Resolution P-3
("
RESOLUTION NO. P.. 3-1971
WHEREAS. the Board of County Commissioners of Monroe County,
Florida, desires to amend the "PLUMBING CODE FOR MONROE COUNTY,
FLORIDA" duly adopted by Resolution No. Pool by said board, now, therefore,
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA, that the IIPLUMBING CODE FOR MONROE
COUNTY, FLORIDA" be and the same is hereby amended by adding the
following:
"Section 23
Plastic p. V. C. Pipe"
Plastic p. V. C. Pipe shall be permitted in factory assembled homes
for drainage, waste and vents only, provided same complies
with the Southern Standard Plumbing Code.
Dated May 25, 1971.
.
PLUMBING CODE
FOR
MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA
..... .VW ",ounry
Zoning Department
THE SANITARY CODE OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA, CHAPTER
8, PLUl1BING, IS ADOPTED AS THE PLUl1BING CODE OF 110NROE
COUNTY, FLORIDA, WITH THE FOLLOWING ADDITIONS.
SECTION 16, ADl1INISTRATION
(A) THE 110NROE COUNTY ZONING DIRECTOR SHALL ADl1INISTER
THIS CODE ASSISTED BY HIS AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE AND
INSPECTORS.
SECTION 17. SCOPE
(A) THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CODE SHALL APPLY TO EYERY
PLUl1BING INSTALLATION, INCLUDING ALTERATIONS,
REPAIRS, EQUIPl1ENT, APPLIANCES, FIXTURES, FITTINGS
AND/OR APPURTENANCES THERETO, WITHIN THE COUNTY OR
WHEN CONNECTED TO PUBLIC WATER OR SEWERAGE SYSTE/f.
(B) l1AINTENANCE
ALL PLUl1BING, BOTH EXISTING AND NEW, AND ALL PARTS
THEREOF, SHALL BE l1AINTAINED IN SAFE AND SANITARY
CONDITION. ALL DEYICES OR SAFEGUARDS WHICH ARE
REQUIRED BY THIS CODE SHALL BE /fAINTAINED IN GOOD
. WORKING ORDER.. TeE OWNER,. OR HIS DESIGNA'.rED AGENT,
SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE /fAINTENANCE OF PLU/fB- .
ING.
(C) NOTHING IN THIS CODE SHALL PREVENT ANY HOl1E OWNER
FRO/f INSTALLING AND /fAINTAINING HIS OWN PLU/fBING
PROVIDED HE /fEETS THE PROVISIONS OF THE PLU/fBING
CODE.
SECTION 18. POWERS AND DUTIES 011' COUNTY INSPECTORS
(A) RIGHT OF ENTRY.
THE ZONING DIRECTOR SHALL ENFORCE THE PROVISIONS
OF THIS CODE AND HE OR HIS DULY AUTHORIZED REPRESENTA-
TIVE, /fAY ENTER ANY BUILDING, STRUCTURE, OR PRE/fISES
IN THE COUNTY TO PERFOR/f ANY DUTY I/fPOSED UPON HIl1 BY
THIS CODE.
(B) STOP WORK ORDERS.
UPON NOTICE FROl1 THE INSPECTOR THAT WORK OR ANY
PLU/fBING INSTALLATION IS BEING DONE CONTRARY '1'0 THE
PROVISIONS OF THIS CODE OR IN A DANGEROUS OR UNSAFE
l1ANNER, SUCH WORK SHALL BE Il1/fEDIATELY STOPPED. SUCH
NOTICE SHALL BE IN WRITING AND SHALL BE GIVEN TO THE
OWNER OF SUCH PROPERTY, OR TO HIS AGENT, OR 'I'D THE
PERSON DOING THE WORK, AND SHALL STATE THE CONDITIONS
UNDER WHICH WORK l1AY BE RESUl1ED. WHERE ANY El1ERGENCY
EXISTS, ORAL NOTICE GIVEN BY THE INSPECTOR SHALL BE
SUFFICIENT.
/'., ,
.
(c) REVOCATION OF PERHITS
THE INSPECTOR HAY REVOKE A PERHIT OR APPROV.A.L,
ISSUED UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT, IN CASE THERE
H.A.S BEEN A.NY FALSE STATElfENT OR l1ISREPRESENT.A.TION .A.S
'1'0 THE /fATERIAL II'A CT IN THE .A.PPL ICA '1' ION OR PLANS ON
WHICH THE PER/fIT OR APPROVAL WAS B.A.SED. IN ALL SUCH
CASES NO PERl1IT FEES SHALL BE REFUNDED.
(D) UNSAFE INSTALLATIONS
ALL PLUnBING INSTALLATIONS, REGARDLESS OF TYPE,
WHICH ARE UNSANITARY OR WHICH CONSTITUTE .A. HAZARD TO
HUl1AN LIFE, HEALTH OR WELFARE ARE HEREBY DECLARED
ILLEGA.L AND SHALL BE ABATED BY REPAIR AND REHABILITA-
TION OR BY DE110LITION IN A.CCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE
.A.S OUTLINED IN SECTION 103.4- UNSAFE BUILDINGS, OF THE
SOUTHERN BUILDING CODE.
(E) REQUIRElfENTS 80'1' COVERED BY CODE
ANY REQUIREHENT NECESSARY FOR THE SAFETY, STRENGTH
OR STA.BILITY OF AN EXISTING, OR PROPOSED PLUl1BING IN-
E'1'Al.,luf. 'PION, OR FOR ~FJZ. 8,A,rJrTY OF THE OCCUPANTS OF .A.
BUILDING OR STRUCTURE, NOT SPECIFICALLY COVERED BY THIS
CODE, SHALL BE DETERHINED BY THE INSPECTOR, SUBJECT TO
THE ADHINISTRATIYE AUTHORITY.
(,) ALTERNATE l1ATERIA.LS AND ALTERNATE l1ETHODS OR)
INSTALLA. '1' IONS.
AL TERNA TE PL U/fBING /fATERI.A.LS AND AL TERNA TE l1ETHODS
OF INSTA.LLATIONS H.A.Y BE APPROVED IN EXISTING BUILDINGS
OR PRE/fISES IN WHICH PLUl1BING INSTALLATIONS A.RE TO BE
ALTERED, REP.A.IRED, OR RENO VA TED. THE INSPECTOR HAS
DISCRETIONARY POWER TO PERl1IT DEVIATION FROl1 THE PRO-
VISIONS OF THIS CODE, PROVIDED THAT SUCH A PROPOSAL
TO DEYIATE IS FIRST SUBl1ITTED FOR PROPER DETERHINATION
IN ORDER THAT HEA.LTH .A.ND SAFETY REqUIREHENTS, AS THEY
PERTAIN TO PLU11BING, SHA.LL BE OBSERED.
(1) ApPROVA.L.
PROVISIONS OF THIS CODE ARE NOT INTENDED '1'0
PREVENT THE USE OF A.NY 11A. TERIA.L, DEVICE, /fETHOD
OF ASSE/fEL~GE OR INSTALL.A.TION, FIXTURE, OR APPUR-
TENANCE NOT SPECIFrC~LLr J4UTHORIZED, PROYIDED
SUCH A L TERNA TE HAS BEEN A.PPR 0 VED BY THE INSPECTOR.
(2) EVIDENCE OF C011PLI.A.NCE.
THE INSPECTOR BH.A.LL REqUIRE SUFFICIENT
EVIDENCE TO EN.A.BLE HI11 TO JUDGE WHETHER PROPOSED
-2-
.
..--~
AL T/ERNA 'rES l1EET THE REqUIREl1ENTS 01' THIS
CODE FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH.
(G) LIA.BILITY
ANY OFFICER OR El1PLOYEE, OR /fEl1BER OF ANY BOARD,
CHARGED WITH THE ENFORCE/fENT OF THIS CODE, A.CTING FOR
THE COUNTY IN THE DISCHARGE OF HIS DUTIES, SHALL NOT
'l'HEREBY RENDER HIl1SELF LIABLE PERSONALLY AND HE IS
HEREBY RELIEVED FROl1 A.LL PERSONA.L LIA.BILITY FOR ANY
DA.l1,A,GE THAT l1AY OCCUR TO PERSONS OR PROPERTY AS A
RESULT OF A.NY A.CT REqUIRED OR PERHITTED IN THE DIS-
CHARGE OF HIS DUTIES. ANY SUIT BROUGHT AGAINST ..ANY
OFFICER. OR E/fPLOYEE BECAUSE OF SUCH AC'l' PEIlFOR/fED BY
HI11 IN THE ENFORCEl1ENT OF ..ANY PROVISION OF THIS CODE
SHALL BE DEFENDED BY THE COUNTY UNTIL THE FINA.L TER-
l1INA.TION OF THE PROCEEDINGS.
SECTION 19. ApPLICATION FOR PER11IT.
(A.) WHEN REqUIRED.
ANY PERSON WHO DESIRES TO CONNECT A.NY PLU11BING
WORK WITH ANY SEWERS~ SANITARY OR STORH~ SEPTIC TANKS
OR SEWAGE DISPOSAL OF ANY KIND, OR PRIVA.TE CONNECTION
OR INSTALL FIXTURES OR APPLIANCES IN NEW OR EXISTING
SYSTEl1S, S'l'RUCTURES OR PREl1ISES, OR REPAIR, OR ..ADD TO
A.NY EXISTING PLU11BING~ SHALL FIRS'l' HAKE A.PPLICATION TO
THE ZONING DEPARTHENT AND OBTA.IN THE REqUIRED PERHIT
THEREFOR. ORDINARY /fINOR REPA.IRS l1AY BE l1ADE WITH THE
APPROVAL OF THE INSPECTOR WITHOUT A PERHIT PROVIDED
TH..AT SUCH REPAIRS SHALL NOT VIOLATE ANY OF THE PROVISIONS
OF THIS CODE.
(B) FOR/f
ApPLICATION FOR ..A PERl1IT SHA.LL BE HA.DE IN PERSON.
THE A.PPLICANT SHA.LL FURNISH INFORl1ATION AS /fAY BE RE-
QUIRED TO COl1PLETE THE APPLICATION FOR/f FURNISHED BY 'l'HE
INSPECTOR.
(C) DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICA.TIONS.
WHENEVER, IN THE OPINION OF THE INSPECTOR, DRA.WINGS
AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE NEEDED TO SHOW DEFINITELY THE
NA TURE A.ND CHARA. CTER OF THE WORK FOR WHICH THE APPLICA-
TION IS l1,ADE THE A.PPLICA.NT SHA.LL FURNISH SUCH DRAWINGS
AND SPECIFICATIONS. THESE DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICA.TIONS
SHALL BE DRA.WN TO SCA.LE A.ND SUBl1ITTED IN DUPLICATE. IF
APPROVED~ ONE (1) SET SHA.LL BE RETURNED TO 'l'HE APPLICA.NT,
11ARKED APPROVED, AND ONE (1) SET BHALL BE RETAINED AND
FILED AS A. PER/fA.NENT RECORD IN THE ZONING OFFICE. THE
APPLICANT'S APPROYED SET SHA.LL REl1AIN AT ALL TI11ES ON
'l'HE JOB. SUCH INFOR/fA.TION OR DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS
J',,\
'II
SHALL BE SPECIFIC, J4ND THIS CODE SH.A.LL NOT BE CITED J4S A
" "
WHOLE OR IN PART, NOR SHALL THE TER/f LEGAL OR ITS
EQUIVALENT BE ISSUED .A.S A SUBSTITUTE FOR SPECIFIC IN-
FORl1,A, '1'1 ON .
(D) EXAl1INATION OF DRAWINGS.
THE INSPECTOR SHALL EX.A.NINE OR CAUSE '1'0 BE EXANIINED
EACH APPLIC.A.TION FOR A PER/fIT .A.ND THE DR.A.WINGS AND
SPECIFICATIONS WHICH /fAY BE FILED THEREWITH, AND SHALL
.A.SCERTAIN BY SUCH EX.A.NINATION WHETHER THE PLUl1BING IN-
STALLATION INDICA.TED AND DESCRIBED IS IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE REQUIRE/fENTS OF THIS CODE AND .A.LL OTHER PERTINENT
LA.WS OR ORD IN.A. NCES .
SECTION 20. PERNITS
(A) ACTION ON ApPLICATION.
1. IF THE INSPECTOR IS SATISFIED TH.A.T THE WORK
DESCRIBED IN AN .A.PPLICATION FOR PER/fIT AND THE DRA.WINGS
AND SPECIFICATIONS WHICH l1A.Y BE FILED THEREWITH CONFOR/f
TO THE REQUIREl1ENTS OF THIS CODE AND OTHER PERTINENT
LAWS A.ND ORDINANCES, HE SH.A.LL ISSUE A PERNIT THEREFOR
TO THE APPLICANT.
2. IF THE APPLICATION FOR PERl1IT AND THE DRAWINGS
AND SPECIFICATIONS WHICH NAY BE FILED THEREWITH DESCRIBE
WORK WHICH DOES NOT CONFOR/f TO THE REQUIREHENTS OF THIS
CODE OR OTHER PERTINENT L.A.WS OR ORDINAN.CES, THE INSPEC-
TOR SHALL NOT ISSUE A PERHIT, BUT SHJ4LL RETURN THE
DRAWINGS TO THE A.PPLICANT WITH HIS REFUSAL TO ISSUE SUCH
A PER/fIT. SUCH REFUSAL SHALL, WHEN REQUESTED, BE IN
WRITING AND SH.A.LL CONTJ4 IN THE REJ4S0NS THEREFOR.
(B) CONDITION OF THE PERHIT.
THE INSPECTOR SHALL .A.CT UPON AN APPLIC.A.TION FOR A
PER/fIT WITH PLANS A.S FILED, OR AS AHENDED, WITHOUT
UNREASONABLE OR UNNECESSA.RY DELA Y. A PER/fIT ISSUED
SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO BE A LICENSE TO PROCEED WITH THE
WORK AND SHALL NOT BE CONSTRUED AS AUTHORITY TO VIOLATE,
CANCEL, ALTER, OR SET ASIDE J4NY OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
CODE, NOR SHA.LL SUCH ISSU.A.NCE OF A PER/fIT PREYENT THE
INSPECTOR FROl1 THEREAFTER REQUIRING CORRECTION OF ERRORS
IN PLA.NS OR IN CONSTRUCTION, OR OF VIOLA. TIONS OF THIS
CODE. ANY PER/fIT ISSUED SH.A.LL BECOlfE INVALID UNLESS THE
WORK AUTHORIZED BY IT SHALL HA.VE BEEN COHlfENCED WITHIN
THIRTY DAYS AFTER ITS ISSUANCE, OR IF THE WORK AUTHORIZED
BY SUCH PER/fIT IS SUSPENDED OR ABANDONED FOR A PERIOD OF
NINETY DAYS AFTER THE TIlfE THE WORK IS COlflfENCED; PROVIDED,
TH.A.T FOR CAUSE, ONE OR 110RE EXTENSIONS OF TIHE FOR PERIODS
NOT EXCEEDING NINETY D.A.YS EACH, HAY BE ALLOWED IN WRITING
BY THE DIRECTOR.
(4)
.
SECT ION 21. FEES.
(A) GENERA L
No PER/fIT SHALL BE VALID UNTIL ~HE FEES PRESCRIBED
IN THE ZONING REGULATIONS SHALL HA.VE BEEN PA.ID; NOR SHALL
AN A/fENDlfENT TO A PERl1IT BE A.PPROVED UNTIL THE ADDITIONAL
FEES, IF ANY~ SHALL HA.VE BEEN PAID.
(B) FAILURE TO OB~AIN A. PERlfIT.
