or make preparations to rebuild and many residents moved into makeshift shelters while their homes were being repaired or rebuilt. Through the entire rebuilding period, the main goal was to rebuild bigger and better in time for the winter season so as not to disappoint the winter vacationers. 114,, MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY VULNERABILITY PROFILE CITY OF LAYTON Location: • City of Layton Mile -Markers 68-69 Government: • The City of Layton is an incorporated municipality located within Monroe County. It has its own separate form of government. Layton has a five member City Council, including a mayor, whom its citizens elect at large. • Like its fellow municipalities and the County, the City of Layton participates in programs dealing with Critical State Concern, Flood Management. and the Permit Allocation System. • The current code for wind load is more substantial than Monroe County and equal to Dade County. Layton, like other communities in Monroe County and the state. will be subject to the State Uniform Construction Code when implemented. • The Layton Code Enforcement Board was recently re -instated by the City Council and additional money has been allocated to code enforcement effective 1999. '% - Population: • 208 based on the census figure for Layton used by the State of Florida for revenue sharing. • Information provided by the Monroe County Planning Department shows the 1999 permanent resident population as 204, with a seasonal population of 159, for a total "functional population" (total of permanent and seasonal population) of 363. • Population projections for the year 2,009 are 226 permanent population and 172 seasonal population for a total "functional population" of 398. Special Needs Population: • According to figures provided by Monroe County Social Services, the area delineated as Long Key/Layton, had, as of July 14, 1999, 3 people registered for special needs hurricane assistance. Behavioral Response: • Only 40%-50% of full-time Layton residents evacuated for Hurricane Georges (September 25, 1998). Georges was a 150 mph (Category 4) storm when it traveled through the Caribbean. It was a strong Category 2 storm, nearing `•- Category 3 status, when it was threatening the Keys. Fortunately, Layton experienced only minimal hurricane force winds when the eye passed 75 miles west of the Citv. • A recent survey (Summer 1999) yielded the following responses from the 42 participants regarding hurricane evacuation intentions: Category % Who Will Evacuate 1 33% 2 43% 3 66% 4 82% 5 86% • The evacuation participation indicated for Hurricane Georges is below the figures for the Middle Keys indicated in the "Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study 1993.1990". The survey showed an anticipated evacuation of 65% in the Middle Keys for a Category 2 storm and a level of 76% for a Category 3. Averaging these the level is 70.5%, over 20% higher than the actual participation in Hurricane Georges. • In addition, the City of Layton notes that significant events affecting evacuation occurred after Hurricane Georges. It was difficult returning to the Keys and communications regarding re-entry were poor. As a result, "many Layton residents vowed never to evacuate again. A member of the Layton City Council experienced a particularly distasteful encounter at the Florida City checkpoint. There is concern that evacuation participation may be even lower in the future. Subsequent to Hurricane Georges, Monroe County instituted a system of issuing permit stickers to residents to expedite the re-entry process. Geography/Topography/Bathymetry (Map): • (For the purposes of the Monroe Local Mitigation Strategy) The City of Layton, located in the Middle Keys is comprised of 85 acres. Its land use mix is primarily single family residences. all of which are located on canals or waterways, and small local businesses, such as restaurants and convenience stores. • As noted above, the City of Layton is built almost entirely on waterfront property, mostly canals. The canals are not free flowing and are connected to a "natural lake". Storm surge from the south (the prevalent direction) causes the canals to buildup often causing overflow. Vulnerability is increased because the water will not flow out to the north. This situation was observed during Hurricane Georges, September 25, 1998. • A map showing the offshore configuration (bathymetry) surrounding Layton is attached. Bear in mind that shallow waters may contribute to storm surge height. 2 Flood Vulnerabilitv: • According to the City of Layton, flooding potential is almost entirely related to storm surge associated with tropical cyclones. • As reported in the City's Comprehensive Plan, elevations range from zero feet at the shoreline to approximately 6 feet above sea level. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and Community Rating System (CRS): • The Citv of Layton participates in the National Flood Insurance Program and has a rating of 10 in the Community Rating System. Repetitive Loss Properties: • The City of Layton has no repetitive loss properties as defined by FEMA. Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM's): • All areas in Layton are subject to storm surge flooding. According to the National Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM's) areas in Layton range from VE Zones (coastal flood with velocity hazard wave action) of 11-13 feet to AE Zones (areas subject to flooding but not wave action) of 8-9 feet. The numbers represent "base flood elevations". This means that in order to be safe from a "100 year" flood event (1% chance of flooding per year) properties in these locations must have first floor elevations at or above the designated number values. As noted earlier, natural elevations in Layton range from 0- 6'. SPLASH Model • An early model developed to determine storm surge values was called SPLASH (Special Program to List Amplitude of Surges from Hurricanes). This methodology was designed to calculate the height and duration of open coastline storm surge heights created by an approaching and landfalling storm. However, unlike its successor the SLOSH model, it assumed a generalized smooth coastline and does not consider the amplification of surge by a bay or estuary. The SPLASH values are provided as a standard of reference for the FIRM ratings and SLOSH values. The information is delineated in `dime history points". These show the maximum surge height, by category of storm, that a selected location will receive. The time history point for Lavton is located on the Oc :_: de depicts the following: Projected Surge Cat 2 Projected Surge Cat 3 Proiected Surge Cat 5 6 feet 8 feet 12 feet SLOSH Model: • As explained earlier, in the Vulnerability Assessment, after the SPLASH model, a surge modeling technique was developed called the SLOSH (Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) model. The SLOSH model added the ability to estimate the inland distribution of flooding to determine areas that may need to be evacuated. The margin of error associated with the SLOSH model is + or — 20%. The SLOSH model may be used to determine the MOM's (Maximum of Maximums) which are the worst case situations for each Hurricane Category taking into account all possible hurricane tracks. 4 IN Closest Maximum of Maximums Values (MOM's) (worst case scenarios): The closest available MOM's for Layton are those determined for Conch Key Mile -Marker 63 and Islamorada Mile -Marker 82. (Monroe County Emergency Management provided the information.) Maximum of Maximums (MOM's) for Conch Key Mile -Marker 63, Ocean Side Category Track Directions 1 2 3 4 5 WSW 4 6 8 9 9 W 4 6 7 8 9 WNW 4 5 7 8 9 NW 4 5 7 7 8 NNW 4 5 6 7 8 N 3 5 6 7 8 NNE 3 4 6 7 8 NE 3 6 8 9 ENE 4 6 8 10 11 E 5 8 10 11 12 Maximum of Maximums (MOM's) for Islamorada Mile -Marker 82, Ocean Side Category Track Directions 1 2 3 4 5 WSW 4 5 7 8 9 W 4 6 7 9 10 WNW 4 6 7 9 10 NW 4 6 7 9 10 NNW 4 5 7 8 10 N 4 5 7 8 9 NNE 4 5 6 8 9 NE 4 6 7 8 PE 35 6 7 8 E 3NE 4 6 7 8 5 High Water Marks: • High Water Marks were determined for Hurricane Georges and Hurricane Donna. The high water mark locations closest to Layton for each storm are shown below. Reference Location Value NGVD Mile -Marker 69.5 4.6' Long Key State Park Mile -Marker 66.5 5.5' Long Key State Park Mile -Marker 66.8 5.7' Craig Key Mile -Marker 72.3 6.6' Photos of high water mark locations for Hurricane Georges are attached. Reference Location Value GVD Bay side Conch Key, Mile -Marker 63 7.40' Ocean side Conch Key, Mile -Marker 63 5.47 Bay side Long Key, Mile -Marker 68 6.02' Bay side Craig Key Mile -Marker 72 8.49' Ocean side Craig Key Mile -Marker 72 7 87' -k map depicting high water marks for Hurricane Donna is attached. Severe Weather History: • Layton has experienced several tornadoes. These include August 24, 1997, October 24, 1997, and October 29, 1994. According to the National Weather Service no deaths, injuries, or damage occurred. Hurricane Donna in 1960 and Hurricane Betsy in 1965 directly affected the City. Both are included among the most deadliest, costliest, and intense hurricanes occurring in the US from 1900-1992. • Hurricane Donna, 1960 (Duration, August 29-September 19) — Hurricane Donna curved northwestward over the Middle Keys near Long Key/Layton and then went north toward the Naples and Fort Myers on the Florida West Coast. Areas in the vicinity of the storm experienced wind speeds of 128 mph and a central pressure of 28.44 inches. Tide levels were reported at Upper Matecumbe Key of 13.5 feet above MSL, at Plantation Key 10+ feet above MSL, and 8.9 feet above MSL in Key Largo. As of 1992 Hurricane Donna, a Category 4 storm is listed as the 6`h most intense hurricane in the US. Historical information about Hurricane Donna is contained in the Attachment, 0 "Historical Pictorial of Hurricane Donna" at the end of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment. • Hurricane Betsv, 1965 (Duration, August 26-Septmber 12) - Hurricane Betsv passed over Marathon while moving westward into the Gulf of Mexico. The lowest central pressure was measured in Tavernier at 28.12 inches and wind speeds were estimated to be 120 mph. Tide levels in Tavernier were 7.7 feet above MSL and Key Largo had tide levels of around 9 feet above MSL. Betsy was a Category 3 storm and is ranked 251h in intensity. • More recently Layton experienced the effects of the Ground Hog's Day Storm, February 2, 1998, which was a severe weather event that produced tornadic activity. Hurricane Georges, which made landfall in the Lower Keys on September 25, 1998 and Tropical Storm Mitch on November 4 and 5, 1998 affected the City of Layton. Detailed information about these events is provided in the Vulnerability Assessment of the Local Mitigation Strategy. Hurricane Georges Real Time Information: • During Hurricane Georges the Monroe County Emergency Management Director maintained a map of events as they occurred. In the vicinity of Layton, on Long Key at Mile -Marker 70, it was noted that immediately after the storm road crews were clearing US 1 and it was impassable for civilian vehicles. In addition, power outages were identified in this area and a plastic debris line was noticeable on the ocean side of US 1. A section of a Monroe County map depicting this is attached. Damage: Physical • According to information provided by the City Damage Survey Report (DSRs) were submitted for damage to signs, street damage, park cleanup and EOC staffing. As of January 1999 the total cost was 57,039. • All private residences below the crown of the City's streets received flooding during Georges. • Approximately 5% shingle damage occurred to most shingle roofs • 2% of residences received more significant wind damage. • Debris clearance was handled by Monroe County and estimated by FEMA and the Florida Division of Emergency Management (DEM) as in excess of $20,000. Economy: • All businesses closed or severely restricted operations after Georges due to a 4-day power outage. • Lobster fishermen lost approximately 50% or their traps during the Ground Hog's Day Storm, February 2, 1998, Hurricane Georges, 7 ,%W September 25, 1998, and Tropical Storm Mitch November 4 and 5, 1998. Locally, city trappers started the year with approximately 5.000 traps. Critical Facilities • Layton City Hall/Fire Rescue Complex • Bell South Mobility Tower • Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority Pumping Station (MM 70, Long Key) • KT's Marina ( full service) Other Important Facilities • City Tennis Court • Florida Keys Marine Laboratory • US Post Office She lters/Refuges,%Staging Areas: • There are no Monroe County designated shelters, refuges, or staging areas located in Layton. Hazardous Materials Sites: • There are no Monroe County Section 302 (federal standards) facilities listed for the City of Layton. Mobile Homes: • According to the Monroe County List of Mobile/RV Parks (October 1995), there are no such facilities within the limits of the City of Layton. Marinas: • There is one marina shown on the Monroe County list between Mile -Markers 68-69. Atlantis Marine (now called KT's Marina) MM68.4, Ocean Side. Environmental Resources/Vegetation: • According to the City's Comprehensive Plan, there are environmentally sensitive areas adjoining Long Key State Park and on property located immediately to the east of the City's developed area. • There are no known endangered animal species. • The mangrove communities are protected by ordinance. Long Key Point and mangrove swamps south of the city reduce the effect of storm surge during minimal storms. Historic/CulturaUArcheological Resources: There are no locally designated historic, cultural, or archaeological resources or National Register Properties located within the Layton City limits. The Zane Grey Creek is a natural creek leading from Long Key Lake. through the City of Layton to City of Layton to Long Key Bight. 7 ATTACHMENTS FOR CITY OF LAYTON VULNERABILITY PROFILE 1. Offshore Configuration Map (Source is "Cruising Guide to the Florida Keys", 1998. Captain Frank Papy, Bluffton. SC) 2. Photos of Hurricane Georges High Water Marks (Source as sho"Ti on photographs is Sea Systems Corporation for the U.S. Armv Corps of Engineers. Jacksonville District.) 3. Map of Hurricane Donna High Water Marks (Source is the National Hurricane Center. Miami, FL) 4. Real Time Map of Hurricane Georges Events (Source is Monroe County Emergency Management.) 5. Historical Pictorial of Hurricane Donna ff 41-411 f -tli - M1 cY� AN Avl- � •f � vim' JF n 7V to _ i _ t . Z Z \ . f 7 tD J ' II A HI urricane Greorges Florida Keys, 1998 e 7 7, High Water Mark Number: ;81 High Water Mark Elevation: (feet. NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): - Longitude (NAD 83): 8,3 -!7'�_! t Taken By: Date Taken: High Water Mark Type: Surge or Still: USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: '-,z,,-ig Key. Fic,.,ida Nearest Town: Address: 69. Remarks: debris 1'n- along the south sidt: 1 r south edge US Army CorpsofEngineers South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation Iw.I tlijinw,r -?i •iio.l I—, ;i; , . 7 if 1'' , 1� ' itimiti, ? , ; rt M.r., , (;,Ia "J.." q, �:Orllr + 1 NIol'! ;-j' IA, - W1 , o-i !: South Florida High Water Marks - Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation - Project Number 98-2603-S Key West to Key Largo. Florida & Flamingo to Fort Myers. Florida - Survey 98-282 Contract Number DACW 17-98-D-0004 *- 4 fr t ✓t4� - _ or t t { iJe v HISTORICAL PICTORIAL jF ♦tom �.. �f T/ .; els, flumes, Illti s Push habiil1tation 'Y - Imp A Freeboofin`..tlewspape Icy inn N tttr. r .• �n.>t �r t1 i, Kdlt„r rgges. •i:••r , ,,rt in I :.... followvu: a Fn1dNClnR• I ---- -:ating t•b,u (non I(urri-' Ilonna hi Vri,l:rr and day. nt>tets, h,,w, d nd shops. de. .hed enure, .ra;lor courts, •-.1 telephoo.,. electric and serviccx ..nd ;r(t a trail .-ttuation frr>nI SevemMilel !ge to Key I.Irg0 1. hurricane stumped more n 13 inches of rainfall on 1 ,era Thor-.!.:y, Friday and 1 ,:relay, m-Nemr. rLKhlnK. .,ture n,:d ..thrr �ffrcta to i m.x nd adding to .- . r Of'omeless � � s If there is any humor left in z i efts -ills country todayIt' , s In the mudtille]eftb} fiurriwreDoe lna in the Florida Keys. Ainong,ehe flattened build What --- I Inge, the standing skeletons What Covers What's Leff the ,;•sued and untouchet; - — - - -- - ' w Ike ernrrn l 4 L.r„ m (.nrt. Vol. VI11 • No. 30 ( mdu- )— Vol. I No. 51 (Sim) S Hn- ca, as 1 a a •population undauntec i by the most ferocious stortL et'er to strike the U. S. main l :and. Daylight Saturday put the finishing touches to what wa-. i already a nightmare. Only this was stark reality. Few persons Who remaiaec to ride out the storm realizes what really had happened out i side. An old man sat crying on e smashed fence. A pelican with a broken hN whimpered in the lltterec streets, This -was the thing that always happens to the other fellow — only the tables were turned.. Boat rentals once Bally decor ated with sea skiffs were smashed beyond recogoltiorL Boats were hurled roughly Overland by Wind -pushed water. Hours before there were houses, businesses. Now there were few. There evas at first talk of quitting the town. This soot faded. The strong would not con. sider such a move. Then the humor faded. Those who lost the most wore the eifeerful face. It was and is a-tandinR — I'd grim — joke e,c t„ w no lost cemlFront an � �� H Most. L ME :E \iTt .:, //, I % / THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER 15. 1F0 umor gripes were sired about soup kitchens. For in a matter of minutes fig bii the banker, the shrimper, the U� �� waiter, the lawyer and the NI`„'_ clergy were of the same cir- cumstances. Ocean front vi,v-i !: blow. The 1` ri::r :nt ,n,1 r--p!,;:,!. .,•: s,:p- Two hours had completely ,. m, li:41ings. were hard.I I`b + „ , .1-en late 1•'ridhv n . ,, ' ! ,llowlne tr . destroyed the system of various 1,:amarada area bef, „>rm and ,K n.ti . her; � n••• ..isl social levels. Donna. aKo:ji v siturda,, i .k Ind s . ,er1 It was a sari time ... a time arl home, resort) a! u• :et up I,L .. ... a ;, .;t, i to thank God ... a time to weep ,i f building frontln¢ rcti! _ vere able• t , . ;e-� ... a time to smile ... o time 0 ice' n t`te � -a•> was either gutted food , t thcr necessities '.c: nnl •n.: ,t-ee to remember ... a time to for- ad,•rt„ . :1;" „r dt••::r ,•1 Sfany of th! older the .., -foment t,e!ore ! µ'eels•„f.l. get. :'IV r:r ': �.�: !:il'';t. "' !"-'ildings, some dating --- .-- -- _--- A grim Donna Shore ghow :!r, •utf.. ., I-:..:n •r.ida• tank to the 'is hurrlcaae were .-_-_- - ._ yeas over, save the aftermath. •. Gn:r. ! ' „ taken ^ ci•trt two and three blocks :fees.• ;,f:a; Ir. • .. Damage Hits Million µlea. .•,::••,n:f-! away. S„me ended ttlf',On the ! In to ;..... .,., . �atA he I' Highway.lpQ ot2tera me vellaf even farthCt;toWatd frlendcl tra a:fdI the Culf Even welleottstruCted Daman aed to the Florida Keys. �rdexccedel Ire mph. ,;r•w::d.; Lot Icr. to `,.:'.•. houses could not Elector Cooperative line 6 ts- I`hIllips said the rvatem ;-i11 Md Rash with5rand the force.; tem has been estimated at $l,-' ;could be replaced as 1 rf„rr• the away ::, .;•trkness. he The Chesapeake S pia f o o d OOD,000 by General Manager) storm. Re"torinR feeder ones is Ifer l:.,tf n•,t been! llouse, w•ihien openld-laat,talL James Phillips. I the prime srrolect at the mo- --•re.l a. >cnt'r.4. ; was Rutted by water;which cats -Construction gangs f r o m l [Went flower to h,•ust•hnhl.: will liryn,:er hatWing, al- ! rled away thousands_�K'_Q0=1 Florida, Georgia and Muohistp) follow. ''ont:nur,1 ;•:,q; 4; I `A•orth of antique#'�Kfildf��be• pi, numbering95, began rewtor- A shortage of Fr,me N:al Ina. -- _-- _-- I longed to the BaIIRrYaD311f.' soon the day. after the Hurri- terlals may delay reflairs, the I The Islander Motelr.wn,Com. came Donna shuck. manager warned. eekly Feather p'.ctely gutted -sn&, tisitute The Marathon Power plant Tavernkrs power was re• strewn over manysgttsl'e)~ikMm put out through the storm's stored X4 hours after the hur• Week of Sopt. 7-19 of Isiamorada. Platte 1R.ereT�an•, duration. ricane Passed through. Trans. "'• '"' r ..,'. �'� nounced earl • this.-WeAliftiat mission line damage Mere was - - 14% I S Thls watmY sn.aaldent, w-rld 4 7,,, 1 rebuilding would bNgltltsaSi0tt Phillip-,omall. rs as possible. a ,S r "the plant dcdlCn- P r �° ed to be hurricane "Proof. "The situation Is getting t,,_k d` One bulldln etiise 79' , .0 y, o R nf2 ' The .rystesl lost 45 trans- W no —I,' sots() Phillips. ag r, o I literally exploded WS!{1 ttvv0 mission structures in the Mars. "People are beginning to gripe 1. a.4 •� halves corning to rest BbtSu`}'?6 thon area alone- The poles mre a little, Ie� E feet apart. designed to wlthataM 140 mite) Actually,,, he sal d...,he p� Pie•:, n:Jc .,ne grocery tRtite'#ur• an hour wind[, Wind speeds re- ple have been wtKr,vrfw, Tots Should Evacuaw; Epidemic fears are growing among disaster area doctors. Today, they strongly advised that all women and children be ImraediatelY evacuated from the Florida Keys. Men not involved to recon- strucrion should also leave. The Red Otcss Is making grants for those who n..,d fi- nancial assistance. More than 5,000 persons were fed Wednesday at the Red Cr— food center. Tltfa 4•epresents more people than the 1P90 cen- sus for Greater Marathon LANDMARK — Olney Inn, a favorite vacation Harry S Truman, was left a shambles by Donna. Spot at Islamorada for the likes of former President The most disheartening loss. scores of palms. An Acknowledgment Thanks for the pictures and narrative in this book on Hurricane Donna gc largely to the photo- graphers and reporters of The Keynoter with a handy assist from The Sun. Staff newsmen of both publications were in the thick of the storm for on -the -spot reports and pictures With communications and transportation at a standstill following the September 10, 1960, storm, earliest news reports were made available to Keys People and the waithno U S mainland by The Keynoter and The Sun However, this account could not have been published without the help of our photographer friends — omateur and professional. Publication Editors, Charles H Deal John Watts THE PICTURES IN THIS BOOK VVI-RE TAKEN BY Keynoter Staffers Sun Staffer Charles H D,2 ;i Clarence Sallee John Watts Other Contributors Edith Eall(;r(! Wntts Walter Shone Newton Fn,^, r, Leonard Lowe, J. WW44 I'M .APB- nrl;r unu�InlGni ullillilll mt mnnlluilllll fliliiiillutu ' _! BEFORE AND AFTER — At left is Blueberry Hill Restaurant on Indian Key fill, restored after the 1935 hurricane, pictured before Hurricane Donna struck Below, only rem- nants of the foundation pilings remain after Don- na passed through Note railroad ties at left, part of F.E.C. railway track skirting property L- L• DISASTER STRUCK the Vaca Cut Bridge after the hurricane when a run- away barge smashed the Pipeline and several of the span's concrete p,l_ lors. View at left shows Pipe relaid on bridge after occident, photo below Shows the ruptured p,_ kings broken at the water- line and dangling. 1 6 � 1 AW -y.ir4k. __ _.,•. •cis /�c 1 - CLEANIN') UT Ponno's mess, left, was a task requiring weeks of diligent work T'rees, h,ux-;. furniture and ever,,_ thina Irnaginnhie littered streets and Fe(lcfnl uid assisted in finan- -ing some of the work LINE,IAEN, electric c,:-, t,ve r>er,;.,)nneI cnd Navy pipe- 7',2 utdities to most res:, C"f Donn i s in the Yle (aw c, PSI' Yb• •h M t 4 �i r •PSK '�-. __ '�•wt�SL?'' '_dam `'t . •- ss�- r.