Item O2 0.2
G BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
County of Monroe Mayor Sylvia Murphy,District 5
The Florida Keys l'U � � Mayor Pro Tern Danny Kolhage,District 1
�pw° Michelle Coldiron,District 2
Heather Carruthers,District 3
David Rice,District 4
County Commission Meeting
September 18, 2019
Agenda Item Number: 0.2
Agenda Item Summary #5966
BULK ITEM: No DEPARTMENT: Extension Services
TIME APPROXIMATE: STAFF CONTACT: Alicia Betancourt(305) 453-8747
11:00 A.M.
AGENDA ITEM WORDING: Presentation of a Resolution which acknowledges receipt of the
recommendations as developed by the Monroe County Climate Change Advisory Committee and
directs County staff to review for consistency with previous BOCC action .
ITEM BACKGROUND: The BOCC is requested to acknowledge receipt of the recommendations
of the Climate Change Advisory Committee to be reviewed by staff. The purpose of the
recommendations is to minimize climate change impacts and to increase the sustainability of the
communities within the Florida Keys. The recommendations include mitigation of future impacts by
reducing community-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 40%below 2012 levels by 2030 and
to identify local adaptation needs for protection against future sea level rise. The recommendations
have been designed to support three primary functions:
1. Provide public input to County staff regarding potential County actions; and
2. Inspire residents and businesses to participate in community efforts to address climate change
issues; and
3. Demonstrate Monroe County's commitment to climate change mitigation and adaptation.
These recommendations seek to reduce GHG emissions and address mitigation and adaptation
strategies in municipal and community-wide activities. The recommendations contain strategies,
goals and actions that can help the County's efforts and inspire the incorporated municipalities, by
creating a actions so that everyone can have a role in creating and achieving climate and
sustainability goals.
PREVIOUS RELEVANT BOCC ACTION:
• 2007: BOCC approved the Monroe County Mayor's Climate Agreement Resolution 235-2007
• 2010: BOCC approved the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Compact by Resolution 022-
2010
• 2010: BOCC commitment to reduce county GHG emissions 20%below 2005 levels by 2020,
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Resolution 067-2010
• 2012: BOCC Adoption of the Energy Efficiency Conservation Strategy Resolution 102-2012,
• 1/19/11: BOCC passed a resolution establishing a Climate Change Advisory Committee(CCAC)
to make recommendations regarding climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies
• 3/13/13 —BOCC accepted the Draft Climate Action Plan
• 09/17/13 BOCC accepted the final Monroe County Climate Action Plan
CONTRACT/AGREEMENT CHANGES:
Recomandations from the Climate Change Advisory Committee
STAFF RECOMMENDATION: To be determined.
DOCUMENTATION:
Exhibit A- MCAP 2.0 Final
REVISED 9 9 19 RESOLUTION for Adoption of CAP 9-18-19 Rev
FINANCIAL IMPACT:
Effective Date: 9/18/2019
Expiration Date: None
Total Dollar Value of Contract: 0
Total Cost to County: To be determined on implementation
Current Year Portion: 0
Budgeted: N/A
Source of Funds: To be determined
CPI: N/A
Indirect Costs: None
Estimated Ongoing Costs Not Included in above dollar amounts: N/A
Revenue Producing: No If yes, amount:
Grant: No
County Match: No
Insurance Required: No
Additional Details: Any implementation efforts will require BOCC approval
None- Staff time only
REVIEWED BY:
Alicia Betancourt Completed 08/23/2019 2:02 PM
Pedro Mercado Completed 08/23/2019 4:10 PM
Budget and Finance Completed 08/27/2019 7:53 AM
Maria Slavik Completed 08/29/2019 9:31 AM
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Kathy Peters Completed 08/29/2019 9:39 AM
Board of County Commissioners Pending 09/18/2019 9:00 AM
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ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
Developed and prepared by the Monroe County Climate Change Advisory Committee- March, 2013 Updated
August, 2019.
This Monroe County Climate Action Plan is the result of true collaboration - this document and its supporting
publications are the product of resources from various individuals and agencies. No additional public dollars
were dedicated to this effort. The Monroe County Climate Change Advisory Committee and support staff came
together with purpose and realized the value of sharing resources, expertise and information. Challenges
became successes. Many have contributed to the process and this document. The committee members and
advisory staff are recognized here. E
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Vicki Boguszewski MPH, Chairperson
Lisa Kaul, Vice-Chairperson
Jerry W. Lieberman, Jr
Michael Larson
Natalia Duke
Caroline Horn
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Valsin Marmillion
Robert Glazer
Jerry Lorenz
Ed Russo
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Michelle Robinson, Monroe County `d
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TJ Patterson, FL Keys Electric Cooperative
Julie Cheon, Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority
Alison Higgins, City of Key West
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Chris Bergh, The Nature Conservancy
Alicia Betancourt, University of Florida IFAS, Monroe County Extension Director
Kelsey Shannon, OF-IFAS Intern
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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................4
A. O VER VIEW...................................................................................................................................................................4
IL LOCAL ACTIONS AND POLICIES FOR ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE VARIABILITY................................5
A. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................................5
B. THE KEYS'STRONGEST ASSET:ECOSYSTEM VALUES............................................................................................... 7 2
C THE POLICY CONTEXT OF CLIMATE PLANNING.......................................................................................................9
DefiningVulnerability and Risk..........................................................................................................................................9 °2
Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact.........................................................................................................10
MonroeCounty ...............................................................................................................................................................10
D. PURPOSE, SCOPE AND PROCESS............................................................................................................................. 11 °®
Purpose...........................................................................................................................................................................11 t 3
Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................11
Process ...........................................................................................................................................................................12
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III. THE SCIENCE AND DATA ...................................................................................................................................13
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A. CLIMATE SCIENCE.................................................................................................................................................... 13
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CO2and Temperature......................................................................................................................................................14
Sea Level Rise(SLR)and the Effects of the Florida Current................................................................................................15
SaltWater Intrusion.........................................................................................................................................................16
Severity of Storms and Rainfall Patterns............................................................................................................................16 2
B. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS.................................................................................................................................... 17
Public Health Impact Assessment and Vulnerability ...........................................................................................................18
EconomicImpacts ...........................................................................................................................................................20
TourismImpacts..............................................................................................................................................................21
4-
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IV. PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................................22
V. CLIMATE ACTION PLAN GOALS&ACTION ITEMS............................................................................................23 0
LEADERSHIP.....................................................................................................................................................................23 00
IDENTIFYAND MONITOR RISKS& VULNERABILITIES.....................................................................................................24
EDUCATIONAND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT..................................................................................................................25 °
NATURALSYSTEMS...........................................................................................................................................................27 R
BUILTENVIRONMENT.......................................................................................................................................................32
WATER RESOURCES& WASTEWATER..............................................................................................................................37
RENEWABLEENERGY......................................................................................................................................................40
SOLIDWASTE&RECYCLING...........................................................................................................................................41 °®
TRANSPORTATION............................................................................................................................................................43
PUBLICHEALTH...............................................................................................................................................................45 0
APPENDIX A: COMPLETED ACTION ITEMS.................................................................................................................48
APPENDIX B: POLICY ACTION ITEMS..........................................................................................................................50
APPENDIX C:ALL ACTION ITEMS................................................................................................................................51
3
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Welcome to the Monroe County Climate Action involving subject matter experts and stakeholders
Plan 2.0 (MCAP2). The Monroe County Climate from public and private sectors, universities and
Change Advisory Committee (CCAC), in not-for-profit organizations. These stakeholders
coordination with OF IFAS Extension and Monroe brought subject area knowledge as well as
County staff, developed the Monroe County Climate information on successful initiatives already
Action Plan (MCAP) through a collaborative effort in underway. Many of the recommendations build
2013. This document was a critical milestone of the upon best practices throughout our region. Others mE
CCAC, which was charged with the development of delve into new areas which call for the integration of Zs
climate-related recommendations for the Monroe climate change into planning and decision-making
County Board of Commissioners. The MCAP set processes in ways that few local governments have
forth a 5-year plan, to be reviewed at the end of the yet implemented.
term. The MCAP 2.0 documents the current state of
climate change. The Committee reviewed the
progress made in the original document noting the There are 84 action items detailed in the plan's 10
goals that have been achieved and areas where focus areas to be accomplished over the next 5
progress could be made. Research was conducted years, with annual reports to mark progress. The
on additional environmental concerns for the county recommendations will be implemented through
and community in order to revise the original several approaches including:
document and set forth additional action items for
Monroe County. The recommendations presented • The development of policy guiding documents by ID
here accomplish those goals while also serving to local governing bodies;
protect Monroe County's unique quality of life and The development of operational guidance
economy, guide future investments, and foster documents;
livable, sustainable and resilient communities.
• The development of consistent goals and
measures throughout the various governments in
The Committee has united best practices with the County;
current climate science, staff reports, and data • A coordinated multi-disciplinary outreach and
obtained through projects recommended in the education
MCAP to provide the revision of the Climate Action program; and <
Plan. The Plan calls for concerted action in further
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and • Processes for Every organization in
anticipating and adapting to local impacts of a focused and the regionhasaroleto
changing climate. The plan provides steps to move prioritized play in making Monroe
towards resiliency and reduce emissions by investments. County a resilient and
exploring alternative policies and practices. It
creates a platform for public outreach and public sustainablecornmunity. E
policy development to effectively communicate the The objective is to
steps from risk to resiliency with the general public, integrate climate
voters, elected officials and decision makers in adaptation and mitigation into existing systems and
Monroe County, Florida. build on the developed plan that can be
implemented through local organizations. It
provides the integrated framework for a more
The recommendations put forth in this plan were resilient Monroe County community starting today,
developed through a collaborative process for tomorrow, and into the future.
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11. LOCAL ACTIONS AND POLICIES FOR ADAPTING
TO CLIMATE CHANGE VARIABILITY
A.111111114 11111 111 IIII 11111 11111 III
The Florida Keys are on the front lines of climate dramatic and are already being witnessed through
change impacts such as sea level rise and increases in the melting of Arctic sea ice, an
increased hurricane intensity. While greenhouse expansion of the tropical zone, and the rate of sea
gas emissions produced within the Monroe County level rise caused by melting glaciers, the heating
region constitute only a small percentage of (thermal expansion) of the oceans and melting ice .9
national and global quantities, Monroe County, sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. In the last 100
because of its unique vulnerabilities to sea-level years, there has been an increase of approximately
rise and our international presence as a premier 11-inches for the annual mean sea level here in 0
tourist destination, has an opportunity to south Florida. It is predicted that sea levels will rise
demonstrate leadership on this global issue through 6-12 inches by 2030 and 14 to 34 inches by 2060
continued critical policies, practices and depending on the carbon emissions scenario'. In
investments that will continue reductions addition, the rate of global sea level rise has been o
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and prepare us accelerating, rather than increasing steadily, which
0
for the unavoidable impacts of climate change. We has the potential to double the total projected sea
clearly have the most to lose. If sea-level rise is not level rise when compared to projections that
addressed, the Florida Keys may eventually assume a constant rate2.
become unlivable.
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Numerous estimates of future sea-levels have been o
made on both global and regional scales with
regional South Florida planning guidance available a
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from a research paper on sea level rise projections �
developed by the Sea Level Rise Technical Ad Hoc .�
Working Group of the Southeast Florida Regional
Climate Compact entitled Unified Sea Level Rise °®
Proiec! tion. The projection was an integration of IR
IR
similar analyses recently conducted by the US a.
Army Corps of Engineers, the South Florida Water
Management District, Miami-Dade Climate Change
Task Force Science and Technology Committee,
Ng,nre 1. Noaatng in KevLargo R.xag Broward County Climate Change Task Force ®
The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation are Science and Technical Subcommittee and Florida w
causing an increase in greenhouse gases in the Atlantic University.
Earth's atmosphere. There is consensus among E
climatology scientists that this IS driving 1 Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact Sea Level Rise
unprecedented climate change. Post-industrial Work Group (Compact). October 2015. Unified Sea Level Rise
human activity has cumulatively created an Projection for Southeast Florida. A document prepared for the
unprecedented negative impact on global climate Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact Steering
processes resulting in accelerated changes in Committee.35 p.
climate change patterns that could threaten the
future security and stability of sovereign nations levelrise-
h- /clirnate,r7asa,�ov/trews/268�/r7ew-study-fir7ds-sea-
and human society. The consequences are rise-acceleratir7�!
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Given the overwhelming consensus that
%0%,lTHNE.E;mill... FLORIDA DA �„ anthropogenic or "man-made" greenhouse gas
emissions are contributing to global climate
change, Monroe County is joining an increasing
/i%/ / If /, number of local governments committed to
',%�/////��j�// /���% �� my�� � addressing climate change at the local level. The
C
o i/ fi `j //„ / County recognizes the risk that climate change
poses to its constituents and is acting now to
reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, or
"carbon footprint", of both its government
operations and the community at-large through the
Planning decisions for future public and private innovative programs laid out in the original, and this
projects and adaptation efforts must continue to revised Climate Action Plan. Ultimately, local action
recognize the need to address sea-level rise. The is needed to continue reductions in Monroe
current local and regional sea-level rise projections
County's contribution toward the problem of climate
only account for the loss of ice from ice sheets and change and adapt to its current and future effects. 0
glaciers that has already occurred, however they do
not account for the acceleration in future ice-sheet
melting. Therefore, we should consider current
M
estimates to be conservative and optimistic.
Planning decisions should continue to take into
consideration the highest sea level rise predictions.
The long-term costs of having to implement ' ;r
adaptation measures intended to help cope with
climate change impacts due to inaction and the w ' "
subsequent negative consequences to the
economy, social structure and environment make it
necessary to continue and update mitigation
actions now to avoid or minimize long-term
adaptation costs; even though mitigation may be
costly in the short-term. We still have a chance now
to prevent the worst impacts of climate change. As
we act effectively, we should be able to limit both
the magnitude of climate change and the severity of This Climate Action Plan takes advantage of <
its impacts. The two major approaches to successes from the initial plan, common-sense
addressing the potential negative aspects of approaches, and cutting edge policies that our local
climate change are mitigation and adaptation. government is uniquely positioned to implement to
Mitigation involves actions to reduce GHG engage, and partner with local private sector
emissions to reduce the amount and speed of interests on actions that can reduce energy use and
climate change. Adaptation involves actions to waste, create local jobs, improve air quality,
reduce the impacts of climate change on existing preserve our local landscape and history, and in
society and the environment. Both mitigation and many other ways benefit Monroe County for years
adaptation strategies are contained within this to come.
document.