Ill' A.NY PERSON COH/fENCES ANY WORK ON A. PLU/fBING
INSTALLATION BEFORE OBTAINING THE NECESSA.RY PERlfIT
FRO/f THE OOUNTY, HE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO THE PENALTY
PRESCRIBED BY THE COUNTY ZONING REGULJ4TIONS.
SECTION 22. VIOLATIONS J4ND PENALTIES.
ANY PERSON, FIR/f OR CORPORATION OR AGENT WHO seALL
VIOLATE A PROVISION OF THIS CODE OR FAIL TO CONPLY
THEREWITH OR WITH ANY PART OF THE PROVISIONS THEREOF,
OR VIOLATE A DETAILED STA.TE/fENT OR PLANS SUBNITTED AND
A.PPROVED THEREUNDER, SHA.LL BE GUILTY OF A HISDEl1EANOR.
EACH SUCH PERSON SHALL BE DEEl1ED GUILTY OF .A. SEPA.RATE
OFFENSE FOR EACH .AND EVERY DAY OR PORTION THEREOF
DURING WHICH ANY VIOLATION OF A.NY 011' THE PROVISIONS OF
THIS CODE IS COlfl1I~TED OR CONTINUED, AND UPON CONVIC-
TION IN THE COUNTY OOURT OF lfONROE COUNTY FOR A.NY SUCH
VIOLATION SUCH PERSON SHA.LL BE PUNISHED AS THE LAW
SPECIFIES FOR A l1ISDENEANOR, AS RELATED IN ZONING L.A.w.
(5)
FLORInn.. STATE SANITARY CODE
CHAPTER V
I .J
~/,/
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL
Section 1. Septic Tank to be Provided. Where a public sewerage system is
not available, private sewer outfalls from residences, schools, apartments, and
other buildings intended for human occupancy or use must discharge into a septic
tank constructed in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter. The effluent
from such septic tanks must not be discharged into any of the streams or waters
of the State without further treatment, except in areas where the State Board of
Health has granted permission or, in specific cases, where approval has been ob-
tained from the Florida State :Board of Health.
Section 2. Disposal of Septic Tank Effluent. The effluent from septic ta~
except as otherwise provided for in Section 1, supra, shall be discharged into sub-
surface soil absorption beds, as hereinafter provided for in this Chapter, or shall
be treated with some type of sewage filter or other purification device the plane
for which have been approved by the Florida State Board of Health, and the effluent
approved by it for discharge into a stream or other water.
Section 3. Definitions for the purposes of this Chapter are as follows:
(a) "Septic tank": A water-tight receptacle for use in rural, farm or
sparsely developed urban areas with adequate size tracts providing for
installation and maintenance and so designed as to accomplish the partial
removal and digestion of the suspended solid matter in sewage, and con-
structed in accordance with the specifications hereinafter outlined.
(b) "House sewer": The pipe line conveying sewage from the house or build-
ing to the septic tank.
(c) "Septic tank absorption bed" or "drain field": An underground system
of pipe leading from the outlet tee of the septic tank, consisting of open-
jointed or perforated pipe, so distributed that the effluent from a septic
tank is oxidized, and absorbed by the soil.
(d) "Effective Capacity" of a septic tank: The actual liquid capacity of
a septic tank as contained below the liquid level line of said tank.
(e) "Effective depth" of a septic tank: The actual Equid depth of a
septic tank as measured from the inside bottom of the septic tank to the
liquid level line.
(f) "Freeboard" or "air space" of a septic tank: The distance as measured
from the liquid level line to the inside top of the septic tank.
(g) "Distribution box": A small concrete receptacle between the septic
tank and the drain field from which each line of drain tile extends and
which acts as a surge tank to distribute the flow of sewage equally to
each line of drain tile. Brick or concrete block construction may be used
where practical and permitted by local authority.
FLORIDA. STATE SANITARY CODE
CHAPI'ER V. Page 2
(h) "Approved Installatipn": A septic tank an~ drain field constructed and
installed in accordance with the technical requirements of Chapter V.
"Approved Installation" does not imply that the disposal system will perform
satisfactorily for any specified period of time.
Section 4. Septic Tank. Septic tanks for the treatment of sewage from resi-
dences, apartments, hotels, schools and other buildings as hereinbefore designated,
when used in the State of Florida, shall conform to the following minimum require-
ments:
(a) Septic tanks shall be generally rectangular in shape, or of a shape ap-
proved by the Florida State Board of Health. Where tanks having more than
one compartment are used, the first compartment shall have the capacity as
heretofore and hereinafter set forth in this Chapter.
(b) Septic tanks shall be built of concrete, e1 ther precast or poured in
place; the concrete used for the construction of septic tanks shall be de-
signed by mix and water cement ratio to have a unit compressive strength
of 3000 pounds per square inch after 28 days I curing. Brick or concrete
block .may be used where practical and permitted by local authority; said
septic tanks shall be plastered inside, be water-tight and free of leaks,
wi th walls not less than 8" thick. Tanka of any other type or mterial
must have the approval of the Florida State Board of Health, before be1ne
installed. Application may be made to the Florida State Board of Health
for infoI':ll'8tion on the / design of concrete mix and w.ter cement ratio to
produce concrete of the required unit compressive strength.
(c) Septic tanks constructed by precasting shall have a minimum vall thick-
ness of 2 inches, and shall be adequately reinforced to facilitate handling.
(d) Septic tanks constructed by pouring in place shall have a m1n1mum vall
and bottom thickness of 4 inches.
(e) All septic tank tops shall be of concrete. Precast tops shall have a
minimum thickness of 3 inches and shall be adequately reinforced usually con-
sisting of 3/8" reinforcing steel rods on 6 inch centers in each direction
to resist predicated loadings. One-piece tops poured in place shall have a
minimum thickness of 4 inches, reinforced as above mentioned, and be provided
with a 22-inch manhole located over the inlet and over the outlet.
(f) Tees extending 5 inches above and 18 inches below the liqUid level line
shall be installed at both the inlet and outlet of the septic tank.
(g) The invert of the inlet and outlet may be at the same elevation but in
no case shall the outlet be higher than the inlet.
(h) The length (inside measure) of a septic tank shall be at least twice,
but not more than three times, the width of the tank.
(i) The effective depth of a septic tank shall be not less than 4 feet for
tanks up to 1200 gallon effective capacity. Effective depths for greater
capacities shall be approved by the Florida State Board of Health.
FLORlDA---s'lTN.l'E SANrrARY (;vDE
CHAFTER V, Page 3
(j) Ventilation of tanks shall be only through vents in the building plumb-
ing.
(k) A minimum "freeboard" or "air sp:l.ce" of 8 inches shall be provided between
the liquid surface and the underside of the top of the tank on all tanks of
less than 1200 gallon capacity and a minimum of 12 inches on tanks of more than
1200 gallon capacity.
(1) Septic tanks shall be located as far from a spring or well as possible, )
and at a lower elevation. No part of a septic tank and the drain field there-
from shall-be located under ~~_~~~l~~n&J nor within 5 feet thereof, nor with-
in 50 feet of any water supply well or cistern.
Section 5. ca~city.
(a) The capacity of septic tanks shall be determined from estimated unit flow
contained in Table I, "Q,uantities of Se-wage Flow" of this Chapter based on an
adequate detention time interval resulting in efficient sedimentation. Daily
flows from metered results may be used as estimated flow when available.
However, the septic tank capacity shall be computed from the maximum daily flow,
(b) .The minimum effective capacity of any septic tank installed in the state
of Florida shall be 500 gallons to receive not more than 200 gallons of esti-
lI8ted sewage flow per 24 hour day. For sewage flows greater than 200 gallons
and up to 1000 gallons per day, the septic tank capacity shall equal the
estimated daily flow plus 300 gallons sludge storage volume. For sewage flows
exceeding 1000 gallons per day the septic tank capacity shall be determined
from Chart I, "Septic Tank Capacities" of this Chapter.
(c) For residences, hotels, motels, apartment houses and rooming houses, the
number of persons to be served shall be computed on the basis of the number
of bedrooms, with each bedroom computed on the basis of 2 persons, or on the
basis of the actual number of persons to be served by the tank, whichever
number may be greater.
Section 6. House Sewer. The house sever shall meet requirements of Chapter
VIII of the Florida. State Sanitary Code.
Section 7. Grease Interceptors.
(a) Grease interceptors may be omitted for single family residences, but
must be installed in the waste line leading from sinks, drains, and other
ki tchen fixtures to the septic tank in the follOWing establishments:
restaurants, hotel kitchens or bars, factory cafeterias or restaurants,
clubs or other establishments when large quantities of grease can be in-
troduced into the septic tank.
(b) The grease interceptor shall be so constructed to permit easy access
for cleanJng and maintenance.
(c) For establishments preparing and hancUing food as listed in (a) above,
the capacity of the grease interceptor shall be equivalent to the maximum
three hours flow occurring during the average operating day from the connected
fixtures and_ drains or, if the flow cannot be determined then the capacity
shall be computed from the estime. ted I16ximum number of meals expected to be
FLORIDA. STATE SANITARY CODE
CHAP!']:R V, Page 4
served during a three hour operating period at 2-1/2 gallons estimted flow
per meal from connected fixtures and drains, but in no case shall be lees
than 500 gallons. The invert of the inlet shall discharge a minimum of
2-1/2 inches above the liquid level line. A tee extending to within 8 inches
of the bottom of the grease interceptor shall be connected to the outlet end. .
Capacity for grease interceptors for other than establishments preparing and
handling food shall be obtained :from the Florida State Board of Health.
Section 8. Absorption Field.
(a) All drain tile shall be laid in washed and screened gravel, slag, rock
or similar ne. terial of such size as to be retained on a 1/4 I' screen. Broken
shell if retained on a 1/4" screen may be used where practical and permitted
by local authority. This pervious material shall extend from a minimum dis-
tance of 4" below the drain tile up to top of drain tile.
(b) The maximum depth from the bottom of the drain tile to the finished grade
of the ground shall not exceed 24 inches and the drain fields shall be laid
above the ground water table.
(c) The minimum width of the trench containing the drain tile shall be 12
inches. The maximum width shall be 18 inches unless prior approval is secured
from the Florida State Board of Health.
(d) Pipe used in the absorption field shall be not less than 4 inches inside
diameter and shall be vitrified clay or perforated bitumin1zed fibre. Vitri-
fied clay drain pipe shall be laid with open joints not to exceed 1/4".
Perforated bituminized pipe shall have a minimum perforated area of 1.5 square
inches pel' linear foot of pipe in the bottom half of the pipe. Perforated
bitumini2ea fibre pipe shall be laid with perforations on the bottom or with~
in the lower permissible area of the circumference. All open joints shall be
covered on top and down along the open sides with heavy asphalt-treaded build-
ing piper before careful backfilling of trench. Concrete drain tile pipe con-
forming to current specifications of the "American Society of Testing Materials"
or current specifications of "Commercial Standards" may be used if approved by
the local county health department having jurisdiction.
(e) All drain lines shall be graded from the outlet of the tank and distriba-
tion box with a dowmm.rd slope of 1/4" to 1/2" per 10 feet.
(f) Distance between laterals shall be no less than 3 feet with 8 feet or
more recommended.
(g) The maximum lateral length shall not exceed 75 feet and when more than
one lateral is ued all trenches shall be the same length as near as practical
with topographic condition.
(h) Sumps, dry wells, soakage pits or drain wells shall not be used for dis-
posal of septic tank effluent, grease and/or kitchen waste or laundry wastes.
(i) The area of absorption fie ld shall be determined from naximum daily
sewage flows as estimated and designated by the Florida State Board of Health
or its authorized representative.
FLORIDA STATE SANITARY CODE
CHAPTER V. Page' 5
(j)Distribution boxes shall be provided on all drain fields where two or
more lines of drain pipe are required unless prior approval is obtained from
the Florida State Board of Health. The distribution box shall be of suffi-
cient size to accommodate the required number of drain field lines. Each
drain field line shall be connected individually to the distribution box.
The invert of the inlet to the box shall be at least one inch above the in-
vert of the outlets. The invert of all outlets shall be level.
(k) Areas for absorption beds or drainfields shall consist of comparatively
uniform soils free of impervious clays, marl, hardpan or other impervious
materials to depths of 6 feet and shall be sufficiently pervious to give an
adequate percolation time under saturated conditions.
Section 9. Sludge ,disposal. Sludge from septic tanks shall be disposed of
by burial or by a method approved by the local health department and not by being
emptied into ditches or waters.
Section 10. Approval of Plans.
(a) For septic tanks of over 1200 gallons capacity, sludge drying beds,
filters, pumps, siphons, disposal plants for hospitals, large commercial
institutions. schools, and other installations not herein specified, plans
and specifications shall be submitted to the Florida State Board of Health
for approval prior to construction.
(b) When the total estimated flow from one establishment is in excess of
1200 gallons, all flow shall be centrally collected for~~~q~~t;_cLtreCltmJ!g,t
and plans and specifications shall be submitted to the Florida State Board
of Health for approval prior to construction.
Sect~on 11. Manufacture and Sale of Septic Tanks. No person, persons, cor-
poration, or firm shall manufacture or sell within the State of Florida any septic
tank or similar device that does not conform to the requirements for such devices
as hereinbefore set forth.
v
Section 12. Local Health Authorities. Nothing herein contained shall be con-
strued as preventing local health authorities, wherever such may be established.
from formulating or enforcing any other regulations governing the installation and
use of septic tanks or other sewage disposal device. provided such regulations
shall not be less strict than the minimum requirements for such septic tank or
sewage disposal device as outlined in this Chapter.
Section 13. Permit and Final Inspection.
(a) Construction Permit. No septic tank and/or drain field shall be con-
structed or installed until a permit for such construction or installation
has been obtained from either:
(1) The full-time local county health unit, organized and operated
under Chapter 154. Florida Statutes, 1941, and amendments thereto,
for the county in which such tank is to be located; or
FLORIDA S TATE SANITARY CODE
CHAPTER V. Page 6
(2) A full-time city health department, approved by the State Health
Officer for such purpose, of the city within the corporate limits of
which such tank is to be located; or
(3) The Florida State Board of Health for tanks to be located in counties
not served by a full-time county health unit.
(b) Non-Issuance of Pe~it. A pe~it shall not be issued for an installa-
tion in an area determined to have unsuitable soil characteristics, a high
water table during the wettest period of the year, inadequate drainage, or
other influencing factors adversely affecting the operation to the extent
that the system may not be expected to function satisfactorily as a temporary
sewage treatment method.
(c) Final Inspection. After the completion of construction or installation
of a septic tank and drainfield and before covering with earth and putting
into service, the installation shall be inspected b~the agency issuing the
construction pe~it for compliance with requirements of Chapter V. If in-
stallation meets requirements of Chapter V, then the "Final-Inspection" part
of Florida State Board of Health San-428 Form will be issued as an approved
installation.
The Sections of this Chapter were adopted
by the State Board of Health in executive
session on December 14, 1958; filed in the
office of the Secretary of State, December
29, 1958; thereby becoming effective Jan-
uary 13, 1959.