�. !HIS BEAUT!- li: riJME on thr 6;,; .. ;s il•)nno D 0 NINA Storm t n U. J. History Hurricane Donna, ,t destructive tr :! �0f1), block sr,.ri'•t . I,I;torV ,,ted Stotes ",' _ .r ;r• In thc. Atlantic Africa, ne.. or, on Aug 29 T. r•,.,r, ;;;I weather Pawing winds of ! 36 ^•Iles per hour It cr that Donna h ;s •e AtJ.;nt!_ and ra.^ .± ,yh the `''.'In.... ,..i between r,•,rt PIC , orl _ t steppe-; 1',0 miles o- .�_•.,+ ! ?nh_;n "rA r" T HURSD.>. FRIDAY , :nc I•, over m ,;r• .. t. . . r., . . .. ,•;:iiv .. i tun l• "Real Time" Map 011Hurricane Georges Events GULF OF 1W EX/CO ACT KEY cat Ay DREDCLRS KEY A4E-koN ;V NNEL AC tic kCT �umo (!Xy 'RACCOON BIG KEY COPPIT KEY 1XI -J, 90020 SOCKLAND— .—KEV. INC ? tract 11 71 %T1 . to z� C. Lry WEST IKTEqxkflcdLL •IAPORT UKEY -14 eA. 31'—c C 9000 EST u— C k, KEY ROCKLAND 00. • :KEY p, ICA GFIGLER 7Z �0,n -%==1120F STATE H 1(3HW A Y SYSTEM WRICTEX LOWER KEYS or LCINPOE COUNT( MARKET survived 41 but was crdered t torch by health offic -Ouse of food contc ---��- - - t(on coupled with t of disease Shortly after dawn, members of the Keynoter docks lighthouse, visible for many miles by staff forced open a side door and, after consider- or sea, still stood although its connecting doc able coaxing, got two cars started. One car headed washed away A 70-ft. luxury yacht and two ci west on U. S I and the other east boots had foundered and sunk in the basin Marathon was a shambles Grant new creosoted Trees, wires, poles, and signs were dow poles, designed to withstand hurricane winds up to over the downtown section. Mattresses and 150 miles per hour, had been snapped in holf, or Lure, which had floated out of homes and bus twisted as if by a monster hand Light and telephone establishments, littered the highway wires littered the highway and side streets. Evidence, of cyclonic forces within the f The destruction was appalling. Homes and cone come to light as The Keynoter survey office buildings hod been unroofed and rioped pressed eastword In several sections between d apart House trailers were shattered, •..rie tra,le: c win Morut:,,)n and Marathon Shores huge dark was a Jumble of wreckage with not one m:;')ile ;)•ales hnr,' bc•e,, ped Out for stretches ns ,f home escaping wind had struck with irresistible ferocity in cer o--ir Q—ir spots and skipped others CABIN CRUISERS and cc-mmerc,al fishing o--•� o---r boots were riding the highwov one fast cabin I(A) NIGHTFALL SATURDAY found the F1: hod washed clear across U S 1 and was sitting Keys area from Seven -Mile Bridge to Tover upright on the lot ,n front cf the American Legion without I.ghts, water and in maim indi,,i( building instances withut trans ._. I X)rtatiOn During the Directly across from. the Legion bu,!:Jmg. news filtered it, that the water pipeline had L Marathon's colored section, "The Rock'',w•oz, Still .joshed out in at least five places, with one gap under �everol feet of water Several outom.;b,les more than 1,000 feet at Tea Table Bridge, sc were buried under w,)ter ruu! debris :)f Islamorcia Boyles' B:)otvard, where) score~ of bo';t, h7el Navy crews arrived from Key West dur sought refuge fr(m 0. , ..a, a ,CCr,0 .:,f ,!f• the cloy, set up :)n emergency canteen at the Mc IruCtion alrn_r,t be., ! Ic•e_% , ;t,.r, r ,.;r.; th ,n Fire and began feeding the strict lure,ry 11ChtS :jr •(I t r Ii,irf .r ,,.,"!t . •m nl„f" t Y ;urnbled to Seth.^r n ( ;;I,nte:ed ! , Cther crews continued through to 1 sfiorn super ,IruCte,re ns and t.: T:Jble bridge and began the monumental task ,l:afh. and t;ru{,eller , only of rest;>rinq the wasf)ed out pipeline but Marathon s f,ruat ,note!,,, nl(;n,,, eJ v%hich ;,re installing an emergency bridge to carry trot located on the Gulf ,ide (,f tl,e , I,n.1 and i-enro 7crc:ss the devu,tated span :aught the full fury of r e hurricane, were _;iriio, t Along with the Navy come a detachment (W without exception (10.. :'t :red h� tt,e wind -)nil U S Marines. who took over the job of patroll, ensuing waves Damage t'1 ,-ime for, us high the Marathon area to keep down pilfering, pfe, 90 per cent ing and looting of homes and business house Some of Marothcin's fail, •us londmorks rviony of which were open to the winds and weothe rI rT` ,- 1-:,,,1)nt• rl :. 1'. . . •r" rr.: pryer•: .., i. *-Jr- 03 A f Z _7I } - ;NA j� _ �•�-� -. AERIAL VIEWS, snapped from a helicopter Beach apartments on Key Colony E Saturday, the day the hurricane mated, gave ted by the wind Below, the north graphic evidence of tornadic force within the to Tea Table Bridge ne,-,r Islamoradc whirling winds. Photo at top shows the Sun -et gap in bridqe !Official No% • • - • •^ � �� rr K'•y,[ .. :ICJ �•i . Y �+\.Z++. 'b- ..�yr��? ?:N •. � � . -.--+4"''1''�`i�Y T..�`"yy��_�� ^ \�.y.; i tiyTy� f �7y�-* �A ; t • • • . . • �, r ✓� .=?:•,w�r�.:_: !. v.��-ems_[ 7 ^Ivy a i• �Ff..e tt:e r .J �• L i ago I k )A4 '�l'•'•�'a r#:.+iry�r��y }a rM��.i�-• vr- �1L+j.rr +i•►1 S � • :..f� yi. •1ti1�J9�. a .l' :� w,iv y ,•s '• �� i � •i.r�Y4tii ' . HURRICANE DONNA IN THE UPPER KEYS THE WORST HURRICANE since the III -famed Labor Day blow in 193S, Dznno reeled the Upper Keys back on their heels, but not for long Many of the oeople who stayed on the Upper Keys Friday night, Sept. 9, 1960, were somewhat experienced at sitting out hurricanes or were well prepared. This, and a lot of luck, have been credi- ted for the little loss of life when the winds ap- proaching 200 miles per hour tressed this narrow chain of islands separating the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean. Many of those who stayed were In the hurri- cane shelters at the old county building and Meth- odist Church in Islamorado, the Florida Keys Clinic and Florida Keys Electric Cooperative warehouse In Tavernier and the Key Largo Fire House Others remained in their homes motels or business build- ings which they considered to be safe The path of the veering storm kept the Upper Keys in the dangerous northeast quadrant as It slowly approached and the eve posed over the Long Key area TELEPHONE SERVICE In Islamorada was cut off shortly after midnight, but a few telephones In Tavernier and some above were operative through the entire storm and afterward Electrical service was dlsru; ^d at different times In the vorinul, nnrts )f the area, but fy-)rt )f Islam;ra(;a ;r:i! h;'r.) ei-rtrlro, tote a-, 1 30 a m , approximately on h3ur before the worst part of the storm Winds of Increasing velocity coupled with vio- lent tornadoes ripped rx)fs fr.-wr) huddings, blew down trees and stove In windows doors and walls and drove w'oves as h!g,, os 12 feet to Inundate some low areas where w _iter c.'uld back up After roofs, doors and windows hod been rip- ped open, swirling water swept rooms of many build- ings and homes clean carrvIng kitchen appliances, furniture, clothing and valued p�)ssesslons of hun- dreds of families into the streets, mangrove thickets and even Into the F ,)rido Boy oriel the Islands off shore. Weight was little deterrent to the great forces of nature which carried refrigerator-, automobiles and sections of buildings far from their original locations �1111 Via.: - .: tv- U S NAVY PHOTO -me pe�:,le n(Judu)g members ._if the Flor- la Key,, ,un s,rltf .. ed t-) rep.?rt the e,.ent, wore f, 'Ced t_) ,;!;_:n;)._,n 0-it h,tl;rr, r),j higher ground _)ter r';e roofs blew off or wolls ollop,e•J FIVE CHARTER BOATS t ed ,e, ,rrel•, at the Jock 2n r,- %._iged Wln,fle,. Key were ripped from their m ,,)rings a:: f Strewn -is for as Jewflsh Creek where :j fi-�hermuri Copt HenryClifford's Snowbird II as it wo, :.b;ut to float across the 7verseu_, f iIr)h.v,n Ocean fr,:rit i.,.,Ii I the brut i ,f the torm In the Upper Key : Most of the buildings on -)r near the beach were gutted t,r r rx„pletely des t royed The Islander Mittel, Islamorado's largest, was 1 'lam �- i - � ��,_r}��• _ G416 gutted and its furniture strewn for miles. The Chesapeake Seafood House, which opened less than a year before the storm, was smashed and priceless antiques and curios washed into the mangroves. Green's Acre Motel, Breezy Palms, Coral Cove, LoOrilla, Barothy Lodge and others on the ocean front were severely damaged. Nearly 700 treasured palm trees on Olney Inn's well kept grounds were ruined by the storm Windley Key had the appearance of a bomb- ed -out community. Many buildings were completely gone, others ripped apart or set askew by the store, This, with a background of leafless trees and bush- es gave it a desolate, war tern look Riddled and twisted house trailers and smash- ed buildings blocked the Overseas Highway; on Plantation Key. Hardest hit were the Sea Breeze Trader Park which was completely wiped out, Plantation Lodge, Blackmon's garage and other buildings nearby. ROOFS WERE RIPPED OFF other homes on Plantation Key and _ome buildings were tarn apart, but the Coral Sh,-)res School and the San Pedro Catholic Church escaped virtually unharmed Ocean front property in Tavernier suffered a great deal of damage and the Paul Albury h -.me was deposited in the middle of the old highw.,, The San Pedro Trailer Park next door was aim_-,t ,ie t royed Waterfront homes in the vicinity of f farris Park were hard hit as were those up the c -ast in the area near the Sea Side The ravages of the st -nl, were still severely felt in Kev Largo and on up to the county line Manda- lov i-:;riinq Camp was am. r ) the hard hit vir tuns w1._,st of the homes fronting on the ocean on A— IMP— •_ T ` U S NAVY PHOTO Lower Matecumbe Key were demolished or badly damaged. Many other buildings on the long, nar- row keys were damaged. Craig was struck by the full force of the hurri- cane. Wooden buildings were ripped from their foundations and rocks from the sea wall were tos- sed to the highway's edge Donna blasted Long Key, destroying part of a motel and a number of buildings on the island while sparing others with little or no damage. ALL OF THE KEYS were left without water or electricity, making the clear, up more difficult. Some water in the storage ranks was saved, but much of ,t drained out through broken lines. In spite of the heavy damage caused by hurri- cane Donna, there was nn confusion and residents began making an immediate comeback A spirit of which the er ttre notion could be proud kept the Keys people g;-,-ng full speed with plans and preparations for recovery and a bigger and better season than ever Many of the motels and rest ,-;tot,, were never : 1,,,ietely out of busi- ness and took: to the task of helping those who had no homes or places to cook They supplied rooms for the army of telephone and electric utility workers to rebuild thousands of miles of downed wires, hun- dreds of insurance adjustors and workers who came in to hell, , chin ld Other 01-,;0nesses were gt.ick to come back or make preparations to rebuild .:rid many residents moved int.) makeshift shelter, while their homes were heing repaired or rebui!t Through the entire rebuilding period, the main goal was to rebuild bigger and better in time for the winter season so as not to disappoint the winter vocat ioners DANIkAGE on varied fronts is shown in these photos. Top, ruined trailers clog a street in a Marathon Trailer Park. At right, Navy crews push the job of repairing the ruptured pipeline in the Upper Keys Lower photo shows debris in Islamorado h e f o r e cleanup w(.rk started c. ��u-• xSe- I �(',•�,� —1 Y /g ilw{j' I i —1 -1 e• `; `�•: ., �W. _. -�� t�� .`rye'. q T� f __ _ —_ . y 11 fAmp ..r - HOUSES ON STILTS were supposed to be best pro- tection against a hurricane, but this one on Grassy Key proved second best to Donna Wind toppled this dwelling like a house of cards x C -.01111111111W .0% FAMED SEAFOOD house at Islamorada was a heavy loser to Donna. Thousands of curios were either ruined or washed away. MONROE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY VULNERABILITY PROFILE ISLAMORADA, VILLAGE OF ISLANDS Location: • Islamorada, Village of Islands is located between approximately Mile -Markers 72.5-90.8. Government: • Islamorada, Village of Islands was incorporated as a separate municipality on December 31, 1997. As such, it is presently proceeding in the development of government policies and documents. • As Islamorada Village of Islands is a newly incorporated community, it is presently functioning primarily under adopted Monroe County Codes. It currently has several municipal agencies or departments, the Fire Department, Planning, Building, Code Enforcement, Parks and Recreation, Public Works, and Village Manager. • The Village Council is comprised of five elected officials. The Council sets government policy and adopts guidance documents, such as the Comprehensive Plan, Land Development Regulations, and ordinances establishing various codes and standards. As such, it considers mitigation efforts in the development of these documents. • The Village Manager implements the policies of the Council and administers the overall operations of the Village. • Along with its fellow municipalities and the County, Islamorada Village of Islands participates in the programs dealing with Critical State Concern, Flood Management, and the Permit Allocation System. • Like Monroe County, Islamorada currently uses the Standard Building Code with local amendments. The Village, like other communities in Monroe County, will be subject to the "Florida Building Code and Fire Prevention Code when implemented. Population: • According to the Village their present population is approximately 8,000 full-time residents and up to 20,000 seasonal guests. • Information provided by the Monroe County Planning Department shows the 1999 permanent resident population as 7,641, with a seasonal population of 8,647, for a "functional population" (total of permanent and seasonal populations) of 16,108. • County Planning Department population projections for the year 2,009 are 8,092 permanent population and 8,762 seasonal population for a total "functional population" of 16,853. Special Needs Population • According to figures provided by Monroe County Social Services the Islamorada, Village of Islands had as of July 14, 1999, approximately 26 people registered for special needs hurricane assistance. Behavioral Response: • The "Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study, 1983, 1990" included a behavioral analysis. What it found for the Upper Keys was that the evacuation participation was the highest in the County. 69.8% of Upper Keys residents indicated that would leave in a Category 2 Hurricane and 78.3% for a Category 3. • After Hurricane Andrew a study entitled, "Evacuation Behavior in Southeast Florida", February 28, 1993, was prepared by Hazards Management Group, Inc. in Tallahassee. The survey used a combined sample of 1100 people divided among Dade, Broward, and Monroe Counties. The following is an observation on Monroe County. • "Evacuation from the Florida Keys, (Monroe County) decreased from north to south and was lower than that from the Broward and Dade high -risk areas. In the Upper Keys, 62% left, compared to 45% in the Middle Keys, 40% in the Lower Keys north of Key West, and 25% in Key West." Geography/Topography/Bathymetry (Map): `�... • The land area of Islamorada, Village of Islands consists of 3,900.4 acres. • Bodies of water that border the Village are the Atlantic Ocean and Florida Bay (Gulf of Mexico). The neighboring jurisdiction is presently comprised of the unincorporated areas of Monroe County. • The Village of Islands is surrounded by water. Maps showing the offshore configuration (bathymetry) surrounding the areas that comprise the Village are included in the Attachments. Bear in mind that shallow waters may contribute to storm surge height. Also, canals, cuts, and inlets can be areas where floodwaters back-up and storm surge may be higher than along flat shorelines. • A gentle slope and flat topography characterize the islands. • Information from the Village's Draft Comprehensive Plan states that, "two major salt water bodies are present along Islamorada's coastline — The Atlantic Ocean and Florida Bay." It continues, "the former lies along Islamorada's southern shoreline and the latter its northern shoreline". • According to the Draft Plan, due to its relatively small land area, Islamorada contains no freshwater lakes, rivers, or streams." The Village also has land -locked canals located within several jurisdictions. • Within Islamorda the most noticeable beach erosion occurred from Hurricane Georges. Otherwise, beach erosion has not been a significant problem. • Much of Islamorada is developed. The Village's land use mix includes single family residences, multi -family dwellings, time-share and seasonal units, tourist lodgings (hotels, motels, inns, bed and breakfasts, etc.). Also, commercial (restaurants, retail sales, banks, 2 Realtors, etc., medical, and government uses. Tourist oriented (e.g. museums, attractions, etc.); marine -related and recreational uses are also present. Islamorada has been nicknamed "The Fishing Capital of the World" and industries related to sport and commercial fishing are very important to the local economy. Diving is another of its primary revenue making activities. • Sport Fishing and Commercial Fishing. Commercial fisheries include the spiny lobster, pink shrimp, and other shellfish. Among the more common species favored by the sports and commercial fishermen are sailfish, dolphin, pompano, grouper, tarpon, king mackerel, and snapper. Flood Vulnerability: • As stated in the "Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, 1998" elevations in the Florida Keys are rarely greater than 10 feet above mean sea level and in most cases are much lower." • The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has determined that the majority of land area within Islamorada, Village of Islands is subject to flooding from a 100-year storm event. • According to the Draft Comprehensive Plan flood elevations for the 100-year flood (1-% chance per year that flooding to specified levels will occur) range from 7 to 12 feet NGVD. Since most of Islamorada lies below this elevation, water from a 100-year storm event would flood most of the Village. However Plantation Key, Windley Key, and Upper Matecumbe Key all have some elevations above 100-year flood. They are outside the 100-year flood elevation is comprised of US 1 rights -of -way and the adjacent properties. • Commercial uses that front on US 1 are for the most part located outside the floodplain. • Most of the public and private recreational facilities in Islamorada are located within the floodplain. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and Community Rating System (CRS): • The Village participates in the National Flood Insurance Program and currently has a rating of 10 in the Community Rating System. This is because it is still under the terms that Monroe County has for the NFIP. However, Islamorada intends to take measures to decrease its rating status to afford its residents a discount on flood insurance rates. Repetitive Loss Properties: • According to the Monroe County Floodplain Manager, Islamorada has no repetitive loss properties as defined by FEMA. 3 Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM's): :.• According to the National Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM's) Islamorada, Village of Islands has a variety of Flood Zones. These range from VE Zones (coastal flood with velocity hazard wave action) of 10-14 feet to X Zones (areas determined to be outside the 500-year floodplain or areas of 500-year flood; areas of 100-year flood with average depths of less than 1'; or with drainage areas of less than 1 square mile; and areas protected by levees from 100- year flood). In between are AE Zones (areas subject to flooding but not wave action) of mostly 6-10 feet. The different types of zones are located throughout the jurisdiction including Lower Matecumbe Key, Upper Matecumbe Key, Islamorada, and Plantation Key. The numbers represent "base flood elevations". This means that in order to be safe from a "100 year" flood event (1% chance of flooding to the specified level in each year) properties in these locations must have first floor elevations at or above the designated number values. Below Teatable Relief Channel there are sections of US Highway 1 that are in V-E zones of 9-14 feet, making them extremely vulnerable to storm surge. However, there are many stretches of the same roadway in parts of the Village that are designated X zones. According to the FIRM maps there is considerable contrast in flood zones in different parts of the Village. For example, Whale Harbor is very susceptible to surge at a Iocation of VE-14. Certain areas of Plantation Key including Plantation Key Colony subdivision and sections around Coral Shores High School are in X Zones. In one section near Mile -Marker 88, some land areas range from VE-14's on the Ocean side, to X zones along the highway, back to VE zones along the Bay side. There is an area in the Village, including sections of US 1, located near Mile -Marker 88 on the Ocean side, across the highway from the Bay side subdivision of Venetian Shores, that falls within the Coastal Barrier (special construction regulations and requirements). The differences in elevation in the Village present an interesting consideration for land use and emergency management planning. SPLASH Model An early model developed to determine storm surge values was called SPLASH (Special Program to List Amplitude of Surges from Hurricanes). This methodology was designed to calculate the height and duration of open coastline storm surge heights created by an approaching and land -falling storm. However, unlike its successor the SLOSH model, it assumed a generalized smooth coastline and does not consider the amplification of surge by a bay or estuary. The SPLASH values are provided as a standard of reference for the FIRM ratings and SLOSH values. The information is delineated in "time history points". These show the maximum surge height, by category of storm, that a selected location will receive. 4 M `.. The time history points for Islamorada, Village of Islands. depict the following: Point Projected Surge Cat 2 Projected Surge Cat 3 Projected Surge Cat 5 32 Lower Matecumbe 5 ft. 7 ft. 8 ft. Ocean side 33 Lower Matecumbe 7 ft. 9 ft. 10 ft. Bay side (offshore) 35 Upper Matecumbe 6 ft. 7 ft. 10 ft. Ocean side 37 Upper Matecumbe 6 ft. 7 ft. 12 ft. Ocean side Whale Harbor Bridge 39 Snake Creek Bridge 6 ft. 7 ft. 10 ft. Ocean side 41 Plantation Key 6 ft. 7 ft. 11 ft. Ocean side SLOSH Model: • As explained earlier, in the Vulnerability Assessment, after the SPLASH model, a surge modeling technique was developed called the SLOSH (Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) model. The SLOSH model added the ability to estimate the inland distribution of flooding to determine areas that may need to be evacuated. The margin of error associated with the SLOSH model is + or — 20%. The SLOSH model may be used to determine the MOM's (Maximum of Maximums) which are the worst case situations for each Hurricane Category taking into account all possible hurricane tracks. 