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In researching the four most important factors for While addressing natural threats, it is also
adapting to climate change, the Florida Keys are important to provide information about positive
found to host all and more of the natural resources benefits gained with an actionable adaptation plan.
that provide sustenance and quality of life. Growing evidence suggests the correlation of
negative news associated with sea level rise and
major storm events to stigma, which can undermine
According to a study by the PEW Charitable Trusts, the future well-being of a community. Evidence that
"mangrove, seagrass, salt marshes, and coral reefs actions are being taken to reduce risk and
sustain ocean life and help mitigate climate vulnerability in a region undermine negative
change." The Keys' best defense will be multiple perception and limit the impact of such stigma.
lines of offense, taking advantage of unrivaled
natural resources that, if utilized appropriately, will
extend the viability of the Keys for generations to Monroe County has strived to prepare for these
come. changes by adopting an Energy and Climate 0
element within the Comprehensive Plan including w
the identification of Adaptation Action Areas (M-
2.1).
When thinking about a sustainable future, 0
the questions we ask about utilizing the
strengths and natural assets of our Government alone cannot sustain the economy of
ecosystem will provide the answers for Monroe County but acting in concert with its
designing a strong and viable Florida Keys, citizens and the private sector, government can
prepare for the new normal. This can build w
confidence through policy and practice that
investments will be sound and that communities will OW
prosper in the future by adapting to the change at
Resiliency is the ability to bounce back from hand. The benefits of building with nature and living 0.
disasters. Adaptation is accepting a "new normal" with water will sustain the environment and yield
and in this case, defining advanced solutions for personal and economic dividends to the residents
building with nature and living with water. It is a of the Keys.
given that sea level rise will upset traditions and
norms. What is not known is if communities will
choose to be reactive or proactive in adapting to the Sustaining the natural environment to support a
new norm. With known data demonstrating strong economy is not a new idea. After trial and U
increasing risk and vulnerability, waiting to react will error, the Dutch have been implementing this
be costly and the path of highest risk of exposure to concept with success for decades. If anything, over
loss of living standards. The challenges posed by time our complacency about how the natural :2
rising seas and dramatic storm events are environment connects to economic progress may
substantial. Adaptation strategies should be have allowed for letting down our guarding of
considered to sustain natural resources to support natural assets. 0
social, economic, and environmental assets. When
thinking about a sustainable future, the questions
we ask about utilizing the strengths and natural Early work by the America's ETLA D Foundation
assets of our ecosystem will provide the answers (AWF) along the Gulf Coast demonstrated a need
for designing a strong and viable Florida Keys. for resiliency following major hurricane events. The
Foundation reported that without attention to
building with nature and living with water, local and
state finances that sustain built infrastructure will be
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stressed. This led to research on how the private Align and integrate disaster preparedness
sector, operating in concert with the public sector, and communications plans with an
can change to meet the new normal demands and adaptation plan.
respond and adapt to ensure a strong economic
future. The concept of "Adapt & Do" arrives at a
time when hundreds of resiliency reports lead up to Moving from planning to action is of utmost
the point of implementation but stop short of real importance. Tens of millions of dollars nationally
action. The opportunity is to digest findings and have gone into resiliency planning but the need for
move to adaption solutions and action. island communities is for timely adaption actions
that focus on implementing sound strategies. These
solutions can take the form of demonstration 2
Keys residents have a real opportunity to adapt to projects because what we learn in the Keys will be
change as pro-active agents to meet island of value beyond our region. As early adaptors of
community challenges. Adaptation criteria corrective actions, we respond to two critical needs: mE
developed by the AWF through a Sea Safe we signal we are establishing a foundation for Zs
Community adaptation program offers a glimpse future economic growth and attract global attention
into actions that play to coastal community to the physical demonstrations of projects that will
strengths. They include: assume a leading role on the front lines of sea level U
rise. Both of these outcomes speak to more
• Create a Sea Safe community plan with prosperous opportunities in the face of historic
public and private strategies and challenges.
generational timelines as a guide
incorporating known sea level predictions. Assuming a leadership role will elevate the actions
• Apply soft and hard engineering solutions taken by Keys communities in the global
conversation, bringing greater opportunities for
for water storage, capture, and storm water grants, funding and partnerships and adding to the
collection and removal. positive brand reputation of our island communities.
• Enhance economic value through water
integration in parks, recreational areas, low-
lying areas, and mixed-use developments.
• Grow coastal assets and protection through
beach sand nourishment, the establishment
and/or expansion of dunes/berms, planting
of native grasses and plants.
• Lead in adaptation development - adaptive
homes in water communities; green roofs
and walls, raised housing, water integrated
neighborhoods, and canopy expansion.
• Develop private storm and housing assetsu
<
around water and the sun including, solar This demonstration of public/private will is, in part,
power, storm windows, building foundations, the solution to reducing risk and strengthening the
elevations and water sinks. economy for the long run.
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Defining Vulnerability and Risk sea level rise, development, lack of political will,
and lack of conservation funding.
The terms vulnerability and risk are often used to
describe the potential adverse effects of climate Risk is the potential for consequences where
change on ecosystems, infrastructure, economic something of value is at stake and where the
sectors, social groups, communities and regions. outcome is uncertain. Risk is often represented as 02
Vulnerability to climate change is the degree to a probability of occurrence of hazardous events or
which a system is susceptible to, and unable to trends multiplied by the impacts if these events
cope with, adverse effects of climate change, occur. Risk results from the interaction of OE
including climate variability and extremes. vulnerability and hazard.
Vulnerability is a function of the character,
magnitude and rate of climate change and variation
to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity and its 0
adaptive capacity. ..``...... "
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Figure 3-Risk 1'roha/rlly Irrc%.x 0
Monroe County will take advantage of all available 00.
tools and resources to complete the task of
determining where the impacts of climate change
first occur, and what should be done to assure
Figare 2-Vulnerability sustainability.
The assessment of climatic vulnerability requires
the identification of vulnerability of To assist in making planning decisions, the County U
something/someone to a potential climatic event has undertaken actions to identify vulnerable areas
within a specific time period. Assessing vulnerability and risks. These include improved analysis and
does not necessarily mean calculating a specific mapping capabilities for identifying areas at risk in
number, but rather describing a situation or a the County that are vulnerable to sea level rise by
condition through a certain number of factors or utilizing the most recent LiDAR data; encouraging ..
elements related to its characteristics. dedicated state and federal funding sources for 0
reoccurring and continued development of local
integrated modeling efforts and continuous data
A hazard is any biological, chemical, mechanical, gathering; and collaborating with adjacent counties
environmental or physical agent that is reasonably to establish an integrated network of early warning
likely to cause harm or damage to humans, other signs that track long-term changes across the
organisms, or the environment in the absence of its Southeast Florida region.
control. Examples of hazards in climate change
adaptation planning include flooding, fire, drought,
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Southeast Florida Regional Climate transportation. In December 2017 RCAP 2.0 was
Change Compact released to reflect on the implemented actions
taken during the first 5 years of the RCAP to create
an online tool for each community member to build
The Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change their own customized implementation plan to
Compact was signed by Broward, Miami-Dade, combat climate change.
Monroe, and Palm Beach Counties in January 2010
to coordinate climate mitigation and adaptation
activities across county lines. The Compact Monroe County
represents a new form of regional climate
governance designed to allow local governments to
set the agenda for adaptation while providing an Independent of the
efficient means for state and federal agencies to Southeast Florida e
engage with technical assistance and support. The Regional Climate
Compact calls for the Counties to work Change Compact, � ®
cooperatively to: Monroe County �.
adopted the MCAP
1) Develop annual Legislative Programs and jointly in 2013 with the ����!p "
advocate for help of OF-IFAS
state and federal �
Extension. They also adopted the Green Keys c
policies and
Sustainability Action Plan (SAP) in 2016. The
funding; Sustainability Action Plan includes a 5-year
2) Dedicate staff implementation implementation guide for many of the actions 0
time and identified in this plan. SAP recommendations that
resources to correspond to action items in this plan are identified
create a in each section by `SAP##'. The list of completed
Southeast actions contained in Appendix A demonstrates the
4-
Florida Regional commitment of the Monroe County Board of County 0
Climate Action Commission in addressing climate change OC
Plan to include challenges.
mitigation and
adaptation
strategies Although the county has achieved several of the
3) Meet annually goals set forth in the MCAP, it must continue to
progress forward at an
in Regional „� re taY� t�`tlraate lcrtor�Ptar� increasing rate to achieve IL
C'
Climate Summits n 4-Regional the remaining goals in the Aproactive
to mark progress MCAP, the new goals listed instead ofa
and identify emerging issues. in the MCAP 2.0 and the reactive
The Compact has been recognized locally, goals encompassing all approach
nationally and internationally for their work with sectors of the community in must be taken.
various organizations to develop the Southeast the SAP. In order to achieve ..
Florida Regional Climate Action Plan (RCAP) which the goals, set forth by these
was finalized in October 2012. The RCAP put documents and create a sustainable community in
projects in motion such as the Adaptation Action the Florida Keys, a proactive instead of a reactive
Area pilot project in Ft. Lauderdale and the approach must be taken.
redevelopment of the streets of South Beach to
prepare for sea level rise and promote alternative
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reduction in GHG emissions of 40% below 2012
Purpose emission levels by 2030. The most recent
greenhouse gas inventory can be found within the
The purpose of the Monroe County Climate Action 10 Year Regional Greenhouse Gas Inventory.
Plan (MCAP) is to outline a course of action for the
County government and communities of Monroe ���'�
County for a coordinated countywide strategy to � 0
minimize climate change impacts and to Increase �� a
g � ����irrlritatr�rr�ralyia �
the sustainability of the communities within the
Florida Keys. The release of the original MCAP E
called for the county to mitigate future impacts by ���������������������(������fQ�� JJ
reducing community-wide greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions to 20% below 2005 levels by 2020 and to
identify local adaptation needs for protection
against future sea level rise. Impressively, this goal
was achieved well ahead of schedule, and as a
result the county adopted a new resolution in 2016,
setting a goal to reduce emissions by 40% of the ���
levels found in 2012 by 2030. With this new goal in 12
mind, the MCAP 2.0 has been designed to support Industrialn' 'r 0
four primary functions:
1'Bare S. 2005-201 S A verage Emissions by,Sector
1. To work with the Sustainability Office of
Monroe County to implement the SCOpe
recommendations put forth in this document
and the Sustainability Action Plan (SAP); This Plan covers goals and strategies for GHG
2. Provide clear guidance to County staff emissions resulting from local government and 0
regarding when and how to implement key community-wide activities within the County. It
provisions of the plan; addresses the major sources of emissions in
3. Inspire residents and businesses to Monroe County, Florida and sets forth goals and
participate in community efforts to address strategies in 10 focus areas that both the County aLL
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climate change issues; and and community can implement together to achieve cv
4. Demonstrate Monroe County's commitment greenhouse gas reductions:
to climate change mitigation and adaptation.g g p 1. Leadership (L)
The climate action plan seeks to reduce GHG 2. Identify and Monitor Risks and
emissions and adopt mitigation and adaptation Vulnerabilities (M)
strategies in municipal and community-wide 3. Education and Business Development (E)
activities. GHG reductions and climate strategies 4. Natural Systems (N)
will be achieved in the areas of building and 5. Built Environment (B)
community energy use, waste diversion, water 6. Water and Waste Water(W)
conservation, natural areas, and transportation. 7. Renewable Energy (R)
The plan contains strategies, objectives, measures, 8. Solid Waste and Recycling (S)
and actions that will direct the County's efforts by 9. Transportation (T)
creating a clear course of action so that everyone 10. Public Health (H)
can have a role in creating and achieving climate
and sustainability goals. This Climate Action Plan New scope in this revision of the MCAP
drives and coordinates local efforts toward a
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Process
The Monroe County Climate Action plan took climate change. It provides guidance for decision-
several years to develop and includes input from makers as well as for county employees, residents,
County and community advisory groups, local and business owners. With 165 recommendations
leaders, stakeholders and staff. The plan also and a 5-year work plan, GreenKeys! Sustainability
creates a framework for documenting, coordinating, Action Plan (SAP) is a blueprint for increased S
measuring, and adapting efforts moving forward. sustainability and resilience to climate change.
Implimentation of this plan will occor in two ways.
GreenKeys! contains six focus areas aligned with
First, individual actions items will be brought county priorities for future planning and project
forward for board approval by staff, committee or implementation:
elected leaders. Secondly some action items in this
plan will be moved forward into the Sustainability 1• Government Operations
Action Plan's 5-year work plan. 2. Climate & Energy U
3. Natural Systems
4. Built Environment
Safety Health & S Hea ae
GreenKeys! Sustainability Action Plan is Monroe 5. y
County's plan for addressing both sustainability and 6. Education, Arts & Community
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Project GreenKeys Recommendations
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III. THE SCIENCE AND DATA
The CCAC determined early in the process that three types of information would be helpful to guide their
recommendations. These include 1) a projection of sea level rise that might be anticipated over time in
Southeast Florida, 2) a communitywide greenhouse gas inventory to understand the main sources of
greenhouse emissions in Monroe County and 3) an analysis of the County's vulnerability to sea level rise
should no action be taken to address sea level rise.
A.C11111 11111111VIA°°11111`Illlfiiiii
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s Special Report Global Warming of 1.5°C released in
2018 affirms that, "Human activities are estimated to have caused approximately 1.0°C of global warming
above pre-industrial levels. Global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to 0
increase at the current rate."3 The increase in number of hot days each year is projected to have the highest
increases in the tropics, propelling the loss of coastal resources including fisheries and coral communities. The
IPCC report also concluded that reducing carbon emissions to net zero CO2 emissions and net negative
emissions can prevent further warming as well as reduce ocean acidification and minimize sea level rise (SLR).
It is well known that the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation are causing an increase in CO2 emissions
escalating global temperatures and driving the unprecedented rate of climate change. It is also well accepted
that the increase in global temperatures is resulting in sea level rise from melting glaciers and ice sheets,
however, there are additional significant factors attributing to sea level rise. It has been estimated that
approximately 50% of SLR comes from thermal expansion of the oceans, approximately 25% is a result of 0
melting ice sheets and glaciers, and the remaining 25% is attributed to groundwater depletion and altered land
use 4 5. The majority of water released from aquafers for human consumption (groundwater depletion) C
ultimately ends up in the worlds ocean's through continental runoff 6 from agriculture, waste water, and
stormwater structures. In addition, the reduction in the size of lakes and wetland habitats reduces the amount S
of water that is able to be stored on land resulting in further continental runoff. Whereas, increasing surface
water storage through small reservoirs, dams, preserving wetland habitats, and reducing fresh water
consumption detracts from sea level rise.