-'-
e
FLORIDA :)"!"A-!"g SANITARY LullE
CHAPTER V, Page 7
TABLE I
MINIMUM QUANTITIES OF SEWAGE FLOW
Type of Establishment
Small dwellings and cottages
Large dwellings with numerous fixtures*
Multiple family residences (apartments)
Rooming houses
Boarding houses
_Hotels and Motels
Restaurants (toilet and kitchen wastes per meal served)
Bars and cocktail lounges
Kitchen wastes--Restaurants, hotels, boarding houses, etc.,
(per meal served)
Tourists camps or trailer parks (with central faCilities)
Tourist camps or trailer parks (with individual faCilities)
Resort camps (night and day) with limited plumbing
Luxury camps
Work or construction camps (semi-permanent)
Day schools without cafeterias, gymnasiums or showers**
Day schools with cafeterias but no gyms or showers**
(Quantity to be estimated from number of meals served
or 80% of enrollment)
Day schools with cafeterias, gyms and showers**
(Quantity to be estimated from maximum number ex-
pected to use gyms and showers in one day)
Boarding schools
Day workers at schools and offices
Hospitals** (per bed)
Public institutions other than hospitals
Factories (gal. per person per shift, exclusive of
industrial wastes)
(Showers not provided)
(Showers provided)
Public picnic parks (toilet wastes only)
Picnic parks, with bathhouse, showers and flush toilets
Swtmming pools and bathing places**
Luxury residences and estates
Country clubs per resident member**
Country clubs per member present**
Drive-in theaters (per car space)
Movie theaters, auditoriums, churches (per seat)
Airports (per passenger)
Stores--without kitchen wastes (per toilet room)
Service stations (per vehicle served)
Bowling alleys (toilet wastes only per lane)
Stadiums, frontons, ball parks, etc. (per seat)
*When fixtures include garbage grinders, capacity of septic
tank as determined shall be increased by one-third.
**Subsurface drain fields not recommended for secondary treatment.
Gallons Per Day
Per Person
50
15
60
40
50
50
10
8
2\
35
50
50
15
50
8
12
20
15
15
150 - 250
15 - 125
15
35
5
10
10
100
100
25
5
3
5
400
10
100
3
- TIC TAN K CAPAaTY
IIJ 8 N ~
8
NO 0 0
. 8
III
III
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iJ g
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III
11
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0 0
11 C "U
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)
THE SANITARY CODE
OF THE
I
)
)
STATE OF FLORIDA
CHAPTER VIII
PLUMBING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3-Materials-QuaIity and Weight
I
PAGE
3
I
7
9
11
14
)
IS
17
20
20
23
27
32
36
38
40
Section 1- Definitions
2-General Regulations
4- Joints and Connections
5 - Traps and Cleanouts .
6-Interceptors-Separators and Backwater Valves
(
)
7 -Plumbing Fixtures .
"
8-Hangers and Supports
9-Indirect Waste Piping and Special Wastes
I
lO-Water Supply and Distribution
II-Drainage System
12-Vents and Venting
13-Storm Drains
14-Inspection, Tests and Maintenance
15- Trailer Coach Plumbing Standards
FLORIDA STATE SANITARY CODE
CHAPTER VIII
PLUMBING
Reference is made to Chapter 381 Florida Statutes, and amendments thereto.
Section 1. DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Chapter, the following terms
shall have the meaning indicated in this Section. No
attempt is made to define ordinary words which are
used in accordance with their established dictionary
meaning except where the word has been loosely used
and it is necessary to define its meaning as used in
this Chapter to avoid misunderstanding.
ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY-The Adminis-
trative Authority is the individual official board, de-
partment, or agency established and authorized by the
state, county, city, or other political subdivision created
by law to administer and enforce the provisions of this
plumbing code and amendments thereto.
AIR GAP-An air gap in a water-supply system is
the unobstructed vertical distance through the free
atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe
or faucet supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture,
or other device and the flood-level rim of the re-
ceptacle.
ANCHORS-See "Supports."
APPROVED-Approved means accepted or acceptable
under an applicable specification stated or cited in
this Chapter, or accepted as suitable for the proposed
use under procedures and powers of the Administrative
Authority.
AREA DRAIN-An area drain is a receptacle designed
to collect surface or rain water from an open area.
BACKFLOW - Backflow is the flow of water or other
liquids, mixtures, or substances into the distributing
pipes of a potable supply of water from any source or
sources other than its intended source. (See back-
siphonage. )
BACKFLOW CONNECTION - Backflow connection
or condition is any arrangement whereby backflow can
occur.
BACKFLOW PREVENTER-A blackflow preventer
is a device or means to prevent backflow into the po-
table water system.
BACK-SIPHONAGE-Back-siphonage is the flowing
back of used, contaminated, or polluted water from a
plumbing fixture or vessel into a water-supply pipe due
to a negative pressure in such pipe. (See backfIow.)
BATTERY OF FlXTURES-A "battery of fixtures" is
any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures
which discharge into a common horizontal waste or
soil branch.
BOILER BLOW-OFF-A boiler blow-off is an outlet
on a boiler to permit emptying or discharge of sedi-
ment.
BRANCH-A branch is any part of the piping system
other than a main, riser, or stack.
BRANCH, FIXTURE-See "Fixture Branch".
BRANCH, HORIZONTAL-See "Horizontal Branch".
BRANCH INTERV AL-A branch interval is a length
of soil or waste stack corresponding in general to a
story height, but in no case less than 8 feet within
which the horizontal branches from one floor or story
of a building are connected to the stack.
BRANCH VENT -A branch vent is a vent connecting
one or more individual vents with a vent stack or stack
vent.
BUILDING-A building is a structure built, erected,
and framed of component structural parts designed
for the housing, shelter, enclosure, or support of per-
sons, animals, or property of any kind.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION-Building classifica-
tion is the arrangement adopted by the Administrative
Authority for the designation of buildings in classes
based upon their use or occupancy.
BUILDING DRAIN-The building (house) drain is
that part of the lowest piping of a drainage system
which receives the discharge from soil, waste, and
other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building
and conveys it to the building (house) sewer begin-
ning 3 feet outside the building wall.
BUILDING SEWER-The building (house) sewer
is that part of the horizontal piping of a drainage sys-
tem which extends from the end of the building drain
and which receives the discharge of the building drain
and conveys it to a public sewer, private sewer, indi-
vidu,al sewage-disposal system, or other point of dis-
posal.
BUILDING STORM DRAIN-A building (house)
storm drain is a building drain used for conveying sur-
face water, ground water, subsurface water, conden-
sate, cooling water, or other similar discharge to a
building storm sewer or a' combined building, sewer,
extending to a point not less than 3 feet outside the
building wall.
BUILDING STORM SEWER-A building (house)
storm sewer is the extension from the building storm
drain to the public storm sewer, combined sewer, or
other point of disposal.
3
,~
BUILDING SllBDHAIN-A building (house) sub-
drain is that portion of a drainage system which can-
not drain by gravity into the building sewer.
BllILDING TRAP-A building (house) trap is a de-
vice, fitting, or assembly of fittings installed in the
building drain to prevent circulation of air between
the drainage system of the building and the building
sewer.
CHAPTER- The word "chapter" when used alone
shall mean these regulations, subsequent amendments
thereto, or any emergency rule or regulation which
the Florida State Board of Health may adopt.
CIRCUIT VENT -A circuit vent is a branch vent
that serves two or more traps and extends from in
front of the last fixture connection of a horizontal
branch to the vent stack.
COMBINATION FIXTURE-A combination fixture
is a fixture combining one sink and tray or a two-or-
three-compartment sink or tray in one unit.
COMBINED BUILDING SEWER-A combined
building sewer receives storm water and sewage.
COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM-
A combination waste and vent system is a specially
designed system of waste piping embodying the hori-
zontal wet venting of one or more sinks or floor drains
by means of a common waste and vent pipe adequately
sized to provide free movement of air above the flow
line of the drain.
COMMON VENT -A common vent is a vent con-
necting at the junction of two fixture drains and serv-
ing as a vent for both fixtures.
CONDUCTOR-See "Leader."
CONTINUOUS VENT -A continuous vent is a verti-
cal vent that is a continuation of the drain to which
it connects.
CONTINUOUS W ASTE-A continuous waste is a
drain from two or three fixtures connecting to a single
trap.
CROSS-CONNECTION-A cross-connection is any
physical connection or arrangement between two other-
wise separate piping systems, one of which contains
potable water and the other water of unknown or ques-
tionable safety, whereby water may flow from one sys-
tem to the other, the direction of flow depending on
the pressure differential between the two systems.
(See Backflow and Back-Siphonage).
DEAD END-A dead end is a branch leading from a
soil, waste, or vent pipe, building drain, or building
sewer, which is terminated at a developed distance of
2 feet or more by means of a plug or other closed
fitting.
DEVELOPED LENGTH-The developed length of
a pipe is its length along the center line of the pipe
and fittings.
DIAMETER- Unless specifically stated, the term "di-
ameter" is the nominal diameter as designated com-
mercially.
DOUBLE OFFSET -A double offset is two changes
of direction installed in succession or series in contin-
uous pipe.
DOWNSPOUT -See "Leader."
DRAIN-A drain is any pipe which carries waste
water or water-borne wastes in a building drainage
system.
DRAINAGE PIPING-See "Drainage System."
DRAINAGE SYSTEM-A drainage system (drainage
piping) includes all the piping within public or private
premises, which conveys sewage, rain water, or other
liquid wastes to a legal point of disposal, but does not
include the mains of a public sewer system or a private
or public sewage treatment or disposal plant.
DUAL VENT -See "Common Vent."
DURHAM SYSTEM-Durham system is a term used
to describe soil or waste systems where all piping is of
threaded pipe, tubing, or other such rigid construc-
tion, using recessed drainage fittings to correspond to
the types of piping.
EFFECTIVE OPENING-The effective opening is
the minimum cross-sectional area at the point of water
supply discharge, measured or expressed in terms of
( 1) diameter of a circle, (2) if the opening is not cir-
cular, the diameter of a circle of equivalent cross-sec-
tional area. (This is applicable to air gap).
EXISTING WORK-Existing work is a plumbing sys-
tem or any part thereof which has been installed and
approved prior to the effective date of this Chapter.
FIXTURE BRANCH-A Fixture branch is a pipe con-
necting several fixtures.
FIXTURE DRAIN-A fixture drain is the drain from
the trap of a fixture to the junction of that drain with
any other drain pipe.
FIXTURE SUPPLY -A fixture supply is a water-
supply pipe connecting the fixture with the fixture
branch.
FIXTURE UNIT -A fixture unit is a quantity in
terms of which the load-producing effects on the
plumbing system of different kinds of plumbing fix-
tures are expressed on some arbitrarily chosen scale.
FIXTURE-UNIT FLOW RATE-Fixture-unit flow
rate is the total discharge flow in gpm of a single fix-
ture divided by 7.5 which provides the flow rate of
that particular plumbing fixture as a unit of flow. Fix-
tures are rated as multiples of this unit of flow.
FLOOD LEVEL-See "Flooded."
FLOOD-LEVEL RIM-The flood-level rim is the top
edge of the receptacle from which water overflows.
FLOODED-A fixture is flooded when the liquid
therein rises to the flood-level rim or overflows (Into
the floor.
4
FLUSH VALVES-A flush valve is a device located
at the bottom of the tank for the purpose of flushing
water cJosets and similar fixtures.
FLUSHOMETER VALVE-A flushometer valve is a
device which discharges a predetermined quantity of
water to fixtures for flushing purposes and is actuated
by direct water pressure.
GRADE-Grade is the slope or fall of a line of pipe
in reference to a horizontal plane. In drainage it is
usually expressed as the fall in a fraction of an inch
per foot length of pipe.
GREASE INTERCEPTOR-See "Interceptor."
GREASE TRAP-See "Interceptor."
HANGARS-See "Supports."
HORIZONTAL BRANCH-A horizontal branch is a
drain pipe extending laterally from a soil or waste stack
or building drain, with or without vertical sections or
branches, which receives the discharge from one or
more fixture drains and conducts it to the soil or waste
stack or to the building (house) drain.
HORIZONTAL PIPE-Horizontal pipe means any
pipe or fitting which makes an angle of more than
450 with the vertical.
HOUSE DRAIN -See "Building Drain."
HOUSE SEWER-See "Building Sewer."
HOUSE TRAP-See "Building Trap."
INDIRECT WASTE PIPE-An indirect waste pipe
is a pipe that does not connect directly with the drain-
age system but conveys liquid wastes by discharging
into a plumbing fixture or receptacle which is directly
connected to the drainage system.
INDIVIDUAL VENT -An individual vent is a pipe
installed to vent a fixture trap and which connects
with the vent system above the fixture served or ter-
minates in the open air.
IND U STRIAL WASTES - Industrial wastes are liquid
wastes resulting from the processes employed in in-
dustrial establishments and are free of fecal matter.
INSANITARY -Cuntrary to sanitary principles-in-
jurious to health.
INTERCEPTOR-An interceptor is a device designed
and installed so as to separate and retain deleterious,
hazardous, or undesirable matter from normal wastes
and permit normal sewage or liquid wastes to discharge
into the disposal terminal by gravity.
LEADER-A leader (downspout) is the water con-
ductor from the roof to the building storm drain, com-
bined building sewer, or uther means uf disposal.
LIQUID WASTE-Liquid waste is the discharge from
any fixture, appliance, or appurtenance, in connection
with a plumbing system which does not receive fecal
matter.
LOAD FACTOH-Load factor is the percentage of the
total connected fixture unit flow rate which is likely
to occur at any point in the drainage system. It varies
with the type of occupancy, the tot<ll flow unit above
this point being considered <lnd with the probability
factor of simultaneous use.
LOCAL VENTILATING PIPE-A local ventil<lting
pipe is a pipe on the fixture side of the trap through
which vapor or foul air is removed from a room or fix-
ture.
LOOP VENT -A loop vent is the same as a circuit
vent except that it loops back and connects with a stack
vent instead of a vent stack.
MAIN - The main of any system of continuous piping
is the principal artery of the system to which branches
may be connected.
MAIN SEWER-See "Public Sewer."
MAIN VENT-The main vent is the principal artery
of the venting system, to which vent branches may be
connected.
MAY - The word "may" is a permissive term.
NUlSANCE- The word "nuisance" embraces public
nuisance as known at common law or in equity juris-
prudence; and whatever is dangerous to human life or
detrimental to health; whatever building, structure, or
premises is not sufficiently ventilated, sewered, drain-
ed, cleaned, or lighted, in reference to its intended or
actual use; and whatever renders the air or human
food or drink or water supply unwholesome, are also
severally, in contemplation of this Chapter, nuisances.
OFFSET -An offset in a line of piping is a combina-
tion of elbows or bends which brings one section of the
pipe out of line but into a line parallel with the other
section.
PERSON-Person is a" natural person, his heirs, exec-
utors, administrators or assigns; and includes a firm,
partnership or corporation, its or their successors or
assigns. Singular incJudes plural; male includes fe-
male.
PITCH-See "Grade."
PLUMBING-Plumbing is the practice, materials,
and fixtures used in the installation, maintenance, ex-
tension, and alteration of all piping, fixtures, appli-
ances, and appurtenances in connection with any of
the following: Sanitary drainage or storm drainage
facilities, the venting system and the public or private
water supply systems, within or adjacent to any build-
ing, structure, or conveyance; also the practice and
materials used in the installation, maintenance, exten-
sion, or alteration of the storm-water, liquid-waste, or
sewerage, and water-supply systems of any premises to
their connection with any point of public disposal or
other acceptable terminal.
PLUMBING FIXTURES-Plumbing fixtures are in-
stalled receptacles, devices, or appliances which are
supplied with water or which receive or discharge liq-
uids or other liquid-borne wastes, with or without
discharge into the drainage system with which the\'
may be directly or indirectly connected.
5
PLUl\IBING INSPECTOR-See "Administrative Au-
thority."
PLUMBING SYSTEM-The plumbing system in-
cludes the water-supply and distribution pipes; plumb-
ing fixtures and traps; soil, waste, and vent pipes;
building drains and building sewers including their re-
spective connections, devices, and appurtenances with-
in the property lines of the premises, and water-treating
or water-using equipment.
POOL-A pool is a water receptacle used for swim-
ming or as a plunge or other bath, designed to accom-
modate more than one bather at a time.
POTABLE WATER-Potable water is water which
is satisfactory for drinking, culinary and domestic pur-
poses, and meets the requirements of the Florida State
Board of Health.