5 Maximum of Maximums Values (MOM's) (worst case scenarios): `r.. MOM's available for the Islamorada, Village of Islands include Islamorada, Mile - Marker 82 and Mile -Marker 83.5 and Plantation Key Mile -Marker 88.5 and Mile - Marker 90. (The Director of Monroe County Emergency Management provided the information.) Maximum of Maximums (MOM's) for Islamorada Mile -Marker 82, Ocean Side Category Track Directions 1 2 3 4 5 WSW 4 5 7 8 9 W 4 6 7 9 10 WNW 4 6 7 9 10 NW 4 6 7 9 10 NNW 4 5 7 8 9 N 4 5 7 8 9 NNE 4 5 6 8 9 NE 4 6 7 8 ENE 3 5 6 7 8 E 3 4 6 7 8 Maximum of Maximums MOM's) for Islamorada Mile -Marker 83.5, Bay Side Category Track Directions 1 2 3 4 5 WSW 4 5 7 8 9 W 4 5 7 8 9 WNW 4 5 6 7 8 NW 3 4 6 7 7 NNW 3 4 6 7 8 N 3 4 6 7 8 NNE 3 5 6 7 8 NE 4 5 7 8 9 ENE 4 7 9 10 11 E 5 8 10 10 11 on Maximum of Maximums (MOM's) for Plantation Key Mile -Marker 88.5, Bay Side Category Track Directions 1 2 3 4 5 WSW 4 6 8 9 10 W 4 5 7 8 9 WNW 3 5 7 7 8 NW 3 5 6 7 8 NNW 3 5 6 7 9 N 3 5 7 8 9 NNE 3 5 7 8 9 NE 4 6 8 9 10 ENE 5 8 10 12 13 E 6 10 11 12 13 Maximum of Maximums (MOM's) for Plantation Key Mile -Marker 90, Ocean Side Category Track Directions 1 2 3 4 5 WSW 4 5 7 8 10 W 4 6 8 9 11 WNW 4 6 8 9 11 NW 3 4 6 7 7 NNW 4 6 7 9 10 N 4 5 7 8 9 NNE 4 5 7 8 10 NE 4 6 8 9 ENE 4 5 6 8 9 E 3 5 6 7 8 High Water Marks: High Water Marks were determined for Hurricane Georges (1998, Cat. 2) and Hurricane Donna (1960, Cat. 4) through the auspices of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The high water mark locations closest to Key Colony Beach for each storm are shown below. Reference Location Water Mark # Value (NGVD Lower Matecumbe Key Toll Gate Shores US 1 27 6.4' Lower Matecumbe Key Mile Marker 76.8 Matecumbe Ocean View 28 4.5' Upper Matecumbe Key Tea Table Key Mile -Marker 79.3 29 4.9' Windley Key Mile -Marker 85 30 5.1' Islamorada Whale Harbor Marina US 1 56 4.3' Upper Matecumbe Key Davis Shores Mile -Marker 77.8 87 6.1' Islamorada 80900 Coral Cove 88 4.7' *Reference locations are approximate. Photos of high water mark locations for Hurricane Georges are attached. 8 Reference Location Value (NGVD) Lower Matecumbe Key, Mile -Markers 74-77 Ocean side 8.32' Ocean side 9.54' Ocean side 10.94' Ocean side 10.44' Islamorada, Mile Markers 80-83 Ocean side 13.45' Ocean side 13.31' Ocean side 11.28 Ocean side 12.20' Bay side 3.96' Upper Matecumbe Key Mile -Markers 83-84 Ocean side 10.30' Ocean side 10.00, Ocean side 8.44' Bay side 10.57' Bay side 8.98' Plantation Key Mile -Markers 86-91 Ocean side 6.05' Ocean side 8.84' Bay side 6•28' Bay side 4.81' Bay side 3.63' *Reference locations are approximate. A map depicting high water marks for Hurricane Donna is attached. E Severe Weather History: Tornadoes • Available information indicates that areas within Islamorada Village of Islands have directly experienced significant tornado activity. These include the following: Sept. 2, 1967 $3,000 in damage August 25, 1969 $3,000 in damage August 7, 1976 $1,000 in damage August 16, 1981 $ 0 in damage (From Tropical Storm Dennis) June 2,1982 $6,000 in damage (From Tropical Storm Alberto) June 21, 1986 $4,000 in damage September 10, 1994 $2.000 in damage F-1 on Fujita Scale F-1 on Fujita Scale F-0 on Fujita Scale F-0 on Fujita Scale Lower Matecumbe Key Middle/Upper Keys Lower Matecumbe Key Plantation Key F-0 on Fujita Scale Plantation Key F-0 on Fujita Scale Plantation Key F-0 on Fujita Scale Islamorada Fortunately, no deaths or injuries are indicated for these tornadoes. (Information provided by Warning Meteorologist, National Weather Service (NWS), Miami.) The following is a brief explanation of the Fujita Tornado Scale: F-0 Gale Tornado F-1 Moderate Tornado F-2 Significant Tornado F-3 Severe Tornado F-4 Devastating Tornado F-5 Incredible Tornado F-6 Inconceivable Tornado Tropical Cyclones 40-72 mph winds 31-112 mph winds 113-157 mph winds 158-206 mph winds 207-260 mph winds 216-318 mph winds 319 mph —Mach 1 winds Islamorada has the sad distinction of being the landfall location for the strongest hurricane ever to strike the Continental United States, "the Labor Day Storm", September 10, 1935. The 1935 storm is among the most intense, costliest, and deadliest hurricanes on record. Descriptions of this and other major storm events that affected Islamorada are described below. • 1935, (Duration, August 29-September 10) - The small, extremely violent, Category 5 hurricane crossed the Florida Keys on a northwesterly track. The Tavernier-Islamorada area reported winds estimated at 120 mph with gusts from 190-210 mph. Tide levels in the Florida Keys ranged from 14 feet above MSL in Key Largo to 18 feet above MSL in 10 Lower Matecumbe Key. The storm was so intense and tightly wrapped that Key West had tide levels of only 2 feet above MSL and average sustained winds of less than 40 mph. 11#40, One of the most tragic aspects of the 1935 storm was the unfortunate death of many WWI veterans who were working on construction of Henry Flagler's Overseas Railroad. On display in the Monroe County Planning, Building, and Zoning Department in Plantation Key (MM 88.5) is an original accounting of "Total Known Dead" compiled by E.U. Woodward for Lt. Commander, William H. Green of the Veteran's Storm Relief. Shown below is graphic information detailed on the document: "Following Hurricane of September 2, 1935 Civilians Veterans Total Dead 164 259 Cremations Lower Matecumbe 82 Cremations Upper Matecumbe 136 Remainder buried or cremated by families, etc." The 1935 Keys Hurricane remains the strongest storm ever to hit the Continental United States. Monroe County has experienced 4 out of 6 (66%) of the most intense storms affecting the Continental US. • Hurricane Donna, 1960 (Duration, August 29-September 19) — Hurricane Donna curved northwestward over the Middle Keys near Long Key/Layton and then went north toward the Naples and Fort Myers on the Florida West Coast. Areas in the vicinity of the storm experienced wind speeds of 128 mph and a central pressure of 28.44 inches. Tide levels were reported at Upper Matecumbe Key of 13.5 feet above MSL, at Plantation Key 10+ feet above MSL, and 8.9 feet above MSL in Key Largo. As of 1992 Hurricane Donna, a Category 4 storm is listed as the 6`h most intense hurricane in the US. A "Historical Pictorial" about Hurricane Donna is included in the Attachments. • Hurricane Betsy, 1965 (Duration, August 26-Septmber 12) — Hurricane Betsy passed over Marathon while moving westward into the Gulf of Mexico. The lowest central pressure was measured in Tavernier at 28.12 inches and wind speeds were estimated to be 120 mph. Tide levels in Tavernier were 7.7 feet above MSL and Key Largo had tide levels of around 9 feet above MSL. Betsy was a Category 3 storm and is ranked 25`h in intensity. • More recently the Village experienced the effects of Hurricane Georges, which made landfall in the Lower Keys on September 25, 1998. Detailed information about this event is provided in the Vulnerability Assessment of the Local Mitigation Strategy. 11 ,*A, r- The Islamorada, Village of Islands provided the following Hurricane Georges Damage Assessment: Public: A. Debris Removal - $2.5 million B. Emergency Labor and Supplies - $12,000 C. Manning of EOC and Search and Rescue - $8,000 D. Waste Water Treatment System Repairs - $10,000 F. E. Storm Water Systems Repair - $10,000 Private: A. Non -City Private Property Damage — approximately $5 million minimum (wind and flood) B. Approximately 10% of all private residences received flood damage C. Fiberglass roof shingles and concrete tile roofs received approximately 5% wind damage. D. 5% of all structures received more significant flood, wave, and wind damage. Economic Damage A. All businesses were closed or severely restricted from operating due to structural damage and power outages. As of February 1999 several businesses were still repairing and rebuilding. B. Village -wide evacuation during Georges was 50%. C Businesses related to tourism and fishing and marine activities were most affected by Georges. Critical Facilities The following are locations of Critical Facilities including those on the Monroe County List: • Islamorada, Village of Islands Government Center • Monroe County Plantation Key Government Center • Monroe County Sheriffs Sub -Station, Plantation Key, 88770 Overseas Highway • Monroe County Plantation Key Public Works Complex, 186 Key Heights Drive • Islamorada Fire -EMS Station, 8150 Overseas Highway • Mariner's Hospital • United States Coast Guard Station, Islamorada, 183 Palmero Drive • Plantation Key Convalescent Center (Nursing Home), Plantation Key, 28 Highpoint Road • Florida Keys Electric Cooperative Sub -Station, Islamorada, 80571 Old Highway • Coral Shores High School, 89951 Overseas Highway • Island Christian School, Islamorada, 83400 Overseas Highway • Plantation Key Elementary School, Mile -Marker 90, US Highway 1 • Florida Keys Children's Shelter, Plantation Key, 73 High Point Road 13 Shelters/Refuges/Staging Areas: The following facilities located in the Islamorada, Village of Islands are used for Shelters, Refuges of Last Resort, and Staging Areas: Shelters • Plantation Key Elementary/Middle School, Mile -Marker 90, Plantation Key • Coral Shores High School, Mile -Marker 90 Plantation Key • Island Christian School, Islamorada Refuges • San Pedro Church MM 89-90, Plantation Key • St. James the Fisherman, Islamorada • Cheeca Lodge, Islamorada Staging Areas: • Coral Shores High School, MM 90 • Island Christian School, MM 83 N%.. Hazardous Materials Sites: • According to the Monroe County List of Section 302 Facilities (updated) there is one location for Islamorada. It is the Bell South Telecommunications Facility, Mile -Marker 83 Upper Matecumbe Key. Sulfuric Acid is the substance identified as being at that facility. Mobile Homes: According to the Village and the Monroe County List of Mobile/RV Parks (October 1995), the following mobile home/RV facilities are located within the jurisdiction of the Islamorada, Village of Islands: Islamorada: • Village Mobile Home Park, Mile -Marker 81.3, Gulf side • Coral Bay Trailer Court, Mile -Marker 81.9, Gulf side • Key Lantern Travel Trailer Park, Mile -Marker 82.1, Gulf side • Pelican Palms Trailer Park, Mile -Marker 82.8, Ocean side • Howells Junction, Mile -Marker 83.0, Ocean side • Village Mobile Park, 81648 Overseas Highway • Mannon's Trailer Park next to Tony's Auto Body 14 Windley Key: • Peaceful Palms Mobile Homes, Mile -Marker 84.5, Ocean side • Windley Key Trailer Park, Mile -Marker 85.1, Ocean side Plantation Key: • Facility located on Airstream Road across from Marlin Bay side • Sea Breeze Trailer Park, Mile -Marker 87.2, Ocean side • San Pedro Trailer Park, Mile -Marker 87.3, Ocean side • Plantation Tropical Park, Mile -Marker 90.4, Ocean side Marinas: The following marinas are located within Islamorada, Village of Islands: Lower Matecumbe: • Caloosa Cove Marina Islamorada: • Papa Joe's Marina, Mile -Marker 79.7, Gulf side • Bud N Mary's Marina, Mile -Marker 79.7, Ocean side • Lews Marina, Mile -Marker 80.5, Gulf side • Max's Marine, Inc., Mile -Marker 80.6, Gulf -side • Green Turtle Fish Market, Mile -Marker 81.3, Gulf side • Islamorada Fish Company, Mile -Marker 81.3, Gulf side • Caribe Boat Sales and Marina • Cobra Marine, Snake Creek • Coconut Cove Resort and Marina, Mile -Marker 84.8 Old Highway • Coral Bay Marina, Mile -Marker 81.2 • Estes Water Sports and Marina, Mile -Marker 83.9 • Holiday Isle Resorts and Marina, Mile -Marker 84 • Islamorada Boat Center, 81954 Overseas Highway • Islamorada Yacht Basin/Lorelei, Mile -Marker 82, US 1, Bay side • Matecumbe Marina, Mile -Marker 80 • Matecumbe Yacht Club, Mile -Marker 80.5 • Plantation Yacht Harbor Resort and Marina, Mile -Marker 87 Bay side • Robbies Marina, Mile -Marker 77.5 • Sea Isle Resort and Marina, 109 East Carroll Street • Smuggler's cove Marina, Mile -Marker 85.5 Bay side • Whale Harbor Marina, Mile -Marker 84 • World Wide Sportsmen Marina, Mile -Marker 81.5 15 Environmental Resources/Vegetation: (The Islamorada Planning Department through the Draft Comprehensive Plan provided much of the information in this section.) According to the Conservation Element of the Islamorada Village of Islands Draft Comprehensive Plan the Village has a variety of environmentally significant areas. These include the following: • Within Islamorada there are two types of saltwater wetlands, mangrove forests, and slat - marsh buttonwood wetlands. There are no freshwater wetlands. • Mangrove Wetlands. The majority of the wetland areas found in the Village are mangrove forests, which are generally located on the shoreline. These Mangrove Wetlands consists of red, black, and white mangroves. Mangrove wetland areas are comprised of diverse salt tolerant plants that serve as habitat and food sources for a range of aquatic species. Mangrove areas can serve as buffers against storm effects. • Salt Marsh/Buttonwood Wetlands Salt marshes, which are, characterized by salt -tolerant herbs, shrubs, and grasses and serve as transitional areas between the mangrove fringe and the wetland areas. Buttonwood areas contain a rich diversity of plants and can border areas occupied by tropical hardwoods. • Tropical Hardwood Hammocks Islamorada is fortunate that the natural topographic configuration of islands has favored development of large stands of hardwoods. High hammocks that occur on slightly elevated and drier grounds are more common in the Upper Keys than low hammocks. Among the tree species found in hardwood hammocks are Mahogany, Pigeon Plum, Gumbo -Limbo, Jamaica Dogwood, and Poisonwood. Lignum Vitae Key and the State Geological Site on Windley Key are examples of two well- preserved hammocks. Fairly well preserved hammock areas are located on Plantation Key and Upper and Lower Matecumbe Keys. • According to the Draft Comprehensive Plan, the "beach/berm formation in the Florida Keys is relatively infrequent, with natural beaches found from Upper Matecumbe Key southward. Within Islamorada naturally formed beaches occur between Mile -Marker 83 and Mile -Marker 81 on Upper Matecumbe Key, and along the entire ocean side of Lower Matecumbe Key. 16 • The Draft Conservation Element explains: "Two of the aquatic habitats that serve important ecological functions' for Isamorada's environment are the coral reefs and seagrass beds located in water offshore of the Village. The mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrass beds surrounding Islamorada provide an important habitat for may species of fish. Some fish are dependent on mangroves for their juvenile states and then migrate to seagrass beds and/or coral reefs after maturing. other fish species use these resources on a seasonal basis. These resources provide abundant food and shelter for a myriad species of fish, sea turtles, and invertebrates." Endangered Species • According to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental Services there are records of several rare, threatened, or endangered plants and animals that have been documented in the vicinity of Islamorada. These include the least tern, roseate spoonbill, and wading bier rookeries. In addition, the Village contains habitat suitable for white crowned pigeons, tri-colored heron, roseate spoonbill, reddish egret, little blue heron, white ibis, brown pelican, snowy egret, red -rat snake, Florida Keys mole skink, loggerhead turtle, Florida tree snail, least tern, eastern indigo snake, Key Largo cotton mouse, and piping plover. • Locations designated as State and Federal "Special Management Areas" (State and Federal) located in Islamorda: Florida Keys Marine Sanctuary (comprehensive designation) Everglades National Park Lignum Vitae Key State Botanical Site Long Key State Park Windley Key Fossil Reef State Geological Site San Pedro Underwater Archaeological Preserve Historic, Cultural, and or Archeological Resources • Several locally designated historic, cultural, and/or archaeological resources or National Register Properties are located within the Villages of Islamorda. Listed below are areas provided by the Historic Florida Keys Foundation, Inc. that are designated under Article 8 of the Monroe County Code as Archaeological, Historical, and/or Cultural Landmarks. Also identified are sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Windley Key Fossil Reef State Geological Site Hurricane Monument, MM 81.5, Islamorada, National Register Indian Key, National Register Lignum Vitae Key, National Register 17 ATTACHMENTS FOR ISLAMORADA VILLAGE OF ISLANDS VULNERABILITY ,,` PROFILE 1. Offshore Configuration Map (Source is "Cruising Guide to the Florida Keys", 1998, Captain Frank Papy, Bluffton, SC) 2. Photos of Hurricane Georges High Water Marks (Source as shown on photographs is Sea Systems Corporation for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District.) 3. Map of Hurricane Donna High Water Marks (Source is the National Hurricane Center, Miami, FL) 4. Real Time Map of Hurricane Georges Events (Source is Monroe County Emergency Management.) 5. Hurricane Donna Historical Pictorial 18 • While this Profile was being finalized Hurricane Irene (October 15, 1999), a Category 1 Hurricane, hit Monroe County. The Hurricane changed direction and came with very little warning. Because of the storm's motion and direction, while over the Keys, the Upper Keys were most affected by its winds. Damage figures and information regarding the impact of Hurricane Irene on the Islamorada, Village of Islands are still being determined. Hurricane Georges Real -Time Information: • During Hurricane Georges the Monroe County Emergency Management Director maintained a map of events as they occurred. Off shore of Upper Matecumbe a 3% 4' sailboat was reported as sunken. Near Mile -Marker 84 damage to road signs, numerous trees down, and flooding close tot the highway were reported. A section of a Monroe County map depicting this is included in the Attachments. Damage: The following is an account of damage Islamorada Village of Islands as reported in a special edition of the Miami Herald, September 27, 1998: • Lower Matecumbe Key Storm surge cut across the highway covering it with sand, chunks of concrete, seaweed, and wood pilings. Bulldozers have cleared a pathway for emergency vehicles. Water standing a foot high inside houses. • Windley Key Oceanside docks and tiki huts mostly destroyed at Holiday Isle, but Marina okay. Air conditioning unit at the Dive and Swim Center dangling off the roof by its copper piping. • Upper Matecumbe Key Surfboard came to rest in the front parking lot of the Fishing Fleet restaurant. • Islamorada Shoreline Motel lost 50-foot section of aluminum facing from its roof. Basketball goal post tipped over on the side of the road. One oceanside cottage at Cheeca Lodge (mile -marker 82) lost some roofing. At Island Christian School, a large ficus toppled and crushed a chain link fence. • Plantation Key Many mobile homes flooded at Ocean San Pedro Trailer Park. 12 9 � 7 �F o :neW?zt�;.ti�7, '\KliJl LOWER MATECUMBE NAVIGATE BY CHART NO. C S G 5 1'1449 APPROXIMATE SCALE Q 9 N 41 MATECUN 7 HARBOI - 1 - 10/%"R''" ti 1 : 2 0 J-PLATFO 4.. N RO8RIDG # �. �. 3 5 f +.r'•.�� •, -+- VERT.CI tU Fi 4 12tj /•. - - ...-r 6 J LW* up at dr dlwn in err bigwhnr 6w1di.11t } E'6 '�••..- B ./ .•F.�c ,Lk T"(i..Good meal and di 4m wt z;.lcaekyr+. 9 7 ' . � • � 3 � . 10 loC Cov! t 0 t 0 - 1 ^ 9 1 ' B ky'�.tiw ..�•"'ti'>•%• 7- , . ' . • - - -\. 11 14 15 15 11 n ' Apwo\. 79 mi1K ' ;e ROCK 1: from Miami a •. __--.- ARTISTS SKETCH - NOT FOR NAVIGA I -ION , CRANE A KEYS NAVIGATE BY CHART NO. C & G S IWl t PLANTATION KEY APPPOY.IMATE EAST i \"wo• - - - -6 \ \" Some shoaling g i 3 COTTON\ - in this ansa. KEYIt Take itFlighTde _`: r CROSS 5 "" �.\ _ 5 g - BANK 5 6 . fi - \ 5 5 6.�. - _ 's1 - _ - - 7 sign has no s 5. - 1 - - - . n*OhL Use c�ufion t /��.-when..Pysurg- 7 6 Y6 5� S'2/yy� 7 ¢ F • PfLf \t - 7 * T �"a Fiiset - _`R -.5 1.�°a t' _ Y�.� "-a 6 " COTTON KEY BASIN \I6 EtIt +, PIEE A 6 f R 4 ' 'LO PTEE a COWPENS COT . ...... .... N\ FA I 3v wAS rm I-s > A bZ 1314N AM' > 0 Ar, pN CD > > 7Z � > ZArri cc KEY f - UPPER " \ f r,ROSS FANw V RAMSSHORN SHOAL- f i \ PIGEON 1 •,� F a 6 : - -o - 1651 If, tt ft ':0",-R.. a fib 7 .•RAMSNORN.\.` r CUT f'.. 7. j 'IA R� �t62A '. T•1l'CRMEK %. 6•- --5 a -2l*i"-� .- 6 .......moo �•" .. .�.. .. .. - Yacht Chat" .._ _ . t t._ .u, „x...- 41n at k uar Tape SO` Lcm 2 Y sa wat riRgiag r T tom, t- 1OI'v1 7 mMeKM Vol N'1 00YE i" TAVERNIER ._- '• - HARBOR, 4 2_ 2 s 2 a _ a _ 3 -- 4 1 u 7 5 ._' -t 4 .Ric Goad hold.%Wwnd �'; 4 - ♦ 7 'NOTE: \ _'`y. t 1 g.._ 5 -'-� 6 - - 5 Go ashore on small 7 t0 dock to ocl t i the hlo Qrartd KEY.- 8 ' 7 t to 13 /0 14 \ 11 R4— ;? to 7 g- f 16 h "2" 13 14 It 14 is 16 16 H A W K C H A N N E L 79 zo 21 14 71 , _ ••39•• 21 17 19 t9 _ t0 it t0 ? APPROXIMATE SCALE 0 SS 1 IrD s 21. 22 7 iQ 7 NAVMA rF BY CHAR T NQ C L G S f t&t H i ARTIST'S SKETCH — NOT FOR NAWGATION i U 10 ,3j. s 8 IM Florida Keys. September 1998 t4 7 Al" % 4 A JK i� 0� - im� 4 Z' A� L 7 er High Water Mark Number: Taken By: High Water Mark Elevation: Date Taken: (feet, NGVD) High Water Mark Type: Latitude (NAD 83): Surge or Still: Longitude (NAD 83): �O USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Lower N11atec...—nue ,"ey. r, ci,, Nearest Town: ees. Miorida Address: Remarks: it debris line along the Sr- side e c; Reach 7 f`lorida High Water MarkS PoSt Goor(JeS rinvine L Sea Systems Corporation liurr•icalle (IC01-41eS — Florida Keys, September- 1998 High Water Mark Number: High Water Mark Elevation: (feet. NGVD) i Latitude (NAD 83): Longitude (NAD 83): USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Nearest Town: Address: Remarks: f,;.f I I :utt i•�r l ! South F= onda Higr. `Nater Marks Post "3eorye, Taken By: Date Taken: High Water Mark Type: Surge or Still: f 1� arrr-icalle ( Y'c or ges — Florida Kee s.-Septtrirt ber• 1998 ` TZ �:;{_.ki. • i - YC s i'F Ae2a{ � "` i "/ 9 r � EEC �4 p�^yt � .�• �:. High Water Mark Number: High Water Mark Eievation: (feet. NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): Longitude (NAD 33). USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Nearest Town: Address: Remarks: South Florida Hugh Water Marks Post Georges Taken By: Date Taken: High Water Mark Type Surge or Still: i sea systenc, :urporauun 1-li�rE•i<<i«t. '()t• t'� — Florida pees. tieplem ber 1998 w Ali, ac r r� y as am.r .aa•a :r, ` s f P } ,f -->•� C High Water Mark Number: High Water Mark Elevation: (feet. NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): Longitude (NAD 83): Taken By Date Taken: High Water Mark Type: Surge or Still: USES 7.5 Minute Ouadrangle Sheet: �t Nearest Town: Address: Remarks: South Florida High Water Marks Post Georges Sra '7ylteo),, rporali ,, c - -icalle (reel•(jes — Florida hey,, k*�el)leIIIbcr l p)(s >.A MW High Water Mark Number: High Water Mark Elevation: (feet, NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): Longitude (NAD 83): Taken By: Date Taken: High Water Mark Type: Surge or Still: USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Upper iv'atec:L.n be ;Key. ` lorida Nearest Town: Florid Address Remarks: debris line along the south sid-: R/ jvest of th Suulh Florida Hugh Water Marks Post Georges Sea �yslems Corporation Hurricane Florida Keys. Septt'i11ber 1998 y� s'bx.3 � is¢�'�eG'o4'vr.FAe r � �o IL 44 'i � M-1 Y. ' ♦ _ J �p.p ""tea": y..® a .:-:a Si.i. High Water Mark Number: Taken By: High Water Mark Elevation: Date Taken: (feet. NGVD) High Water Mark Type: Latitude (NAD 83): Surge or Still: . Longitude (NAD 83) USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Upper r !,atec;,.mbe K4?y. Florida Nearest Town: Address: Remarks: ,.vest face (front) of the first along Old US South Florida Nigh Water Marks - Pvst Georges m nicirrra Sea Systems Corporation Hurricane Ceorges — Florida Ke.k's, September 1998 - W - -ft- It thw W High Water Mark Number: High Water Mark Elevation: (feet, NGVD) Latitude (NAD 83): 2-1 5:16 Longitude (NAD 83): 30 36 kit w :�I- 4V Iv, Taken By: -ja SySle-o-, Date Taken: High Water Mark Type: Surge orStill: USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Sheet: Plantation Kt;,i. Flor'-_fa Nearest Town: _:,i;..i.