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31PCC, 2018: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related
global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
X
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, H. O. Portner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W.
Moufouma-Okia, C. Pean, R. Pidcock,S.Connors,J. B. R. Matthews,Y.Chen,X.Zhou, M. 1.Gomis, E. Lonnoy,T. Maycock, M.Tignor,T.Waterfield
(eds.)].In Press.
a IPCC, 2013:Climate Change 2 13: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker,T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen,J. Boschung, A. Nauels,Y.Xia, V. Bex and
P.M.Midgley(eds.)].Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,United Kingdom and New York,NY,USA,1535 pp.
5 Wada, Y.,Beek, L. P. H.,Sperna Weiland, F. C.,Chao, B. F.,Wu, Y.-H., and Bierkens, M. F. P.(2012),Past and future contribution of global
groundwater depletion to sea-level rise,Geophys. Res. Lett.,39,L09402,doi:10.1029/2012GL051230
e Yoshihide Wada, Ludovicus P. H.van Beek, Cheryl M.van Kempen,Josef W.T. M. Reckman,Slavek Vasak, and Marc F. P. Bierkens. 2010. Global
Depletion of Groundwater Resources.Geophysical research Letters,Vol.37 L20402,doi:10.1029/2010GL044571
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Reducing carbon emissions and sea level rise will rely heavily on the acceleration of implementing adaptation
and mitigation strategies regulating land use, energy, and infrastructure including both transportation and
buildings.4 Additionally, Vermeer and Rahmstorf concluded that acting early in this century will be much more
effective in limiting sea-level rise than reductions later on.7
The long-term costs of implementing adaptation requirements due to inaction or too little action today and the
subsequent negative consequences to the economy and social structure make it necessary to implement
mitigation and adaptation actions now to prevent or minimize these long-term costs; even while recognizing it
may be costlier in the short-term. Unusual droughts, Arctic sea ice disappearance, complete melting of the
surface of the Greenland ice sheet and glacial discharges from Greenland and Antarctica are unprecedented
events that indicate we are already witnessing the initial disruptive effects of climate change.
CO2 and Temperature
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels now exceed 403
parts per million, greater than any time in the past
350,000 years. In comparison, this statistic was 390 Lo
XIM w,- 56 parts per million in 2013 when the MCAP was
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developed. Each year since 2001 global CO2
emissions have increased with the exception of 2008
i4 and 2009 (NOAA 2016b). CO2 and temperature
increase concurrently. Annual temperatures are
p U increasing locally and globally. Globally, since 2000,
110
we have experienced the 10 warmest years on record.
The data collected by NOAA also shows that
v
temperature data from Key West corresponds with the 0
OF overall global increases in temperature with 2011 and
2015 having the highest recorded annual temperatures
on record.
Changer in('02 aiiiue) (red)for pam 350,000 years. The increase in air temperatures due to greenhouse
Figare 7-R?mp anc ('02 Correlation gas emissions has also increased the sea surface
temperature. High sea surface temperatures have caused glacial melting and thermal expansion, augmenting iz
sea level rise at an increased rate. Warmer sea temperatures cause coral bleaching and die offs (Abrego et. al
2008, Donner et. al. 2007). Coral reefs in the Florida Keys experienced back to back years of coral bleaching cL
during the summer months of 2014 and 2015 as water temperatures exceeded the threshold tolerable by our t�
reef species (Eakin et al 2016).
Additionally, it has been shown that an
individual coral reef can act as a carbon „
sink or source, and coastal reefs often act W
as sources of COz, however this is a
result of terrestrial and human influences ra
affecting those reefs found on the coast
(Suzuki and Kawahata 2003). Therefore „ ,,,
reducing CO2 locally can reduce the "418'° K)o '°"'T' '�'vQ) 1W1,17
excess carbon in coastal waters and Annual and 5.,year average&b l aonc6)licric leinp ratuare (reind iii
potentially allow coastal reefs to act as a tg rees('Clsiu
Figyare 8-Global 76nl)
Vermeer,M.and S.Rahmstorf.2009.Global sea level linked to global temperature.PNAS 106(5):21527-21532
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carbon sink instead of a source of atmospheric CO2.
Monroe County has taken the initial steps to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by meeting their goal of a
20% reduction below 2005 levels by 2020, however the county must take further actions to meet the next goal
of a reduction of 40% below 2012 levels by 2030. Expanding this goal even further to become a net zero CO2
emission community would increase the potential of turning our coastal reefs into a carbon sink as well as
reducing global temperature increases, greatly improving the habitat for fisheries and the Keys economy.
Sea Level Rise (SLR) and the Effects of the Florida Current
Tide gauges in Key ....
West have shown Harbor 1913 20� ......�.............I � 7 �. Harbor 2000-; �. U
AnnuaU Ntean water ilevel at Ke west Annual Mean water Level at Ke west
that the annual ZZ4 a
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specific, 11 inches .6 v- aeJ90 2 e
in the last century.
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11 inches have a) a) a, �, c, m a, � 5o o Q o Q o a o Q o Q o Q o Q o
occurred In the last F'igare,9-Water Level and ,R
15 years. These
findings are of special concern, as the Florida Keys are one of the most vulnerable areas in the U.S. due to the
low-lying topography of the islands and the anticipation of South Florida experiencing a faster rate of SLR due
to variations in the Florida Currents and Gulf Stream.
_ _____ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _______________
It is predicted that sea levels will rise by 6-12 inches by
2030 and 14 to 34 inches by 2060 depending on the
carbon emissions scenario. These predictions were U.ffiNdI..L-1ffi. a
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adopted by the Southeast Florida Climate Change $'U"''�"x " 0.'" ""'°� °°"�° �p 'r""��"`°'`��,
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An additional threat to the Florida Keys comes from the W
Florida Current, which is the headwater for the Gulf
Stream, and directly effects sea levels along coasts in
the Florida Straits, Florida Bay and along the Atlantic
Coast Line.8 The increase in GHG's has been
correlated to a decrease in the flow rate of the ocean
Ngare 10-.S R Projection 2015
8 Park, J. and W. Sweet. 2015. Accelerated sea level rise and Florida Current transport. Ocean Science, 11,607-615. www.ocean-
sci.net/11/607/2015/doi:10.5194/os-11-607-2015
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currents in the Atlantic Ocean9 including the Gulf Stream and Florida Current. As the Florida Current slows,
water backs up in the Gulf of Mexico and Florida Bay accelerating SLR in the Florida Keys and the Everglades.
It is estimated that 58% of the increase in SLR in the last decade found at the tidal gauge located on Vaca Key
can be attributed to the weakening of the Florida Current, and 60% of the increase in SLR at the tidal gauge
located in Little Madeira Bay in the northeast section of Florida Bay can be attributed to the weakening Florida
Current.
The Keys are already feeling these effects in the form of King tides. King tides are the highest high tide events 2
during the year when the Sun, Earth and Moon are in alignment and the Moon is at its closest point to the
Earth. King tides now cause nuisance flooding or sunny day flooding a couple times a year throughout the
Keys. Currently, Monroe County has 144 miles of roads that are subject to flooding during king tides and other
high-water events. As sea levels continue to rise, what we experience as king tides today will become the near
future's everyday tides.
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Salt Water Intrusion 0
0
The increase in SLR leads to salt water intrusion and is Major Irrigation well contaminated
well with'saltwater
exemplified when droughts occur (Prinos 2016). This
alters the ecosystem creating a brackish environment
that is much Tess diverse and productive compared to a r �� �
freshwater environment. Brackish water communities POP,i� ���iai �� �„ yea Level "
have Tess vegetation, Tower numbers of prey fish that g "����� �A/ a Salt >�
water � D
are smaller in size which provide food for wading birds r
and prized game fish such as tarpon, redfish and snook % �► �� "� �
(Lorenz and Serafy, 2006).
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Saltwater Normal
Intrusion Interface
Salt water intrusion has also led to the contamination of
1'Bare I I-`milt Water Intrusion �
several well fields where drinking water is accessed
from the Biscayne aquifer. Currently, salt water intrusion is not affecting the well field that services the Florida
Keys, as the salt water line is located 5 miles away from the well field. As more well fields are contaminated
with salt water, affecting the water supply to other regions of South Florida, it will become increasingly difficult CD
to obtain a constant freshwater supply. IL
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Severity of Storms and Rainfall Patterns
X
In the wake of Hurricane Irma, the intensity and frequency of hurricanes due to climate change is at the fore
front of every mind in the keys. Although it is uncertain if climate change will bolster the number of hurricanes,
recent findings have shown that there has been an increase in the intensity of hurricanes in the past several
decades (Knutson, 2013). Warmer water temperatures can intensify wind speeds and create more
precipitation, as seen during Hurricane Harvey. In addition, any increase in SLR will intensify the impacts of
storm surge, as seen with Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Climate change has also altered rainfall patterns creating
both drought and flood conditions. In south Florida we normally experience a wet season from June-Nov., and
e Solomon,S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller. 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science
Basis,Cambridge University Press,Cambridge U.K.and New York,N.Y.,USA
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a dry season from Dec.-May, this creates an annual rainfall cycle or hydrologic year starting June 1st and
ending May 31st of the following calendar year. The past several years including hydrologic years, 2014-15,
2015-16, and 2017-18 were perfect examples of the alterations in the rainfall patterns; however, the conditions
in 2015-16 were the most extreme. During the rainy season of 2015, South Florida experienced a major
drought. This drought was followed by a deluge of rainfall in
the dry season. The drought caused salinities in Florida Bay to 10 South Florida Monthy Rainfall Pattern
rise well above salinities found in the ocean causing major sea
grass die offs in Florida Bay (-40,000 acres). The deluge of
rySean
rain that followed in the dry season of 2015-16 and the wettest
May on record since 1895 during the dry season of 2017-18 6
caused excess amounts of water in Lake Okeechobee.
Excess water was then released through the St. Lucie River
and Caloosahatchee Rivers. Both the drought and excess 3
water being released from Lake Okeechobee caused intense 2 Wet Season " E
algae blooms killing massive populations of fish and other
wildlife.
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct iNov Dec Jain Feb Mar pear May
1 agztre 12-Rainfall Patterns U
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What does all of this mean to residents of Monroe County? Warmer
temperatures, drought conditions, and sea level rise all lead to less living corals
It is important to and sea grass die offs which leads to less fish, which means less tourists, which
know what effects are ultimately results in less income to Monroe County. This cycle impacts every
expected for the individual person and business in the Keys. The MCAP 2.0 is designed to a,
Florida Keys, provide actions for the BOCC and County staff to mitigate and adapt to these
4-
changes to create a sustainable community that can thrive well into the future.
Because the impacts of climate change vary geographically, it is important to know what effects are specifically
expected for South Florida and the Florida Keys. According to the U.S. Global Change Research Program, the
Southeast region of the United States should expect the following impacts from climate change to occur in the
coming years'':
• Projected increases in air and water temperatures will cause heat-related stresses for people, plants,
and animals.
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• Decreased water availability is very likely to affect the region's economy as well as its natural systems.
• Sea-level rise and the likely increase in hurricane intensity and associated storm surge will be among
the most serious consequences of climate change.
• Ecological thresholds are likely to be crossed throughout the region, causing major disruptions to
ecosystems and to the benefits they provide to people.
• Quality of life will be affected by increasing heat stress, water scarcity, severe weather events, and
reduced availability of insurance for at-risk properties. Cities and agriculture face increasing risks from a 0
changing climate.
io Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States, Thomas R. Karl, Jerry M. Melillo, and Thomas C. Peterson, (eds.). Cambridge University
Press,2009.And www.globalchange.gov.
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Public Health Impact Assessment and Vulnerability
In 2014 the Florida Institute for Health Innovation, known as FIHI (formerly the Florida Public Health Institute),
published a Health Impact Assessment of the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Compact's Regional Climate
Action Plan. Recognized hazards of concern for the region were extreme events, floods, droughts, rising sea
levels, and high temperatures. This research identified asthma, respiratory allergies and airway diseases,
foodborne disease and nutrition, mental health, vector borne and zoonotic diseases, waterborne and water-
related diseases as health conditions of concern for Southeast Florida. The study also found vulnerability to
sea level rise to be a hazard of high concern for Monroe.
In the United States Department of Health and Human
Services' 2014 report, Primary Protection: Enhancing E
1,i III r at
�e Health Care Resilience for a Changing Climate, the
agency cautions, "extreme events in a setting of climate
change may pose the double threat of stress to health
care systems, including the buildings, systems and the U
personnel needed to deliver clinical services, as well as
increased health problems in the populations served by
Social Medical those systems" (5). Therefore, the Monroe County �
R W s lc Risk, Adaptation Guide 2015 for the Health Care Community
(Boguszewski, 2015), recommends two areas of focus
for adaptation efforts within the public health community: 2
t igare 13-Diagrain gfIntersectaflxa-ard and Risk patient health status and practice preparedness. 'a
Source: Monroe County Adaptation Guide 2015 for the Health Care
Community
4-
In recognizing variability in vulnerability within and across the scope of the County it is important to consider
and support targeted localized solutions and a combination of approaches. Mitigating mold in a new home for a
young family who has just purchased their first home will be a different experience than for someone who has
lived in their home for decades and is experiencing cumulative effects of years of exposure.
Asthma, COPD, respiratory @
mold, standing water, air quality, S
heat stress, infectious disease, allergies, Legionella, respiratory
harmful algae
distress from the inhalation of R
N", � algal toxins
ON
IL
Dehydration, Poisoning
salt water intrusion, vector passociated with ex osures to:
variability for agri-pests, species Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria,variability in agricultural and marine Trichinella, Staphylococcus
resources aureus, Ci uatera toxin
,t00%/%//'%�!!%/ changes to species availability for Post-traumatic stress disorder,
/ economic opportunity, loss anxiety, dementia, depression, .i
property, loss of life, loss of substance abuse, social
/j` � ' � economic viability violence E
9 Dengue, W. Nile virus, Zikka,
increased ranges, increased
Chikungunya fever, Lyme
abundance, resistance to controls disease
increased standing water, higher Cholera (Vibrio),
temperatures, decreased quality, Campylobacter, Giardia
/ possible sewage contamination Cryptosporidium, skin related
/ from increased.flooding vibrio infections
Iaible 1. Relationship factors of health conditions associated with the identified hazards of clitnate grange,cxtreine everts,floods, high
ternperatnres, drought, and sea level rise
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The changing elements of our climate manifest in the environment of the human family and result in
health impacts and consequences.
Therefore, in considering vulnerability and potential adaptation strategies it is essential to consider the social
determinants of health, including social and medical vulnerability, in addition to hazard vulnerability.