PRIVATE OR PRIVATE USE-In the classification
of plumbing fixtures, private applies to fixtures in res-
idences and apartments and to fixtures in private
bathrooms of hotels and similar installations where
the fixtures are intended for the use of a family or an
individual.
PRIVATE SEWER-A private sewer is a sewer pri-
vately owned and not directly controlled by public au-
thority.
PUBLIC OR PUBLIC USE-In the classification of
plumbing fixtures, public applies to fixtures in general
toilet rooms of schools, gymnasiums, hotels, railroad
stations, public buildings, bars, public comfort sta-
tions, and other installations (whether payor free)
where a number of fixtures are installed so that their
use is similarly unrestricted.
PUBLIC OFFICIAL-See "Administrative Authority."
PUBLIC SEWER-A public sewer is a common sewer
directly controlled by public authority.
RELIEF VENT -A relief vent is a vent the primary
function of which, is to provide circulation of air be-
tween drainage and vent systems.
RETURN OFFSET -A return offset is a double off-
set installed so as to return the pipe to its original align-
ment.
REVENT PIPE-A revent pipe (sometimes called an
individual vent) is that part of a vent pipe line which
connects directly with an individual waste or group of
wastes, underneath or back of the fixture, and extends
either to the main or branch vent pipe.
RIM-A rim is an unobstructed open edge of a fixture.
RISER-A riser is a water-supply pipe which extends
vertically one full story or more to convey water to
branches or fixtures.
ROOF DRAIN-A roof drain is a drain installed to
receive water collecting on the surface of a roof and
to discharge it into the leader (downspout).
---.
ROUGHING-IN-Roughing-in is the installation of
all parts of the plumbing system which can be com-
pleted prior to the installation of fixtures. This in-
cludes drainage, water-supply, and vent piping, and
the necessary fixture supports.
SAND INTERCEPTOR-See "Interceptor."
SANITARY SEWER-A sanitary sewer is a pipe
which carries sewage and excludes storm, surface, and
ground water.
SECOND HAND-Second hand as applied to material
or plumbing equipment is that which has been install-
ed, and has been used, removed, and passed to another
ownership or possession.
SEPARATOR-See "Interceptor."
SEPTIC TANK-A septic tank is a watertight recep-
tacle which receives the discharge of a drainage sys-
tem or part thereof, and is designed and constructed
so as to separate solids from the liquid, digest organic
matter through a period of detention, and allow the liq-
uids to discharge into the soil outside of the tank
through a system of open-joint or perforated piping,
all built and installed according to Chapter V of the
Florida State Sanitary Code.
SEWAGE-Sewage is any liquid waste containing ani-
mal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution, and
may include liquids containing chemicals in solution.
SHALL- The word "shall" is a mandatory term.
SIDE VENT -A side vent is a vent connecting to the
drain pipe through a fitting at an angle not greater than
4 5 0 to the vertical.
SIZE OF PIPE AND TUBING-See "Diameter."
SLOPE-See "Grade."
SOIL PIPE-A soil pipe is any pipe which conveys
the discharge of water closets or fixtures having similar
functions, with or without the discharge from other
fixtures, to the building drain or building sewer.
SOIL VENT -See "Stack Vent."
SPECIAL WASTE PIPE-See Section 9 of this
Chapter.
STACK - A stack is the vertical main of a system of
soil, waste, or vent piping.
STACK GROUP-Stack group is a term applied to the
location of fixtures in relation to the stack so that by
means of proper fittings, vents may be reduced to a
minimum.
STACK VENT -A stack vent (sometimes called a
waste vent or soil vent) is the extension of a soil or
waste stack above the highest horizontal drain con-
nected to the stack.
STACK VENTING-Stack venting is a method of
venting a fixture or fixtures through the soil or waste
stack.
STORM DRAIN -See "Building Storm Drain."
6
SUBSOIL DRAIN-A subsoil drain is a drain which
receives only subsurface or seepage water and conveys
it to a place of disposal.
SUMP-A sump is a tank or pit which receives sewage
or liquid waste, located below the normal grade of the
gravity system and which must be emptied by mechan-
ical means.
SUPPORTS-Supports, hangers, and anchors are de-
vices for supporting and securing pipe and fixtures to
walls, ceilings, floors, or structural members.
TRAP-A trap is a fitting or device so designed and
constructed as to provide, when properly vented, a liq-
uid seal which will prevent the back passage of air
without materially affecting the flow of sewage or
waste water through it.
TRAP SEAL-The trap seal is the maximum vertical
depth of liquid that a trap will retain, measured be-
tween the crown weir and the top of the dip of the trap.
VACUUM BREAKER-See "Backflow Preventer."
VENT PIPE-See "Vent System."
VENT STACK-A vent stack is a vertical vrnt pipe
installed primarily for the purpose of providing circula-
tion of air to and from any part of the drainage system.
VENT SYSTEM-A vent system is a pipe or pipes in-
stalled to provide a flow of air to or from a drainage
system or to provide a circulation of air within such
system to protect trap seals from siphonage and back
pressure.
VENT WASTE-See "Stack Vent."
VERTICAL PIPE-A vertical pipe is any pipe or fit-
ting which is installed in a vertical position or which
makes an angle of not more than 450 with the vertical.
WASTE-See "Liquid Waste" and "I n d u s t ria I
\V astes."
WASTE PIPE-A waste pipe is a pipe which conveys
only liquid waste, free of fecal matter.
WATER-DISTRIBUTING PIPE-A water-distribut-
ing pipe in a building or premises is a pipe which con-
veys water from the water-service pipe to the plumbing
fixtures and other water outlets.
WATER MAIN-The water (street) main is a water-
supply pipe for public or community use.
WATER OUTLET -A water outlet, as used in con-
nection with the water-distributing system, is the dis-
charge opening for the water (I) to a fixture; (2) to
atmospheric pressure (except into an open tank which
is part of the water-supply system); (3) to a boiler or
heating system; (4) to any water-operated device or
equipment requiring water to operate, but not a part
of the plumbing system.
WATER RISER PIPE-See "Riser".
WATER-SERVICE PIPE-The water-service pipe is
the pipe from the water main or other source of water
supply to the building served.
_/
WATER-SUPPLY SYSTEM-The water-supply sys-
tem of a building or premises consists of the water-
service pipe, the water-distributing pipes, and the nec-
essary connecting pipes, fittings, control valves, and
all appurtenances in or adjacent to the building or
premises.
WET VENT -A wet vent is a vent which receives
the discharge from wastes other than water closets.
YOKE VENT -A yoke vent is a pipe connecting up-
ward from a soil or waste stack to a vent stack for the
purpose of preventing pressure changes in the stacks.
Section 2. GENERAL REGULA liONS.
(a) CONFORMANCE WITH CODE. All plumbing
systems hereafter installed shall conform at least with
the provisions of this Chapter.
(b) GRADE OF HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE PIP-
ING. Horizontal drainage piping shall be run in prac-
tical alignment at a uniform grade. (See Section 12
for specific slopes.)
(c) CHANGE IN DIRECTION.
( I) Fittings. Changes in direction in drainage
piping shall be made by the appropriate use of
45-degree wyes, long-or-short-sweep quarter
bends, sixth, eighth, or sixteenth bends, or by a
combination of these or equivalent fittings. Sin-
gle and double sanitary tees and quarter bends
may be used in drainage lines only where the
direction of flow is from the horizontal to the
vertical.
(2) Heel or Side-Inlet Bend. A heel or side-in-
let quarter bend shall not be used as a vent when
the inlet is placed in a horizontal position.
(3) Obstruction to Flow. No-fitting, connec-
tion, device, or method of installation which ob-
structs or retards the flow of water, wastes, sew-
age or air in the drainage or venting systems in
an amount greater than the normal frictional re-
sistance to flow, shall be used unless it is indi-
cated as acceptable in this Chapter or is approved
by the Administrative Authority as having a
desirable and acceptable function and as of
ultimate benefit to the proper and continuing
functioning of the plumbing system. The enlarge-
ment of a 3-inch closet bend or stub to 4 inches
shall not be considered an obstruction. None of
the methods described in Sub-Section Zl' para-
graphs I, 2 and 3, shall be considered as restric-
tion to flow.
(d) REPAIR AND ALTERATIONS.
( I) Existing Buildings. In existing buildings or
premises in which plumbing installations are to
be altered, repaired, or renovated, necessary de-
viations from the provision of this Chapter may
be permitted, provided such deviations conform
to the intent of the Chapter and are approved in
writing by the Administrative Authority.
7
/"..--.
(2) Health or Safety. Wherever compliance
with all the provisions of this Chapter fails to
eliminate or alleviate a nuisance which may in-
volve health or safety hazards, the owner or his
agent shall be ordered by the Administrative Au-
thority to install such additional plumbing or
drainage equipment as may be necessary to abate
such nuisance.
(e) SEWER AND WATER PIPES.
\Vater service pipes, or any underground water
pipes, shall not be run or laid in the same trench
as the building sewer or drainage piping, except
as provided for in Sections 10 and 11.
(f) TRENCHING, EXCAVATION, AND
BACKFILL.
( 1) Support of Piping. All piping shall be sup-
ported throughout its entire length.
(2) Tunneling and Driving. Tunneling may
be done in yards, courts, or driveways of any
building site. When pipes are driven, the drive
pipe shall be at least one size larger than the
pipe to be laid.
(3) Open Trenches. All excavations required to
be made for the installation of a building-drain-
age system, or any part thereof within the walls
of a building, shall be open trench work and shall
be kept open until the piping has been inspected,
tested, and accepted.
( 4) Mechanical Excavation. Mechanical means
of excavating may be used under conditions ap-
proved by the Administrative Authority.
(5) Backfilling. Adequate precaution shall be
taken to insure proper compactness of backfill
around piping without damage to such piping.
( 6) Material Backfill. Trenches shall be back-
filled to 12" above the top of the piping with
clean earth which shall not contain stones,
boulders, cinder-fill, or other materials which
would damage or break the piping or cause cor-
rosive action. Mechanical devices such as bull-
dozers, graders, etc., may then be used to com-
plete backfill to grade. Fill shall be properly
compacted.
(g) STRUCTURAL SAFETY.
In the process of installing or repairing any part
of a plumbing and drainage installation, the fin-
ished floors, walls, ceilings, tile work, or any
other part of the building or premises which
must be changed or replaced shall be left in a
safe structural condition in accordance with the
requirements of the local Building Code in effect.
(h) WORKMANSHIP.
\Vorkmanship shall conform to accepted good
practice.
(j) PROTECTION OF PIPES.
(1) Breakage and Corrosion. Pipes passing un-
der or through walls shall be protected from
breakage. Pipes passing through or under cinder
or concrete or other corrosive material shall be
protected against external corrosion by protective
coating, wrapping, or other means which will
prevent such corrosion.
(2) Cutting or Notching. No structural mem-
ber shall be weakened or impaired by cutting,
notching, or otherwise, except with the approval
of the Administrative Authority with regard to
local Building Code requirements.
(3) Pipes Through Footings or Foundation
Walls. A soil or waste pipe, or building drain
passing under a footing or through a foundation
wall shall be provided with a relieving arch; or
there shall be built into the masonry wall an iron
pipe sleeve two pipe sizes greater than the pipe
passing through or as may be approved in writ-
ing by the Administrative Authority with regard
to local Building Code requirements.
(4) Freezing. No water, soil, or waste pipe shall
be installed or permitted outside of a building
or in an exterior wall unless adequate provision
is made to protect such pipe from freezing where
necessary.
(D DAMAGE TO DRAINAGE SYSTEM OR PUB-
LIC SEWER. It shall be unlawful for any per-
son to deposit by any means into the building
drainage system or into a public or private sewer
any ashes; cinders; rags; inflammable, poisonous,
or explosive liquids; gases; oils; grease; or any
other material which would or could obstruct,
damage or overload such system or sewer.
ek) INDUSTRIAL WASTES. Wastes detrimental to
the public sewer system or detrimental to the
functioning of the sewage-treatment plant shall
be treated and disposed of in accordance with
Chapters III and IV of the Florida State Sanitary
Code.
e I) SLEEVES. Annular space between sleeves and
pipes shall be filled or tightly calked with coal tar
or asphaltum compound, lead, or other material
as may be approved by the Administrative Au-
thority.
(m) RATPROOFING.
(1) Exterior Openings. All exterior openings
provided for the passage of piping shall be prop-
erly sealed with snugly fitting collars of metal
or other approved ratproof material securely
fastened into place.
(2) Interior Openings. Interior 0 pen i n g s
through walls, floors, and ceilings shall be rat-
proofed as approved by the Administrative Au-
thority.
8
(n) USED OR SECOND-HAND EQUIPMENT. It
shall be unlawful to purchase, sell, or install used
equipment or material for plumbing installation
unless it complies with the minimum standards
set forth in this Chapter.
(0) CONDEMNED EQUIPMENT. Any plumbing
equipment condemned by the Administrative Au-
thority because of wear, damage, defects, or sani-
tary hazards, shall not be re-used for plumbing
purposes.
(p) PIPING IN RELATION TO FOOTINGS.
( 1) Parallel. No piping shall be laid parallel to
footings or outside bearing walls closer than 3
feet, except as may be approved by the Adminis-
trative Authority.
(2) Depth. Piping installed deeper than footings
or bearing walls shall be 450 therefrom except as
may be approved by the Administrative Authority.
(q) DRAINAGE BELOW SEWER LEVEL. Drain-
age piping located below the level of the sewer
shall be installed as provided for in Sections 10
and 11.
(r) CONNECTIONS TO PLUMBING SYSTEM
REQUIRED. All plumbing fixtures, drains, ap-
purtenances, and appliances used to receive or
discharge liquid wastes or sewage shall be con-
nected properly to the drainage system of the
building or premises, in accordance with the re-
quirements of this Chapter.
(s) SEWER REQUIRED. Every building in which
plumbing fixtures are installed shall have a con-
nection to a public or private sewer except as
provided in Sub-Section (v).
(n INDIVIDUAL OR PRIVATE SEWAGE-DIS-
POSAL SYSTEM. When a public sewer is not
available for use, sewage and drainage piping
shall be connected to an individual sewage-dis-
posal system meeting the requirements of Chapter
V of the Florida State Sanitary Code.
(u) LOCATION OF FIXTURES.
( 1) Light and Ventilation. Plumbing fixtures,
except drinking fountains and single lavatories,
shall be located in compartments or rooms pro-
vided with ventilation and illumination conform-
ing to standards of good practice.
(2) Improper Location. Piping, fixtures, or
equipment shall not be located in such a manner
as to interfere with the normal operation of win-
dows, doors, or other existing openings.
(v) PIPING MEASUREMENTS. Except where
otherwise specified in this Chapter all measure-
ments between pipes or between pipes and walls,
etc., shall be made to the center lines of the pipes.
(w) VENTING. The drainage system shall be pro-
vided with a system of vent piping which will
permit the admission or emission of air so that
-,,"''----
under no circumstance of normal or intended use
shall the seal of any fixture trap be subjected to
a pressure differential of more than 1 inch of
water.
(x) VENTILATION DUCTS. Ventilation ducts
from washrooms and toilet rooms shall exhaust
to the outer air or form an independent system.
(y ) VENTILATION SYSTEM. Ventilation shall
conform to generally accepted good practice.
(z) WATER CLOSET CONNECTIONS.
( 1) Lead. Three-inch lead bends and stubs may
be used on water closets or similar connections,
provided the inlet is dressed or swedged to re-
ceive a 4-inch floor flange.
(2) Iron. Three-inch bends may be used on
water doset or similar connections, provided a
4" x 3" floor flange is used to receive the fixture
horn.
(3) Reducing. Four-by-three-inch red u c i n g
bends are acceptable.