--t. Florida Address: _iiyIh1,vAy 1 (ili!) -iie Harbor Marina) Remarks: p; k e a s h, e- r agri-ji-i nd at debris line along SE side of US i iqnvi I I FS 0 f* c f -h over Wha!;-� C, AA South Florida High Water Marks Post Georges Sea Systems Corporation lC:)TToN • _ a^` _ -.i -�� KEY B A Y r C� P J�EY i -, W NOLEr �. �+ ; PL ANTAT I O Fi i '-_Wit rr�� KEY. _ r. ,.J EN�NnE� � L A N � h b•n• o[�• RY•1'/ N I4.na-onf• n�.. OMLJ•e O• I,,{/iMrwy /MD Ift0-1 ..— Oltpl [ a( Map Section of Real Time Events Hurricane Georges, September 25, 1999 (Developed by Monroe County Emergency Management Director) &TATE KIONWgY SYSTEM UPPER KEYS PAGE 4 0 HISTORICAL PICTORIAL If there is any humor left in this country today, it's in the mudv-ille left by Hurricane Don- na the Florida Keys. A A pater !car- re - and for m in hing, lurri- and I gut- s, de- aurts, and trail I -Mile more JI on y and thing, _tA to Mg to rm. in ,it-, of winds Miles -jither "am- I deslittle On Nvbil( A Freeboofin' Newspaper What Covers What's Leff Among the flattened build- ings, the standing skeletons, the gutted and untouched, was -population undaunted by themost most ferocious storm ever to strike the U. S. main- land. Daylight Saturday put the finishing touches to what was 3M m .sr a I already i;ii. nightmare. Only as stark reality. n who remained " to ride persons the storm realized what really had happened out - .Id . I r 1smashedAnold man sat crying on a to"Pw 7 fence. UJ A titan with a broken leg Vol. V111 - No. 30 (Keynoter) — Vol. I - No. 51 (sun) THURSDAY. SEPTE - MIBER gslamerada Ocean Ict Hit LAY Hardes PC whimpered In the littered streets. This was the thing that always happens to the other I-r -1, fellow — on e tables were turned. B.Z)at rentals once gaily decor- ated with sea skiffs were smashed beyond recognition. Boats were hurled roughly overland by wind -pushed water. Hours before there were houses, businesses. Now there were few. There was at first talk of quitting the town. This soon faded The strong would not con- sider such a move - Then the humor faded. 15. 1960 Those who lost the most wore the cheerful face. It was and is a standing — and grim — joke as to who lost OMZS the most. Front H Humor gripes were aired about soup kitchens. For in a matter of minutes the banker, the shrimper, the 0 alter, the lawyer and the vlean Down clergy were of the same cir- cumstances - "'XI,_. I n.,.d completely w, re i,i,,w. Tlw -1 "; . :, i,' :.1 1 wo It-troye(Ithst system of various ideas "pen late f"Ilu'killv 0, .1 social levels hnniv -Adentic,t • storm all(I wind .,�i et wasLime . . . a time after It was a sad Thalur l .1 'HY satilrd.1" -,y ougt to thank God ... a iline to weep a time to smile - time .1.1� n, qlw kket -e de_ to rt-membpr a time to for- Ah-'r -,Tit ,re in-mil-11, "I Qt A !)oiina Shore Show grim ltuc;( over, a-.-- the aftermath. 1-jilwd up if.ixxx. Damaue e its A i1110P. ,,FIX Ovol'',I� Ili, -I 'A , V.1, -aid tie ....... , fr;end' the 1�16-tda th.- Gillf Y','et) Well C',:I, i sYsterol ii! St.- Len a ::round. !,-in I,:..; been 4_vttmat,. I feaster 1, _ - rid wa;, S it coopoo by Genera :,corm Rettxtntr nes is less. he!, Th,- !.!sl 11.1 likines Phillips. the zo-ime prow,l J: the rnk It been f r ii :It I to W 111, tied I)v water which car. gangs tg. dollars Georgia and ng I ried 1,egan A shortage f 1,01:1e vial Ina. I worlh ,f antiques Wilici-, he' I i1Irr1'_! tes may delay rt- tairs. thv a - I I'l. numbering 95. Al', flaner familv ,non the day after the I longed 10 the c�;nv 1)unrial struck. rlI..n;1ger wwnea. �r Motel was tom -,Power plant Tavernler'ti power Was TC- ttt and The Marathon Sher furniturel the gtoj in's titiwed 20% hour% aft(-r the ur- -er many square blocks 1 pia out through ricane passed throuwh. Trans- 13 of Istreplans were all duration. -aid mif"Itin line damage there was M_ N.Wd nounced early this week that 1,hi.A wasn't an accident,, small. 3 74% rebuilding would begin as soon Phillips, -the plant was de"Ign, ) 74% a, possible. ed to be hurricane "proof." "The situation is getting back 1 85% One building at the Olney Inn The system lost 45 tran!', to normal." stated Phillips. r*1 "People are beginning to gripe ) 87% literally exploded with the two misAtin structures In the Man- - a little. 3 77% halves coming to rest about 75 thon area alone. The poles were •D I "Actually;' , 84% rl,_Ivned to withstand 140 mile ActUall . " be said. "the pea Tots S-hould Evacuate Epidemic fears are growing urnong disaster area doctors. Today, they strongly advised that ail women and children be immediately evacuated from the Florida Keys. Men not involved in recon- struction should also leave. The Red Gass is making grants for those who n—d fl' nancial assistance. Morethan 5,000 persons were fed Wednesday at the Red Cross I food center. 'Mw -Presents more people than the 19M ten - - t a`� > 1L -,AARK Olney Inn, • favorite vacation IsIamoraA_4.4or—t+re Xn Acknowledgmeni -ianks for the pictures and narro!ive In this n Hur; icane Donna g,. iargely to the photo- s and repxorte-; of The Keyn-_ ter with a assist from The `.an off newsmen ;>f brJil were in ck of the torrn �•;,. :>•,.t! ,_ _,n'!t . •,ports chid Is ✓ith communications and transportation at -idstill following the September 10, 1960, earliest news reports were made available Harry S Truman, was !eft a shambles by Donna. The n,e >! disheartening loss scores of .realms. However, this rt could not h_,ve . een r_:i without the t r our firmds - •Jmoieur and .-)!essirNlal. Publicat,on i t (_ , axles Fi D,e-ti F r in V 'ltt` TH` {=ICTURES IN THIS _ ` K WERE TAKEN BY: Keynoter Staffers Sun Staffer Charies H. Deal Clarence Sallee ;: h,� Watts Other Contributors "r f.v d l� BEFORE AND AFTER -- At left is Blueberry Hill Rc�,:uront on Indian Key fiii, restored after the 1935 hurricane, pictured bej;,rr. Hurricane Donna •.I, Ck. Eelow, only rem- c' the foundation ;'ings remain after Don- n" possed through Note l .Il;-ad ties at left, part of F E C. railway track skirting property. Aas AM r.ef A '. DISASTER STRUCK the Voco Cut Bridge after the hurricane when a run- away borge smashed the pipeline and several of the span's concrete pil- lars. View at left shows pipe relaid on bridge of ter accident, photo below shows the ruptured pi- lings broken at the water- line and dangling. J \ 1 � , (W CLEANING -UP Donna's mess, left, was a task requiring weeks of diligent work. trees, houses, furniture and olmost every- thing imaginable littered streets and. roadsides Federal aid assisted in finan- --ing some of the work. V 1 It r =PHONE LINEMEN, electric co- ative personnel and Navy pipe- ,s restored utilities to most resi s within two weeks of Donno's w strous visit. Forty-five power •`� � _ � �.-. '3 `�,�" S. — tested tc withstand 145 i winds — were toppled in the -athon area alone.# _ 71 a %.ter.. �,. � " .'r k THIS 13EAUTIFUL HOME on the Gulf was practically demolished by Hurricane Donna. ►NIVA—Worst Storm In U. S. History ricane Donna, most destructive tropical the history of the United States Weather was spawned n the Atlantic Ocean off of Africa, near Dakar, on Aug. 29. <ing winds cf 130 miles per hour it crossed ntic and raged through the Windward assing nortt, of Puerto Rico on Sept. 5, winds stepped up to 150 miles per hour northwe� ::y west for the Bahama Islands hurricane in history was ever more widely horoughly publicized thon Hurricane Dan- �pt 7, the m,ami Weather Bureau worried he hurr:c c,iu continued on its course it ike tl,e '-': r;;.'.: Key area urricnne . !ert' was orcered fcr the Keys late. follow,n•; .i Thursday, Sept 8, the Has changed to a full-fledged hurricane warning The dread flags, red with block squares, were hoisted at 1 I a at six points in the Greater Morothon area That day, Marathon's official weather ob- server. Laurence Campbell, warned that Donna was l ;:s in., through "hurricane alley" between Cuba ';,:d FI._ri:.'a and was heoding straight for the Key-,. P—r 0 rr ALL DAY THURSDAY AND FRIDAY Finrida Ke. ' r: tents busied themselves boarding uo busi- r,es5 f l _ _ _ , c ind h -,me-, `-,me elected to � tay, about `n tit" , .,nr ,:f t;rr,;, r , living in the are-) from to T:,.r, n:nr � .cked hurriedly and d... e u.er in Honn(_,te-,i er Miami. i?v wa`, Q .%,n:l`,' dov, with skies over'cst, �ii•.: :.,n.i from rhr n-rOnw•est at 16 m.p ii .end f,)u! t.:•_,t ,ea,, at �. rrmbrero Key Lighthouse, five rni le, :.f f Morothon, on the edge of the Gulf Stream. L L \.. Shortly after dawn, members of the Keynoter off forced open a side door and, after consider - )le coaxing, got twu cars started. One car headed est on U. S. I and the other east Marathon was a shambles. Giant new creosoted )les, designed to withstand hurricane winds up to 50 miles per hour, had been snapped in half, or Fisted as if by a monster hand. Light and telephone ires littered the highway and side streets The destruction was appalling Hemes and -fice buildings had been unroofed and ripped )art. House trailers were shattered, ^ne trailer )rk was a jumble of wreckage with not one mobile )me escaping. G —x O—x CABIN CRUISERS and commercio! fishing )ats were riding the highway, one fast Cabin job id washed clear across U S I and was sitting )right on the lot in front of the American. Legion -jilding. Directly across from the Legi.;n building, arathon's ceiored sectivn, ''The was still ider �evera! feet f w ;ter '-e buried uncle; ::ter ar,d dcb', Boyles' B,-.o`•, ..:1 here u_<< hnd ,sight refuge fr( •,) 1)• viu, .vc' f des- ,ction cllmi)>1 be, . . - rl-ei c' :ter" jury yoc^,t" 11,11 :rt " %%cre mbled togetn.,r :n a s.>! hulls, rn Su-er >In-,ctu 1s1 _(J ted ofts and trm;e'!er,, Morath ri , h; l(^,t m.')tel n -h are cated on the Gulf side of the 1 hence lught the full fury of the almost ithout exception devastated by the wend and )suing waves Damage to some ran as high as MARKET survived storm but was ordered put to torch by health officer be- cause of food contomino- tion coupled with threuts of disease. docks lighthouse, visible for many miles by land or sea, still stood although its connecting dock was washed away. A 70-ft. luxury yacht and two charter boats had foundered and sunk in the basin Trees, wires, poles, and signs were down oil over the downtown section. Mattresses and furni- ture, which had floated out of homes and business establishments, littered the highway. Evidences of cyclonic forces within the hurri- cane come to light as The Keynoter survey team pressed eastward. In several sections between down- t-;wn Marathon and Marathon Shores huge light poles had been ripped uut for stretches as if the wind had struck with irresistible ferocity in certair spots and skipped others. O--x O•--x NIGHTFALL SATURDAY found the Ficrida Keys area from Seven -Mile Bridge to Tavernier without lights, water and in many individual instances without transportation During the day news filtered in that the water pipeline F,ad Leer, washed out in at least five places, with one gap of more than 1,000 feet at Teo Table Bridge, south of Islamorado. Navy crews arrived from Key West (:unng the day, set up on emergency canteen at me :'Aara- than Fire house and began feeding the stricken c )rnmun,ty. Other Navy crews continued through to Tea Table Bridge and began the monumental task not only of restoring the washed out pipeline but of installing an emergency bridge to carry traffic acress the devastated span. Along with the Navy come a detachment of U. S. Marines, who took over the job of patrolling the Marathon area to keep down pilfering, prowl- ina and looting of homes and business houses, I 1.7 � r tS x4 "• �,e� b 4 El i' �. ...�a /,. _� •�` s :,�'� may. .. �. '^'I ... ,. c. - Y _ �. � :'� 1 ■ �i � � Y► ILL -� I �� \ � M Y Y RIAL VIEWS, snapped from a helicopter Beach apartments on Key Colony Bee- turday, the day the hurricane abated, gave ted by the wind. Below, the north apt :iphic evidence of tornadic force within the to Tea Table Bridge near Islcmorada, sh iirling winds. Photo at top shows the Sun, et gep in bridge. (Official Navy P _ E N T SENTINEL — �ckage frames the morada h u r r i c a n e nument following Don- s deadly dance. The nument was dedicated the dead and the cour- �ous of the Labor Day 3 5 storm in which Orly 400 died. AI - )ugh Donna's w i n d s re higher and destruc- n more widespread, ly four perished. WF.;a SUNKEN YACHT was hefted from bottom of con•ol following tropical block- HURRICANE DONNA IN THE UPPER KEYS WORST HURRICANE, since the ill -famed iy blew In 1935, Dcnno reeled the Upper k on their heels, but not for long of the occple who stClVed On the Upper Joy night, Sept 9, 1960, were somewhat -ed at sitting out hurricanes or were well 1. Thl;, and o lot of luck, hove been credi- he little loss of life when the winds ap- g 200 miles per hour cressed this narrow islands separating the Gulf of Mexico and Ocean. ny of those who stayed were in the hurri- Iters at the old county building and Meth- .jrch in Islomorada, the Florida Keys Clinic -ida Keys Electric Cooperative warehouse nier and the Key Largo Fire House. Others d in their homes, motels or business build- :h they considered to be safe a path ;•f Ole veering storm kept the Upper the dongerous northeast quadrant as it approached and the eye passed over the y a re•a LEPHONE SERVICE In Islomorado was cut tly after midnight, but a few telephones in er and some above were operative through re storm and ofterword •ctrlcal service was dlsrL,: '•'d a? different I the vcrious ports ,' the oreo, but portions -iorada still had electricith o late as 1:30 :)pro>:,mateh Cn hDur before the worst port term rods oI c'upled with vlc ,nod --es n,:•ped frc,rr. ^ulldings, blew -ees -nd st-ve in �%lndl-,wc 6:� cars and walls eve wavy ; CS 1 ? `cot to Inundate )w areas w ,ere C.'u;: tuck up fter ro�)fs, _;rs and win;lj,.•s had been rip- !n, swirling "^ter swept r�xms of many bulld- ,d homes c!e.n corr-ong kitchen applionces, ire, cl )th:ng cord valued p• �ssessions of hun- ,f families irt� the streets, r7,ongrove thickets en Into the Fl rido Goy and the Islands off /eight was little deterrent to the great forces .ire which carried refrigerator-, automobiles U S NAVY PHOTO me pec�le. in -lading members of the Por- F'.,e•, ,An staff ..I-),: •toyed to report the e.ent, sere T, -ed to oban:f:%n their shelters and -leek r;;gher :jround as water r—e, roofs blew off or walls coilop-ed FIVE CHARTER BOATS tied securely at the 'jrl ic,,oged `✓ ;ndley Key were ripped from their rY� •orrngs and. trewn as far as Jewflsh Creek where -j fisherman caught Capt. Henry Clifford's Snowbird II as it was about to float across the Overseus Highway Ocean front buildings caught the brunt of the _torm it, the Upper Keys Most of the buildings on or near the beach were gutted or completely des- troyed 7 ME J its furniture strewn for miles. -hesopeake Seafood House, which opened a year before the storm, was smashed less antiques and curios washed into the s. Green's Acre Motel, Breezy Palms, /e, LaOrilla, Barothy Lodge and others on front were severely damaged. -ly 700 treasured palm trees on Olney kept grounds were ruined by the storm. dley Key had the appearance of a bomb- nmunity. Many buildings were completely ?rs ripped apart or set askew by the storm a background of leafless trees and bush - a desolate, war -torn look led and twisted house trailers and smash- .1gs blocked the Oversees Highway on Key. Hardest hit were the Sea Breeze ark which was completely wiped out, Lodge, Blackman's garage and other nearby. FS WERE RIPPED OFF other homes on n Key and some buildings were torn t the Coral Shores School and the Son holic Church escaped virtually unharmed n front property in Tavernier suffered a of damage and the Paul Albury home ted in the middle of the old highw(v, The Troller Park next door was almost de- ,rfront hares in the vicin;ty of 1 orris hard hit as were those up the cr-ist in ,or the Sea Side wages of the storm were still severely felt go and on up to the county line Manda- Camp was among the hard hit victims of the homes fronting on the ocean on U. S. NAVY PHOTO Lower Matecumbe Key were demolished or badly damaged. Many other buildings on the long, nar- row keys were damaged. Craig was struck by the full force of the hurri- cane. Wooden buildings were ripped from their foundations and rocks from the sea wall were tos- sed to the highway's edge. Donna blasted Long Key, destroying part of a motel and a number of buildings on the island while sparing others with little or no damage. ALL OF THE KEYS were left without water or electricity, making the clean up more difficult. Some water in the storage tanks was saved, but much of it drained out through broken lines. In spite of the heavy damage caused by hurri- cane Donna, there was no confusion and residents began making an immediate comeback A spirit of which the entire nation could be proud kept the Keys people going full speed with plans and preparations for recovery and a bigger and better season than ever. Many of the motels and restaurants were never completely out of busi- ness and took to the task of helping those who had no homes or places to cook. They supplied rooms for the army of telephone and electric utility workers to rebuild thousands of miles of downed wires, hun- dreds of insurance adjustors and workers who came in to help rebuild Other busine,,ses were quick to come back or make preparations to rebuild and mary residents moved into makeshift shelters while their homes were being repaired or rebuilt. Through the entire rebuilding period, the main goal was to rebuild bigger and better in time for the winter season so as not to disappoint the winter vacationers. Wol; HOUSES ON STILTS were supposed to be best pro- tection against a hurricane, but this one on Grassy Key proved second best to Donna. Wind toppled this dwelling like a house of cards. z on varied shown in 3tos. Top, lers clog a i Marathon k. At right, -s push the pairing the reline in the !ys Lower +s debris in before .rk started. �tJ ht�{ti1�t iygt{101 ` - 4 ...W ns Attachment 1, Additional Maps Hurricane Donna High Water Marks Map, 1960 Hurricane Frequency Over Decades Real -Time Map Hurricane Georges County Map with Offshore Waters a,. Attachment 2 W - t< Third and Fourth Deliverables Period "� ,z Minutes of Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group Meetings Attachment 3 Hurricane Donna Historical Pictorial n To: Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group From: Janice Drewing, Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Consultant Date: September 27, 1999 Subject: Notice and Working Group Meeting and Minutes of Wednesday August 25, 1999 NOTICE The last meeting of the Working Group was Wednesday, August 25, 1999, (Minutes follow). The meeting scheduled for September 151h was canceled because of the threat from Hurricane Floyd. Since that time, the County experienced Tropical Storm Harvey on September 21,1999. Because of increased tropical activity, the Department of Community Affairs has extended the deadline for submission of the Third and Fourth Mitigation Strategy deliverables to the end of October. Due to scheduling conflicts, the next meeting of the Working Group will be held on Wednesday, October 20, 1999, 10:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. at Key Colony Beach City Hall (lunch on me). In the interim, the revised Hazard Identification Section and the Vulnerability Assessment will be mailed to the Group next week for review and comment. (If there are still comments outstanding on the Hazard Identification Section previously submitted to the Group, please provide me with them no later than Monday, October 4. 1999). In addition, completed Municipal Profiles will be submitted to the cities for their review prior to distribution to the entire Group. Finally, the Group will be receiving a revised Project Prioritization List based on changes made at the August 25`h meeting. After review of these documents, comments should be sent to me prior to the October 20d' meeting. It will be our last meeting before completion of the Third and Fourth Deliverables. Final revisions will be incorporated into the document before its submission by October 31". Note: The meeting scheduled for October 20, 1999 was canceled due to Hurricane Irene. The previous meeting scheduled for September 15, 199 was canceled because of Hurricane Floyd. As such, the minutes of August 25, 1999 are the last minutes written during the 2nd and P LMS deliverables period. Completion of the Second and Third LMS Deliverables activities including final review of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment and final prioritization of the Mitigation Initiatives was completed through the use of mailings, faxes, and phone calls. Group members should be highly commended for their valiant efforts `under fire". NNW Vow, Minutes of Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group, August 25, 1999: (Shaded areas indicate specific activities required by the LMS process.) The Monroe County LEIS Working Group met in open public forum in the Upper Keys on August 25, 1999, at the AARP Building, MM 88.5 Plantation Key. In attendance were working group members Jerry O'Cathey, Monroe County Emergency Management, Chairperson, Annalise Mannix-Lachner, City of Key West Manager of Engineering Services, Jim Martin, Administrator for the City of Layton, Mary Hensel, Innerspace Dive Shop/Seacamp, William Wagner III, Islamorada Fire Chief, Nancy Graham, American Red Cross, and Jeff Barrow, Monroe County School Board, and Janice Drewing, Consultant. In addition, Mr. Hal Heim and Mr. Arthur Terzian attended from the public. Nancy Graham offered a revision to the minutes from the August 11`" meeting. Her name had been left off the attendance roster. This correction has been made to the August 11 '� meeting minutes. Comments were requested from the Group on the'Drafft H( distributed at the :last meeting.' Some comments were prof members said they were still reviewing the HI and would': was discussion about the ongouig Vulnerability Assessme: the approach to be taken for the Risk Analysis TheGrou1 consultant should emphasize ,that the risk:tb Monroe Coup weather and its effects, is shared :equally among all areas c municipality has its vulnerability indicators, common risk comparably vulnerable to severe.weather events In additi correspondent effects on the entire population.`, Ms Drewi when finalizing .the Risk Analysis Section of theot antification-Section ►wever„several �f the Keys A factors make 1 such events`can have will apply this strategy The Group then reviewed the pnoriitization of the mitigation initiatives, which were rated iti'the.'high categgry. Through-- processthe Group requested that additional projects ucluding retrofitting the Layton City HalllFue Complex.and projects for emergency computer back-up programs for each government entity: ;Also, some mathematical and ranking errors were discovered. Adjustments will be'made to the list. The Group also requested that Ms: Drewing complete the ranking of all projects, including those rated medium and low. To expedite the scoring process, Jim Martin, City of Layton developed a computerized program using.Word Excel After the meeting he made some refinements to the methodology and it will be used as a tool to complete the prioritization process. This is consistent with the approach recommended iri:the DCA Guidebook for the Vulnerability Assessment, Part'2. Working Group member Mary Hensel volunteered to use Jim's methodology to prioritize the private non-profit agency projects. A Completion Schedule for the Third Deliverables was discussed. The next meeting is scheduled for 10:00 am- September 15`h. Prior to this, the members will be mailed the final draft of the HINA for review and comment. In addition, the project priority list will �.