Adaptations may be best targeted to the intersections of such vulnerabilities to achieve efficiency and
effectiveness.
CL
Direct and Indirect Health Impacts
The changing elements of our climate manifest in extreme heat, drought, tidal surge, or
the environment of the human family and result in precipitation
human health impacts and consequences. changing air and water temperature ranges are
producing new ranges for vector borne
diseases, including some tropical diseases U
Weather-Related Health Impacts can be direct such which are presenting in temperate zones
as: as a result of the expansion of the warming
• or-
drowning related to flooding seas, sea level rise is threatening underground
• heat strokes related to prolonged periods of freshwater supplies in many coastal
communities including those in South Florida;
extreme high temperatures 0
• more frequent extreme weather events, such as this type of intrusion can affect water used for
algal blooms, are associated with more frequent municipal drinking supplies
and more severe asthma attacks
• the same process also threatens agriculture in 0
• more frequent and more severe extreme South Florida communities by attacking the
weather events such as tidal surges, tornadoes, roots of crops planted in the thin layer of muck w
hurricanes, and super storms are associated covering the limestone rock, which is the
with injuries to human beings in addition to foundation for much of the region and allows
increased occurrences of both loss of life and sea water to seep far inland
property • warming seas also cause habitat range
• more frequent periods of extreme heat can changes in many species of fish affecting
produce greater amounts of unabsorbed economic livelihoods and food creating both
cancer-causing UV radiation mental health and nutritional impacts in the
human population
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• waterborne infections such as vibrio and giardia
Weather-Related Health Impacts can also be also increase in prevalence in the face of the
indirect: increased likelihood of standing water and a®
warmer water temperatures
• mental and behavioral stress related to the loss climate change will result in an increase in the
of property, loss of economic opportunity, or
displacement and upheaval, including frequency and severity of flooding events.
homelessness • During floods it is common to have sewage
• increased prevalence of respiratory diseases overflows which can result contamination of
such COPD, asthma, and heart failure are water supplies and flood waters people come in
associated with extreme weather events such contact with which can increase the probability
as more frequent and longer lasting periods of of skin-related infections.
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Economic Impacts
New research is being done on both the cost of proactive adaptation measures such as shoreline
adaptation and the cost of in-action. There will be protection and beach replenishment.
economic impacts to the integration of climate risk
into decision-making and the implementation of
actions. Communities are reporting increasing cost Risks to the Workforce Extreme heat poses a
in the areas of financial risk reporting, capital significant risk to human health and labor S
investment planning, development of engineering productivity in sectors of the economy reliant on
standards, military planning, and disaster risk outdoor workers, including agriculture, construction,
management. and others. Under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario,
almost 2 billion labor hours are projected to be lost
annually by 2090 from the impacts of temperature 2
extremes, costing an estimated $160 billion in lost
This cost will burden local governments and wages.
residents. The 2018 Fourth National Climate
(NCA4) Summary Findings show that "People who
are already vulnerable, including lower-income and U
other marginalized communities, have lower Risks and . t to Natural Environment and
capacity to prepare for and cope with extreme Ecosystem Services Climate change has already
weather and climate-related events and are had observable impacts on biodiversity and
expected to experience greater impacts. Prioritizing ecosystems throughout the United States that are 0
adaptation actions for the most vulnerable expected to continue. Without substantial and
populations would contribute to a more equitable
sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas
emissions, transformative impacts on some
future within and across communities. To a much ecosystems will occur. Although some new
greater degree than previous assessments, NCA4 opportunities may emerge from ecosystem
includes broader quantification of climate change changes, economic and recreational opportunities
impacts in the United States in economic terms. and cultural heritage based around historical use of
The report is clear: Many extreme weather and species or natural resources in many areas are at
climate-related events are expected to become risk.
more frequent and more intense as temperatures 0
continue to rise, creating greater risks of 0
infrastructure disruption and failure that can
cascade across economic sectors. Those of Of concern to Monroe County are the risks to coral
significance to Monroe County include: reefs and the economies they support. Some coral °LL
®
reef ecos stems are already experiencing
transformational changes. Warming has led to
mass bleaching and/or outbreaks of coral diseases �s
Coastal Risks Along the U.S. coastline, off the coastlines of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin
public infrastructure and $1 trillion in national Islands, Florida, Hawaii, and the U.S.-affiliated
wealth held in coastal real estate are threatened by Pacific Islands, for example, that threaten reef °®
rising sea levels, higher storm surges, and the ecosystems and the people who depend on them.
ongoing increase in high-tide flooding. The Atlantic Under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario, coral reef
and Gulf coasts face greater than average risk cover worldwide is projected to decline from the
compared with other regions of the country. present level of 38% to 11% in 2050 and to less
than 1% by the end of the century.
Without adaptation, cumulative damages to coastal
property across the contiguous United States could
reach $3.6 trillion through 2100. Without
adaptation, cumulative damages to coastal property Risks and . t to Human Health and ll- to
across the contiguous United States could reach Higher temperatures, increasing air quality
$3.6 trillion through 2100 under RCP8.5. More than risks, more frequent and intense extreme weather
half of damages to coastal property from sea level and climate-related events, increases in coastal
rise and fLgQdjgg are expected to be avoidable by
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flooding, disruption of ecosystem services, and Local governments are increasingly taking climate
other changes increasingly threaten the health and change and SLR into account when doing their own
well-being of Americans. Risks will be greater for accounting, including when offering bonds to raise
populations that are already vulnerable, such as the money for infrastructure. For example, a recent
elderly and lower-income communities. Under article in the Claims Journal noted that Miami
RCP8.5, annual damages associated with an Beach used two pages of its official bond offering to
increasing number of extreme-temperature-related document climate change and the risks from
deaths in 2090 are projected to be $140 billion (in hurricanes and sea-level rise and the efforts of
2015 dollars).
Miami Beach to address the issues.
Risksand . t to Infrastructure The United The good news is that climate change also �
States Government Accountability Office also presents business opportunities. The Carbon 2
recognizes increasing federal fiscal exposure from Disclosure Project reported that 225 of the world's
climate change risk in disaster in a June 2019 GAO 500 biggest companies believe climate change �s
5judy, and notes that "the federal government has could generate over $2.1 trillion in new business
not made measurable progress since 2017 to prospects. There will be more opportunity in clean
reduce federal exposure to climate change." In fact, energy, resilient and green buildings, and energy 0
one example of increasing federal exposure given efficiency. Hybrid and electric vehicle production
for operation and maintenance of federal lands and
facilities is the almost complete destruction of and the electric public transit sector are expected to
Tyndall Air Force Base and the estimated $3-4 grow. Construction of green infrastructure and more 0
billion to rebuild the base. resilient coastal infrastructure could create many
new jobs. Carbon capture and sequestration and
uses of captured CO2 present opportunities. It is
important for Monroe County to invest in adaptation
and mitigation for the economy to remain viable. M
4-
0
Tourism Impacts
The main impacts of climate change in the Florida Keys are rising sea ��������� I1� 1
temperature, sea level change, ocean acidification, and increased
hurricane activity. R alpLL
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`ull II VAL',?I,IIr4 ks nc,i IIYJ
Economic activity in Monroe County is driven by tourism, accounting 0 %1
for about 60/o of the total spending it fuels a $2.7 billion economy.
Tourism supplies 53 percent of all island jobs. Commercial fisheries ` �X
are a distant second, though they remain economically significant. In
2017 fisheries catch in Key West accounted for 14.6 million pounds
equaling 58.2 million dollars". "°� _ �� �° �
Ir
as
The importance of the health on the reef and marine environment to
Monroe County's economy cannot be overstated. The economy
depends on a health reefs stem. ,1;14 ,, "'"'`p Y Y _�
11 muQk)n
1- " "Commercial Fisheries Statistics " National Marine Fisheries Service
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Ecologists describe the 360-mile-long Florida Reef Tract as a global treasure. It is the world's third-largest
barrier reef. But less than 10 percent of the reef system is now covered with living coral. Scientists anticipate
that as early as 2020, it could be in line for almost yearly bleaching events, in which heat stresses upend the
metabolism of corals, in some cases killing them. The reefs experienced back-to-back major bleaching events
in 2014 and 2015. The researchers suggested that the main reason for a decline of coral was a uniform global
cause — warming. "This is different in that the extent and number of species of corals that have been affected
have been dramatic," said Esther Peters, a coral reef ecologist at George Mason University in Virginia. Twenty-
one coral species in the Florida Reef Tract are suffering from multiple diseases, according to reef surveys by
the Nature Conservancy. Seven of those species are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act,
among them staghorn and elkhorn corals.
Also affected, commercial fisheries production in Monroe County have been impacted. Between 1986-88 and 2
2007-09 catch of grouper, snapper and other reef fish declined by 37% and spiny lobsters (with Monroe County
representing almost 90% of the total for Florida) by 39%. Landings of pink shrimp, previously a very important �s
part of the total catch, declined by 82%12.
0
The average global temperature is assumed to rise by 2.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by the
end of the century. As temperatures increase, the oceans will become progressively more acidic. Monroe
County should expect a continuing decline of marine-based tourism.
0
IV. PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS
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Action E- 1.1 Implement a Monroe County Communication Plan for outreach and
education to business and residents regarding the potential impacts of climate change,
sea level rise.
Action N- 5.3 Implement green infrastructure, alone or in combination with built
infrastructre, to increase the resiliency.
Action B- 3.6 Require buildings to be FGB or LEED Standard for residential and
commercial development.
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Action R- 1.3 Implement 'fast track' solar permitting.
X
Action R- 1.6 Employ an energy manager.
Al.
12 National Marine Sanctuar study"Climate Change and the Florida Keys"
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V. CLIMATE ACTION PLAN GOALS & ACTION ITEMS
The following 24 Goals and 84 Action items are recommendations to increase resiliency and reduce risk
in Monroe County. These recommendations are for the Monroe County Board of County Commissioner's
consideration. Items that are currently underway or ongoing are noted as In Process and policy action
items are designated by a green box at the beginning of each goal area.
Goal L1: Leadership. Adopt community and intergovernmental practices in E
Monroe County that serve as a tool for the County, municipalities, and other entities
to address climate change mitigation and adaptation needs.
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Action L-LI: Provide resources and leadership to the Southeast Florida Climate Change
Compact to advance mitigation and adaptation efforts to address the potential negative impacts
related to climate variability and change.-In Process
Monroe County is the most vulnerable partner within the SEFL Compact with respect to climate change
induced sea level increases. Not only is our primary source of drinking water threatened by sea level rise, but
our very homes, businesses and infrastructure are also directly at risk. The County should continue to actively
support the implementation of a Regional Collaborative Climate Action Plan with the neighboring counties
through the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Compact to address the impacts of sea level rise and other
related climate change impacts.
Action L4.2: Provide advocacy and leadership for adoption of climate change policies and
legislation with local, state, and federal entities. In Process
Encourage all agencies, utilities and franchisees operating within Monroe County to adopt climate change
mitigation plans to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation plans to minimize potential impacts of
sea level rise. Monroe County should host 2-4 workshops per year to collaborate with local municipalities and U
other public and private entities to coordinate, develop, and implement a suite of planning tools to address
climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.
x
Monroe County will continue to demonstrate leadership in advocacy for climate change issues and
legislation to the National Association of Counties, Florida Association of Counties and the Florida League
of Cities, and in Washington, DC and Tallahassee. Support proactive environmental and climate change
public policies and standards that support adaptation funding to meet those needs.
An example of such an effort would be to work with local utilities to research incorporation of "smart metering"
and "smart load management" devices, as well as the potential benefits of solar power distributed generators
and electric cars as household storage systems. Similarly, the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority could be
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encouraged to implement innovative measures for increasing their energy efficiencies and reducing water
withdrawals.
Action L-1.3: Maintain a community BOCC Climate Change Advisory Committee.
Monroe County will maintain an advisory committee to assist and advise elected officials and the Office of
Sustainability on climate related issues. An advisory committee like the existing one is an ideal forum for
community coordination in addressing climate change needs in Monroe County. In Process L
Action L-1.4: Events held in Monroe County will be required to be carbon neutral.
Monroe County will hold carbon neutral events and create policies that require any event requiring county E
permitting to be carbon neutral. �s
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Goal MA: Coordinate with peer organizations' and assure availability of up-to-date
scientific and technical information.
Action M-Li: Seek technical support from state and federal agencies and universities for
development of climate change scenarios appropriate for Monroe County.
Monroe County will engage the support of state and federal agencies (e.g., FDEP, FDOT, SFWMD, NOAA,
USGS, FEMA, USFWS, USACE), and universities that can provide technological and logistical support and
work with state, county, and local planning bodies to develop regional scenarios of climate change and analyze
potential changes in vulnerability. These actions should be annually reviewed and assigned to a county a
employee within the Sustainability Action Plan 5-year plan.
N
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Goal M-2: Prioritize the most vulnerable areas and facilities that will be affected by
sea level rise in Monroe County.
..
Action M-2.1: Utilize the "Adaptation Action Area" designation to prioritize areas deemed most
vulnerable to sea level rise and other climate change impacts.
"Adaptation action area" or "adaptation area" means a designation in the coastal management element of a
local government's comprehensive plan which identifies one or more areas that experience coastal flooding
due to extreme high tides and storm surge, and that are vulnerable to the related impacts of rising sea levels
for the purpose of prioritizing funding for infrastructure needs and adaptation planning." §163.3164(1), F.S.
(2011). Adaptation Action Areas will include the built environment as well as natural areas and be used as a
development tool to guide funding, policies and regulations that will serve to reduce future risk and economic
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losses associated with sea level rise. Adaptation Action Areas will account for both existing and needed
infrastructure. Vulnerable natural areas can be protected by directing development to non-vulnerable areas.
Action M-2.2: Adopt overall long-range planning documents which account for vulnerability.
Planning documents such as the Stormwater Master Plan, Capital Improvement Plan and the
Roads and Bridges Plan should be revised to include current sea level rise projections.
1
Goal M-3: Create a countywide sea level rise monitoring and adaptation process.
Action M-3.1: Support a monitoring program to annually evaluate and observe climate change
impacts and responses on the natural and built environments within Monroe County.
An ongoing monitoring program to document climate change related impacts on the built and natural area is
needed to identify best management practices for improving adaptation responses to protect both the natural
and built environments. Particular emphasis will be on monitoring the amount and rate of sea level rise, but
temperatures, rainfall and drinking water availability are also important. Monroe County should seek data being
or-
collected by other agencies and supplement it, where needed, with in-house monitoring. County staff shall
organize initial workshops with guidance for organizations to form individual monitoring programs and annual
meetings.