(Zl) DEAD ENDS. In the installation or removal of
any part of a drainage system, dead ends shall be
avoided except where necessary to extend a clean-
out so as to be accessible.
(zz) TOILET FACILITIES FOR WORKMEN.
Suitable approved toilet facilities shall be provid-
ed and maintained in a sanitary condition for the
use of workmen during construction. (See Sec-
tion 7 for Minimum Facilities.)
Section 3. MATERIALS-QUALITY AND WEIGHT.
(a) MATERIALS.
(1) Minimum Standards. The materials listed
in this section shall conform at least to the stand-
ards cited when used in the construction, install-
ation, alteration, or repair of any part of a plumb-
ing and drainage system constructed, except that
the Administrative Authority may allow the ex-
tension, addition, or relocation of existing soil,
waste, or vent pipes with materials of like grade
or quality, if such materials were installed and in
use prior to the passage of this Chapter.
(2) Use of Materials. Each material listed in
Table 3.5 shall conform at least to one of the
standards indicated opposite it. Its use shall be
further governed by the requirement imposed in
other Sections of this Chapter. Materials not in-
cluded in the Table shall be used only as pro-
vided for in Sub-Section (a) (1). Materials
shall be free of manufacturing defects or dam-
ages incurred in shipping, handling, or installa-
tion.
(3) Specifications for Materials. Standard speci-
fications for materials for plumbing installations
are indicated in Table 3.5. Products conform-
ing at least to any of the specifications listed for
a given material shall be considered acceptable.
9
<~
Note 1. Abbreviations used in Table 3.5 refer
to standards or specifications as identi-
fied below.
ASA American Standards approved by the
American Standards Association, 70
East 45th Street, New York 17, New
York.
ASTM Standards and Tentative Standards
published by the American Society for
Testing Materials, 1916 Race Street,
Philadelphia 3, Pennsylvania.
FS Federal Specifications published by the
Federal Specifications Board and ob-
tained from the Superintendent of Doc-
uments, Government Printing Office,
Washington 25, D. C.
A WW A Standards arid Tentative Standards pub-
lished by the American Water Works
Association, 521 Fifth Avenue, New
York 17, N. Y.
CS Commercial Standards representing re-
corded voluntary recommendations of
the trade, issued by the United States
Department of Commerce and obtain-
able from the Superintendent of Docu-
ments, Government Printing Office,
Washington 25, D. C.
1\ISS Standards published by the Manufac-
turers Standardization Society of the
Valve and Fittings Industry, 420 Lex-
ington Avenue, New York 17, New
York.
SPR Simplified Practice Recommendations
representing recorded recommendatiom
of the trade and issued bv the U. S.
Department of Commerce, \Vashington,
25, D. C.
( 4) Identification of Materials. Each length of
pipe, and each pipe fitting, trap, fixture, and de-
vice used in a plumbing system shall have cast,
stamped, or indelibly marked on it the maker's
mark or name, the weight, type, and classes of
the product, when such marking is required by
the approved standard that applies.
(b) SPECIAL MATERIALS.
(I) Lead. See Table 3.5. Sheet lead shall be
not less than the following:
For safe pans-not less than 4 pounds per square
foot.
For flashings of vent terminals-not less than 3
pounds per square foot.
Lead bends and lead traps shall not be less than
% inch wall thickness.
(2) Copper. Sheet copper shall be not less than
the following:
Safe pans-12 ounces per square foot.
Vent terminal flashings-8 ounces per square
foot.
( 3) Calking Ferrules shall be manufactured
from red brass and shall be in accordance with
the following table:
TABLE VIII
Pipe Sizes Inside Diameter Length Minimum Weight
Inches Inches Inches Each
2
3
4
2_1/4
3-1/4
4-1/4
4-1/2
4-1;2
4-1/2
1 lb.
I lb.
2 lb.
o oz.
12 oz.
S oz.
( 4) Soldering Bushings shall be of red brass in
accordance with the following table:
Pipe Sizes Minimum Weight
Inches Each
I-1f4 6 oz.
1-1/2 8 oz.
2 14 01.
2-1/2 1 lb. 6 oz.
3 2 lb. 0 oz.
4 3 lb. H oz.
(5) Floor Flanges. Floor flanges for water
closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than
1/2 inch thick for brass-1/4" thick and not less
than 2-inch calking depth for cast iron or gal-
vanized malleable iron. If of hard lead, they
shall weigh not less than 1 lb. 9 oz. and be
composed of lead alloy with not less than 7.75 %
antimony by weight.
Flanges shall be soldered to lead bends, or shall
be calked or screwed to other metal.
Closet screws and bolts shall be brass.
(6) Cleanouts.
a. Cleanout plugs shall be of brass and
shall conform to the Federal Specification
for this material.
b. Plugs may have raised square heads or
counter sunk.
c. Counter-sunk heads should be used
where raised heads may cause a hazard.
(c) ALTERNATE MATERIALS AND METHODS.
( 1) Existing Premises. In existing buildings or
premises in which plumbing installations are to
be altered, repaired, or renovated, the Adminis-
trative Authoritv has discretionarv powers to per-
mit deviation fr~m the provisions 'of this Chapter,
provided that such a proposal to deviate is first
submitted for proper determination in order that
health and safety requirements, as they pertain
to plumbing, shall be observed.
10
(2) Approval. Provisions of this Chapter are
not intended to prevent the use of any material,
device, method of assemblage or installation, fix-
ture, or appurtenance not specifiGally authorized.
provided such alternate has been approved by
the Administrative Authority.
(3) Evidence of Compliance. The Administra-
tive Authority shall require sufficient evidence
to enable him to judge whether proposed alter-
nates meet the requirements of this Chapter for
safety and health.
(4) Tests. When there is insufficient evidence
to substantiate claims for alternates, the Admin-
istrative Authority may require tests of compli-
ance as proof to be made by an approved agency
at the expense of the applicant.
(5) Test Prucedure. Tests shall be made in
accordance with generally recognized standards;
but in the absence of such standards, the Ad-
ministrative Authority shall specify the test pro-
cedure.
(6) Repeated Tests. The Administrative Au-
thority may require tests to be repeated if, at
any time, there is reason to believe that an alter-
nate no longer conforms to the requirements on
which its approval was based.
(d) APPROVED MATERIALS.
( I) Periodic Review. All standards and speci.,
fications for plumbing fixtures and materials are
subject to change. They are reviewed and revised
periodically by the responsible administrative
authorities and automatically become a part of
this code upon their adoption.
(2) Specific Usage. Each section of this Chap-
ter indicates specifically the type of material per-
mitted for the various parts of the plumbing sys-
tem. The specifications pertaining to each of
those materials are indicated in Table 3.5.
See next page for table.
Section 4. JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS.
(a) TIGHTNESS. Joints and connections in the
plumbing system shall be gastight and water-
tight for the pressures required by test, with
the exceptions of those portions of perforated or
open-joint piping which are installed for the
purpose of collecting and conveying ground or
seepage water to the underground storm drains.
(b) TYPES OF JOINTS.
(I) Calked Joints. Calked joints for cast-iron
bell-and-spigot soil pipe shall be firmly packed
with oakum or hemp and filled with molten lead
not less than I inch deep and not to extend
II
more than liB inch below rim of hub. No paint,
varnish, or other coatings shall be permitted on
the jointing material until after the joint has
been tested and approved.
(2) Threaded joints-Screwed Joints. Threaded
joints shall conform to current standards of the
American National Taper Pipe thread. All burrs
shall be removed. Pipe ends shall be reamed or
filled out to size of bore, and all chips shall be
removed. Pipe-joint cement and paint shall be
used only on male threads.
(3) Wiped Joints. joints in lead pipe or fittings,
or between lead pipe or fittings and brass or
copper pipe, ferrules, solder nipples, or traps,
shall be full-wiped joints. Wiped joints shall
have an exposed surface on each side of a joint
not less than % inch and at least as thick as
the material being jointed. \V all or floor flange
lead-wiped joints shall be made by using a lead
ring or flange placed behind the joint at wall
or floor. Joints between lead pipe and cast iron,
steel, or wrought iron shall be made by means of
a calking ferrule, soldering nipple, or bushing.
(4) Soldered, or Sweat joints. Soldered or
sweat joints for tubing shall be made with ap-
proved fittings. Surfaces to be soldered or
sweated shall be cleaned bright. The joints shall
be properly fluxed and made with approved
solder.
Joints in copper water tubing shall be made by
the appropriate use of approved .brass water fit-
tings, properly sweated or soldered together.
(5) Flared joints. Flared joints for soft-copper
water tubing shall be made with fittings meeting
approved standards. The tubing shall be ex-
panded with a proper flaring tool.
(6) Hot-Poured Joints. Hot-poured compound
for clay sewer pipe shall not be water absorbent
and when poured against a dry surface shall have
a bond of not less than 100 pounds per square
inch. All surfaces of the joints shall be cleaned
and dried before pouring. If wet surfaces are
unavoidable, a suitable primer shall be applied.
Compound shall not soften sufficiently to destroy
the effectiveness of the joint when subjected to
a temperature of 1600 F. nor be soluble in any
of the waste carried by the drainage system.
Approximately 25% of the joint space at the
base of the socket shall be filled with jute or
hemp. A pouring collar, rope, or other device
shall be used to hold the hot compound during
pouring. Each joint shall be poured in one opera-
(Continued on Page 13)
TABLE 3.5 Materials for Plumbing Installations
(See Sub-sections (a) (3) and (d) (2)
l\laterials ASA ASTM FS CS SPR MSS Other Standards
Remarks
NON-MET ALLIC PIPING
Standard Strength
Clay Sewer Pipe X X Extra Strength
Bituminized Fiber
Sewer Pipe & Fittings X
FEHROUS PIPE & FITTINGS Extra heavy and
Cast-Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings X X X Standard Weights
Cast-Iron \Vater Pipe X X X AWWA
Cast-Iron (Threaded) Pipe X X
Cast-Iron (Screwed) Fittings X X
Cast-Iron Drainage Fittings X X
Wrought-Iron Pipe X X
Steel Pipe X X Type I and II
Open-Hearth Iron Pipe X X Type III only
Malleable-Iron Fittings X X X
NON-FERROUS PIPE AND
FITTINGS
Brass Tubing X X
Brass Pipe X X
Coppel: Pipe X X X
Bronze Screwed Fittings X X
Seamless Copper Tubing X X
Copper Water Tube (KLM) X X X X
Soldered Joint Fittings (for For copper water tube
copper water tube) X
Cast-Brass Soldered Joint Fitting~ X
Flared Fittings for Copper
(water) Tubes X
Lead Pipe & Traps X X
MISCELLANEOUS
Calking Lead X X
Sheet Lead X Grade A
Sheet Brass X X
Sheet Copper X X
Galvanized Iron & Steel Sheets X X X
Galvanized Pipe & Fittings X X Section D 6
Cement Lining X X Section D 7
Coal-Tar Enamel (protective
coating) AWWA
Soft Solder X X
Fixture Setting Compound X
Air Gap Standards X
Backflow Preventers X
Grease Interceptors P.D.!. (1)
Valves
Bronze Gate X
Cast-Iron Gate X
( 1 ) Plumbing and Drainage Institute Standard
12
(Continued From Page 11)
tion until the joint is filled. Joints shall not be
tested until one hour after pouring.
(7) Precast JOints. Precast collars shall be
formed in both the spigot and bell of the pipe
in advance of use. Collar surfaces shall be conical
with side slopes of 30 with the axis of the pipe
and the length shall be equal to the depth of the
socket. Prior to making joint contact, surfaces
shall be cleaned and coated with solvents and ad-
hesives as recommended in the standard. When
the spigot end is inserted in the collar, it shall
bind before contacting the base of the socket.
1\1aterial shall be inert and resistant to both acids
and alkalies.
(8) Brazed Joints. Brazed joints shall be made
in accordance with the provisions of Section 6
of the Code for Pressure Piping and indicated
standards.
(9) Cement Mortar Joints. Cement joints shall
be used only when specifically permitted in other
Sections of this Chapter or when approved by
the Administrative Authority. A layer of jute or
hemp shall be inserted into the base of the joint
space and rammeu to prevent mortar from enter-
ing the interior of the pipe. Jute or hemp shall
be dipped into a slurry suspension of portland
cement in water prior to insertion into bell. Not
mure than 25% of the joint space shall be
used for jute or hemp. The remaining space
shall be filled in one continuous operation with
a thoroughly mixed mortar composed of one part
cement and two parts sand, with only sufficient
water to make the mixture workable by hand.
After one-half hour of setting, the joint shall be
rammed around entire periphery with a blunt
tool to force the partially stiffened mortar into
the joint and to repair any cracks formed during
the initial setting period. Pipe interior shall be
swabbed to remove any material that might have
fallen into the interior. Additional mortar of
the same composition shall then be troweled so
as to form a 450 taper with the barrel of the pipe.
( 10) Burned Lead JOints. Burned (welded)
lead joints shall be lapped and the lead shall be
fused together to form a uniform weld at least
as thick as the lead being joined.
(11) Bituminized Fiber Pipe Joints. Joints in
bituminized fibre pipe shall be made with tapered
type couplings of the same material as the pipe.
Joints between bituminized fiber pipe and metal
pipe shall be made by means of an adapter cou-
pling calked as required in Subsection (b) (1).
(c) USE OF JOINTS.
(1) Clay Sewer Pipe. Joints in vitrified clay
pipe or between such pipe and metal pipe shall
be made as provided in Subsections (b) (6) and
(b) (7).
(2) Cast Iron Pipe. Joints in cast iron pipe
shall be either calked or screwed, as provideu
in Subsections (b) (I) and (b) (2).
(3) Screw Pipe to Cast Iron. Joints between
wrought iron, steel, brass, or copper pipe, and
cast iron pipe shall be either calked or threaded
joints made as provided in Subsections (b) (I)
and (b) (2), or shall be made with approved
adapter fittings.
(4) Lead to Cast Iron, Wrought Iron or Steel.
Joints between lead and cast iron, wrought iron,
or steel pipe shall be made by means of wiped
joints to a calking ferrule, soldering nipple, or
bushing as provided in Subsection (b) (3).
( 5) Copper Water Tube. Join ts in copper tu b-
ing shall be made either by the appropriate use
of approved brass water fittings, properly sweated
or soldered together or by means of approved com-
pression fittings as provided in Subsections (b)
(4) and (b) (5).
Cd) SPECIAL JOINTS.
(1) Copper Tubing to Screwed Pipe Joints.
Joints from copper tubing to threaded pipe shall
be made by the use of brass converter fittings.
The joint between the copper pipe and the fitting
shall be properly sweated or soldered, and the
connection between the threaded pipe and the
fitting shall be made with a standard pipe size
screw joint.
(2) Welding or Brazing. Brazing or welding
shall be performed in accordance with require-
ments of recognized standard practice and by
qualified mechanics. Brazing or welding any
piping of the drainage system is prohibited, ex-
cept when approved in writing by the Administra-
tive Authority.
(3) Slip JOints. In drainage and water piping,
slip joints may be used only on the inlet side
of the trap or in the trap seal, and on the exposed
fixture supply.
(4) Expansion JOints. Expansion joints must be
accessible and may be used where necessary to
provide for expansion and contraction of the
pipes.
(5) Ground Joint Brass Connections. Ground
Joint brass connections which allow adjustment
of tubing but provide a rigid joint when made
up shall not be considered as slip joints.
(e) UNIONS (Screwed).
(I) Drainage System. Unions mav be used 1I1
the trap seal and on the inlet side of the trap.
Unions shall have metal-to-metal seats.
13
.---
(2) Water-Supply System. Unions in the water-
supply system shall be metal-to-metal with ground
seats.