- be updated pursuant to Group discussions. At the meeting on the 15"' comments will be provided to Ms. Drewing for incorporation into the Third Deliverables package. Also, the prioritization list will be discussed and any changes in preliminary rankings will be made. Ms. Drewing will then finalize the materials for submission to DCA by September 30, 1999. (Subsequent to this meeting the Keys were exposed to three tropical systems within a month. Both Hurricanes Dennis and Floyd threatened the area for several days and caused some minor effects. Tropical Storm Harvey that made landfall north of Monroe County produced considerable wind and rain in the local area. Preparedness and response activities related to these storms required much time and effort by the Working Group members to ready government entities and public, private and non-profit agencies. As a result of increased tropical activity DCA extended the deadline for submission of the Third Deliverables. The Third and Fourth LMS deliverables were combined and final submission is due by October 31, 1999. Working Group Members and Distribution List: Peggy Walls Scott Newberry Susan Loder Ken East/JeffBarrow Jim Martin William Wagner, III Ed Borysiewicz Annalise M-Lachner Deanna Lloyd Jerry O' Cathey Kimberly Ogren/Ann Murphy George Born Stephanie Walters Lisa L. Gordon Alex Marks Michael Puto Captain Jerry Holmes Steven Lawes Bruce Waite Jeff Stotts Mary Hensel Bob Deliere Becky Iannotta Diana Flenard Nancy Graham Reggie Paros, Public Safety Director Ray Kitchener Eugene Shinkevich, FL Keys Citizen's Coalition To: Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group From: Janice Drewing, Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Consultant _ Date: August 23, 1999 Subject: Working Group Meeting and Minutes of Wednesday August 11, 1999 The Monroe Count}T LMS Working Group met on August 11, 1999. In attendance were working group members Jerry O'Cathey, Monroe County Emergency Management, Chairperson, Annalise Mannix-Lachner, City of Key West Manager of Engineering Services, Jim Martin, Administrator for the City of Layton, Mary Hensel, Innerspace Dive Shop/Seacamp, Diana Flenard, Ed Borysiewicz, City of Key Colony Beach Building Official, William Wagner III, Islamorada Fire Chief, Captain Jerry Holmes, Salvation Army, Peggy Walls, Key West City Electric System, Nancy Graham, American Red Cross, and Janice Drewing, Consultant. Jim Martin offered a revision of the minutes from the June 23rd meeting. Lobster season will not be listed as a reason for cancellation of the July meeting. This correction has been made in the June 23`d meeting minutes. Ms. Drewing notified the Group that the deadline for the Third LMS Deliverables has been extended to September 30, 1999. The Group was provided with a draft of the Hazard Identification section, which was developed from prior discussion and with information from the Working and Group. Comments for finalization of the HI should be provided no later than the next meeting on August 25`h. A review draft of the Vulnerability Assessment is proceeding. The Group was advised that the application period for the State Emergency Management Trust Fund Competitive Grants is underway. Grant Program Workshops will be conducted regionally. Miles from DCA will be in the County to provide technical assistance. More information will be provided about this program at the next LMS Meeting. The Group provided Ms. Drewing with the High, Medium, and Low classifications for their LMS Mitigation Initiatives. The Group attempted to begin the process by ranking the Multi -jurisdictional projects and assigning point values. It was requested that Ms. Drewing prioritize the Multi -jurisdictional projects as to high, medium, and low and determine point values for the projects. The Group would then review project ranks at the next meeting. To assist in this effort Jim Martin, Administrator for Layton will develop a computerized matrix to expedite the process. The next meeting on August 25, 1999 will be advertised as an open public forum for the Upper Keys. As such, the meeting will be held at the AARP Building at the Plantation Key Government Center, Mile Marker 88.5. A tentative date of September 15. 1999 was selected as the last meeting before submission of the Third LMS Deliverables. Subsequent to the meeting notices about the August 251h meeting were sent to Working Group members and other interested parties. Working Group Members and Distribution List: Peggy Walls Scott Newberry Susan Loder Ken East/JeffBarrow Jim Martin William Wagner, III Ed Borysiewicz Annalise M-Lachner Deanna Lloyd Jerry O'Cathey Kimberly Ogren/Ann Murphy George Born Stephanie Walters Lisa L. Gordon Alex Marks Michael Puto Captain Jerry Holmes Steven Lawes Bruce Waite Jeff Stotts Mary Hensel Bob Deliere Becky Iannotta Diana Flenard Nancy Graham Reggie Paros, Public Safety Director Ray Kitchener Eugene Shinkevich, FL Keys Citizen's Coalition 2 NOTICE: THE NEXT MEETING OF THE LNIS WORKING GROUP IS WEDNESDAY, March 24, 1999 AT 1:00 P.M. KEY COLONY BEACH CITY IIALL. To: Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group From: Janice Drewing, Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Consultant Date: February 10, 1999 Subject: Working Group Meeting and Key West Forum Minutes of February 24, 1999 (Shaded areas indicate specific activities required by the LMS process.) Note: *denotes potential Local Mitigation Strategy mitigation issues and/or initiatives On Wednesday, February 24, 1999 the Monroe County LMS Working Group held its regular monthly meeting in conjunction with an advertised public forum. The forum was hosted by Bruce Waite, Director of the Florida Keys Employment and Training Council (FKETC), in the agency's coffee shop on Southard Street in Key West. In attendance were -working group members Jerry O'Cathey, Monroe County Emergency Management, Chairperson, Kathy Leiceister, Monroe County Emergency Management, Co - Chairperson, Ed Borysiewcz, City of Key Colony Beach, Jim Martin, City of Layton, Annalise Mannix-Lachner, City of Key West Assistant City Engineer, Bruce Waite, Becky Iannotta, and Steve Lawes for the Florida Keys Employment and Training Council (FKETC), Susan Loder, FKAA< Stephanie Walters, Director of the Monroe County Health Department, Captain Jerry Holmes, Salvation Army, Lisa Gordon, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), and Janice Drewing, Consultant. Other attendees were Jane W. Cook, Monroe County Association for Retarded Citizens (MARC. Inc.), Alex Marks, DCA Keys Office, Johnny King, Monroe County Public Works. Carol Shaugnessy, Stuart Newman and Associates, (consultants for the tourist Development Council (TDC), Joe Noel, Key West resident, Howard Johnson, Key West resident. and Jim Malcolm, City of Key West Bike/Pedestrian Coordinator. Ms. Drewing explained that the first deliverables for the Local Mitigation Strategy were approved, With comments, by DCA. These will be reviewed at the March meeting. Ms, Drewing noted that additional members would be added to the Working Group. She introduced Captain Jerry Holmes of the Salvation Army. The meeting was opened for discussion. Jerry O'Cathey asked about the safety of elevated fuel storage tanks. He had discussed the issue with Broward County Fire personnel. Risks associated with raised tanks include vehicle accidents and vulnerability to high winds. Jerry asked if there was any guidance about this included in the new State Uniform Building Code that will be implemented in the year 2,001. Both Stephanie Walters and Lisa Gordon were familiar with this issue. Ms Walters explained that the MC Health Department regulates and permits fuel tanks. In some situations she has issued permits for such tanks. Lisa %korks for DEP and responds to emergencies related to fuel tanks. Both Lisa and Stephanie felt that there were pros and cons to both ground level and elevated tanks. Ground level tanks are more apt to leak and cause ground contamination. If not properly anchored for winds and floods, they can turn into "wild drums" and become floating hazardous materials. Elevated tanks can be engineered to withstand high winds and properly located so as not to be traffic hazards. It appears that the "jury is still out" on this issue. *It was noted however, that storage tanks at marinas are often in hazardous locations and should be relocated to safer areas. Stephanie cited the need for more stringent setbacks when locating storage tanks. These are mitigation issues that could be addressed by the Working Group. Implementation of the Uniform State Building Code and its effect on Monroe County was discussed. Ed Boryswiecz, Key Colony Beach Building Official, explained that the State Code is a minimum code that must be adopted by all jurisdictions. Each area may implement specialized addenda to meet legislative requirements. *It was noted that training should be provided to building officials, contractors, and etc. on the ramifications and requirements of the State Code. Jerry O'Cathey raised the issue of planning for emergencies that may relate to the "Y2K", computer -related difficulties that could occur in the year 2000. Dade County has prepared contingency plans for riots. shortages, etc. that could result from the "Y2K7. Jerry explained that Dade County Emergency Management could provide an excellent speaker to discuss this problem with the Group. *The need to expand the use of underground utilities i.e. power lines to lessen vulnerability to storms and high winds was raised. Ms. Drewing noted that while this is a good idea, there are some difficulties. For example, underground utilities may be more difficult to service and maintain and for long-range utilities. Lines must still traverse water and accommodate the bridges in the Keys. Ms. Mannix-Lachner pointed out that practicality of underground utilities depends on the cost benefit. For example, new construction for airports and other major facilities is planned to include locating utilities underground. Underground utility lines will be used for the Key West Bight redevelopment project. Other utility related issues include the possibility of using power poles designed to better withstand storm conditions. Unfortunately, the Working Group utility representatives were not present at the time of this discussion. The issue will be raised again at the next meeting. Water and sewer problems were then discussed. The group recognizes the need to address long-term septic and water problems. *A study was suggested to explore ways to mitigate these to prevent future loss. *Questions were raised about the fitness of de- salinization and reverse osmosis plants in Key West for use during an emergency. Annalise explained that FKAA may be planning to recondition one or both of these facilities. This will be addressed at the March meeting. The Working Group felt that this would be an appropriate mitigation initiative for the Mitigation Strategy. Also discussed was the feasibility of using cisterns. It was noted that this might not be financially viable for residential properties. Key West Commissioner Merilee McCoy and the K.W. 2 Historic Architectural Review Commission (HARC) are researching this issue. *Jim Malcolm, City of Key West Bike/Pedestrian Coordinator introduced the subject of landscaping and debris problems. To benefit pedestrians, cyclists. and risk reduction, right-of-way maintenance should be improved. He suggested consideration of an ordinance requiring property owners to properly trim landscaping, especially before and during hurricane season. Additional landscape items were discussed. *These included, identification of funding for a study and possible development of an ordinance, to address mitigation of problems related to trees and plant material e.g. debris removal, damage to vehicles and structures, and downed power lines. Related mitigation issues concern removal of hazardous exotic plants, e.g. Australian pines and re -planting with appropriate material. Mr. Doug Gregory of the Monroe County Branch of the Florida Extension Services will be contacted about providing guidance to the Working Group on this issue. *The next item discussed was the need for emergency power and whether this is acceptable for mitigation funding by the State and FEMA. Kathy Leicester and Janice Drewing noted that there have been some instances when emergency power was funded under hazard mitigation grant programs. Funding may depend on the type of project e.g. a fixed emergency power facility vs. portable generators. Annalise mentioned that emergency power related items such as hookups and "pig -tail" configurations for generator installation may be eligible. However, she warned that there are several types of connections and compatibility must be assured with different types of generators. Information and assistance on this issue is available from DCA. Areas in special need of back-up power include, sewer lift stations, small treatment systems such as those that service trailer parks, and fueling facilities. *It was also noted that different types of sewage systems appropriate for use in the Keys should be reviewed for their effectiveness to withstand effects of storms. Ms. Walters noted that some problems occurred during Hurricane Georges with private aerobic systems, which are currently the recommended systems in the Keys. Steve Lawes of the FKETC and Paradise Interfaith Network raised the subject of directing mitigation efforts at social needs. *These include preparedness and recovery issues for elderly persons, persons with special needs, and low and moderate -income residents. It was noted that Monroe County currently has a Special Needs Task Force and that mitigation efforts and initiatives could be identified through this group. Emergency Management and Health Department members will monitor this. Mr. Lawes was especially concerned with areas of Big Pine Key that were hard-hit by Hurricane Georges and still struggling to recover. A major problem was well contamination. An alternative to be discussed with FKAA concerns determining what is needed to connect with the utility's water lines. Kathy Leicester explained that the Monroe County Administrator's Office is currently exploring an initiative to identify funding sources to upgrade low and moderate -income housing and address the needs of this group. Kathy will advise of ongoing county activities related to this effort. Both Bruce Waite and Steve emphasized the need to help low-income people and those marginal groups whose income status could be negatively affected by disaster loss. Ms. Drewing noted that FEMA does have recovery assistance programs for those in need. In addition, the SBA 3 has low-income recovery loans. However, it would be best if there was some wav that .., this disaster -related situation could be prevented, e.g. economic improvements, enhancing employment potential, and ongoing assistance. Ms. Drewing explained that many of the needs discussed above are addressed through FEMA's Project Impact Initiative. The program pro%ides funding assistance for eligible communities to foster cooperative efforts among public, private, and non-profit interests to promote mitigation. Such projects include mitigation training and education programs, public outreach, retrofitting residences of elderly and kiw and moderate -income people, etc. *The Working Group suggested that one of the mitigation initiatives be to identify requirements for participation in the Project Impact Program and target eligibility of, at least, one governmental entity in Monroe County. *Participants at the forum also discussed exploring the use of positive incentives to encourage mitigation rather than punitive measures such as those often prescribed in legislative requirements. Such measures could include tax rebates, sliding scales for utility rates, etc. A similar program is in effect for energy efficiency. The group also recognized the importance of mitigation education and outreach programs and the need to involve private concerns e.g. the construction industry in such efforts. *The Working Group wishes to explore the development of education and training programs relating to mitigation and implementation of the new state building code. Such programs would be submitted for eligibility for CEU credits. Groups such as building officials, public works staff, and private contractors could participate. Other issues raised at the forum include, *exploration of viable storm resistant low income housing and alternatives to mobile homes; measures to reduce vulnerability of marine buoys and markers, problems related to evacuation of persons whose means of transportation are bicycles, and the need to coordinate Aith local hospitals and determine their mitigation programs and issues. Conflicting issues related to mitigation were noted. For example, some aspects of the Americans with Disabilities Act may require installation of railings along waterfront areas, which could create additional debris. Also, removal of trees could become a beautification issue. Members of the public, Mr. Noel and Mr. Johnson, noted that tree debris is a major problem for re-entry, power outages, and economic disruption. They also pointed out the need educate and involve the Key West Tree Committee in the mitigation process. The Committee reviews and approves requests to trim and prune certain types of trees in the city. Ms. Drewing explained that she is still in the process of contacting potential Working Group members from the Chambers of Commerce, Hotel/Motel Association, etc. The next Working Group meeting will be held on Wednesday, March 24, 1999. The meeting will be at 1:00 p.m at Key Colony Beach City Hall. 4 Participants at the forum thanked the FKETC and its Culinary School for the great refreshments, especially the custom coffee! The meeting was adjourned. Working Group Members: Chuck Weitzel, Key West City Electric Scott Newberry, Florida Keys Electric Coop. Pat Preuss, Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority Ken East. Monroe County School System Jim Martin, City of Layton William Wagner III, Village of Islamorada Ed Borysiewicz, City of Key Colony Beach Annalise M-Lachner, City of Key West Jerry O'Cathey, Monroe County Emergency Management Kathy Leicester, Monroe County Emergency Management Michael Puto, Rotary Club of Marathon and Commercial Fishermen Lisa Gordon, FL Department of Environmental Protection Stephanie Walters, Monroe County Health Department George Born, Historic Preservation, Historic Florida Keys Foundation Deanna Lloyd, Grants Coordinator Kimberly Ogren, Monroe County Growth Management Reggie Paros, Public Safety Director Captain Jerry Holmes, Salvation Army Paul Bates, Coconut Cove Resort Bob Deliere, Century 21 Real Estate Dianna Flenard, MARC NOTICE: THE NEXT MEETING OF THE LMS WORKING GROUP IS WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1999 AT 1:00 P.M. KEY COLONY BEACH CITY HALL. To: Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group From: Janice Drewing, Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Consultani Date: February 3, 1999 Subject: Working Group Meeting Minutes of Wednesday, January 13, 1999 (Shaded areas indicate specific activities required by the LMS process.) On Wednesday, January 13, 1999 the Monroe County LMS Working Group held its regular monthly meeting. Member in attendance were Ed Borysiewicz, City of Key Colony Beach, Jim Martin, City of Layton, Dee Lloyd, Monroe County Grants Management, Scott Newberry, Florida Keys Electric Coop, William Wagner III, Islamorada, Village of Islands, Annalise Mannix-Lachner, Key West Engineering, and Janice Drewing, Janice Drewing Consulting, Inc. Also in attendance were Bruce Waite, Becky Iannotta, and Steve Lawes of the Florida Keys Employment and Training Council (FKETC). Mr. Wade explained that the FKETC represents the interests of employees in the county, �.. especially the needs of people with moderate and low incomes. He expressed interest in participating in the Working Group, but could not commit the Council to full-time membership. The FKETC will participate in a consulting capacity and will develop proposed mitigation initiatives dealing with economic and employment issues. Ms. Drewing will review background material from the FKETC's experiences with disasters, particularly Hurricane Andrew. Ms. Drewing explained that this meeting initiated the development of the second set of deliverables for the LMS. She noted that the First Deliverables were sent to DCA on December 30, 1998. They will be reviewed and comments provided within the next few weeks. After the comments are addressed, each Group member will be provided with a final copy of the LMS First Deliverables. Ms. Lloyd advised the municipalities to submit invoices for the first deliverables pursuant to their Interlocal Agreements with Monroe County. Irene Toner and Janice Drewing will review the invoices for approval. The Group then discussed how the Working Group membership should be expanded. The consensus was that the Salvation Army should be contacted and invited to join the Group. Also, Working Group member, William Wagner, III and Michael Puto will represent the Monroe County Commercial Fishermen. In addition, the Chamber of Commerce and other private interests will be, contacted about membership in the group. Ms. Drewing will also discuss the LMS with additional county agencies. The Group addressed the ongoing strategy for the next Deliverables. Information is to be provided for the following areas: FIRM Maps, Future Land Use, Critical Facilities, essential and public buildings, including schools, repetitive loss data, hazardous materials ties, recent disaster experiences, and historical flood data. Ms. Drewing distributed copies of a document prepared by the City of Layton. "The Layton Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Analysis (Input) provides information on Damage Assessment, Economic Damages, Infrastructure Inventory, Topographic Vulnerability, Hazard Historical Information, Flooding Potential, SociaVBehavioral and Evacuation Information, NFIP Participation and Community Rating System, Substantial and Repetitive Loss, Construction Techniques and Past and Present Problems, Effectiveness of Enforcement of Codes and Standards, Location of Native Landscape and Natural Buffers, and Types and Locations of Areas of Special Concern. This information was provided in response to the listing of necessary information for the HUVA developed for the first LMS Deliverables. The other municipalities were asked to use this as a guide in developing their information for submission at the February meeting. Jim Martin, Layton Administrator was commended for this valuable effort. The mapping effort will be initiated in the next few weeks. The Working Group then discussed determination of categories and types of potential Mitigation Initiatives. The Group was particularly interested in including studies e.g. engineering studies to identify cost beneficial mitigation activities. Examples would be studies to identify roadway improvements to enhance evacuation and exploring current and future FLDOT efforts to ease evacuation problems. The Group will also consider program and policy actions and revisions to promote effective hazard mitigation, including internal policies such as better enforcement and increasing personnel. The members were advised to review the Capital Improvements Sections of their Comprehensive Plans to develop project lists. Ms. Drewing will compile project `wish lists" previously provided by the members and other sources to develop a draft Mitigation Initiative List for review and discussion by the Group. At the last meeting the Group identified two priority issues for mitigation initiatives. These were Evacuation and Codes. The members were asked to submit additional priorities for consideration at the February Meeting. Because of the work load and time schedule for the second deliverables, the Working Group will hold two meetings in February. The first meeting will be Wednesday, February 10, 1999, 1:00 p.m. at the Key Colony Beach City Hall. The second February meeting will be held on Wednesday, February 24, 1999 in Key West 1:00 p.m. 812 Southard Street. The meeting will be hosted by the Florida Keys Employment and Training Council and will include refreshments (lunch). The meeting in Key West will provide an opportunity for interests in the Lower Keys to participate in the LMS Meeting. The meeting was adjourned. 