0
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Goal E-1: Increase awareness and understanding of potential climate change
impacts as well as mitigation and adaptation needs.
- - -
a
Action E-LI: Implement a Monroe County Communication Plan for outreach and education to
business and residents regarding the potential impacts of climate change and sea level rise and
potential mitigation and adaptation strategies to minimize those impacts. In Process
An active communication and education strategy are needed to help the public understand the need and
prepare for climate change. Develop a communication strategy and guide for target audiences such as
homeowners, builders, buyers and businesses to increase resilience to climate change impacts. These impacts
include flooding potential, energy use, landscaping and infrastructure. Communicate the potential impacts of °®
sea level rise on the existing built environment and the county's roadways, properties and critical infrastructure Wx
through community meeting, publications and social media.
Action E4.2: Develop and disseminate an educational toolkit for business owners and the public
on how to offset carbon emissions.
A carbon offset is a way to compensate for your emissions by funding an equivalent carbon dioxide saving
elsewhere. Our everyday actions, at home and at work, consume energy and produce carbon emissions, such
as driving, flying and cooling buildings. Carbon offsetting is used to balance out these emissions by helping to
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pay for emission savings in other parts of the world. It is important for business owners and the public to be
aware of how to do this.
Action E-1.3: Leverage Art in Public Places to create materials to educate residents on climate
change impacts.
Monroe County will work with artist groups, especially publicly funded groups to support art campaigns that
raise awareness to climate impacts, encourage resiliency and promote sustainable behaviors. One example is 2
the Miami-Dade project Before It's Too Late ttp;//www.beforeitstoolate.eart /
Goal E-2: Business & Workforce Development. Expand locale green workforce and E
business opportunities through training and business development initiatives.
Action E-2.1: Develop and promote green workforce capability within the County.
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Monroe county will support the development of a green workforce by;
• Requiring county departments to have green industry certifications
• Attracting and supporting green industry trainings for local contractors, workers and businesses
• Collaborating with Florida Keys College to offer county internships in departments focused on green
industry
• Seeking funding opportunities to support curriculum development to train contractors, workers and
employees in energy management and installation of renewable energy systems
• Requiring green credentials and outcomes in all county funded solicitation proposals
Action E-2.2: Develop a Green Business Resiliency Guide and online certification platform.
Monroe County, OF IFAS Extension will develop a Green and Resilient Business Guide to encourage existing LR
businesses to increase resiliency and reduce carbon emissions. The county will adopt a Green Business
Resilience Certification Program and incentivize businesses that commit to zero waste and/or carbon neutral <
events. Furthermore, Monroe County should encourage, through policy, sustainable practices with particular
sensitivity to and focus on businesses of historical and cultural significance.
Action E-2.3: Encourage Growth of New Eco-Friendly Green Business.
Monroe County will evaluate and adopt incentives for green business development. Monroe County will create
economic or other incentives to encourage environmental (green) business development.
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Goal NA: Partnerships. Support and encourage partnerships for conservation.
Action N-i.i: Adopt policies that promote conservation and environmental protection' IL
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Monroe County will provide leadership in conservation and environmental protection by adopting policies w
(when possible) toreduce environmental impacts including:
* Banning the sale or distribution of sunscreens containing oxybenzone and/or octanoate �
�
* Banning or establishing o fee for single use p|osdn bogs
* Banning single use plastics and Styrofoam from county facilities and events
* Using green certified cleaning products in county facilities
* Using "least harmful" or green products for weed control
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Action N-i.2: Support partnerships for conservation.
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Monroe County will support conservation partnerships through;
* Assigning key staff members to support local, state and national conservation boards �
* Supporting |ono| conservation efforts through "fee waivers" such as dumping fees for |ono| debris
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collection and meeting room fees
* Advertising conservation events through the county website and social media platforms
* Evaluating and adopting conservation certification programs such os "Sea 8ofe^. "Clean K8orino^. "Blue
Star Dive Operators" and "Florida Friendly Yards" �
Action N4.3: Pyo0lote government conservation land acquisition. cL
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* Promote collaborative federal, state, and local government conservation land acquisition and easement
programs. ==
* Promote and advocate for sufficient funding of the Florida Forever conservation land acquisition ~�
program.
* Partner with |ono| state legislators to file state bills for individual land acquisition projects under the x
Florida Forever program to show the demand for the program's land acquisition funding.
* Connect local land conservation initiatives with potential federal funding programs based on specific
ecosystem characteristics. Potential federal land conservation programs include:
o Land and Water Conservation Fund (Nodono| Pork8�rvin�. U�8� FishondVVi|d|i�� 8�rvin�\
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o Cooperative Endangered Species Fund (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
o Forest Legacy Program (U.S. Forest Service)
o Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (U.S. Department of Agriculture)
* Ensure that Monroe County Land Authority continues to place o high priority on purchasing natural
areas for conservation purposes
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• Support efforts of federal, state, municipal and private interests to purchase natural areas for
conservation purposes.
• Promote approaches that facilitate habitats succession.
Action N-1.4: Coordinate with state, regional and national strategic planning efforts to address
the vulnerabilities of the natural environment to climate change impacts.
Monroe County should coordinate with other state, regional and national strategic planning efforts to prepare
for climate variability and change. For example, the SE Florida Climate Change Compact's Regional Climate
Action Plan, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission/Fish and Wildlife Research Institute's
species vulnerability assessment, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/Landscape Conservation Cooperative
scenario planning, the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary management planning, the South Florida Water
Management District water supply planning, and the NOAA "Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning" under
auspices of the National Ocean Policy.
Action N-L& Support the recommendations of the Florida Reef Resilience Program's "Climate
Change Action Plan for the Florida Coral Reef System 2010-2015" through participation in
recommended management, education and research areas, as appropriate.
0
Protection of the marine environment surrounding Monroe County is critical to maintaining a productive fishing
and tourist economy. The Florida Reef Resilience Program's Climate Action Plan's vision is to achieve:
1) increased resilience to global climate change impacts via active management of local reef impacts;
2) enhanced communications and awareness about climate change impacts on reefs and reef users; and
3) targeted research about those impacts.
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Goal N-2: Ecosystems. Evaluate and address ecosystem vulnerability.
Action N-2.1: Promote and encourage policies that provide adaptive capacity to species and
habitats to respond effectively to changing conditions, especially to those that are particularly °®
vulnerable to climate change.
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Monroe County will research and adopt conservation options for species that can't disperse to new habitats.
The ability of coastal species and habitats to respond effectively to sea level rise is dependent upon their ability
to migrate inland with rising waters. This ability may be facilitated by adopting strategies that provide migration
corridors. For example, approaches that conserve beach berms and/or discourage shoreline hardening should
be considered when appropriate. ..
Some species of fish, wildlife and/or plants are particularly sensitive to changing climate in the Florida Keys.
For example, loggerhead turtles depend on beaches for nesting and sea level rise predictions suggest that
Keys beaches are extremely vulnerable to increasing sea level rise. Policies that encourage conservation and
restoration of key habitats and landscape features should be encouraged to provide opportunities for these
species to successfully survive and adapt. Examples of these types of policies, which should be retained and
improved upon as conditions evolve, include: Land Development Regulations, Tier System, and the Habitat
Conservation Plan for Big Pine and No Name Key.
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Action N-2.2: Explore options to restore hydrology (e.g., mosquito ditches, canals.)
Monroe County will evaluate stormwater and natural systems and adopt enhancement techniques to improve
local hydrology.
Action N-2.3: Assess invasive species impacts.
• Conduct a predictive assessment of current and potential invasive species ranges and impacts.
• Support the current University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Assessment of
Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas by providing expertise and financial support.
• Determine potential invasive species' ranges and impacts on biodiversity and society through
partnerships between universities and local government agencies.
Action N-2.4: Evaluate and support protections and restoration programs in potential climate
change affected natural habitats.
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Habitats and other resources of concern include the Keys' freshwater lenses (i.e., groundwater), freshwater
wetlands and pine forests as well as coastal wetlands. Protecting and restoring these wetlands should help
reduce saltwater intrusion driven by sea level rise along with storm surges and the highest tides of the year.
Wetlands also help to retain and filter storm water runoff, reducing potential pollution from the built
environment. Restoration may include filling or plugging ditches, installing culverts to allow storm surge to run
off, and fire management to create or maintain high frequency, low intensity fire regimes in fire-dependent
uplands and wetlands of the lower Keys - which will slow the succession from pine and herbaceous species to
broadleaf species dominance.
Objectives:
1. Ensure connectivity between coastal and upland habitats
2. Promote natural coastal systems
• Promote the protection and restoration of coastal natural systems and the creation of living
shorelines at the regional scale.
• Identify specific locations and general conditions that could utilize living shorelines in place of, or in
combination with, seawalls.
• Write regulations encouraging the use or integration of living shorelines where feasible.
Goal N-3: Economics. Quantify and fund resiliency in natural areas.
W
Action N-3.1: Develop sustainable financing.
• Develop sustainable financing for the monitoring, protection, restoration, and management of natural
areas and ecosystem services.
• Conduct a scan of existing financing mechanisms that provide loans for projects that promote the
preservation of natural capital, such as the European Investment Bank's Natural Capital Financing
Facility.
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• Assess the feasibility of implementing natural capital financing through current local financing
institutions in Southeast Florida (e.g., state and county government, and local and national banks).
• Develop cost-benefit analyses of investments into natural systems, traditional infrastructure, and hybrid
green/gray approaches.
Action N-3.2: Identify, quantify, and maintain ecosystem services.
Monroe County will use proven methods to determine critical ecosystems including a determination of
economic value to the county. Monroe County will put in place protections based on each ecosystems service
value. g
Action N-3.3: Fund the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan.
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• Support and advocate for continued implementation and funding on the state and federal levels for the
Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP).
• Continue to provide political and financial support to the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan 0-
(CERP) and its updated version, which are fundamental to Everglades restoration.
• Contribute to the ongoing implementation of the CERP and updates to the implementation plans (such
as the Integrated Delivery Schedule) through the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Task Force and
relevant working groups.
Goal N-4: Communication. Communicate the value and impacts of local
ecosystems.
Action N,4.1: Foster public awareness and promote communication on biodiversity and
ecosystem services.
• Utilize the Monroe County website, public information office and social media platforms to increase
knowledge about the importance of best practices and conservation.
• Foster public awareness of the impacts of climate change on the region's natural systems and
ecosystem services.
• Conduct public opinion research of various stakeholders' values to effectively communicate how they
will be affected by climate change (e.g., impacts on natural systems that could create problems for
health, wellness, and outdoor recreation). ..
• Develop local communications strategies around climate impacts on ecological sites that have
community recognition or significance.
• Develop and share regional communication materials about the regional ecosystem services affected
by climate change. Flexible materials could include:
o Webinars
o Presentations
o Flyers
• Partner with local governments, NGOs, universities, libraries, faith-based organizations, and community
groups to disseminate local and regional natural systems messages.
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Action N-4.2: Form a species dispersal and conservation group.
• Identify or create a regional group to coordinate a plan to create adaptation corridors, living collections,
and other approaches to species dispersal and conservation.
• Convene representatives of current biodiversity and land conservation programs across Southeast
Florida.
• Review and align all current plans to encourage species dispersal and biodiversity, prioritizing the sites
and measures of greatest regional importance.
Goal N-5: Management. Implement management strategies for resilience in
natural areas.
Action N-5.1: Promote fisheries management approaches that account for range shifts and other 10
climate change impacts and Create fisheries adaptation plans.
0
• Identify the effects of climate change on fish populations, the sustainability of key fisheries, and the
fishing industry, then develop adaptation plans as needed.
• Review and analyze current research to develop a vulnerability assessment of the projected climate
0
impacts on the Southeast Florida fishing industry.
4-
• Convene stakeholders in the fishing industry, marine research, coastal management, and local
0
government to develop adaptation plans for the regional economy, including adaptation measures for
county and municipal level jurisdictions.
Action N-5.2: Implement strategies for protection of coral reefs.
• Support coral reef protection, restoration, and sustainable-use initiatives to help Florida's sensitive reefs
adapt to the changing climate and ocean acidification.
• Develop or promote programs encouraging behavior that mitigates negative human impacts on coral
reefs. Programs that would directly and indirectly support coral reef conservation and growth include:
o Greenhouse gas emissions reduction
o Transition to renewable energy
o Water quality protection
o Investment in reef-friendly businesses
o Responsible boating, snorkeling, and diving practices 0
o Sustainable, low-impact fishing practices
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Action N-5.3: Implement `green infrastructure', alone or in combination with built infrastructure,
to increase resiliency.
A healthy green infrastructure (e.g. mangroves, natural beaches, freshwater wetlands, coastal berms, coral
reefs), not only increases resilience to natural systems, but it also protects people and the built environment
from coastal hazards and climate change impacts including storms, sea level rise, drought and rainwater
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flooding. In addition, maintaining functional green infrastructure provides corridors for migration of shore side
habitat inland as sea level rises. Including green infrastructure as required coastal buffer yards in the land
development code provides protection from erosion due to sea level rise and protection from storms.
Stormwater management systems such as swales and bio retention are more effective when planted with
native vegetation and help ensure the longevity of the required stormwater controls. In addition, encouraging
the planting of native salt tolerant vegetation as a buffer along the shoreline helps to control stormwater runoff
and prevents further erosion while creating a living shoreline that can help reduce the impacts of storm surge.
Goal B-1: Landscape. Promote the conservation of native species and sustainable 1 �'
landscape practices
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w �
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Action 13-1.1: Promote Florida-Friendly Landscaping principles that encourage native flora and
prohibit the spread of invasive exotics species (httD://www.floridavards.org). In Process �
• Strengthen land development regulations (LDR) for natives, invasive and canopy trees.
• Adopt a certification program similar to Broward's NatureScape program.
• Complete a County-wide tree inventory and establish a tree canopy goal.
• Review land development regulations to better incentivize protecting natural resources on buildable
sites. (SAP: NS4.1)
• Provide incentives to developers to protect critical watershed protection areas. (SAP: NS4.2)
• Promote living shorelines and mangrove restoration as an alternative to traditional bulkheads for near-
term stabilization of eroding coastal areas, while also allowing for long-term marine ecosystem
migration. (SAP: NS5.2)
• Establish regulations creating buffer yards with native salt tolerant plants along all coast lines.
Action B-1.2: Encourage creation of new community gardens, organic urban agriculture ("Lust
ne acyar "), and edible County campuses to reduce travel time and impacts to the
environment.