(f) WATER CLOSET, PEDESTAL URINAL, AND
TRAP STANDARD SERVICE. Fixture connec-
tions between drainage pipes and water closets,
Hoor-outlet service sinks, pedestal urinals, and
earthenware trap standards, shall be made by
means of brass, hard-lead, or iron Hanges, calked,
soldered, or screwed to the drainage pipe. The
connection shall be bolted, with an approved gas-
ket or washer or setting compound between the
earthenware and the connection. The Hoor
Hange shall be set on an approved firm base. The
use of commercial putty or plaster is prohibited.
(g) PROHIBITED JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS.
( 1) Drainage System. Any fitting or connection
which has an enlargement, chamber, or recess
with a ledge, shoulder, or reduction of pipe area,
that offers an obstruction to How through the
drain, is prohibited.
(2) No fitting or connection that offers abnor-
mal obstruction to How, shall be used. The en-
largement of a 3-inch closet bend or stub to 4
inches shall not be considered an obstruction.
(h) WATERPROOFING OF OPENINGS. Joints at
the roof, around vent pipes, shall be made water-
tight by the use of lead, copper, galvanized-iron,
or other approved Hashings or Hashing material.
Exterior-wall openings shall be made watertight.
(i) INCREASERS AND REDUCERS. Where dif-
ferent sizes of pipes, or pipes and fittings are to
be connected, the proper size increasers or re-
ducers or reducing fittings shall be used between
the two sizes.
Section 5. TRAPS AND CLEAN OUTS.
(a) TRAPS.
( 1) Fixture Traps. Plumbing fixtures, excepting
those having integral traps, shall be separately
trapped by a water-seal trap, placed as close to
the fixture outlet as possible.
a. Provided, that a combination plumbing fixture
may be installed on one trap, if one compartment
is not more than 6 inches deeper than the other
and the waste outlets are not more than 30 inches
apart.
b. Provided, that one trap may be ins.talled for
a set of not more than three single-compartment
sinks or laundry trays or three lavatories immedi-
ately adjacent to each other in the same room, if
the waste outlets are not more than 30 inches
apart and the trap is centrally located when three
compartments are installed.
(2) Distance of Trap to Fixture. The vertical
distance from the fixture outlet to the trap weir
shall not exceed 24 inches.
(b) TYPE AND SIZE OF TRAPS AND FIXTURE
DRAINS.
(1) Trap Size. The size (nominal diameter) of
trap for a given fixture shall be sufficient to drain
the fixture rapidly but in no case less than given
in Section 11, Table 11.4.2.
(2) Relation to Fixture Drains. No trap shall
be larger than the fixture drain to which it is
connected.
(3) Type of Traps.
a. Fixture traps shall be self-cleaning other than
integral traps without partitions or movable
parts, except as specifically approved in other
sections of this Chapter.
b. Slip joints or couplings may be used on the
trap inlet or within the trap seal of the trap if
metal-to-metal ground joint is used.
c. A trap integral with the fixture shall have a
uniform interior and smooth waterway.
(4) Drum Traps.
a. Drum traps shall be 3 or 4 inches in diameter
and shall be provided with a water seal of not
less than 2 inches.
b. The trap screw shall be one size less than the
trap diameter.
(c) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
(1) Trap Seal. Each fixture trap shall have a
water seal of not less than 2 inches and not more
than 4 inches, except where a deeper seal is re-
quired by the Administrative Authority for special
conditions.
(2) Trap Cleanouts.
a. Each fixture trap, except those cast integral
or in combination with fixtures in which the trap
seal is readily accessible or except when a portion
of the trap is readily removable for cleaning pur-
poses, shall have an accessible brass trap screw
of ample size protected by this water seal.
b. Cleanouts on the seal of a trap shall be made
tight with threaded cleanout plug and approved
washer.
(3) Trap Level and Protection. Traps shall be
set true with respect to their water seals and,
where necessary, they shall be protected from
freezing.
(4) Traps Underground. Underground traps,
except "P" traps into which Hoor drains with
removable strainers discharge, shall be provided
with accessible and removable cleanouts.
(5) Building (house) Traps.
a. Each building trap when installed, shall be
provided with a cleanout and a relieving vent or
fresh air intake.
14
b. Relieving vents or fresh air intakes need not
be larger than 112 the diameter of the drain to
which they connect.
c. Building (house) traps shaH not be instaned
except where so required by the Administrative
Authority.
(6) Prohibited Traps.
a. No trap which depends for its seal upon the
action of movable parts shaH be used.
b. Fun "s" traps are prohibited.
c. Ben traps are prohibited.
d. Crown-vented traps are prohibited.
(7) Double Trapping. No fixture shaH be
double trapped.
Cd) PIPE CLEANOUTS.
( 1) Location. Cleanouts shan be not more than
50 feet apart in horizontal drainage lines of
4-inch nominal diameter or less and not more
than 100 feet apart for larger pipes.
(2) Underground Drainage. Cleanouts, when
instaned on an underground drain, shan be ex-
tended to or above the finished grade level direct-
ly above the place where the clean out is instaHed;
or may be extended to outside the building upon
approval of the Administrative Authority.
( 3) Change of Direction. Cleanouts shan be
instaHed at each change of direction of the build-
ing drain greater than 45 Q.
( 4) Concealed Piping. Cleanouts on concealed
piping shaH be extended through and terminate
flush with the finished wan or floor; or pits or
chases may be left in the wan or floor, provided
they are of sufficient size to permit removal of
the cleanout plug and proper cleaning of the
system.
(5) Base of Stacks. A cleanout shan be pro-
vided at or near the foot of each vertical waste
or soil stack. For buildings with a floor slab on
fin or ground or with less than 18-inch crawl
space under the floor the foHowing will be accept-
able in lieu of a cleanout at the base of the stack:
The building drain may be extended to the out-
side of the building and terminated in an acces-
sible clean out or an accessible cleanout instaned
in the building drain downstream from the stack
not more than 5 feet outside the building wall.
(6) Building Drain Junction. There shaH be
a cleanout near the junction of the building
drain and building sewer or a cleanout with "Y"
branch inside the building wall.
(7) Direction of Flol!'. Every cleanout shan
be instaned so that the cleanout opens in a direc-
tion opposite to the flow of the drainage line or
at right angle thereto.
(~) Cleanout plugs shaH not be used for the
instanation of new fixtures or floor drains except
where approved in writing by the Administrative
Authority.
(e) SIZE OF CLEANOllTS.
(1) Small Pipes. Cleanouts shall be of the
same nominal size as the pipes up to 4 inches
and not less than 4 inches for larger piping.
(2) Large Pipes. For underground piping over
10 inches, manholes shan be provided and lo-
cated at each 900 change in direction and at
intervals of not more than 150 feet.
(3) COllers. Metal covers shaH be provided for
manholes.
(0 CLEANOUT CLEARANCES.
( 1) Large Pipes. Cleanouts on 3-inch or larger
pipe shaH be so instaHed that there is a clear-
ance of not less than 1 ~ inches for the purpose
of rodding.
(2) Small Pipes. Cleanouts smaller than 3
inches shall be so installed that there is a 12-
inch clearance for rodding.
(3) Calking. Cement, plaster, or any other
permanent finishing material shaH not be placed
over a clean out plug.
(4) Concealment. 'Vhere it is necessary to
conceal a cleanout plug, a covering plate or a~cess
door shan be provided which will permit ready
access to the plug"
(g) CLEANOUT EQUIVALENT. A fixture trap
or a fixture with integral trap, readily removable with-
out disturbing concealed roughing work, may be ac-
cepted as a cleanout equivalent, if there is no more
than one 90" bend on the line to be rodded.
(h) ACIDPROOF TRAPS. Where a vitrified-clay or
other brittleware, acidproof trap is instaned un"der-
ground, it shan be embedded in concrete to a thick-
ness of 6 inches from the bottom and sides of the
trap.
Section 6. INTERCEPTORS-SEPARATORS AND
BACKWATER VALVES.
(a) INTEHCEPTORS AND SEPAHATOHS.
( 1) When Required. Interceptors (including
grease, oil, and sand interceptors, etc.,) shan be
provided when, in the opinion of the Administra-
tive Authority, they are necessan- for the proper
handling of liquid wastes containing grease, flam-
mable wastes, sand and other ingredients harm-
ful to the building drainage system, the public
sewer or sewage-treatment plant or processes"
(2) Approral. The sile, type, and location of
each interceptor or separator shan be approved
15
..r--
bv the Administrative Authority and no wastes
other than those requiring treatment or separa-
tion shall be discharged into any interceptor.
(3) SL'paratiOlI. A mixture of light and heavy
solids or liquids and solids having various specific
gravities may be treated and then separated in
an interceptor as approved by the Administrative
Authority.
(b) GREASE INTERCEPTORS.
( 1) Commercial Buildings. A grease intercep-
tor shall be installed in the waste line leading
from sinks, drains, or other fixtures in the fol-
lowing establishments when, in the opinion of
the Administrative Authority, a hazard exists:
restaurants, hotel kitchens or bars, factory cafe-
terias or restaurants, clubs, or other establish-
ments where grease can be introduced into the
drainage system in quantities that can affect line
stoppage or hinder sewage disposal.
(2) Residential Units. A grease interceptor is
not required for individual dwelling units or any
private living quarters.
(c) OIL SEPARATORS. An oil separator shall be
installed in the drainage system or section of the system
where, in the opinion of the Administrative Authority,
a hazard exists or where oils or other flammables can
be introduced or admitted into the drainage system
by accident or otherwise.
(d) SAND INTERCEPTORS. C01llmercial Installa-
tiolls. Sand and similar interceptors for heavy solids
shall be so designed and located as to be readily acces-
sible for cleaning, and shall have a water seal of not
less than 6 inches.
(e) VENTING INTERCEPTORS. Relief Vent.
Interceptors shall be so designed that they will not
become air bound if closed covers are used. Each
interceptor shall be properly vented.
(f) ACCESSIBILITY OF INTERCEPTORS. Each
interceptor shall be so installed as to provide ready
accessibility to the cover and means for servicing and
maintaining the interceptor in working and operating
condition. The use of ladders or the removal of bulky
equipment in order to service interceptors shall consti-
tute a violation of accessibility.
(g) INTERCEPTOR'S EFFICIENCY.
( 1) Flow Rate. Interceptors shall be rated and
approved for their efficiency as directed by the
Administrative Authority and in accordance with
standard practice.
(2) Approval. No grease interceptor shall be
approved until it has successfully passed the test-
ing and rating procedure set up by the Adminis-
trative Authority.
(3) Water Connection. Water connection t01
cooling or operating an interceptor shall be such
that backflow cannot occur.
(h) LAUNDRIES.
(1) Interceptors. Commercial laundries shall
be equipped with an interceptor having a re-
movable wire basket or similar device that will
prevent strings, rags, buttons or other materials
detrimental to the publie sewerage system from
passing into the drainage system.
(2) Intercepting Device. Basket or device shall
prevent passage into the drainage system of solids
1/2 inch or larger in size. The basket or device
shall be removable for cleaning purposes.
(i) BOTTLING ESTABLISHMENTS. BOTTLING
PLANTS. Bottling plants shall discharge their process
wastes into an interceptor which will provide for the
separation of broken glass or other solids, before dis-
charging liquid wastes into the drainage system.
(j) SLAUGHTER HOUSES.
(1) Separators. Slaughtering-rooms drains shall
be equipped with separators which shall prevent
the discharge into the drainage system of feath-
ers, entrails, and other materials likely to clog
the drainage system.
(2) Interceptors. Slaughtering and dressing
room drains shall be provided with interceptors
approved by the Administrative Authority.
(3) Food-grinder. Wastes may discharge direct-
ly to the building drainage system.
(k) COMMERCIAL GRINDERS.
(1) Discharge. Where commercial food-waste
grinders are installed, the waste from those units
may discharge direct into the building drainage
system and not through a grease interceptor.
(2) Approval. The Administrative Authority
shall determine where and what type of inter-
ceptor is required, except that interceptors shall
not be required for private living quarters or
residential units.
(I) l'vlAINTENANCE. Interceptors shall be main-
tained in efficient operating condition by periodic re-
moval of accumulated grease.
(m) GARAGE OIL INTERCEPTORS.
(1) Where required. Oil separators shall be
installed when required by the Administrative
Authority and shall conform to requirements of
Subsection (m) (2).
(2) MinimulIl Dimension. Oil separators shall
have a depth of not less than 2 feet below the
invert of the discharge drain.
(3) Motor Vehicle Storage. Interceptors shall
have a capacity of 6 cubic feet where not more
than three vehicles are serviced and one cubic
16
foot in net capacity shall be added for each addi-
tional vehicle up to ten vehicles. Where more
than ten vehicles are serviced and stored, the
Administrative Authority shall determine the size
of separator required.
( 4) Motor Vehicle Servicing. Where storage
facilities are not maintained, as in repair shops,
the capacity of the separator shall be based on a
net capacity of I cubic foot for each 100 square
feet of surface to be drained into the interceptor
with a minimum capacity of 6 cubic feet.
(5) Special Type Separators. Before installing
any special type separator a drawing including all
pertinent information shall be submitted for ap-
proval of the Administrative Authority.
(n) BACKWATER VALVES.
(I) Fixtures Subject to Backflow. The installa-
tion of backwater devices shall be based on rec-
ommendations from the Authority having Admin-
istration over the public sewer system.
(2) Fixture Branches. Backwater valves shall
be installed in the branch of the building drain
which receives only the discharge from fixtures
located within such branch and below grade.
( 3) Material. Backwater valves shall have all
bearing parts of corrosion-resistant material.
( 4) Backwater valves shall be so constructed as
to insure a mechanical seal against backflow.
(5) Diameter. Backwater valves, when fully
opened, shall have a capacity not less _ than that
of the pipes in which they are installed.
( 6) Location. Backwater valves shall be so in-
stalled as to provide ready accessibility to their
working parts.
Section 7. PLUMBING FIXTURES.
(a) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS-MATERIALS.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed from approved
materials, have smooth impervious surfaces, be free
from defects and concealed fouling surfaces and, ex-
cept as permitted elsewhere in this Chapter, shall con-
form in quality and design to one of the current na-
tionally acceptable standards for such materials:
Staple Procelain Plumbing Fixtures, NBS Commer-
cial Standard.
Staple Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, NBS
Commercial Standard.
Enameled Cast-Iron Plumbing Fixtures, NBS Com-
mercial Standard.
Earthenware (vitreous glazed) Plumbing Fixtures,
NBS Commercial Standard.
"Plumbing Fixtures (for) Land Use", Federal Speci-
fications.
Formed Steel Enameled Sanitary Ware, Federal
Specifications.
Formed Metal Porcelain Enameled Sanitary Ware,
NBS Commercial Standard.
Hospital Plumbing Fixtures, NBS Simplified Prac-
tice Recommendation.
"Plumbing Fixtures, Fittings, Trim", NBS Simplified
Practice Recommendation.
"Lavatory and Sink Traps", NBS Simplified Prac-
tice Hecommendation.
(b) ALTERNATE MATERIALS. Sinks and special
fixtures may be made of soapstone, chemical stone-
ware, or may be lined with lead, copper-base alloy,
nickel-copper alloy, corrosion-resisting steel or other
materials especially suited to the use for which the
fixture is intended.
(c) OVERFLOWS.
( I) Design. When any fixture is provided with
an overflow, the waste shall be so arranged that
the standing water in the fixture cannot rise in
the overflow when the stopper is closed or remain
in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
(2) Connection. The overflow pipe from a fix-
ture shall be connected on the house or inlet
side of the fixture trap, except that overflows of
flush tanks may discharge into the water closets
or urinals served by them, but it shall be unlaw-
ful to connect such overflows with any other part
of the drainage system.
(d) INSTALLATION.