2 Working Group Members: Chuck Weitzel, Key West City Electric Scott Newberry, Florida Keys Electric Coop. Pat Preuss, Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority Ken East, Monroe County School System Jim Martin, City of Layton William Wagner III, Village of Islamorada Ed Borysiewicz, City of Key Colony Beach Annalise M-Lachner, City of Key West Jerry O'Cathey, Monroe County Michael Puto. Rotary Club of Marathon Lisa Gordon, FL Department of Environmental Protection Stephanie Walters, Monroe County Health Department George Born, Historic Preservation, Historic Florida Keys Foundation Deanna Lloyd, Grants Coordinator Kimberly Ogren, Monroe County Growth Management Reggie Paros, Public Safety Director I NOTICE: THE NEXT MEETING OF THE LMS WORKING GROUP IS WEDNESDAY, May 26, 1999 AT 1:00 P.M. KEY COLONY BEACH CITY HALL. To: Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group From: Janice Drewing, Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Consultant Date: May 19, 1999 Subject: Working Group Meeting Minutes of April 21, 1999 (Shaded areas indicate specific activities required by the LMS process.) On Wednesday, April 21, 1999 the Monroe County LMS Working Group held an all day meeting starting at 10:00 a.m. The meeting was extended to compensate for cancellation of the March meeting. In attendance were the following Working Group members and other participants: Kathy Leicester, Monroe County, Emergency Management, Co - Chairperson, Ed Borysiewicz, City of Key Colony Beach, Jim Martin, City of Layton, Annalise Mannix-Lachner, Key West Assistant City Engineer, Jim Brush, City of Key West, William A. Wagner, III, Villages of Islamorada, Alex Marks, DCA Keys Field Office, Scott Newberry, Florida Keys Electric Coop, Deborah Shaw, Botanist for Florida Keys Electric Coop. and Guest Speaker, Mary Hensel, Interfaith Dive Shop, Susan Loder, FKAA, Jeff Barrow, Monroe County School Board, Captain Jerry Holmes, Salvation Army, Nancy Graham, American Red Cross, Holland Brown, Key West Chamber of Commerce, Diana Flenard, Monroe Association for Retarded Citizens, and Janice Drewing, Consultant. Ms. Drewing noted that there were several new members in the Group. These include, Mary Hensel, dive shop owner and staff of Florida Sea Camp, representing 'both the private and non-profit sectors, Nancy Grahain of the -American Red Cross, representing a non-profit agency, and Holland Brown, Key West Chamber of Commerce: Ms. Brown indicated that she was not sure the Chamber could regularly attend Working Group Meetings. However, at a minimum, they will participate as "consulting" members. Ms. Drewing notified the Group that the due date for the Third Mitigation Strategy Deliverables has been extended to August 31, 1999. She noted that because of the expanded time frame today's meeting could allow for a more thorough review and response to the DCA comments and would provide more time for the presentation by Deborah Shaw, and the development of the landscape initiative. The agenda item dealing with potential mitigation projects will be addressed at the May meeting. Guiding Principles Analysis: The Group reviewed and addressed the comments provided on the First and Second Deliverables by Jennifer Zadwick, DCA. LMS Working Group Comment #2 suggests additional members from private and non-profit interests should join the Working Group. This is reflected in the amended Working Group Member List in the revised First and Second Deliverables. Since the completion of the First and Second Deliverables, the Group has expanded from 14 members to a current total of 24. Five of the new members represent non- profit agencies such as the Red Cross and Salvation Army. The other four additional members are associated with private and government interests. In addition, invitations to join the group have recently been extended to people representing real estate, grocery stores, and Chambers of Commerce. Some Working Group members, e.g. the City of Key West have sent out letters inviting various agencies to be represented. Several organizations have expressed interest in serving as "consulting members As such, these people would receive copies of minutes and drafts of work done by the Working Group for review and comment. Public notices advertising the meetings encourage the public to attend. Letters to target groups, e.g. homeowner's associations, may be sent prior to Working Group meetings. Meeting notices and minutes urge Working Group members to attend every meeting or send an alternate if they cannot attend. Comment #3 requests designation of a main contact person for the LMS Working Group. Irene Toner, Operations Manager for Monroe County Emergency Management is the main contact person for the overall Local Mitigation Strategy Project. The primary contact person for the Working Group is Jerry O'Cathey, Monroe County Emergency Coordinator and Working Group Chairperson. Kathy Leiceister, Co -Chairperson, Monroe County Emergency Management is the alternate contact person for the Working Group. Conflict Resolution Procedures The comment on this section requests clarification as to when the minor and major conflict resolution procedures (South Florida Regional Planning Council Procedures) will be used. • The Working Group will use the conflict resolution procedures employed by the South Florida Regional Planning Council for major disputes such as those1rivolving several government entities or issues that cannot be resolved within the Working Group. In addition, the Group has developed procedures to resolve minor conflicts within the group, such as disputes concerning evaluation criteria, prioritization of mitigation initiatives and/or disagreements among members: Evaluation Procedures Comment #1 advises that evaluation criteria relating to new hazards and impacts and an assessment of the accuracy of the information in the original strategy should be included. • Although the evaluation criteria initially submitted in this section included several provisions that relate to these areas, the following language has also been added: • Effectiveness of promoting Local Mitigation Strategy Guiding Principles and accuracy of information in original Strategy. • Newly identified Hazards and/or hazard effects and impacts. Comment #2`suggests that'in addition to -amendments made to the LMS in thepost- disaster phase; that a disaster declaration should trigger�a review and identification of amendments. • The Group discussed this, and felt that with the County's limited staff.and xhe many F 9 t S critical response and recovery operations xaking�lace unmeaiately after aisaster K.; � declaration (including re-entry, etc ), thatsesponduig to the L'MS at the same tune would be extremely difficuh and could, present a hardship; In addition; there are several mechanisms including the federa190=day reportprogress report and the l nteragency Hazard Mitigation Team Report that would identify, issues to be addressed in the Local Mitigation Strategy. The,Group determined that review;ofthe LMS would be carried out subsequent to, but not necessarily immediately following, a Presidential Disaster Declaration. • :The section dealing with post -disaster evaluation will be read as follows: Post -Disaster Evaluation Procedure Following a Presidential disaster declaration for Monroe County,; the Local Mitigation Strategy, particularly mitigation initiatives; will be used as a resource :in the Triter Agency Hazard Mitigation Team (IBMT) (herein referred to as the IHMT) Meeting and Re&# Process. Pursuant to the nwr Meeting an i Report; the Local Mitigation Strategy: will be revised, as necessary. Prospective Federal HazardMitigation Program 404 and 406 projects will be r incorporated in the Local Mitigation"Strategy. Emergency amendma "i a post -disaster 4&' ' mnmdated.throug The Evaluation Procedure will be incorporated in the Local Mitigation Strategy and will be included in adoption of the Local Mitigation Strategy by the BOCC. Guiding Principles Comment #1 notes that in addition to mitigation activities, the list of county and municipal entities also included response and recovery activities. It was suggested that a distinction be made between these areas or that the response and recovery items be re moved from this section. It was explained to the, Group that response and recovery aspects of.government operations were included in this section of the "Guiding Principles" as a resource and - because such activities often relate to or overlap with mitigation items. The Group agreed that they should remain in the `document..However; this section has been revised to clearly distinguish between- mitigation activities and those dealing with response and recoveryThe members were provided with the revisions and approved of this approaclL Comment 42 required thk dditional items from the mitigation goals, �obJectiyesand policies sections of the mutucipal compreberisive;plans (not;Sncluc slJamorada);.be �, :.._ :yam:.: _ . -�i added to the Guiding Prmc�es Index. The,Group was advised at #ems was a_ critical comment and if not addressed would affect future paymenip"ts34 the LM$ • 'Ms. Drewing explained tfiat the Comprehensive Plans of the Cities of Key West, Key Colony Beach -sand Layton have been=evisited and_ appropriate provisions.fromthe plans :goals;' objectives,�aid policiesadded to:the Matrix. Copies`of this 'section will be distributed=to the Group at the June meeting. Comment #3 states that in addition to the evaluation ofpolicies, programs, ordinances, and regulations provided in he Index, tho roup should assess the design; implementation,and enforcement " ripe -&-S. thesepo cies and provide specific suggestions of how existing policies, etc;;,,,,00u7d be strengthened to achieve the mitigation goals and objectives of the cbmmunity. Also; that such recommendations are incorporated in the list of mitigation initiatives when it is prepared. • It should benoted thatrecommendationsto address these issues are already included in the Evaluation/Analysis/Recomme rations section of the Matrix.` In addition, the Working Group will consider various aspects of governmentat hcies, programs, and regulations inthen development=ofthe list of mitigation U#_ 0s for-- t Third LMS Deliverables. • The Index submitted with the First and Second Deliverables included several "non- traditional" mitigation aspects, such as historic preservation and protection of various environmental resources and native species. These contribute to mitigation particularly by preventing existing land areas from more intensive or high density development in the future. In addition to these provisions the sections below have been added in response to this comment. *Upon adoption of the Layton Comprehensive Plan, the`City shall establish Environmental Standards Accordingly,: the .Open Space requirement shall be 100% for the:following types of wetlands: a) submerged lands; b) jurisdictional mangroves; with a 20 :footbuffer around them; and e)`freshwater ponds Policy provides for -preservation of open space, thereby reducing potential development. Policy is currently in effect. *Upon adoption of Coastal Element Good policy. Should the Comprehensive Policy. l l :g, pg..112 build on this and Plan, the City shall I.ayton'Comp. Plan, 1998 develop comprehensive fiuther pmtect Landscape program for its wetlands ,by. : ` all `areas in the,Keys. requiring a 100% open space requirement for undisturbed salt marsh and buttonwood wetlands. *Added in response to DCA comments. • The Evaluation/Analysis/Recommendati+ Measures includes comments ronparing ways to `address discrepancies ad affect considerations will be:applied o:#tie clev( r... Comment #5 states that it is not clear how the overall listing of Goals and Objectives was generated or how it relates to the analyses of agencies and their mitigation functions and the index of policies, ordinances, and programs. The Goals and Objectives provide the framework for the Mitigation Strategy. Goals and objectives relate directly to many of the listed mitigation functions, e.g. those dealing with the evacuation process. The goals and objectives will be applied to the mitigation functions list in identifying possible mitigation initiatives and efforts, which still must be addressed. Pursuant to the procedure prescribed in the Handbook, the categories used in the Index were based on the goals and objectives. As such, policies, procedures, ordinances, and regulations in the Index promote the LMS goals and objectives. A description of the process by which the goals and objectives were developed is included in the response to Comment #6 below. Comment 96 states that the Working Group meeting minutes do not include any discussion of the various portions of the Guiding Principles analysis. It also notes that it is important for the Working Group to be involved in the development of these analyses and agree to the unified list of goals and objectives. It requires clarification of the Working Group's involvement in the development of this portion of the deliverables. The Group was advised that this was a critical comment and if not addressed would affect future payments for the LMS. • Minutes of October 15th and November 18'' reflect the Working Group's involvement in discussing and finalizing the various portions of the Guiding Principles Analysis. Specific information on the development of the Categories for Goals and Objectives is provided below. The Working Group members confirmed these activities at the meeting (April 21, 1999). • According to the minutes, of the August 8, 1998 meeting the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group began development of the Goals and Objectives. At that meeting each municipality was requested to develop a "vision" for itself of goals such as preservation of life and health, preservation of property and assets, preservation of economic well being, etc. In addition to this, the Group completed several of the "Exercises" provided by DCA with the Local Mitigation Strategy Guidebook. These efforts also contributed to identification of "broad categories" needed to provide a framework for identifying hazard mitigation goals. Various potential goals and objectives were discussed at the September 14, 1998 meeting. The minutes of the September meeting indicate that a proposed list of goals and objectives for use in the LMS would be an item to be considered at the October 8a' meeting. Based on the Group's previous efforts relating to this item, at the October 15, 1998 meeting they were provided with a preliminary list of recommended goals and objectives. It was noted in the minutes of the October 15"' meeting that "the Group considered and recommended Categories for Goals and Objectives. This was discussed, revised, and accepted for use in the LMS." The Group confirmed at today's meeting (April 21 ") that there was considerable discussion of the Categories for Goals and Objectives. Revisions were made to the recommended list. These included the use of language to ensure that "Preservation and Sustainability of Life Health, Safety, and Welfare' was identified as the most important goal. The Goals and Objectives List was revised accordingly and incorporated into the "Product" Sectionn of the LMS. Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment The comment advises that an extensive list of datasets and sources was provided in the HUVA section. It notes that this amount of information may not be manageable and that it would be useful to distinguish which items the Working Group must actually collect and to assign specific responsibility for these databases. • The comprehensive list of HUVA data was included in the First Deliverables not only to assign responsibilities, but also to identify a broad listing of resources. This list was refined and specific information was requested from -the LMS members. The agenda for the January 13, 1999 Working Group meeting (attached) identified in Item #3 the particular data that will be provided for the development of the Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Analysis. Responsibilities were assigned pursuant to the HUVA section of the earlier deliverables. Private Sector Involvement This comment advises the Working Group to continue to expand its private sector participation and outreach and involvement. It recommends that the Working Group devise a "plan of action" for involving private interests in the-LMS process (beyond being working group members) and that responsibilities for such activities be assigned to various Working Group members. An example of private sector involvement developed for Indian River County. • In addition to increasing the number of private sector members as discussed earlier in the section relating to the LMS Working Group, the group has been using other ways to encourage public sector involvement. These include .the Concept of using "consulting members" who, though not able to attend meetings on a regular basis, are given all information on LMS activities and provide review and comment. As part of the effort to increase membership, the City of Key West has undertaken a letter writing campaign advising interests, such as the Key West Chamber of Commerce and Business Guild, about LMS activities and meetings and inviting them to become members. Pursuant to this, Ms. Holland Brown of the Key West Chamber of Commerce attended the April 21't meeting. She is currently considering becoming a full-time or consulting member. Other LMS Working Group members are also encouraging people from the private sector to be involved in the Group. • The Group continues to try to address increased participation of the private sector. We have had. several;;people from business interests commit to becoming members and then "drop-out";because oftime and logistical eons ints. It should be understood that no, matter whe_ne the meetings are locate n� 'the Keys, many members have to travel up to -two hours to"attend. This presents a-bardship to many people. At the same time, we must strive to have equitable representation in an area that extends �,. 120 miles. Unfortunately, the unusual configuration of the County presents some uncommon constants. • It is interesting to note that the sample private sector section includes representatives of utilities as private sector members. Monroe County had not included our members from utilities in that category. If we do so, then we have two additional private sector members representing the Florida Keys Electric Coop and City Electric. We also have another utility member, the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority. However, we did not consider the FKAA as a private entity because it is an agency of the state. With regard to utility involvement then, the Monroe County LMS Working Group has extensive representation. • The sample section provided by DCA also describes efforts that involve private industry. Pursuant to the development of the LMS, the Working Group has identified several initiatives and programs that will include the private sector. For example, to address the need for expanded community education and awareness, the Working Group will propose providing workshops with the construction industry to educate them about mitigation potential in the industry. The Group will also be developing a comprehensive landscape initiative that will involve people from all sectors, including licensed arborists, landscapers, the County Extension Service, electric utilities, etc. The City of Key West is considering the use of a `mutual aid" program with local grocery stores. This would involve the City providing for emergency needs such as back-up power for groceries, and the stores would supply emergency food and water and post -disaster feeding. These and other private sector involvement concepts will be included in the Third Deliverables due to DCA on August 31, 1999. Prioritization Procedures for Mitigation Initiatives Comment #1 advises the County to consider establishing "viability" criteria in the Procedures to Prioritize Municipal and County Mitigation Initiatives. • The procedure included in the earlier Deliverables does address viability. It includes criteria directed at "Financial Feasibility", "Technical Feasibly", "Finding Availability", and "Legal Authority". Comment 42 states that "the County should review the prioritization criteria to ensure that they are specific enough to allow for objective evaluation and assignment of points. For example, it would be useful to clarify `if percentage of population" is meant to apply to percentage in risk area, project area, or county/municipality? It is not clear what is meant by economic benefits — how will these be calculated? The hazard list priorities and evaluation points seem like a useful tool; however, it is not clear how the priorities and point values were assigned. It might be more useful to use the results of the Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment, once it is completed to determine these rankings. s L! • The LMS Working Group spent much time and effort in the development of the Prioritization Criteria. It went through several refinements before submission to DCA of the First and Second Deliverables. We are forutnate to have competent professionals on the Working Group, several of whom are experts in adminstrative and actuarial matters. The criteria were developed to provide specificity while ensuring objectivity. The point values and methods for dealing with feasibility issues were carefully conceived. • The criteria clearly specify that "percentage of population" refers to the permanent population that will be served by the project. • The prioritization criteria are shown below. The meaning of the terms economic and social benefits, in the context of the review procedures, has been added to this section. As a result of the sample Exercises performed during the LMS process, the Working Group developed a hazard list. They believed that this was an important aspect to be included in the prioritization process. As noted in the criteria below the LMS is a working document. Adjustments will be made to the hazard list at the conclusion of the Hazard Identification/Vulnerability Assessment, as necessary, and the criteria and review process adjusted accordingly. Procedures to Prioritize Municipal and County Mitigation Initiatives The following criteria have been selected and prioritized by the Working Group to evaluate mitigation initiatives. Weighting factors have been assigned to certain criteria. Other criteria are included to provide necessary project information. The Local Mitigation Strategy is a `work in progress". As such, the Working Group may make adjustments to this section as the process continues. Recommended Local Mitigation Strategy Project Evaluation and Prioritization Criteria 1. Meeting LMS Goals and Objectives (Consistency with Guiding Principles) And Number of Goal(s) met- Points awarded from Goals and Objectives List to a maximum of 150 points. 