• Review land development regulations and zoning requirements to encourage acceptable forms and '2
uses related to urban agriculture such as use of raised beds or any landscape constraints. (SAP:
BE4.1)
• Adopt zoning and development regulations that allow farmers markets, community gardens, urban
agriculture, and edible campuses in appropriate land uses. (SAP: BE4.2)
• Find opportunities to use public spaces for establishment of community gardens and produce markets
within zoning districts.
Action B-1.3: Encourage the planting of Green Rooftops on county facilities and residential
property.
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• At a minimum, require light-colored, reflective "cool roofs" on all newly constructed county facilities.
• Require cool roofs on all re-roofing of county facilities.
• Require the use of green roof technology on newly constructed county facilities over 25,000 square
feet.
• Incentivize green roof technology on private commercial and residential projects through grants, tax
incentives, loans, fast-track permitting, LEED points, reduction of permitting fees, etc.
S
Action B-1.4: Promote urban tree canopy.
• Maintain, create, and/or restore urban tree canopy.
• Ensure current tree planting and shade tree canopy programs establish native tree species over non-
native species.
• Identify and invest in salt-tolerant tree species that can withstand hurricanes and provide multiple
ecosystem services, such as habitat for other native species.
• Prioritize planting efforts in low-income areas where the existing tree canopy is disproportionately
0
sparse.
• Require certified arborists to conduct tree trimming or removal on county property.
J �
F Goal B-2: Built Adaptation. Incorporate adaptation to climate change impacts, M
especially sea level rise and storm surge in building codes, the planning of
developments and provision of services as appropriate.
Action 13-2.1: Develop and implement adaptive planning and zoning policies, regulations and
programs to ensure that appropriate land use, construction, mitigation and redevelopment S
activities address the potential impacts of sea level rise on Monroe County's infrastructure.
LAND USE
• Maintain and strengthen setback policies and the use of rolling easements to account for sea level rise
impacts. (SAP:BE1.1)
• Consider imposing use restrictions on development in areas most vulnerable to flooding. (SAP:BE1.2)
• Establish types of adaptation action areas that may include focus on living shorelines, development in
high risk areas, habitat migration corridors, levels of service for infrastructure or other sea level rise
mitigation projects. (SAP:BE1.10)
• Enhance Transfer of Development Rights program parameters to account for sea level rise impacts by
directing growth to land outside of potentially vulnerable areas.
• Research Community Rating System "Higher Regulatory Standards" for additional points-based
actions.
CONSTRUCTION & MITIGATION
• Establish triggers for retrofit of a structure impacted by changing site conditions such as when erosion is
within a certain distance of the foundation; when monthly high tides are within a certain distance of the
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finished floor elevation; or when a setback decreases to a certain width. Consider these concepts in
development/redevelopment principles: (SAP:BE1.3)
• Address sea level rise in "non-conforming" structures and redevelopment or replacement of existing
structures.
• Adopt an ordinance to address natural forces' degradation and damage to public roads, streets,
highways, bridges, sidewalks, curbs and curb ramps, crosswalks, bicycle ways, hiking and walking
paths and trails, underpasses, overpasses, and other improved public rights-of-way used for travel and
recreation or other appropriate infrastructure. (SAP:BE1.4)
• Make cisterns mandatory for each new residential unit to increase resiliency while decreasing resource
use, stormwater flows and water quality degradation.
• Conduct additional study of a freeboard initiative to elevate and floodproof buildings within Monroe
County including insurance benefits and funding sources. Identify additional barriers to elevating
strategies such as height restrictions that may curtail the ability of someone to construct to higher mE
elevations. (SAP:BE1.6)
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PROGRAMS
0
• Incentivize new "resiliency" construction standards such as Resilience START"", the Institute for
Business and Home Safety's FORTIFIED Home"", FORTIFIED Commercial, FORTIFIED Safer 20
Business, FORTIFIED for Safer Living®, RELi or other appropriate standard rating systems.
(SAP:BE1.5) 12
• Pilot "demonstration" projects to provide examples of benefits to residents and business owners. 2
Distribute information about GreenKeys! planning efforts at County events. (SAP:BE1.7)
• Identify funding sources to finance energy-efficiency and resiliency upgrades in residences and M
businesses. (SAP:BE1.9)
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• Enhance coordination with the development and real estate communities to provide information about 0
projected sea level rise impacts and solutions from the GreenKeys! planning process. Schedule annual
briefings with the predominant industry associations to increase communication. (SAP:BE1.11)
Action B-2.2: Revise Florida Statute to include financing storm hardening protection and
resiliency adaptations in the PACE program
IL
In 2010, the State of Florida established the framework for dependent special districts, municipalities and <
county governments to implement low-interest PACE (Property Assessed Clean Energy) financing programs,
the BOCC should lobby for additional inclusions to PACE that address storm hardening protection and building
resiliency.
x
Goal B-B: Built Mitigation. Identify measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions I
as well as promote energy and water conservation through changes in building
codes and practices.
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Action 13-3.1: Consider Land Development Regulations to increase energy efficiency, promote
renewable energy systems, and other green construction practices, as well as storm readiness in
excess of existing building codes for new and remodeled residential and commercial structures.
• Adopt the International Green Construction Code developed by the International Code Council through
land development regulations. The Florida State Green Building Model Ordinance provides guidance on
incentives for green building and adaptation for climate change.
• Facilitate net-zero building goal by providing policies and guidance to homeowners, businesses and
builders.
• Incorporate energy efficient design, construction, maintenance and waste reduction standards through
the use of regulation, education and incentives.
• Encourage greener, more efficient, and more durable construction practices by establishing an ongoing
process to address local zoning and building code requirements that recommend the following: E
o Require each municipal building department to have a "green" accredited official on staff.
o Require personnel in each building department to have continuing education units (CEUs) of
emerging energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies.
o Incorporate RFP specifications that will require accredited individuals on design teams and
incorporation of green building practices.
o Require Green Building Certification for all new residential and commercial buildings.
o Require 15% reduction of energy and water use for all major redevelopments.
o Incorporate RFP specifications that will incorporate green building practices and require green
accredited individuals on design teams.
o Require conduit for electric vehicles on all new buildings. 2
o Ensure resiliency and energy efficiency design considerations are included in affordable housing
projects. (SAP:BE1.8)
o Amend the land development regulations to require one out of three following elements for new
parking lots over a certain threshold in the number of spaces: (a) 50 percent of the parking lot to be
shaded by tree canopy, (b) solar photovoltaic panels, (c) or the use of cooling pavements or
pavement coatings with albedos greater than 40 percent if trees and solar panels are impractical
due to site considerations.
o Incorporate sustainable parking practices and design into land development regulations such as
including bike parking, reducing heat island effects, and other strategies to reduce environmental
impacts. (SAP:BE2.3)
o Research and implement policies and programs that reuse glass to the maximum extent possible.
This can include, but is not limited to roadwork, canal filling and beach re-nourishment.
Action B-3.2: Increase the use of pervious surfaces and decrease the use of impervious surfaces
to reduce stormwater runoff.
X
Pervious surfaces allow water to percolate into the soil to filter out pollutants and recharge the water table. ..
Impervious surfaces are solid surfaces that don't allow water to penetrate, forcing it to run off. The runoff
prevents the filtration of pollutants that decrease water quality and disrupt reproduction and growth
development in multiple organisms. In addition, stormwater runoff causes siltation of near shore waters
inhibiting the required amount of sunlight and causing die-off of corals and sea grasses. Ongoing consideration
is needed for incorporation of pervious asphalt and concrete in appropriate situations.
• Incorporate sustainable parking practices and design into land development regulations such as
increasing stormwater infiltration where applicable. (SAP:BE2.3)
• Pilot "demonstration" projects to provide examples of benefits.
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0.2.a
• Address stormwater runoff along streets, especially during raising roads.
• Green infrastructure
o Always consider pervious options (ie: Flexipave, Pervious pavers, etc.) for hardscape
alternatives.
• Incentivize cisterns
• Increase the percentage of funding invested in green infrastructure. (SAPNS3.3)
`
Action B-3.3: Strengthen regulation of noise and light pollution within the County.
Incorporate Dark Skies best practices into land development regulations to reduce light pollution and minimize
bird strike hazards. This could include incorporation of Dark..Shy..Friendly Lighting into County infrastructure to
further reduce light pollution within the County. Establish programs that eliminate existing sources of light
pollution coming from County-owned entities (SAP:BE3.1). Review code enforcement procedures to aE
specifically track noise and light violations so that trends can be monitored to reduce these types of issues.
(SAP:BE3.2)
0
U
Action B-3.4: Employ a Stormwater Engineer
r_
0
The County shall employ a stormwater engineer to better review all public and private projects within the o
County.
Action B-3.5: Require climate change adaptation training for contractors to learn green building
practices and to protect the natural shoreline against sea level rise.
4-
0
The Monroe County Building Department should develop training requirements for contractors to remain
informed of the best management practices for green building practices and protection of private property
against sea level rise effect while maximizing protection of the natural shoreline.
Action B-3.6: Require buildings to be FGB or LEED Standard for residential and commercial
development.
Building green has a positive return on investment. According to the Green New Deal, there is a six dollar
mitigation cost avoidance for every one dollar investment.
Action B-3.7: Increase the ROGO incentives for energy and water conservation.
The Monroe County Building Department currently incentivizes energy and water conservation with the
following point system for a ROGO development:
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Certified to standards of a sustainable building rating or national model green building code 3
Permanent concrete cistern with a minimum 1,000 gallon capacity 1
Gray water reuse system meeting requirements of the Florida Building Code 2
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Minimum 3KW solar photovoltaic collection system or equivalent renewable energy system 1
Ductless air conditioning system or high efficiency chillers 0.5
Provide 200% of the number of native landscape plants required by the LDC within 1
landscaped buffer yards and parking areas- NROGO only
Provide 25% of criteria above as native plants that are listed as threatened or endangered to 1
the Florida Keys- NROGO only
Landscaping designed with collection of rainfall for waste water for watering landscape plants- 1 S
NROGO only
a®
Only 12 ROGO applicants have utilized the energy and water conservation indicatives for additional ROGO
points. Increasing the allotted points for the individual conservation initiatives or requiring the conservation
initiatives on all new development would greatly increase the percentage of new development with energy and
water conservation measures. Implement mandatory prerequisites such as:
0
• Building higher than 1.5' above base flood to protect development from SLR and storm surge
• An elevated point system for each level of green building certification achieved E
• Mandatory cisterns
In addition, points could be allocated for other incentives such as those offered under the BPAS system in Key
West including:
• Design by a LEED credited architect
• Providing a high voltage conduit for electric vehicles
• Vegetated roofs
°°11111'l1111!iii!,°111I °°11111'11111!111!11!1° °°11111'11111!111!i!1°111I
Goal WA: Drinking Water. Support conservation strategies for protection of water
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resources.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11-------------------------------------------------------
Action W-Li: Advocate for sustained implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades
Restoration Plan (CERP) projects that increase the flow of freshwater into lower east coast
aquifers and Florida Bay for recharging the aquafer.
Monroe County will be proactive in supporting CERP projects including assigning key staff to decision making 5
roles in the process.
CERP will increase the resiliency of the local drinking water supply by helping to curtail saltwater intrusion into
the Biscayne Aquifer, the primary source of drinking water for the Florida Keys, and will improve the resiliency
and quality of the Florida Bay ecosystem. Monroe County should review, in coordination with appropriate
agencies, the impacts of climate change and sea level rise on the Everglades and support adaptive
management efforts to mitigate impacts. In addition, as the health of the Everglades directly affects the
environment and economy in the Florida Keys, Monroe County should have a proactive role with the boards
and agencies that are involved with Everglades restoration projects.
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Action W-1.2: Support climate change and conservation strategies of FKAA and SFWMD to
protect the existing freshwater supply for Monroe County. In Process
Monroe County will support the inclusion of adaptation measures that address impacts from climate change in
future updates of the FKAA Water Plan, the South Florida Water ManagementDistrict's Lower East Coast
e Tonal Water Suoolv Plan and other regional water management activities to ensure that Monroe County's
source of potable water supply is conserved and protected.
Action W 1.3: Implement water conservation measures.
Monroe County will provide resources to assist local governments, South Florida Water Management District
and FKAA in implementing regional water conservation strategies as a water supply demand management tool.
The county should fully promote government and public water-use audits to establish a baseline and identify
efficiency and conservation opportunities using state-of-the-art leak detection technology and other strategies.
Monroe County will require reuse where appropriate at county facilities and require the highest efficiency
technology in county owned or operated facilities.
0
Staff will coordinate with the Monroe County Health Department to encourage and facilitate gray water use.
Policies will be adopted which require that new and replacement toilets, showerheads, and other water fixtures
purchased by the County be low-flow, consistent with EPA's WaterSense or Engr Stir programs.
Furthermore, the county shall promote partnerships and consistent conservation policies and reduced per-
capita-use goals with all users within the County including homeowner's and condominium associations.
Goal W-2: Water Quality Protection. Implement measures to protect near shore l
water quality.
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Action W 2.1: Protect Wastewater Treatment Plants and collection systems from infiltration and
inflow.
Monroe County will work in coordination with all utilities and municipalities to maintain infrastructure protection `d
a.
and adaptation through infiltration and inflow program development to prevent loss of groundwater and reduce <
the need for additional treatment requirements...
x
Goal W 3: Alternative Water Supply. Encourage the development and expansion of
alternative water supply systems (AWS) for the Florida Keys.
IF E
Action W-3.1: Evaluate the reclamation and reuse of treated wastewater relative to potential
benefits in addressing climate change impacts.
Monroe County will work in coordination with all utilities and municipalities to evaluate current plans for
utilization of treated wastewater for reclamation and reuse. Reuse reduces total water withdrawals from the
aquifer well fields. Wastewater infrastructure should utilize the most energy efficient technology available and
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Packet Pg. 2103
0.2.a
feasible. The County should also evaluate technologies to better utilize wastewater byproducts to produce
renewable energy.
Action W 3.2: Develop policies that encourage rain water harvesting and gray water reuse.
The practice of rainwater harvesting to supplement non-potable and potable water supply should be
encouraged by all levels of government. While decreasing demand through water efficiency and conservation
are the primary means to protect the aquifer and reduce the associated energy consumption, harvesting
rainwater can reusing gray water should be fully exploited to increase the supply of water. Developing policies
that require water for irrigation systems to come from rainwater harvesting structures or gray water. Develop
policies and incentives to encourage rainwater harvesting.
As salt water intrusion into the Biscayne Aquifer continues with sea level rise, the need for reverse-osmosis
treated water from the Floridan Aquifer will increase and expansion of the existing facility may be the most
cost-effective means of maintaining the water supply for Monroe County in the mid-range time frame.