(I) Cleaning. Plumbing fixtures shall be in-
stalled in a manner to afford easy access for
cleaning. Where practical, all pipes from fix-
tures shall be run to the nearest wall.
(2) joints. \Vhere fixtures come in contact with
wall and floors, the joint shall be watertight.
(3) Securing Fixtures. Floor-outlet fixtures
shall be rigidly secured by screws or bolts.
(4) Wall-Hung Bowls. Wall-hung water-closet
bowls shall be rigidly supported by a concealed
metal supporting member so that no strain is
transmitted to the closet connection.
(5) Setting. Fixtures shall be set level and in
proper alignment with reference to adjacent
walls.
(e) WATER-SUPPLY PROTECTION.
The supply lines or fittings for every plumbing fixture
shall be so installed as to prevent backflow. (See Sub-
Section (d) (3) of Section 10.)
(f) PROHIBITED FIXTURES AND CONNEC-
TIONS.
(I) Fixtures. Pan, valve, plunger, offset, wash-
out, latrine, frostproof, and other water closets
having an invisible seal or an unventilated space
or having walls which are not thoroughly washed
at each discharge, shall be prohibited. Any water
17
.---
closet ~\'hich might permit siphonage of the con-
tents of the bowl back into the tank shall be
prohibited.
(2) C()llIlectiolls. Fixtures having concealed
slip-joint connections shall be provided with an
access panel or utility space so arranged as to
make the slip connections accessible for inspec-
tion and repair.
(3) Used PIUlllhillg Fixtures shall not be in-
stalled unless they have been inspected and have
been found to meet the requirements of this
Chapter and are in satisfactory physical and sani-
tary condition.
(g) WATEH CLOSETS.
( I) Puhlic Use. Water-closet bowls for public
use shall be of the elongated type.
(2) Flushing Device. Water-closet tanks shall
have a flushing capacity sufficient to properly
flush the ,vater-closet bowls with which they are
connected.
(3) Float Vahles. Float valves in lowdown tanks
shall dose tight and provide water to properly
refill the trap seal in the bowl.
(4) Close-Coupled Tanks. The flush-valve seat
in dosed-coupled water-closet combinations shall
be I inch or more above the rim of the bowl,
so that the flush-valve will dose even if the
closet trapway is clogged; or any closets with
flush valve seats below the rim of the bowl shall
be so constructed that in case of trap stoppage,
water will not flow continuously over the rim
of the bowl.
( 5) Automatic Flush Valve. Flushometers shall
be so installed that they will be readily accessible
for repairing. When the valve is operated, it
shall complete the cycle of operation automatical-
ly, opening fully and closing positively under the
service pressure. At each operation the valve
shall deliver water in sufficient volume and at a
rate that will thoroughly Hush the fixture and
refill the fixture trap. Means shall be provided
for regulating flush-valve flow. Not more than
one fixture shall be served by a single flush valve.
Protection against backflow shall be provided as
specified in Sub-Section (e).
(6) Scats. Water closets shall be equipped with
seats of smooth non-absorbent material. All seats
of water closets provided for public use shall be
of the open-front type. Integral water-closet seats
shall be of the same material as the fixture.
(h) URINALS.
( I) Automatic Flushing Tank. Tanks flushing
more than one urinal shall be automatic in
operation and of sufficient capacity to provide
the necessarv volume to flush and properly
cleanse all urinals simultaneously.
(2) Urinals Equipped 11 'ith Autolllatic f l/lsh
Valves. Flushometers shall be as prescribed in
Sub-Section (g) (5), and no valve shall be used
to Hush more than one urinal.
(3) Trough Urinals. Trough urinals shall be
permitted only in places of temporary occupancy.
They shall be not less than 6 inches deep and
shall be furnished with one-piece backs and have
strainers with outlets at least 1-1/2 inches in
diameter. The wash down pipe shall be per-
forated so as to flush with an even curtain of
water against the back of the urinal. This pipe
shall be securely clamped as high as practicable
to the back of the urinal. Trough urinals shall
have tanks with a flushing capacity of not less
than l-Y2 gallons of water for each 2 feet of
urinal length.
(4) Equivalellt lellgth. Trough urinals shall be
figured on the basis of one (I) urinal for each
18 inches of length, i.e":
24" urinal equals I urinal
36" urinal equals 2 urinals
4 8" urinal equals 2 urinals
60" urinal equals 3 urinals
7 2" urinal equals 4 urinals
(5) Floor-type Urinals. Floor-type trough uri-
nals are prohibited.
(6) Surroltlldillg Materials. \V all and Hoor
space to a point I foot in front of urinal lip and
4 feet above the floor, and at least, I foot to
each side of the urinal shall be lined with non-
absorbent material.
(i) STRAINEHS AND FIXTURE OUTLETS. All
plumbing fixtures, other than water closets and sy-
phon-action wash down or blowout urinals, shall be
provided with metal strainers having an approved
waterway area"
(D LAVATORIES. Lavatories shall have waste out-
lets not less than 1-1/4 inches in diameter. \ V astes may
have open strainers or may be provided with stoppers.
(k) SHOWER RECEPTORS AND COMPART-
MENTS.
(I) Sho1l'C/'. All shower compartments, except
those built directly on the ground or those having
metal enameled receptors, shall have a lead or
copper shower pan or of material approved by
the Administrative Authority. The pan shall
turn up on all sides at least 2 inches above
finished floor level. Traps shall be so constructed
that the pan may be securely fastened to the trap
at the seepage entrance making a watertight
joint between the pan and trap. Shower recep-
tacle waste outlets shall be not less than 2 inches
and having removable strainer.
18
(2) On the Ground. Shower receptors built on
the ground shall be constructed from dense non-
absorbent and noncorrosive materials and shall
have smooth impervious surfaces, or as provided
in Sub-Section (k) (1).
C 3) Dimensions. Shower compartments shaH
have not less than 1,024 square inches in floor
area and, if rectangular, square, or triangular in
plan, shall be not less than 30 inches in shortest
dimension.
( 4) Construction. Floors under shower com-
partment shall be laid on a smooth and struc-
turallv sound base and shaH be lined and made
watertight with sheet lead, copper or other ac-
ceptable materials. Shower compartments located
in basements, ceHars, or in other rooms in which
the floor has been laid directly on the ground
surface need not be lined.
(5) Public or Institution Showers. Floors of
public shower rooms shall be drained in such
a manner that no waste water from any head will
pass over areas occupied by other bathers.
(6 ) Walls. Shower compartments shall havc
walls constructed of smooth, noncorrosive and
nonabsorbent waterproof materials to a height of
not less than 6 feet above the floor.
(7) joints. Built-in tubs with overhead showers
shaH have waterproof joints between the tub and
waterproof wall.
(1) SINKS.
(1) Waste Outlets. Sinks shaH be provided with
waste outlets not less than I-IIz inches in di-
ameter. \\1 aste outlets may have open strainers
or may be provided with stoppers.
(2) Food Grinders. Sinks on which a food
waste grinder is installed shaH have a waste open-
ing not less than 3-IIz inches in diameter.
(m) FOOD-W ASTE-GIUNDER UNITS.
(I) Separate Connections. Domestic food-waste-
disposal units shall be connected and trapped
separately from any other fixture or compartment.
Units mav have either automatic or hand-oper-
ated wate; supply control. (See Sub-Section (d)
of Section 10.)
(2) Grease Interceptors. No food-waste grinder
shaH be connected through a grease interceptor.
(3) Comme-rcial-type Grinders. Commercial-
type food-grinders shaH be provided with not less
than a 2-inch waste line. Each waste shaH be
trapped and vented as provided in other sections
of this Chapter.
(n) DRINKING FOUNTAINS.
(1) Design and Construction. Drinking foun-
tains shall conform to American Standard Speci-
fications for Drinking Fountains.
(2) Protection of Water Supply. Stream pro-
jectors shall be so assembled as to provide an
orifice elevation as specified by American Stand-
ard Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems and Ameri-
can Standard Backflow Preventers in Plumbing
Systems.
(0) FLOOR DRAINS.
( I) Trap and Strainers. Floor drains shall have
metal traps and a minimum water seal of 3
inches and shall be provided with removable
strainers. The open area of strainer shall be at
least 'l', of the cross-section area of the drain
line to which it connects.
(2) Size. Floor drains shall be of a size to serve
efficiently the purpose for which it is intended.
ep) DISHWASHING MACHINES.
(I) Protection. Domestic dish washing machines
shall meet requirements in Sub-Section (e).
(2) Separate Trap. Each unit shall be separate-
ly trapped or discharge indirectly into a proper-
ly trapped and vented fixture.
(3) Air Gap. Commercial dishwashing ma-
chines shall be connected through an air gap or
as provided in Section 9, "Indirect \Vaste Piping
and Special vVastes," of this Cllapter.
(4) Hot Water. Dishwashing machines or simi-
lar dish washing equipment not in private living
quarters or dwelling units shall be provided with
water at I80oF., minimum for sterilization.
(q) MULTIPLE WASH SINKS.
(1) Circular Type. Each 18 inches of wash
sink circumference (circular type) shall be equiv-
alent to one lavatory.
(2) Straight-Line Type. Multiple wash sinks of
the strai,ght-line type shall have hot and cold
combination spouts not closer than 18 inches
from adjacent similar spouts and each spout shall
be considered the equivalent of one lavatory.
(r) GARBAGE-CAN WASHERS.
( 1) Discharge. Garbage-can washers shall not
discharge through a trap serving any other device
or fixture.
(2) Grease Interceptor. The discharge from a
garbage-can washer shall be connected through
a grease interceptor.
( 3) Baskets. The receptacle receiving the wash
from garbage cans shall be provided with a basket
or similar device to prevent the discharge of
large particles into the building drainage system.
(4) Connections. vVater supply connections
shall conform to Sub-Section (e).
(s) LAUNDRY TRAYS.
( 1 ) Waste Outlets. Each compartment of a
laundry tray shall be provided with a waste out-
let not less than l-IIz inches in diameter and
with a stopper.
19
/,,-,
(2) Overfloll'. Laundry-tray overflows shall con-
form to the requirements of Sub-Section (c)
(1).
(t) SPECIAL FIXTURES AND SPECIALTIES.
( 1 ) Water and Drain Connections. Baptistries,
ornamental and lily pools, aquaria, ornamental
fountain basins and similar constructions shall
be provided with drainage facilities, and all
Section 8. HANGERS AND SUPPORTS.
(a) STRAIN AND STRESSES. Piping in a plumb-
ing system shall be installed without undue strains and
stresses and provision shall be made for expansion,
contraction, and structural settlement.
(b) VERTICAL PIPING.
(1) Attachment. Vertical pIpmg shall be se-
cured at sufficiently close intervals to keep the
pipe in alignment and carry the weight of the
pipe and contents.
(2) Cast-Iron Soil Pipe. Cast-iron soil pipe
shall be supported at not less than at every story
height and at its base.
(3) Scrcwcd Pipe. Screwed pipe (SPS) shall
be supported at not less than every other story
height.
(4) Coppcr Tubing.
story for piping 1-1;'2
not more than 4-foot
and smaller.
(5) Lead Pipe. Lead pipe shall be supported
at intervals not exceeding 4 feet.
Copper tubing at each
inches and over and at
intervals for 1_1/4 inches
(c) HORIZONTAL PIPING.
( 1) Supports. Horizontal pIpmg shall be sup-
ported at sufficiently close intervals to keep it
in alignment and prevent sagging.
(2) Cast-Iron Soil Pipe. Cast-iron soil pipe shall
be supported at not more than 5-foot intervals_
(3) Screwed Pipc. Screwed pipe (S.P.S.) shall
be supported at approximately 12-foot intervals.
(4) Copper Tubing. Copper tubing shall be
supported at approximately 6-foot intervals for
piping 1-1/2 inches and smaller and 10-foot in-
tervals for piping 2 inches and larger.
(5) Lead Pipe. Lead pipe shall be supported
by strips or otherwise for its entire length.
(6) III GrOlllld. Piping in the ground shall be
laid on a firm bed for its entire length, except
as may be approved by the Administrative Au-
thority for special conditions.
~^---,
water supplies shall be protected from back-
siphonage as required in Sub-Section (e).
(2) Approval. Specialties requiring water and
waste connections shall be submitted for ap-
proval of the Administrative Authority.
(u) MINIMUM FACILITIES. Wherever plumbing
fixtures are installed, the minimum number of each
type of fixture installed shall be in accordance with
Table 7.21.2.
See next page for table.
. ..
(d) HANGERS AND ANCHORS.
( 1) IHaterial. Hangers and anchors shall be of
metal of sufficient strength to maintain their pro-
portional share of the pipe alignments and pre-
vent rattling.
(2) Attachmcnt. Hangers and anchors shall be
securely attached to the building construction.
(e) STRAINS AND STRESSES.
(1) Installation of Pipc. Piping in a plumbing
system shall be so installed as to prevent undue
strains and stresses.
(2) Expansion and Contraction. Provision shall
be made for expansion and contraction of piping
and for structural settlement that may affect the
piping.
(3) Piping in Concretc. Piping in concrete or
masonry walls or footings shall be placed or in-
stalled in chases or recesses which will permit
access to the piping for repair or replacement.
(f) BASE OF STACKS.
(1) Supports. Bases of cast-iron soil stacks shall
be supported on concrete, brick laid in cement
mortar, metal brackets attached to the building
construction, or by other methods approved by
the Administrative Authority.
(2) Piping Material. Other piping material
shall be so anchored as to take the load off the
stack at the base.
Section 9. INDIRECT WASTE PIPING AND SPECIAL
WASTES.
(a) INDIHECT WASTE PIPING.
( 1) Gencral. \V astes from the following shall
discharge to the building drainage system through
an air gap serving the individual fixtures, de-
vices, appliances or apparatus.
(2) Food Handling. Establishments engaged in
the storage, preparation, selling, serving, proc-
essing, or otherwise handling of food shall have
the waste piping from all refrigerators, ice boxes,
rinse sinks, cooling or refrigerating coils, laundry
washers, extractors, steam tables, egg boilers,
coffee urns or simibr equipment discharge indi-
(Continued on Page 22)
20
Type of Building
or Occupancy
SCHOOLS
Elementary
Secondary
Places of Employ-
ment (not serv-
ing the public)
See Note
Places serving the
pub I i c (e.g.
Theatres, Audi-
toriums, etc.)
See Note.
TABLE 7.21.2
MINIMUM FACILITIES
Water Closets
Urinals
Lavatories
Bathtubs or Showers
Drinking Fountains
Male
I per 75
Female
1 per 35
I per 30 male
1 per 50 persons
Female
1 per 45
Shower rooms, if pro-
vided, shall be based on
the largest group to be
accommodated at one
time, such as a physical
education class or athlet-
ic team; there shall be
1 shower head for every
5 male students and 1
shower head for every
4 female students.
Elementary and Second-
ary Schools-l per 100
persons. At least 1 foun-
tain shall be provided
for each floor with a
minimum of 2 fountains
per school.
Male
1 per 75
I per 30 male
1 per 50 persons
Male
I per 20
When over 20,
I per 40
If the number of
men employed ex-
ceeds 200, the
number of fixtures
may be reduced to
1 toilet scat for
each 50 employed
Male
When over 20
I per 40
One per 50 per-
sons employed
placed either in
the toilet rooms or
If the number of adjacent thereto,
men employed ex- and in no case
c eed s 200 th e shall there be less
number of fixtures than one lavatory
may be reduced to for each toilet
1 urinal for each room.
50 men employed.
1 shower for each 15
persons exposed to ex-
cessivc heat or to skin
contamination with pois-
onous, infectious, or irri-
tating material.
I per 75 persons
Female
1 per 25
If the number of
women employees
exceeds 200 this
number may be
reduced to I toilet
seat for each 30
women employees.