2. Percentage of population served by the project (permanent population) - 20 points if up to 10% served, 40 points if up to 25%, 60 points if up to 40%, 80 points if up to 65%, 100 points if up to 80%, 130 points if up to 100%. 3. Type and Number of Hazards Addressed. — points awarded from Hazard List priorities to a maximum of 110 points (listed below). 4. Cost Effectiveness - Based on Cost/Benefit Analysis developed by the applicant using LMS Criteria provided below*). A ratio of 1 to 1 will receive 20 points, thereafter, each increase will receive an additional 10 points e.g. 1 to 2 ratio will receive 20 points, etc.) 5. *Economic Benefits — 30 points if economic benefit is demonstrated 6. *Social Benefits - 20 points if social benefit is demonstrated. 7. Environmental Benefits — 20 points if environmental benefit is demonstrated. 8. Time Frame - 20 points if 6 months or less. 10 points if 6 months to one year. 5'points if one to two years. 0 points if more than two years. 9. Financial Feasibility_ Yes/No 10. Technical:Feasibility - Yes/No 11. Funding Availability = Yes/No, 12. Legal Authority — Yes/No 13. Consistency with Plans, Codes, Ordinances, Policies, etc. - Yes/No *Economic Benefits are those that stabilize or reduce loss of economic functions such as business ;operations. Such a benefit would accrue from a project to enhance debris removal and reduce the time needed for business to become accessible to customers. *Social Benefits"are those that contribute to the general welfare of the population, such as installing shutters in a community center to protect it from damage, or projects that reduce hazard impacts in public parks. Comment #3 -notes that although the list of elements for the cost/benefit analysis is useful, and`provides for both structural and non structural iiiit'natiyes.' However, it is unclear what methods will- —used to actually calculate the cosf/benefit ratio. • Althoughthe submissnon of the First and Se cond'Dehverables contained the sec*ion . r�A showing hypothetical examples of project evaluations, due to a printer's error, tte sectnon'dealing'with development of the cost/benefit ratio°was not included. Tbiis section-ls provided below and addresses the 'final comment on methodology for determining cost/benefit"`..The criteria contained in:this:s66tion were developed -from samplemethodologies,used in the States of California and North Carolina. The Priorrtizatnon'Procedures section of the First and Second `Deliverables will be revised to i0ude'this section: Hypothetical Ezamples: Scores are.based on "Procedures to Prioritize Municipal and County Mitigation Initiatives". Example Number 1: Proposal to conduct professional county -wide study to determine the short and long=temp effects of salt water on local landscaping, including recommendations for ways to:prevent future vegetation loss. 1. Meeting LMS Goals :and Objectives (Consistency with*"'. Principles) Points awarded from Goals and Objectives List=to a maximum of 150 poinfs :.. PrQ}ectieets Preservation of Property and Assets, Preservation of the Economy - �hhym'.xsa-rP�.c U rr�,Ww 10 2. Percentage of people served by the project (permanent population) — Percentage �... of people served — 1000/6 of county population — 130 points 3. Type and Number of Hazards Addressed. — Number of points awarded from Hazard List Priorities. Addresses Hazard #1 for 20 points and Hazard #12 for 5 points — 25 points 4. Cost Effectiveness - Based on Cost/Benefit Analysis developed by the applicant using LMS Criteria provided below*). A ratio of 1 to 1 will receive 10 points, thereafter, each increase will receive an additional 10 points e.g. 1 to 2 ratio will receive 20 points, etc.) — 1/3 cost benefit ratio = 30 points 5. Economic Benefits — 30 points if economic benefit is demonstrated — Project is designed to identify means of preserving landscape a vital part of the County's allure for tourism — 30 points 6. Social Benefits - 20 points if social benefit is demonstrated - the entire Key's society could benefit from protection of county vegetation — 20 points 7. Environmental Benefits —20 points if environmental benefit is demonstrated — saving trees and plants is critical to the environment. 8. Time Frame - 20 points if 6 months or less. 10 points if 6 months to one year. 5 points if one to two years. 0 points if more than two years. — Project time frame is two years — 5 points 9. Financial Feasibility — Yes/No - Yes 10. Technical Feasibility — Yes/No - Yes 11. Funding Availability — Yes/No - Yes 12. Legal Authority — Yes/No- Yes 13. Consistency with Plans, Codes, Ordinances, Policies, etc. - Yes/No- Yes Total Number of Points = 280 'N%_ Elements for LMS Cost/Benefit Analysis Non -Construction Projects, e.g. Planning Studies, Maps, Public Information and Education, etc. Example #1: Proposal to conduct professional countywide study to determine the short and long-term effects of salt water on local landscaping. The study will include recommendations for prevention of future loss of vegetation. 1. Estimated Project Cost: $30,000 2. Frequency of the hazard the project is designed to address, and if applicable accumulated cost of past repairs from emergency events both declared and undeclared Local vegetation is affected by salt -water spray in events involving high winds, especially hurricanes and serious storms. This problem occurred from Hurricane Georges, September 1998 and Tropical Storm Mitch, November 1998 and will occur in any future wind event. Such events have a high frequency of occurrence. 3. Estimate of direct and indirect benefits • Describe Economic Benefits of project and provide approximate percentage of benefits- Protection of vegetation from the detrimental effects of salt water could result in 100 % benefit due to reduction in loss of landscaping. • Describe Social Benefits, of project and provide approximate percentage of benefits. - Protection of vegetation from the detrimental effects of salt water could result in 100 % benefit .due,to prevention of landscaping loss. • Describe Environmental Benefits of project and provide approximate percentage of benefits. `Protection of vegetation from the detrimental effects of salt water could result in 100 % benefit due to protection of natural landscaping. 4. Disaster Frequency Document the years of repeated occurrence of the hazard also indicate declared disasters. — Hurricane Andrew, August 1992,Hurricane Georges, September 1998 and Tropical Storm Mitch, November 1998 and will occur in any future wind event. Such events have a high frequency of occurrence. 5. Provide dollar value estimate of long-term benefit — Determining a means to protect or prevent negative effects of salt water on county vegetation could result in saving approximately $1 million dollars of lost landscaping. 6. Determine cost/benefit ratio (divide project cost by benefit cost) —1/3 fa Example Number 2 - Proposal by Municipality X to install emergency generators in all local business establishments within the municipality's jurisdiction. 1. Meeting LMS Goals and Objectives (Consistency with Guiding Principles) Points awarded from Goals and Objectives List to a maximum of 150 points. Project meets Preservation of Property and Assets and Preservation of the Economy— 20 points 2. Percentage of people served by the project (permanent population) — Percentage of people served — 100% of municipal population — 130 points 3. Type and Number of Hazards Addressed. — Number of points awarded from Hazard List Priorities. Addresses Hazard 91 for 20 points, Hazard #2 for 15 points, and Hazard 96 for 10 points — 45 points 4. Cost Effectiveness - Based on Cost/Benefit Analysis developed by the applicant using LMS Criteria provided below*). A ratio of 1 to 1 will receive 10 points, thereafter, each increase will receive an additional 10 points e.g. 1 to 2 ratio will receive 20 points, etc.) —1/3 cost benefit ratio = 30 points 5. Economic Benefits - 30 points if economic benefit is demonstrated — Project is designed to 'identify means of preventing business closures from power losses after a disaster. — 30 points 6. Social Benefits - 20 points if social benefit is demonstrated — If businesses could remain open this would assist the local population by providing stores, restaurants, etc. for them to use following a disaster. — 20 points 7. Environmental Benefits —20 points if environmental benefit is demonstrated — No environmental benefits — 0 points. 8. Time Frame - 20 points if 6 months or less. 10 points if 6 months to one year. 5 points if one to two years. 0 points if more than two years. — Project time frame is six months - 20 points 9. Financial Feasibility — Yes/No - Yes 10. Technical Feasibility — Yes/No - Yes 11. Funding Availability — Yes/No - Yes 12. Legal Authority — Yes/No- Yes 13. Consistency with Plans, Codes, Ordinances, Policies, etc. - Yes/No- Yes Total Number of Points = 295 13 Elements for LMS Cost/Benefit Analysis Land Based. Construction and/or Equipment Proiects Example #2: Proposal by Municipality X to install emergency generators in all local business establishments within the municipality's jurisdiction Estimated Project Cost: $750,000 2. Expected Useful Life of the Project — 20 years 3. Frequency of the hazard the project is designed to address, and if applicable accumulated cost of past repairs from emergency events both declared and undeclared — Municipal power outages are likely to occur from high winds, especially hurricanes, serious storms, and tornadoes. This problem occurred from the tornadoes that occurred in 1997, Hurricane Georges, September 1998 and Tropical Storm Mitch, November 1998 and will occur in any future wind event. Such events have a high frequency of occurrence. 4. Estimate of direct and indirect benefits • Casualties —Estimate the number of deaths and injuries, which could be avoided by the mitigation action. — 0 • Damage —Estimate the amount of physical damage for both structural and non- structural portions of the project. — 0 • Contents Damage —Provide an estimate of the physical damage to a building's contents. - 0 • Displacement Cost — Estimate the projected amount of rental and other costs incurred when the facility is not in use. — If businesses could not be used for two weeks following an event because of lack of power, estimated economic losses fior municipal businesses are approximately $1 million 5. Monetary Value Assign a dollar value to primary damage, including contents. - 0 Assign dollar values to ancillary damage such as social benefits, environmental damage, and loss of function. - $1.5 million including economic loss and social benefit to residents. 6. Disaster Frequency -Document the years of repeated occurrence of the hazard also indicate declared disasters. - This problem occurred from the tornadoes that occurred in 1997, Hurricane Georges, September 1998 and Tropical Storm Mitch, November 1998 and will occur in any future wind event. All of these- events resulted in declared disasters. 7. Determine cost/benefit,ratio (divide costs by benefits dollar) value and include in project proposal. - $750,000 divided by`2,500000 = 1/3 14 • The Working Group concurred with the response to the DCA comments. Additional V,"orking Group Items: William Wagner advised Ms. Drewing to review sections of the First and Second Deliverables that pertain to the County's newly adopted Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, since only a draft document was available when these deliverables were prepared and submitted to DCA. There was some discussion about the impact of the State's Uniform Construction Code. There is concern as to what the impact will be (positive or negative) on local building codes, especially windload requirements. This issue has been raised in the Local Mitigation Strategy. Key Colony Beach Building Official, Ed Borsyswiecz pointed out that cost differential between constructing to 120 miles per hour and 155 miles per hour was only 8%. A comment was made that a provision be included in the LMS to ensure that government/public buildings must meet the same codes and standards as non-public buildings. The Group discussed the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) Workshops held last month by DCA. Most people thought that the application process was cumbersome and difficult. The presentations on the Benefit/Cost analysis were difficult to understand, unless, one was an engineer. Working Group members also felt that the time frames for completion of the applications were too restrictive. They do not allow sufficient time to gather all the information needed and comply with the process. It was recommended that the HMGP application process be simplified and streamlined. *This should be conveyed to DCA, possibly through the LMS document. It was suggested that someone should facilitate having professional engineers donate time to assist agencies, such as small non- profits, with the technical aspects of the application process. *Jeff Barrow of the School Board proposed that the Group produce an HMGP assistance manual. *It was also suggested that the Group develop a comprehensive resource manual for preparing HMGP projects. It is not clear whether the Group itself has authority to carry out such projects. *However, the concepts will be considered for the list of mitigation initiatives. Kathy Leiceister explained that DCA and FEMA will provide technical assistance to applicants and that DCA Engineer, Doug Palmer is in the County to help. *Denotes potential LMS mitigation initiative. ILI Landscape Presentation Deborah Shaw, Biologist for the Florida Keys Electric Cooperative (FKEC), provided an excellent presentation on the relation of landscaping to mitigation. She also distributed a very informative landscape brochure published by the Electric Coop. "A Guide To Planting Shrubs and Trees In And Around Electric Utility Rights -of -Way In The Florida Keys". Through her work with the FKEC, Ms Shaw deals with minimizing storm related landscape damage. The utility is concerned with maintaining the rights -of -way and keeping power lines clear of tree limbs, etc. to help prevent power outages. Deborah noted the following areas of concern for the Power Company: • Safety • Outages • Heavy Work Load • Trees overgrowing distribution lines The Keys are an especially difficult case because many people have vegetation in the rights -of- way, close to power lines and the plant material is often not properly maintained. In addition, Monroe County has a 12-month growing season, requiring continuous care. Another problem is that people do not use correct pruning techniques. Improper maintenance such as "hat racking" trees (cutting off the canopy or the crown of a palm) can starve and weaken trees, making them more susceptible to storm effects; thus creating more debris. It can also contribute to their death. Trim fronds and branches. When maintaining landscaping arborist guidelines should be used. To address the storm hazards that landscaping can present, a cooperative effort is needed. In right of way areas the property owner must properly trim trees by thinning the canopy (but not destroying it) to allow more windflow, thus reducing the chance for trees to topple over. The utility must provide sufficient staff and planning to safely maintain the rights -of -way. The Electric Coop. currently has five right-of-way teams. Ms. Shaw also pointed out the need to plant vegetation that is appropriate, will reduce hazards, and can readily adapt to local conditions such as extended dry periods and salt water intrusion. Tall growing plants should not be used under power lines. Certain varieties make good buffers for wind and noise. "Plant the right tree in the right place", Deborah soundly advised. Ms. Shaw warned of the dangers of exotic species, such as Australian pines, that can poison the soil and harm native plants. These trees, which are prolific in South Florida, also have shallow roots and can grow very tall, making them especially good targets for high winds; seriously contributing to debris problems. She advised that all agencies should be participants in the removal of exotic species and protection of native species V and promotion of their use. Monroe County and its municipalities have ordinances dealing with this issue. These were included in the Guiding Principles Index of the Mitigation Strategy. Ms. Shaw noted that controls are needed to facilitate the removal of exotics. For example, the County is promoting this process by no longer requiring a removal permit for homeowners if they eliminate less than ten exotic trees. Landscape ordinances should include mitigation provisions such as promoting removal of exotics, using native species, and preventing the planting of certain types of trees in public rights - of -way, and properly maintaining vegetation. Aesthetic requirements, such as the planting of specific street trees, should consider the potential hazardous effects. In many cases, tall street trees are recommended or required with no consideration for their effect on power lines and other potential hazards. In some places, e.g. Key West. Tree Commissions, developed to protect native and endangered landscaping, can be overly restrictive. Such agencies are responsible for granting permission for trimming and removal of certain trees. Unfortunately, these groups can sometimes be too zealous by prohibiting essential trimming of trees, especially those in rights -of -way. In fact, members of the public who attended the LMS forum in Key West raised this problem, and it should be addressed. Land Development Regulations need to restrict the use of taller growing trees under power lines. Government agencies should provide homeowners with a listing or map of utility right-of-way locations. Governments should set a good example by using prudent tree planting and trimming practices. Jeff Barrow noted that the School Board has special guidance for proper vegetation and that this could be shared with the Group and used for the landscape mitigation initiative. ,NO." of 12 noon the Group broke for lunch. Through the courtesy and generosit- of the City of Key Colony Beach, participants were served a delicious lunch at the Kev Colony Inn. The Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group heartily thanks the City for their wonderful hospitality. After lunch Ms. Shaw continued her presentation with slides showing good and bad examples of appropriate landscaping, especially for utility rights -of -way. Plant height and density is very important. Tiered planting is a recommended technique. This places taller material away from the right of way and uses compatible, attractive shorter plantings under the power lines. She used Gator Golf in the Upper Keys as an example of good-looking and appropriate use of native landscaping. Ms. Shaw discussed other unique considerations for the Keys, such as, use of xeriscaping, which employs native plants that do not require much water for survival. The current drought underscores the need for more use of this material. Ms. Shaw explained that mulch was very beneficial for maintaining moisture and inhibiting weeds; plus it is a good use of unwanted plant material. We must remember that trees are habitat for many kinds of wild life and native species, such as hardwood hammocks. and must be protected. Examples of measures that address native species and xeriscape are included in the Index section of the Guiding Principles in the LMS. Several resources for landscape programs were identified. These include the Exotic Species Group in the Department of Agriculture and the Monroe County Extension 17 Service. The Group suggested that Ms. Drewing contact the E'vension Service about participation in the landscape project and in the Working Group. (Since the meeting. Ms. Drewing has spoken with Doug Gregory of the County Extension Service. He was eery excited about the Groups efforts. Mr. Gregory noted that his agency has been receiving many calls from count\ residents about plant damage from Hurricane Georges. His office would like to conduct a project for mapping locations of landscape damage in the County and identif. ing types of damage. Janice suggested that this be a component of the Working Group's landscape initiative. The Extension Service has several publications that could be useful for the project. The Extension Service is interested in working with the Group and intends to send their Master Gardener, Jeff Stotts to the next meeting.) The Working Group was very appreciative of Ms. Shaw's fine presentation and thanks the Florida Keys Electric Cooperative for making her available to us. Landscape Initiative Despite the fact that debris removal and loss of landscaping are critical effects from wind events such as hurricanes, little attention has been given to the mitigation aspects of landscaping. Through the LMS process, particularly the public forum held in Key West, the Working Group recognized the importance of addressing this issue in a comprehensive manner. As such, the Group is developing a landscape mitigation initiative to be included in the Mitigation Strategy. Ms. Drewing used a flip chart to facilitate the Group' s work. It was noted that this was a particularly suitable project because the problems of loss of vegetation and debris removal were significant mitigation issues. The Group identified the many hazards and mitigation issues that the project would address. These include: Storm Related Hazards Debris Removal/Loss of Access Canal and Waterway Clearance Power Outages Environmental Hazards Loss of habitat Loss of beneficial vegetation, especially native species Mangrove protection Droughts Hazards Erosion Wildfires The landscape project will be a multi -disciplinary effort and require public/private coordination and cooperation. Agencies could include the following: Public Utilities e.g. City Electric, FKEC, Bell South Government Agencies County Biologist 18 OR Planners Building Officials Engineers Public Works Administrators Universities e.g. Extension Service School Board Licensed Arborists Private Businesses: Landscaping and Tree Trimming Services Nurseries and Stores with Garden Departments e.g. Scotties, Home Depot, and K- Mart The project would consist of several phases and products as outlined below: Study to research existing policies and programs including: Current County and municipal landscape ordinances, development regulations, and related provisions such as the City of Key West right-of-way Ordinance and the Key West Tree Commission. Search of other ordinances dealing with mitigation of landscape related issues. Florida California Product: Model Landscape Mitigation Regulations 2. Comprehensive review of existing literature dealing with proper landscape procedures and planting techniques and interviews with experts. Utility Brochures University and Private Publications Interviews with professionals in the field Product: Informational Brochure. The publication will be thorough, written in understandable language; and include illustrations, examples, and recommendations. Information will be provided on types of recommended vegetation, mitigation/pruning measures, time schedules, right of way considerations, maintenance, protection, emergency measures, and restoration. The pamphlet will include a one page summary checklist. 