Technological improvements may make desalination more cost effective.
0
0
0
Case Study: St. Petersburg, FL
0
• First reclaimed water facility to be �
constructed in the U.S ;f// � �/ ��r �/''
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• Provides 316 fire
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• Average home ,//
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• Provides an alternative
supply, typically for lawn
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irrigation
Figure 14, C'li k fbr link �
39
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Goal R-1: Support the expansion of renewable energy sources and remove the
barriers to projects that support sustainability.
Action R-1.1: Provide staff and resources to an inter-departmental task force to address energy
efficiencies and adaptation needs for BOCC government operations.
Monroe County will provide support for an active Energy Reduction Task Force to affect the target reduction
E
adopted by the BOCC of at least a 40% reduction in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions below
2012 levels by 2030. This goal is to be accomplished through completion of a Governmental Operations
Climate Action Plan for operations under the purview of the BOCC.
Action R4.2: Require solar water heating and energy systems on all new construction or
redevelopment.
4-
This effort could involve collaborations with utilities or other agencies. Incentives don't work with low ROGO 0
points -can go with requirement for FGBC or LEED.
Action R4.3: Implement `fast track' solar permitting and support solar cooperatives.
Develop a fast trach solar permitting option to reduce barriers to solar implementation. Coordinate with
SolSmart.org on solar cooperatives.
Action R-1.4: Encourage the electrical utilities, Florida Keys Electric Cooperative and Keys Energy
Services, to adopt practices to increase use of renewable energy.
The utilities should be encouraged to implement incentive programs to increase the use of renewable energy a®
within the county and minimize the use of fossil fuels, especially coal, as a fuel source. Of all the available Ix
fossil fuels used for electrical generations, coal emits the most greenhouse gases. The County should ..
recognize and support local utilities which build their own renewable energy facilities such as Florida Keys
Electric Cooperative's Simply Solar. program.
Action R4.5: Conduct local alternative energy studies to evaluate their feasibility in achieving the
County's greenhouse gas emissions goals.
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Packet Pg. 2105
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Solar energy is well documented as a viable source of renewable energy, but national studies indicate potential
for Monroe County in wave or hydro turbine technologies. Work cooperatively with municipalities and other
agencies to develop consistent permitting requirements for renewable energy projects.
Action R-L& Employ an Energy Manager.
Monroe County will reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions by funding an energy manager for
public facilities. The action will have the added benefit of saving taxpayer dollars.
11111 11111 111D WAS°°11111 & 111R11111!111!11!1CYC11111 IIIII III
I
Goal S-1: Create a Solid Waste/Recycling Action Plan to achieve zero waste by
1 2050.
0
Action S-1.1: Develop County solid waste Master Plan disposal structure to enhance waste
diversion. In Process
Revise the County solid waste disposal rate structure in order to maintain and enhance incentives, outreach
programs, and other activities designed to increase recycling and composting. Renegotiate franchise
arrangements and haul out contracts, where necessary, to maximize the efforts to reduce solid waste
shipments to the mainland.
Action S-1.2: Adopt progressive, phased in, zero waste programs designed to be end user friendly
for residents and businesses.
Provide support for partnerships with municipal solid waste operation to maximize efficiency. Utilize existing
data from successful programs in Florida to guide BOCC/ staff development of a Solid Waste and Recycling
Action Plan. Consideration of a variety of source reduction programs need to be assessed not only for both cv
financial and environmental costs and benefits.
Create a mandatory green To-Go ordinance.
Action S-L& Track the Solid Waste Master Plan through key performance indicators.
Track solid waste GHG emissions including waste to energy and waste transport emissions.
Evaluate performance and progress of measures in the County Solid Waste/Recycling Action Plan.
Evaluate reduction achievements in the Comprehensive plan.
Action S-1.4: Implement ordinances that encourage economic opportunities for recycling/reuse
business ventures and reevaluate existing ordinances to remove restrictions that may discourage
recycling.
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Packet Pg. 2106
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The City of Key West Master Plan encourages glass reuse locally, establishing cost savings for county projects
and utilizing recycled glass as sand for beach refurbishment.
Examples of implementing activities include: 1) Support regional bottle bills and inexpensive disposal options;
2) Incorporate business opportunity measures in the County Solid Waste/Recycling Plan; and 3) Incorporate
reduction goals into the Comprehensive plan.
Action 5-1.5: Monroe County will revise its plan to handle storm related solid waste.
The action plan should include means for composting as much debris as possible as well as its use in waste-
to-energy opportunities.
I
Goal 5-2: Implement specific recycling plans for the residential, business,
institutional and construction sectors.'
Action S-2.1: Develop goals, objectives and policies to expand local capacity to process recycled 0
materials and promote development of reuse, recovery, and light manufacturing activities.
Expanding local capacity to process and use recycled materials has the potential to reduce the GHG emissions
associated with transporting materials elsewhere as well as create local jobs in the waste management sector.
The County should adopt goals which expand the types of materials that are collected for local reuse and
recycling, in order to increase waste diversion.
Incentive programs need to be designed to decrease the export of waste out of the County, increasing climate
change mitigation efforts. Expanding local capacity to process recycled materials has the potential to reduce
the GHG emissions associated with transporting materials elsewhere as well as create local jobs in the waste
management sector. The County's goal should be to expand the types of materials that are collected for local
reuse, in order to increase waste diversion.
Action 5-2.2: Evaluate a Pay-As-You-Throw residential solid waste program.
IL
A pay-as-you-throw program will encourage residents to recycle and to conduct at-home yard waste and �s
composting to avoid user fees for excessive solid waste or organics. An accompanying educational effort can
greatly assist residents adapt to the program. The County can use the composted material in conjunction with
construction debris for fill in sea level rise adaptation efforts.
x
Action 5-2.3: Implement a community compost program.
Food and yard waste account for 40-45% of our County's waste stream.
Action 5-2.4: Develop a program for mandatory recycling for commercial (i.e. non-residential)
businesses, government, agencies, and organizations.
The following measures should be considered.
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Packet Pg. 2107
O.2.a
• Provide a range of container sizes and types for all commercial recycling accounts, priced accordingly
to minimize the amount of solid waste generated. Pricing must provide comparisons for equivalent
size/type/collection frequency of recycling containers versus trash collection.
• Commercial recycling and trash collection rates to be incorporated into all franchise agreements.
• Provide education about tax credits to businesses for recycling of all end-of-life products like furniture,
appliances, fixtures, electronics to appropriate end of product life handlers and recyclers.
• Expand low cost hazardous and electronic waste program for commercial users with convenient drop
off locations and hours.
• Provide comprehensive commercial recycling education opportunities. IL
Action 5-2.5: Develop goals, objectives and policies to increase recycling of recoverable waste
from all construction sites throughout Monroe County.
The DEP has best management practices, reports and legislation related to C & D recycling:
ttp://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categories/rec cling/cd/can dmain. tm
0
1. Encourage pre-processing of C&D in franchise/license agreements, building permits or ordinances with 0
possible incentives (fee rebates).
0
2. Incentivize C&D recycling (on-site or off-site), and the use of recycled building materials.
3. Develop a partnership with in-county recycling companies to keep most construction debris in County for
use in adaptation efforts to combat sea level rise.
Goal S-3: Expand efforts to eliminate waste at its source.
Action 5-3.1: Continue to set legislative priority for Florida Home Rule.
If`Home Rule" is allowed, Monroe County should implement a ban on single use plastic products.
Each year millions of discarded plastic shopping bags end up as litter in the environment when improperly
disposed. The same properties that have made plastic bags so commercially successful and ubiquitous—
namely their low weight and resistance to degradation—have also contributed to their proliferation in the
environment.
In Florida, the Energy, Climate Change, and Economic Security Act of 2008 (House Bill 7135) signed into law
by former Governor Crist created Section 403.7033, Florida Statutes. This section requires the Florida :2
Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) to perform an analysis and submit a report to the Legislature Wx
by February 1, 2010 regarding the necessity and efficacy of both statewide and local regulation of bags used
by consumers to carry products from retail establishments. Until such time that the Legislature adopts the
recommendations of FDEP, no local or state government may enact any regulation or tax on the use of such
retail bags
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Goal T 1: Transportation. Encourage the use of public transportation, ride sharing,
and a shift to fossil fuel efficient and electric commuter vehicles through the
provision of the appropriate infrastructure.
Action T 1.1: Adopt sustainable fleet policies.
Monroe County will adopt policies to increase fuel efficiency in county owned fleet vehicles and equipment.
Monroe County will develop a fleet strategy to include; "right sizing" vehicles based on actual use, increasing
hybrid or alternative fuel vehicles and requiring ride sharing when appropriate.
5
Action T 1.2: Develop a sustainable county wide public transportation system and coordinate
transportation-related adaptation policies across jurisdictional boundaries.
�s
0
1. Pursue funding opportunities for public mass transit, at the local, state and federal level.
2. Coordinate with the municipalities and the South Florida Regional Transportation Authority to improve the
mass transit system functions on a regional level to allow Keys residents effective mass transit within the
entire county and to the mainland.
3. Encourage vehicle ride sharing where mass transportation is not practical.
4. Provide the infrastructure and support facilities to encourage and enhance the use of mass transportation
and ride sharing.
a) Establishing commuter-parking facilities in each island community.
b) Provide electric charging stations (preferably solar powered) at each of these parking facilities.
c) Raise parking facilities above high water levels.
Action T 1.3: Develop regulations that all development (or re-development) include bicycle
accommodations and promote their use to reduce miles driven.
1. Develop a countywide bicycle/pedestrian plan integrated with the FDEP Overseas Heritage Trail and the
commuter parking areas. a®
2. Provide more bicycle routes and bike racks throughout the County.
3. Provide bicycle and pedestrian ways for connecting residential areas to recreational areas, commuter
parking, schools, shopping areas and employment areas.
4. Promote a bike share program.
Action T 1.4: Promote the infrastructure and encourage use of alternative fuels and alternative
fuel vehicles. In Process
Alternative fuels such as biodiesel, propane, and eventually hydrogen can reduce dependence on fossil fuels,
but such alternatives need government support or encouragement. Grant funding should be sought to fund
evaluation pilot projects. One method of encouraging the needed transition is for the local governmental
entities to acquire and use alternative fuels whenever possible. Other possible approaches include:
1. Encouraging the establishment of alternative fueling/charging stations.
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Packet Pg. 2109
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2. Working with the Monroe County School Board and College of the Florida Keys to create and expand
training programs.
3. Introducing alternative fueled vehicles when replacing county vehicles. Encourage municipalities to do so
as well.
Action T 1.5: Encourage creation of a Florida Keys Electric Highway. In Process
The installation of fast-charging stations throughout the Florida Keys along U.S. 1 will facilitate the increase
use of electric vehicles by both residents and tourists. The creation of a Florida Keys Electric Highwaywould 2
greatly complement the current designations of the Florida Keys Scenic Highway and the Overseas Heritage
Trail. Promote electric vehicles or shuttle services for island transportation and provide leadership by
purchasing electric vehicles for use in the county fleet. Encourage accessible "plug in" locations for electric
vehicles in new development projects or major renovations. Require all new development or major renovations
to be wired for electric vehicles. Install electric fast-charging stations at all the major county facilities.
5
Action T 1.6: Develop raised commuter parking at transportation hubs to provide support for
increased mass transit usage and to protect parked vehicles from sea level rise and storm surge.
0
Elevated commuter parking areas are defined as areas where the parking level is raised to heights equal to or
above that of the adjacent U.S.1 roadway and are sufficient in size to provide reasonable access for the nearby
community. Multimodal infrastructure e. raised commuter parking) and support facilities e.y ( g., p g) pp ( g., electric
charging stations) are needed to encourage the use of electric vehicles for on-island transportation and the use
of mass transportation for island to island transportation. Sites throughout the County along the U.S.1 corridor
are needed to provide commuter parking at ground levels equivalent to the adjacent highway to provide
protection from anticipated sea levels and the concomitant increases in extreme tides and storm surges.
4-
0
Action T 1.7: Develop solar structures.
Alternatives to the use of fossil fuels can be further limited by the development of solar charging stations for the
Florida Keys electric highway. The use of solar trees at charging stations help to reduce the amount of energy
required for charging EV from the electrical grid (fossil fuels). Parking lot solar carports as found at the city hall
building in Key West provide solar energy while reducing heat radiation from asphalt parking lots. Install solar
trees at electric fast-charging stations throughout the county and solar carports at all the major county facilities.
M
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Goal H-1: Establish and maintain a `°Health in all Policies" approach to gov
Packet Pg. 2110
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Action H-1.1: Assess and evaluate the Public Health impact of County government decisions and
actions in accordance with the World Health Organization's definition of health, which is "a state
of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity" (WHO, 1948).
Action H-1.2: Recognize vulnerability as a complex phenomenon with social, economic, health, a.
and cultural dimensions and incorporate this knowledge into planning and preparedness 02
response activities. This will increase knowledge and awareness of the health consequences of
climate change.
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Action 1114.3: Support improved collection of weather-related health data to monitor conditions of
concern identified in the 2014 Health Impact Assessment of the Regional Climate Action Plan
including: E
r_
0
• Heat-related Illness
• Respiratory Diseases
• Foodborne Diseases
• Mental Health Disorders
• Vectorborne and Zoonotic Diseases
• Waterborne Diseases
Action 114.4: Increase outreach and engagement to the healthcare community in the planning
and emergency response processes via medical associations and established professional
organizations.
Action H-1.5: Support the allocation of resources to improve understanding of the public health
impacts of regional industries such as tourism, agriculture, and healthcare to identify innovations
which reduce related negative health consequences.
Action 1114.6: Utilize the Florida Department of Health, Monroe County Emergency Management,
and Federal Emergency Management Administration preparedness resources including trainings,
templates, and continuity of operations planning tools for non-government entities. E
i
Goal H-2: Implement public works policies which reduce negative health
consequences of climate change impacts such as extreme heat, vector borne
diseases, and increased UV radiation.
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Packet Pg. 2111
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Action H-2.1: Convert current drinking fountains to water refilling hydration stations in all County
facilities as equipment is replaced and new facilities are constructed.
Action H-2.2: Construct shade structures at strategic County locations, including bus stops.
Action H-2.3: Install `reef-safe' sunscreen dispensers on County properties, including County
Parks and Recreational Areas.
Action H-2.4: Maintain currently dedicated County resources to control the transmission of vector
borne diseases through species and habitat management. E
5
0
�s
0
0
4-
0
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x
0
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APPENDIX A: COMPLETED ACTION ITEMS
Completed MCAP 1.0 Action Items
MCAP 1.0 Description
Action Item #
P-1.1 Develop an implementation strategy for the Monroe County Community Climate Action Plan.
P-1.4 Maintain and support a Monroe County Sustainability Office
�s
0
M-1.1 Encourage and participate in long-term regional modeling.
0
0
M-2.1 Improve inundation mapping and modeling.
M-2 2 Use improved inundation mapping to identify the sections of roadways, critical structures
and natural areas that will be affected by sea level rise projections.
4-
0
M-3.2 Develop plans with service providers for the delivery of routine and emergency services to
areas impacted by each of the current SLR projections.
M-3.3 Create a framework to evaluate vulnerabilities and prioritize them for adaptation actions.
B-4.6 Establish video conferencing facilities to allow residents and employees to participate in cL
advisory and commission meetings without having to drive long distances. �s
Require installation of a rain detection device on all automatic or timer-controlled irrigation
W-1'5 systems to cease irrigation during periods of rainfall.
W-2 2 Complete conversion of wastewater systems in the Keys to Advanced Wastewater
Treatment (AWT).
W-3 2 Encourage the conversion of abandoned septic tanks to non-potable rainwater collection
cisterns in accordance with Florida Department of Health procedures
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R-1.1 Support legislation to establish a minimum 20% renewable portfolio standard
R-1.2 Implement a Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) or similar program for Monroe
County residents and businesses.
S-2.3 Evaluate the use of existing transfer stations for a community organics compost program.
Lobby the State of Florida to allow local communities to regulate single-use plastic bags, to
S-3.1 go containers, straws etc and implement such a program as soon as possible.
�s
Monroe County government should adopt Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP)
S-3.2 policies for their internal operations to set a positive example for other government entities
and local businesses. 0
0
0
4-
0
�s
x
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APPENDIX B: POLICY ACTION ITEMS
Policy Action Items
MCAP 2.0 Description
Action Item#
Utilize the "Adaptation Action Area" designation to prioritize areas deemed most vulnerable
M-2.1 to sea level rise and other climate change impacts.
N-1.1 Adopt policies that promote conservation and environmental protection.
�s
Develop and implement adaptive planning and zoning policies, regulations and programs to
B-2.1 ensure that appropriate land use, construction, mitigation and redevelopment activities
address the potential impacts of sea level rise on Monroe County's infrastructure.
r_
0
R-1 1 Provide staff and resources to an inter-departmental task force to address energy
efficiencies and adaptation needs for BOCC government operations.
T-1.1 Adopt sustainable fleet policies.
4-
0
N
�s
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APPENDIX C: ALL ACTION ITEMS
All Action Items
MCAP 2.0 Description
Action Item #
Provide resources and leadership to the Southeast Florida Climate Change Compact to
L-1.1 advance mitigation and adaptation efforts to address the potential negative impacts related
to climate variability and change.
L-1 2 Provide advocacy and leadership for adoption of climate change policies and legislation with mE
local, state, and federal entities.
0
L-1.3 Maintain a community BOCC Climate Change Advisory Committee. U
0
0
L-1.4 Monroe County Events will be required to be carbon neutral.
M-1 1 Seek technical support from state and federal agencies and universities for development of
climate change scenarios appropriate for Monroe County.
4-
0
M-2 1 Utilize the "Adaptation Action Area" designation to prioritize areas deemed most vulnerable
to sea level rise and other climate change impacts.
Adopt overall long-range planning documents which account for vulnerability. Planning
M-2.2 documents such as the Stormwater Master Plan, Capital Improvement Plan and the Roads
and Bridges Plan should be revised to include current projections.
M-3.1 Support a monitoring program to annually evaluate and observe climate change impacts a.
and responses on the natural and built environments within Monroe County.
Develop a Monroe County Communication Plan for outreach and education to business and
E-1.1 residents regarding the potential impacts of climate change and sea level rise and potential
mitigation and adaptation strategies to minimize those impacts.
E-1.2 Develop and disseminate an educational toolkit for business owners and the public on how
to offset carbon emissions.
E-1.3 Leverage Art in Public Places to create materials to educate residents on climate change
impacts.
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E-2.1 Develop and promote green workforce capability within the County.
E-2.2 Develop a Green Business Resiliency Guide and online certification platform.
E-2.3 Encourage Growth of New Eco-Friendly Green Business.
N-1.1 Adopt policies that promote conservation and environmental protection.
�s
N-1.2 Support partnerships for conservation.
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N-1.3 Promote government conservation land acquisition.
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Coordinate with state, regional and national strategic planning efforts to address the
N-1.4 vulnerabilities of the natural environment to climate change impacts.
Support the recommendations of the Florida Reef Resilience Program's "Climate Change
N-1.5 Action Plan for the Florida Coral Reef System 2010-2015" through participation in
recommended management, education and research areas, as appropriate.
Promote and encourage policies that provide adaptive capacity to species and habitats to
N-2.1 respond effectively to changing conditions, especially to those that are particularly
vulnerable to climate change.
N-2.2 Explore options to restore hydrology (e.g., mosquito ditches, canals.)
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N-2.3 Assess invasive species impacts.
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N-2.4 Evaluate and support protections and restoration programs in potential climate change
affected natural habitats.
N-3.1 Develop sustainable financing.
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N-3.2 Identify, quantify, and maintain ecosystem services.
N-3.3 Fund the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan.
N-4.1 Foster public awareness and promote communication on biodiversity and ecosystem
services.
N-4.2 Form a species dispersal and conservation group.
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N-5 1 Promote fisheries management approaches that account for range shifts and other climate
change impacts and Create fisheries adaptation plans. U
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N-5.2 Implement strategies for protection of coral reefs.
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Identify, protect, restore and enhance sites where `green infrastructure', alone or in
N-5.3 combination with built infrastructure, can increase resilience of the natural and built
environments.
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Promote Florida-Friendly Landscaping principles that encourage native flora and prohibit the 00
B-1.1 spread of invasive exotics species (http://www.floridayards.org).
Encourage creation of new community gardens, organic urban agriculture ("Just One 0
B-1.2 Backyard"), and edible County campuses to reduce travel time and impacts to the
environment.
B-1.3 Encourage the planting of Green Rooftops on county facilities and residential property.
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B-1.4 Promote urban tree canopy.
Develop and implement adaptive planning and zoning policies, regulations and programs to
B-2.1 ensure that appropriate land use, construction, mitigation and redevelopment activities 0
address the potential impacts of sea level rise on Monroe County's infrastructure.
B-2 2 Revise Florida Statute to include financing stormwater protection and resiliency adaptations
in the PACE program
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Consider Land Development Regulations to increase energy efficiency, promote renewable
B-3.1 energy systems, and other green construction practices, as well as storm readiness in
excess of existing building codes for new and remodeled residential and commercial
structures.
B-3 2 Increase the use of pervious surfaces and decrease the use of impervious surfaces to
reduce stormwater runoff.
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B-3.3 Strengthen regulation of noise and light pollution within the County.
B-3.4 Employ a Stormwater Engineer.
B-3 5 Require climate change adaptation training for contractors to learn green building practices
and to protect the natural shoreline against sea level rise. U
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Require buildings to be FGB or LEED Standard for residential and commercial
B-3.6 development.
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B-3.7 Increase the ROGO incentives for energy and water conservation.
Advocate for sustained implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan
W-1.1 (CERP) projects that increase the flow of freshwater into lower east coast aquifers and
Florida Bay for recharging the aquafer.
W-1 2 Support climate change and conservation strategies of FKAA and SFWMD to protect the
existing freshwater supply for Monroe County.
W-1.3 Implement water conservation measures.
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W-2.1 Protect Wastewater Treatment Plants and collection systems from infiltration and inflow.
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W-3 1 Evaluate the reclamation and reuse of treated wastewater relative to potential benefits in
addressing climate change impacts.
W-3.2 Develop policies that encourage rain water harvesting and gray water reuse.
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R-1 1 Provide staff and resources to an inter-departmental task force to address energy
efficiencies and adaptation needs for BOCC government operations.
R-1.2 Require solar water heating and energy systems on all new construction or redevelopment.
R-1.3 Implement `fast track' solar permitting and support solar cooperatives.
Encourage the electrical utilities, Florida Keys Electric Cooperative and Keys Energy
R-1.4 Services, to adopt practices to increase use of renewable energy.
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R-1.5 Conduct local alternative energy studies to evaluate their feasibility in achieving the
County's greenhouse gas emissions goals. U
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R-1.6 Employ an Energy Manager.
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5-1.1 Develop County solid waste Master Plan disposal structure to enhance waste diversion.
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Adopt progressive, phased in, zero waste programs designed to be end user friendly for 0
5-1.2 residents and businesses.
5-1.3 Track the Solid Waste Master Plan through key performance indicators.
Implement ordinances that encourage economic opportunities for recycling/reuse business
5-1.4 ventures and reevaluate existing ordinances to remove restrictions that may discourage
recycling.
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5-1.5 Monroe County will revise its plan to handle storm related solid waste.
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S-2 1 Develop goals, objectives and policies to expand local capacity to process recycled
materials and promote development of reuse, recovery, and light manufacturing activities.
5-2.2 Evaluate a Pay-As-You-Throw residential solid waste program.
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S-2.3 Implement a community compost program.
S-2 4 Develop a program for mandatory recycling for commercial (i.e. non-residential) businesses,
government, agencies, and organizations.
S-2 5 Develop goals, objectives and policies to increase recycling of recoverable waste from all
construction sites throughout Monroe County.
S-3.1 Lobby for Florida Home Rule.
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T-1.1 Adopt sustainable fleet policies.
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Encourage a functional county wide public transportation system and coordinate
T-1.2 transportation-related adaptation policies across jurisdictional boundaries.
0
T-1.3 Enhance bicycle and pedestrian safety and promote their use to reduce miles driven.
4-
Promote the infrastructure and encourage use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel 0
T-1.4 vehicles.
T-1.5 Encourage creation of a Florida Keys Electric Highway.
T-1.6 Develop raised commuter parking at transportation hubs to provide support for increased
mass transit usage and to protect parked vehicles from sea level rise and storm surge.
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T-1.7 Develop solar structures.
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H-1.1 Assess and evaluate the Public Health impact of County government decisions and actions r
in accordance with the World Health Organization's definition of health.
Recognize vulnerability as a complex phenomenon with social, economic, health, and
H-1.2 cultural dimensions and incorporate this knowledge into planning and preparedness
response activities.
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H-1.3 Support improved collection of weather-related health data to monitor conditions of concern
identified in the 2014 Health Impact Assessment of the Regional Climate Action Plan.
Increase outreach and engagement to the healthcare community in the planning and
H-1.4 emergency response processes via medical associations and established professional
organizations.
Support the allocation of resources to improve understanding of the public health impacts of
H-1.5 regional industries such as tourism, agriculture, and healthcare to identify innovations which
reduce related negative health consequences.
Utilize the Florida Department of Health, Monroe County Emergency Management, and
H-1.6 Federal Emergency Management Administration preparedness resources including
trainings, templates, and continuity of operations planning tools for non-government entities.
H-2 1 Convert current drinking fountains to water refilling hydration stations in all County facilities
as equipment is replaced and new facilities are constructed.
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H-2.2 Construct shade structures at strategic County locations, including bus stops.
0
H-2.3 Install `reef-safe' sunscreen dispensers on County properties, including County Parks and
Recreational Areas.
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Maintain currently dedicated County resources to control the transmission of vector borne
H-2.4 diseases through species and habitat management.
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RESOLUTION NO. —2019 0
0
A RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF COUNTY
COMMISSIONERS OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA FOR c
RECIEVING OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE ADVISORY
COMMITTEE RECOMENDATIONS.
WHEREAS, Monroe County, Florida, encompasses the uniquely beautiful natural
environment of the Florida Keys;and
4-
WHEREAS, the Monroe County Board of Commissioners is dedicated to 0
preservation of the natural environment,conservation of energy and natural resources,
encouraging residents and visitors to be good stewards of the environment; and
a�
WHEREAS, the Monroe County Board of Commissioners has made environmental
stewardship a priority by embracing the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change
Compact, the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement, the ICLEI process for
developing a Climate Action Plan, and by forming advisory committees including the A
Monroe County Climate Change Advisory Committee; and
WHEREAS, the Board of County Commissioners,upon recommendation by the Climate
Change Advisory Committee, Monroe County sustainability office, and UF/IFAS Monroe
County Extension Service,established a target goal for the county to reduce greenhouse 00
gas emissions and associated energy costs for county operations 40% below 2012
levels by 2030 relative to the 2012 baseline inventory;and
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WHEREAS, the Monroe County Board of Commissioners formally established a c
building standard for public buildings pursuant to Florida Statute§255.2575;and;
0
WHEREAS, the Monroe County Board of Commissioners formally established the
Climate Change Advisory Committee and in 2013 the committee completed a Monroe 0
County Climate Action Plan which staff reviewed; and z
0
WHEREAS, the Climate Action Plan presented by the Climate Change Advisory
Committee was approved and adopted by the Monroe County Board of Commissioners 0
on September 17, 2013; and W
WHEREAS, continuing the County's commitment to embrace the conservation and
sustainability of Monroe County and its resources, in June of 2016 Monroe County
adopted the County's official action plan otherwise known as the GreenKeys W
Sustainability Action Plan, which identifies the County's vulnerabilities to sea level >
rise and climate change—and provides a comprehensive 5-year roadmap on how best
to proactively deal with these issues that likely will worsen in the future; and
WHEREAS, the Climate Change Advisory Committee, building upon the
recommendations put forth in the Committee's 2013 Climate Action, desires to present
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additional recommendations for review by appropriate county staff for compatibility
with Monroe County's Green Keys Sustainability Action Plan;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY 0
COMMISSIONERS OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA: 0
Section 1. The Board acknowledges receipt of the Monroe County Climate
Change Committee recommendations, attached hereto and made a part hereof
as Exhibit "A", and directs County staff to review them for consistency with
the previously adopted actions of the Commission.
Section 2. The Board directs staff to determine which of these 0
recommendations should be used for the development and implementation of
c�
future climate initiatives.
PASSED AND ACCEPTED by the Board of County Commissioners of Monroe
County, Florida, at a meeting of said Board held on the 18th day of September, 2019.
Mayor Sylvia Murphy T
T
Mayor Pro Tem Danny Kolhage
Commissioner David Rice >
Commissioner Heather Carruthers
Commissioner Michelle Coldiron
00
IL
(SEAL) BOARD OF COUNTY
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COMMISSIONERS c
Attest: KEVIN MADOK,Clerk OF MONROE COUNTY, FL g
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By — By —
Deputy Clerk Mayor
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W
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