3. Landscape Damage Identification and Mapping In response to requests by Monroe County residents about landscape damage occurring from Hurricane Georges, the County Extension service would undertake a project to map locations of landscape damage in the County, identifying types of damage, and recommending possible mitigation measures. z Product: Map showing locations of landscape damage in Monroe County resulting fmm Hurricane Georges, identification of specific types of damage, recommendations on remedial and mitigation measures to prevent future damage and/or address specific damage occurring from Georges. Benefits: To date, little work has been done relating to the tremendous role that landscaping plays in creating and preventing hazards. The elements of this project propose to break new ground by researching the issue and developing specific information relating to hazard identification and mitigation measures Ms. Drewing was requested to use the information generated by the Group to formalize a landscape mitigation project for the LMS. The issue of restoring the existing desalinization plants in Monroe County was raised at LMS public forum held this February in Key West. Susan Loder, of the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA), informed the Group that FKAA is reactivating the reverse osmosis/desalinization facilities located in Stock Island and Marathon. She provided the members with written materials explaining the projects. They are exciting mitigation efforts, especially considering the potential disaster -related water problems in the Keys. These projects will be included in the Local Mitigation Strategy. Because of the Hurricane Drill scheduled for early May, the Working Group will have its next meeting on Wednesday, May 26, 1999 at 1:00 p.m. in the Key Colony Beach City Hall. All members should attend. The LMS mitigation initiatives will be considered at the May meeting. The meeting was adjourned at 4:00 p.m. Working Group Members and Distribution List: Chuck Weitzel Scott Newberry/Deborah Shaw Susan Loder Ken East/Jeff Barrow Jim Martin William Wagner, III Ed Borysiewicz Annalise M-Lachner/Jim Brush Deanna Lloyd Jerry O'Cathey/Kathy Leicester Kimberly Ogren/Ann Murphy George Born Stephanie Walters Lisa L. Gordon Alex Marks Michael Puto 20 Captain Jerry Holmes Steven Lawes Bruce Waite Mary Hensel Bob Deliere Becky Iannotta Diana Flenard Nancy Graham Reggie Paros, Public Safety Director Holland Brown Ray Kitchener Rip Tossup 21 Agenda for I MS Working Group Meeting Wednesdav, January 13 1999 1 p.m., Key Colony Beach Commission_ Chambers Status of First Deliverables 2. Determine Additional Members. Private Public Municipal Other 3. Ongoing Strategy for Second Deliverables. Copies of FIRM Maps Copies of Future Land Use Map from Comprehensive Plan Critical Facilities Inventories Location and listing of other public buildings and facilities, including schools Resource Recovery Sewage Treatment Repetitive Loss Data — local flood plain management official, Community Status Reports, and/ or state NFIP Office �.. Hazardous materials sites *Recent Disaster Experiences (Critiques, Evaluations, After -Action Reports, etc.) Historical flood data 4. Determine categories for potential Mitigation Initiatives and types of initiatives to consist of program, policy, and project initiatives including: Sample Categories: Evacuation Road Improvements/Signs Codes Study re: impact and consistency with new State Building Code Development of improved sign ordinances Types of Initiatives: a) Initiatives to reduce vulnerability Relocation • Storm proofing `�.r 0 Retro-fitting • New/Safer Construction b) Studies (including engineering studies) to identify cost beneficial mitigation activities Studies for roadway improvements Updated plans and procedures c) Existing mitigation initiatives identified in existing local government Capital Improvements Plans for future funding consideration Including "wishlists" d) Recommended program and policy actions and revisions to further promote effective hazard mitigation Better enforcement Hiring more personnel Creating a Mitigation Staff positions What is your priority for mitigation initiatives? 5. Future Meetings mw HISTORICAL PICTORIAL a �wowr., M1 ® Of ne ;ls, Homes, es Push ihil{tatloil JOH\ WATTS ,()ter County F-dltor hon — The Greater area t(ciav w-as clear debris, rushing re offkrs, stores and and making plans for ;gent winter season in '(),)owing a smashing, tg blow from flurri- tna last Friday and 3 ripped off roofs, gut- s, homes and shops. de - entire trailer courts, lephone, electric and services and left a trail vction from Seven -Mile ' t Key Largo. srktane dumped more hwbes of rainfall on a Thursday. Friday and Ay. redndna clothing. .re and other effects to tatad adding to ,ra +mta't- e hd,, f the strirm. in rly morning bouts of iv, the shrieking winds a velocity of 160 miles , according to Weather estimates. lie the widespread dam most impossible to des- evalua,e, very little fe was reported. Only ,own dead, two white A a Negro woman, were A. egro woman was iden- Stella Pitts. resident ock" in Marathon. The .en, whose bodl,s were off Key Largo, were not -i eyed missing and ap- dead, was Mrs. Buck y,,wife of the lslamorada Grundy, who was taken --,* General Hospital in st, with injuries suf- the hurrieaae. said he 9-:wife and .some triaxis a "human chain . and out for higher ground. lust ber Heap and was ray. In the darkness. he .ter. bogy had not been red At this *riling. Yeygoter btlldlag, al- thued, oft Page 4) Weather e-,ept 7.13 ]art nr. T",sa. t♦a -s 91' 78•- .00 74% ST' 80• .40 74% 82' 74. 2.61 85% ?9' 75. 9.50 87% :!V? .76' .60 77% r$; `80' .00 84% .-'-93' 80' .00 74% 1i'_ . 13.11 A Freeboofin' Newspaper Whaf Covers What's Lef f F AX D JL K Lr, TH Vol. VIiI No. 30 (Keynoter) --Vol. I No. 51 (Sun) Isiamorada Ocean Front Homes Hardest Hit By Mean Donna 10.1mo—da — Ocean front home, anc I,tr.l(iings were hard -I est hit :r: t1 c islamorada area during hurricane Donna. NeaTly every home, resort and busuu•ss building fronting on the ocean was either gutted or destrovcd. Many of the older wooden huiWings, some dating back to the '35 hurricane, were floated two and three blocks away. Some ended up on the Overseas Highway and others travelled even farther .toward the Gulf. Even well t>onstructe'd concrete block homes could not withstand the fora: The chesapeake S a a f o o d House. w-hfdt opened last tall. was gutted by water twettch Car` rind away thousands Of dollarsi worth of anttqueal.,which be -I )mg,ed to the BMW. family.;. The Ialander Motel was OOtn , pletely gutted and fHZftdt`e strewn over ninny squai;ttb. . of Islamorada. Plans were. an- nounced early this, weejt tbat rebuilding would begin is soon as possible. One building at the Olney Inn literally exploded with the two halves coming to rest about 75 feet apart_ Only one grocery store sur- vivtvl the blow. The Trading l,l.st vviis open late Friday night hefore the storm and opened up aeittn early Saturday morning after winds let up. Islamorati, residents were able to Obtaut ftwxf iu,d other necessities until the lust moment before the Damage Hits Damage to the Vlorids Keys Electric Cooperative Kne sys- tem has been estimated at $I: 00o,000 by Clan" Manager James Phillips. , Construction gangs f r o m Florida, Georgia' and MIX11111"iP pt, numbering 95, began se+tor` atlon the day slier the Hucr! cane Donna strUCX..'. The Marathon ;i'IvvPer. plant put out through .tit! etorta's! duration. This wasn't an. sadder, said PhUllps, "the pl=t. -was ~* ed to be hurricane 'proof-" . The system rostt 45 trans- mission structures in the Make- t'bon area alone. The Doles "-" designed to witl stand,140 mije an hour wind& Wind speeds re- r [ fJ uomeless g'., r•tw �. If We;e is anY4wmor•letiin this country .today; it's in'-tb`e mudville left by Hurricane Don, nitIn the Florida Keys. : A nong .the flattened build- ings the standing skeletons, the gutted and untouched. walks a •population undaunted by the most ferocious storm ever l4 strike the U. S. unin-. land. Daylight Saturday put the I- finishing touches to what was already a nightmare. Only this was stark reality. Few persons who retrained to ride out the storm realized what really #tad happened out- side. An old man sat crying on a smashed fence. A pelican with a broken leg whimpered in the littered streets. This -was rbe thing that always happens to the other fellow — only the tables were turned - Boat rentals once gaily decor- ated with sea skiffs were smashed beyond g'ecogctltlon. Boats were hurled . roughly overland by Wind -pushed water. Hours before there were houses, businesses. .; Now there were few. There was at first talk of quitting the town. This noon laded. The strong would not con - skier such a move. Then the humor faded. THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER 15. 1%0 Those who lost the most wore - - -- the dierrtuI face. It was and Is a standing — and grim — joke as to who lost the most Humor gripes were. ahed about soup kitchens. For in a matter of minutest. the banker, the shrimper, the waiter, the lawyer and the clergy were of the same tom, cumstances. ,t,,rm and replenish their sup- Two hours had oomphtldy°- pi ins following the blow. des,trayed the system Of variottt . I'oucher's Supermarket was aOrJalleveia, �.; gutted by wind and water after It was a sad time ... a t{m! a 1xilm tree was blown through to thank God. •.atime toWeep the rear wall. The health de. - - - a time to smile ... a'I M1L' pa rtinent ordered the store to remember . a time t0 fQF burned Wednesday. P f."--'- A grim Donna Short . tSho!s- -- was 0m, save the aftermadv_ tr Million corded exceeded 160 mph ■a�f.int 'TR91 jY.'Aars. Phillips paid the system£ai�'X<. would be replaced as before flit storm. Restoring feeder lines t• the prime project at the mo ment_ Power to households will follow. 111t A shortage of some vital ma- atrro.fi,='.fiaa. tertais racy, delay r'epalra, the ltldq, tltttY fltrn�b :til+fi manager warned that .fotmea rid Wrist Taveemlwo power was To. stored 20IL hours after the bur t = rirans passed through. Trams Men *fact �gVotved t°' mission line damage there was stritCttotl ttIh0111a aLo,ieaVW small. The `$W !!Tanta 6 L1 _ wSW ;>f►.Kd '"The situation is getting lack to normal," stated Phillips. ;'?dor4f:latts 0 sc�tt� `People'ars beginning to gripe feeWe> •iitt IiBdCi a little. food center +s- "ACtnally; fie said. "the peo. lhot�t;r >�tn I C ple have been wonderful. sits lot l)tteater IlaratliOtz LANDMARK — Olney Inn, a favorite vacation spot at Islomoroda for the likes of former President An Acknowledgment Thanks for the pictures and narrative in this book on Hurricane Donna go largely to the photo- graphers and reporters of The Keynoter with a handy assist from The Sun. Staff newsmen of both publications were in the thick of the storm for on -the -spot reports and pictures. With communications and transportation at a standstill following the September 10, 1960, storm, earliest news reports were made available to Keys people and the waiting U. S. mainland by Harry S. Truman, was left a shambles by Donna. The most disheartening loss: scores of palms. However, this account could not have been published without the help of our photographer friends — amateur and professional. Publication Editors: Charles H. Deal John Watts THE PICTURES IN THIS BOOK WERE TAKEN BY: Keynoter Staffers Sun Staffer Charles H. Deal Clarence Sallee John Watts Other Contributors Edith Bollard Watts Walter Shone BEFORE AND AFTER — At left is Blueberry Hill Restourant on Indian Key fill, restored after the 1935 hurricane, pictured before Hurricane Donna struck, Below, only rem- nants of the foundation pilings remain after Don- na passed through Note railroad ties at left, part of F E C. railway track skirt,ng property. zw s-� r.��.ly-mot. �, - •RIC - ~�=� _ �_-F'. __�� -�� - �.•sym 7,• '• yam. 1' X L DISASTER STRUCK the Voca Cut Bridge after the hurricane when a run- away barge smashed the pipeline and several of the span's concrete pil- lars View at left shows pipe relaid on bridge after accident photo below shows the ruptured pi- lings broken at the water- line and dangling. 1 000090 - • , - IN A" a' r TELEPHONE LINEMEN, electric co- operative personnel and Navy pipe - crews restored utilities to most resi- dents within two weeks of Donnu's disastrous visit. Forty-five power aoles — tested tc withstand 145 mph winds — were toppled in the Marathon area alone. CLFANING-UP Donna's mess, left was a took requiring weeks of diligent work. Trees houses, furniture and olmost every- thing imaginable littered streets and. ,00dsides Federal aid ossi,ted in finon- ing some of the work Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Third and Fourth Deliverables. October 31, 1999. ATTACHMENT Hurricane Donna Historical Pictorial THIS BEAUTIFUL HOME on tho Gulf was l r:_ ric c,liy demolished by Hurricane Donna DONNA —Worst Storm In U. S. History Hurricane Donna, most destructive tropical ,,tc rm in the history of the United States Weather Lureou, was spawned the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa, near Dakar, on Aug. 29, Packing winds of 130 miles per hour it crossed the Atlantic and raged through the Windward Islands Passing north of Puerto Rico on Sept. 5, �%ith its winds stepped up to 150 miles per hour it headed northwest by west for the Bahama Islands No hurricane in history was ever more widely _r more thoroughly publicized than Hurricane Don- i,� Cn Sept 7, the Miam, Weather Bureau warned r� -:t if the hurricane c^ntinued cn its course it w: ul(; strike the Florida Key area A h,-,rricone ''alert" was orc:ered fcr the Kevs n that date The fnllnw,nr; Thursday, Sept 8 the ;)lert' was changed t,, a full-fledged Fu)rri(Cr)e w,)rning The dread flags, red with black squares, were hr ,fed at 1 1 a m at six points in the Greater Marathon area That day, Marathon's official weather ob- server, Laurence Campbell, warned that Donna was Teas ing through "hurricane alley" between Cuba f Flo rida and was heading straight for the Keys ALL DAY THURSDAY AND FRIDAY F!,rido Ke,�, r.. ,i,!cnts busied themselves boarding up busi- t,lr,r. and homes � ;me elected to , toy, about Sr) {,c�r rr nt r,f persons livino in the nreo from H) Sri to T,')vernier pocked ht,rriedly cod (;-,,,e r l ,,ven, ;r) Homestead or Miami was a windy day, with skies overeast, ti,. - ri,i from the nnrthwest c)t 16 m p ii ,rid f"• t ea, at S"mbrero Key Lighth.�u e, ft,,e f ,)rathon, on the cri ;e cJ the Coif Steam HURRICANE DONNA THE v%'CRST HURRICANE s,r,ce the III -famed Labor Day 11;_w in 1935, D,:nr.c: iceled the Upper Keys bock on their heels, but net f,,r long Many of the pecp!e who sta,.cd on the Upper Keys Fr,day night, Sept 9, I %nt .ere somewhat experienced at sitting out hurric ones or were well prepared Tr-, and a lot of luck, Dove been credi red for the kttle loss of life \.I,en the winds ap proaching 200 miles per hour cr,,ssed this narrow chain of Islands separating the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean Monv r>f those who stayed were in the hurn -one shelters at the old county building and Meth- odist Church in Islamorada, the Florida Keys Clinic and Florida Keys Electric Cooperative warehouse in Tavernier and the Key Largo Fire House. Others remained in their homes, motels cr business build- ings which the, considered to be safe The pati, of the veering storm kept the Upper Keys in the dangerous northeast quadrant as it lowly approached and the eve passed over the Long Key area TELEPHONE SERVICE in Islamorada was cut off shorty, after midnight, but ;; few telephones in Tavernier and some above were operative through the entire stc)rm and afterward Electric ' service was dis'o;'ed at different times In the vorious parts of tke area, but portion,, of Islamc r;;r c, still had electric,-, c late as 1 30 a m , oppro-irnately an hour before the worst part of the storm Winds cif increasing velocity coupled with via lent tornad )es ripped roofs from buildings, blew down trees and stove in windows doors and walls and drove waves as high as 12 feet to inundate some low areas where water could back up After roofs, doors and windo,^'s hod been rip- ped open, swirling water swept rcx%ms of many build- ings and homes clean carrying kitchen appliances, furniture, clr,thing and valued p-)ssessions of hun dreds of families into the streets, mangrove thickets and even into the Florida Bay and the islands off shore. Weight was little deterrent to the great forces of nature Which carried refrigerator,, automobiles and sections of buildings for from their original locations IN THE UPPER KEYS vrc,: -act' U S NAVY PHOTO Some per:,>le, including members of the Flor- ida Keys Sun staff who stayed to report the event, were forced to abandon their shelters and seek higher ground ns water rose, roofs blew off or walls collapsed FIVE CHARTER BOATS tied securely at the dock on ravaged Windley Key were ripped from their moorings and strewn as for as )ewfish Creek where a fisherman caught Capt Henry Clifford's Snowbird II as it was about to float across the Overseas Highway Ocean fr,:nt buildings caught the brunt of the torm in the Upper Keys Most of the buildings on jr near the beach were gutted or completely des- troyed. The Islander Motel, Islamorada's largest, was Mom$ MIM �.'1. s Shorty, after daw ri cn bcr<, .-f tl,e Keynoter staff forced open c.>axin, t t:. tr:rtk,, C),it' - I-eaded west r,n U 1 ant; tlr ..cr c�;5t Marathon was a ,l, Idcs Gant new creosoted poles, ,lesvgned to with :'rtrrncane vair-, k, up to 1 50 miles per hour, 1: :;; l en , no{opcd in half, or tv.uted os if by o m(,ri-tt nd Lloilit and telcf,hone wires littered the high-,,, :ncl side streets The destructii n appolling lie m,es and office buildings her; rr ,. unr<x,fed un,1 n,)ped onart H,;u'.e trade" .� _ '.cluttered, ill' trciIIer pork wc, :, fumble „f .., :i;(' ..:tl: not C,ne r,i.,I)ile home escoping 0 -x 0--'x CABIN CRUISERS c, n-mere tc;l ,hing .%ere riding the i c'ne fast cr;'„n Inb F�a;l „.;;hed clear acr pitting r,pr:'tl,t vrr, t�,e Irrt in f the Americon Legion building Directly across f:, r,, the Legion b.,i':ling, Marathon's colored sect n The Rock'', wu , still under everul feet :,f - tie, ;C�er'al autCn..,b:lei were buried under water :. ;i debris Escyles' Bcatyord, sco re,, -f had sourP ' refu']e frc.m P- .vcv a erl(- ,,f lles- t;.r, tt '.. .- i lr.� t 1 �rtr•r is it ..- e nhlr•,? h-)cth,_r in ,. f lintercrl li,,ll, ns en,i tted Mr�r;tru n , finc•,t 11 tc! m_;rr, f i ore 1„cnte' n U,C' Cnrlf ,i,+r, el,r. :,' ! cnrr, caught the full fury r f t,urriruror wt'r:•ilrn,r,t w:th;,rit exception deg "t ;t<, l b,, the wind and enstimoj wu.es Duriim;(, t ,.rnC ran a', 1--Ih a; 90 per cent rrr• i M<:rr, .. f;;„ i,, lnnrlrrnrG•• %. 1\RKET survived st, ,t was ordered ;-,it ct, h`• health officer -(,use of !o-•d cant.,,,, ,, in coupled with thre . of c1sease dOCks 11g1'Ithouse, vie Of lc t—)ny milet or Sea, still stood olthcty-,r its c nectno d,.: . .. washed a .av A 70-ft 1,. .. :. t c n d t:. , boats 1,;d foundered cnri sunk in the basin Trees, wires, poles, and s qns were down aver hie (1�wntown sect. -n Mattresses and fury Lure, which had floated out r f homes and bus:n, establishments, littered tl e highwav Evidence> of cyclonic fc;rces within the hu- cone came to light as The Keynoter survey to pressed ea,,tward In severcl sections between t'.wn ivli;r .1 an and Marr.tn,'n Shores hug( poles 1t,,o' I_,uen ripped rn,t f_r stretches as if r wind hc;d struck with irrc,.._tible ferocity it ccrt : spots and slopped others 0--T 0--r NIGHTFALL SATURDAY found the Fl,;ri,' Keys areo from Seven -Mile Bridge to Tavern r without 1•�7l,ts, water and in many indiv,dr, instonrc•, .ti:throut transph.rt_;tion During the rl : news filtered in that the water pipeline had I,c, washed)Lit in of least five places, with one go[) more than 1,000 feet at Tea Table Bridge, sou'` of Islamorada. Navy crews arrived from Key West durin . the duy, ,c_t up on emergency canteen at the Mar thori f i,e r,,.use and began feeding the stnckc comrnurl:t,, Other Navy crews continued through to Tr Table Bndye and began the monumental task n only „f rer,tc;ring the wuslred out pipeline but installing on emergency bridge to carry traff: acrr.•_s the r;ev�r,totecl span Alone with the Navy came a detachment U S Marines. who took over the job of potrollin ; the Marathon area to keep down pilfering, prowl ing and loating of homes and business houses. mony of which were open to the winds and wend'," ,Tv' � - y{rlr- � `• }ky i-a t �' 3 N r �4c. i i..�Ft. #'L` Y . �Y `� ♦ r..-cxt 'T"'�•i� rrx . _� ,-p p Tii �!�'it r`' 0.S�r'.sY� t .L. f�. .� c � .a?Re � ► `�rT yt ��l =s s. y� .� • � t �� f r [ � r r.� ice. �.�� i �� "i .,�,.�. ^r. •�'' t`'�� .a .eF� _. --i/ `-u,r ?f w 4 ;-4 if�}b *•'�:r, tt tl d tab ,� f • .� .: 4.rJ §�'l';� p m�ti 'r rrv�-.4 -ram �" �� S'sa .y � A,�, ,• t�}>,'Kr2•`"gL�� xri ii .�' t^�fi,�Y � �d�'•• s . +.-t�r++yyq.,,..� 5 s� x �_ r� .}r � _ a �iy, Y h. ) . � �A � ♦ 1,-r( rtw♦ Yd • S .k T� ' Y'- /i' S 4 ; ) 4 f h, �,r �,t'?%r fi }Jar°- �'� _ 'rc-�..t • •��y„1 r ^cr51� �._c�-,..T,-...s- v Pot 4r�. � r, t .� °`�.. J4 • � � G y, 'r ''4 � � �. .a r �� 'r _r'L �r �e2'l •.. 7. _' z �.y t� :� � : .st. �•W. s.� r z 5 _may-.r �, ��` Sys ` _'� IyIY „�-,I iArl •. ,l1 � r��,• • _ = yY q �s ��- � i ,.•,r:NA 7.�`�rs.1� � � rh i f T,st ° � � 4♦% , tj't l-.� i as ,! � ,�iv. 1 r S Y J - � M f ar r` r f r ♦ . f 't � ^. .i ( .i • L S ,'fir �: r 1 �� rr 4�•. ;'.� } '�� ♦ "��, + SJ_� {{S1t MA��ON4� �� s �•, L' � _� ` a •j``- i l��" � art f ?-n r � ��} t -�' Syr .: •j 4_' *e � � � _►� z .;poir i 4 � r��'� ry r < t y -.5, y s•r f:3 Siy' ?,'t i Ci A ��t �-fc�Y � ' � � •4r 'lEirf 'ti.a ` s-: < < s Y �� r �-: i *. e-a r , � � r f +r u� y wf r : 'x tY r`+.*'`i' } • > s� <. r ri t l ♦ t ♦ S' x Z • / • �. • • -�: _ BPI • ^-L •' i1 mow.. AERIAL VIEWS, snapped from a helicupte! Beach apartments on Key Colony Be Saturday, the day the hurricane abate,', -; :•e fed by the wind Below, the north c: graphic evidence of tornadic force within the to Tea Table Bridge near Islamoradc, whirling winds. Photo at top shows the SUrI et gap in bridge (Official Nov, r� • -goo-- nM DAMAGE on varied fronts is shown in these photos. Top, ruined trailers clog a street in a Marathon Trailer Pork. At right, Navy crews push the job of repairing the ruptured pipeline in the Upper Keys Lower photo shows debris in isiomorada b e f o r e cleanup work started M ht-fill \1 f `I A HOUSES ON STILTS were supposed to be best pro- tection against a hurricane, but this one on Grassy Key proved second best to Donna Wind toppled this dwelling like a house of cards z !•yi1? FAMED SEAFOOD house at Islamorado was a heavy loser to Donna. Thousands of curios were either ruined or washed away.