Male Male One provided for
One for each 150 One for each 150 each sex for each
seats or for each seats or for each 200 seats or frac-
150 persons or 150 persons or tion thereof and
fraction thereof fraction thereof no toilet room
expected to be expected to be shall contain less
present at one present at one than one lavatory.
time if seats are time if seats are
not provided. not provided. Ex-
cept in those
places having less
than 30 seating
capacity, or less
than 30 persons
are expected to be
present at one
time if seats are
not provided, the
urinal may be o-
mitted.
1 per 100 persons. Pro-
vided: Movie theatres
and others having two-
hour maximum programs
need provide only one
fountain for each floor
for up to first 500 seats
and one additional foun-
tain on each floor for
each additional 500 seats
or major fraction there-
of.
Female
One for each 100
seats or for each
100 persons or
f r a e ti un thereof
expected to be
present at one
time if seats are
not provided.
Note: In places of employment-In no case shall there be less than one toilet seat and one lavatory provided for each sex.
Note: In places serving the public, if the number of employees exceeds 10, separate facilities shall be provided to accom-
modate the employees.
21
TABLE 7.21.2 (Cmltinued)
ing Water Closets Urinals Lavatories Bathtubs or Showers Drinking Fountains
cy
ccu- Male 1 per 25 male 1 per 20 male 1 per 20 male 1 per 100 persons
1 per 20 men
Female Female Female
1 per 1 5 women 1 per 20 1 per 20
Typo! of Build
or Occupan
Overnight 0
pancy
Not less than the above facilities shall be provided in addition to those required for employees.
Swimming Pools Male 1 per 60 male
1 per 60 men bas-
ed on a maximum
bathing load.
See Note.
Female
I per 40 women
based on a maxi-
mum bathing load.
Dormitories
Male
for each 10
persons
1 for each 25 men
Female
for each 8
persons
Over 10 persons,
add 1 fixture for
each 25 additional
males and 1 for
each 20 addition-
al females.
Over 150 persons
add 1 fixture for
each additional 50
men.
1 per 60 male
1 per 40 male
1 per I 00 persons
1 per 60 female
1 per 40 female
1 for each 8 persons in
the case of women's dor-
mitories, additional bath-
tubs should be installed
(separ~te dental at the ratio of 1 for each
lavatorIes, shou,ld 30 females. Over 150
be proYlded ,In persons, add 1 fixture
commumty . tOIlet for each 20 persons.
rooms. RatlO of
dental lavatories
for each 50 per-
sons is recommen-
ded) add 1 lava-
tory for each 20
males, I for each
15 females
1 for each
12 persons
1 per 75 persons
l\'otc: In computing the division of facilities between sexes, the bathing load may be considered to be 3/5 male and 2/5
female. Spectators or persons other than bathers shall not hal'e access to pool toilets. Should it be desired to furnish toilets
for spectators they must be provided outside pool area and dressing rooms.
(Continued From Page 20)
rectly into a water-supplied sink or receptor and
the outlet waste shall terminate at least 2 inches
above the flood rim of such sink or receptor.
(3) Com mercial Dishwashing Machines. Dish-
washing machines, except those in private living
quarters or dwelling units, shall be indirectly
connected, except that when a dishwashing ma-
chine is located adjacent to a floor drain the
waste from the dishwashing machine may be con-
nected direct on the sewer side of the floor-drain
trap.
( 4) Interceptor. An interceptor may be placed
on the outlet side of the dishwashing machine,
or on the discharge side of the indirect waste
receptor .
( 5) CO/mection. Indirect waste connections
shall be provided for drains, overflows, or relief
vents from the water-supply system.
(6) Appliances. Devices, or apparatus such as
stills, sterilizers, and similar equipment requiring
water and waste and used for sterile material
shall be indirectly connected or provided with
an air gap between the trap and the appliance.
(7) Appliances. Devices, or apparatus not regu-
larly classed as plumbing fixtures but which have
drips or drainage outlets, may be drained by in-
direct waste pipes discharging into an open
receptacle as provided in Sub-Section (a) (2)"
(b) MATERIAL AND SIZE. The material and size
of indirect waste pipes shall be in accordance with
the provisions of the other sections of this Chapter
applicable to sanitary-drainage piping.
(c) LENGTH.
(l) Waste Pipe. Any indirect waste pipe ex-
ceeding two feet in length shall be trapped.
(2) Maximum Length. The maximum length
of the indirect waste to vent shall not exceed 15
feet.
(3) Cleaning. Indirect waste piping shall be so
installed as to permit ready access for flushing
and cleansing.
22
t
(d) AIR GAP OR BACKFLOW PRE VENTER.
(I) Provision of Air Gap. The air gap between
the indirect waste and the building drainage
system shall be at least twice the effective di-
ameter of the drain served and shall be as pro-
vided in Sub-Section (d) (2) or (d) (3);
(2) By extending the indirect waste pipe to an
open, accessible slop sink, floor drain, or other
suitable fixture which is properly trapped or
vented. The indirect waste shall terminate a
sufficient distance above the flood level rim of
the receiving fixture to provide the required air
gap, and shall be installed in accordance with
other applicable sections of this Chapter;
(3) By providing a break (air gap) in the drain
connection on the inlet side of the trap serving
the fixture, device, appliance or apparatus.
(e) HECEPTORS.
(I) II/stallation. \Vaste receptors serving indi-
rect pipes shall not be installed in any toilet
room, nor in any inaccessible or unventilated
space such as a closet or storeroom.
(2) Cleanoltt Location. If the indirect waste
receptor is set below floor level, it shall be
equipped with a running trap set adjacent to
the sink with cleanout brought level with the
floor .
(3) Strail/ers and Baskets. Every indirect waste
receptor shall be equipped either with a readily
removable metal basket over which all indirect
waste pipes shall discharge, or the indirect waste
receptor outlet shall be equipped with a beehive
strainer not less than four (4) inches in height
except as otherwise approved by the Administra-
tive Authority.
( 4) Splashing. All plumbing receptors receiv-
ing the discharge of indirect waste pipes, shall
be of such shape and capacity as to prevent
splashing or flooding. No plumbing fixture
which is used for domestic or culinary purposes
shall be used to receive the discharge of an in-
direct waste pipe.
(f) CLEAH WATER WASTES. Water lifts, expan-
sion tanks, cooling jackets, sprinkler systems, drip or
overflow pans, or similar devices which waste clear
water only shall discharge into a roof or into the
building drainage system through an indirect waste.
(g) CONDENSORS AND SUMPS. No steam pipe
shall connect to any part of a drainage or plumbing
system, nor shall any water having temperature above
140 degrees Fahrenheit be discharged into any part
of a drainage system. Such pipes may be indirectly
connected by discharging into an interceptor or into
the drainage system.
(h) DRINKING FOUNTAINS. Drinking fountains
may be installed with indirect wastes when approved
by the Administrative Authority.
(i) SPECIAL WASTES.
( I) Acid and chemical indirect waste pipes shall
be of materials unaffected by the discharge of
such wastes.
(2) In no case shall corrosive liquids, spent
acids, or other harmful chemicals which might
destroy or injure a drain, sewer, soil or waste
pipe, or which might create noxious or toxic
fumes, discharge into the plumbing system with-
out being thoroughly diluted or neutralized by
passing through a properly constructed and
acceptable dilution or neutralizing device. Such
device shall be automatically provided with a
sufficient intake of diluting water or neutralizing
medium, so as to make its contents noninjurious
before being discharged into the soil or sewerage
system.
(j) SWIMMING POOLS. All waste pipes for waste
water from swimming or wading pools including pool
drainage, back wash from filters, water from scum
gutter drains or floor drains, which serve as walks
around pools, shall be installed as an indirect waste
utilizing any existing circulation pump, if necessary,
when indirect waste line is below the sewer grade.
Section 10. WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION.
(a) QUALITY OF WATER SUPPLY.
( I) Potable Water. Potable water is water
which is satisfactory for drinking, culinary, and
domestic purposes, and meets the requirements
of the Florida State Board of Health.
(2) Nonpotable Water. Nonpotable water shall
not be used for flushing water closets and urinals
and other fixtures which mav not necessarily
require potable water except in 'extremely extenu'-
ating circumstances and provided then that prior
to installation approval in writing of plans of
entire plumbing layout shall be obtained from
Florida State Board of Health, such plans show-
ing in detail how the non potable water will be
inaccessible for drinking or culinary purposes.
(b) COLOR CODE. Identification of Piping. All
piping installations approved under Sub-Section (a)
(2) shall be adequately and durably identified by a
distinctive yellow-colored paint so that it is readily
distinguished from piping carrying potable water.
(See American Standard Association Safetv Color
Code for Marking Physical Hazards.) .
(c) WATER SUPPLY I\JANDATORY. Every build-
ing in which plumbing fixtures are installed and are
for human occupancy or habitation shall be provided
with an ample supply of pure and wholesome water;
provided that such water shall comply with standards
23
of the florid a State Board of Health, except such re-
quirement is not mandatory in the case of a single
family dwelling occupied by its owner and which is
served only by individual private water supply system.
(d) PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER
SUPPLY.
( 1) Cross COlllzcctiollS. Potable water-supply
piping, water discharge outlets, back flow pre-
vention devices or similar equipment shall not
be so located as to make possible their submer-
gence in any contaminated or polluted liquid or
substance.
(2) Approval of Devices. Before any device for
the prevention of backflow or back-siphonage is
installed, it shall have first been approved by a
recognized testing- laboratory acceptable to the
Administrative Authority. Devices installed in
a potable water supply system for protection
against backflow shall be maintained in good
working condition by the person or persons hav-
ing control of such devices. The Administrative
Authority having jurisdiction may inspect such
devices and, if found to be effective or inopera-
tive, shall require the repair or replacement there-
of.
(3) Backflow. The water-distributing system
shall be protected against backflow. Every water
outlet shall be protected from backflow, prefera-
bly by having the outlet and from which the
water flows spaced a distance above the flood-
level rim of the receptacle into which the water
flows sufficient to provide a "minimum required
air gap" as defined in American Standard Air
Gaps in Plumbing Systems. Where it is not possi-
ble to provide a minimum air gap, the water out-
let shall be equipped with an accessibly located
backflow preventer complying with American
Standard Backflow Preventers in Plumbing Sys-
tems, installed on the discharge side of the man-
ual control valve.
( 4) Special Devices. Where it is not possible
to provide either a minimum air gap or a back-
flow preventer, as may be the case in connection
with cooling jackets, condensers or other indm,-
trial or special appliances, the Administrative
Authority shall require other approved means of
protection.
Ce) VACUUM BREAKERS AND AIR GAPS.
( 1) Flushol1lcter. Flu s h 0 met e r s shall be
equipped with an approved vacuum breaker. The
vacuum breaker shall be installed on the dis-
charge side of the flushing valve with the critical
level at least 4 inches above the overflow rim
of the bowl.
(2) Flushing Tanks. Flushing tanks shall be
equipped with an approved ball-cock. The ball-
cock shall be installed with the critical level of
the vacuum breaker at least 1 inch above the
full opening of the overflow pipe. In cases where
the ball-cock has no hush tube, the bottom of
the water supply inlet shall be installed 1 inch
above the full opening of the overflow pipe.
(3) Trough Urinals. Trough urinals shall be
equipped with an approved vacuum breaker in-
stalled on the discharge side of the last valve
and not less than 30 inches above the spray
pipe.
( 4) Lawn SlJrinklcrs. Lawn sprinkler systems
shall be equipped with an approved preventer
on the discharge side of each of the last valves.
The backflow preventer shall be at least 6 inches
above the highest sprinkler head, and at no time
less than 6 inches above the surrounding ground.
\Vhere combination control valves and backflow
preventers are installed, the bottom of the valve
shall constitute the bottom of the backflow pre-
venter.
(5 ) Valve Outlet. Fixtures with hose attach-
ments shall be protected by an approved back-
flow preventer installed six inches above the high-
est point of usage and on the discharge side of
the valve.
CO WATER SERVICE PIPE.
C 1) Except as permitted in Sub-Section CO C 2)
the underground water-service pipe and the
building drain or building sewer shall be not
less than 10 feet apart horizontally and shall be
separated by undisturbed or compacted earth.
(2) The water-service pipe may be placed in
the same trench with the building drain and
building sewer provided the following conditions
are met:
The bottom of the water-service pipe, at all
points, shall be at least 12 inches above the
top of the sewer line at its highest point.
The water-service pipe shall be placed on a
solid shelf excavated at one side of the com-
mon trench.
The number of joints in the service pipe shall
be kept to a minimum.
The materials and joints of sewer and water-
service pipe shall be installed in such manner
and shall possess the necessary strength and
durability to prevent the escape of solids, liq-
uids, and gases, therdrom, under all known
adverse conditions such as corrosion, strains
due to temperature changes, settlement, vibra-
tions and superimposed loads.
(3) Stop-and-Waste Valve Combination. Com-
bination stop-and-waste valves and cocks shall
not be installed in an underground service pipe.
24
(4) Private Water Supply. No private water
supply shall be inter-connected with any public
water supply without the specific approval of
the Florida State Board of Health.
(g) WATER PUMPING AND STORAGE EQUIP-
MENT.
(1) Pumps and Other Appliances. Water
pumps, tanks, filters, softeners, and all other
appliances and devices shall be protected against
contamination.
(2 ) Water-supply tanks. Potable-water-supply
tanks shall be properly covered to prevent the
entrance of foreign material or insects into the
water supply. Soil or waste lines shall not pass
directly over such tanks.
(3) Pressure tanks, boilers, and relief valves.
The drains from pressure tanks, boilers, relief
valves and similar equipment shall be connected
to the drainage system through an indirect waste.
(4) Cleaning, painting, repairing water tanks.
A potable-water-supply tank used for domestic
purposes shall not be lined, painted, or repaired
with any material which will affect either the
taste or the potability of the water supply when
the tank is returned to service. Tanks shall be
disconnected from the system during such opera-
tions, to prevent any foreign fluid or substance
from entering the distribution piping.
(h) WATER-SUPPLY TANKS (House - Suction
Booster) .
( 1) When required. 'Vhen the water pressure
from the city mains during flow is insufficient
to supply all fixtures freely and continuously,
the rate of supply shall be supplemented by a
gravity house tank or booster system.
(2) Support. All water-supply tanks shall be
supported in accordance with the local building
code or other regulations which apply.
(3) Overflow for water-supply tanks. Overflow
pipes for gravity tanks shall discharge above and
within 6 inches of a roof or catch basin, or they
shall discharge over an open, water-supplied
sink. Adequate overflow pipes properly screened
against the entrance of insects and vermin shall
be provided.
( 4) Tank supply. The water-supply inlet with-
in the tank shall be at an elevation not less than
is required for an air gap in an open tank with
overflow, but in no case shall the elevation be
less than 4 inches above the overflow.
(5) Drains. Water-supply tanks shall be pro-
vided with valved drain lines located at their
lowest point and discharged as an indirect waste
or as required for overflow pipes in Sub-Section
(d) (3).
(6) Size of overflow. Overflow drains for water
supply tanks shall not be less than the follow-
ing:
Drain Pipe Tank Capacity
(inches) (gallons)
1 .......m__Up to 750
1-112 .. 751 to 1,500
2 ---.....1,501 to 3,000
Drain Pipe Tank Capacity
(inches) (gallons)..
2-1;2 __3,001 to 5,000
3 m_____5,001 to 7,500
4 .----...__.__.O"er 7,500
Each drain line shall be equipped with a quick open-
ing valve of the same diameter as the pipe.
(7) Gravity and Suction Tanks. Tanks used for
domestic water supply, combined supply to fire
standpipes and domestic water system, or to sup-
ply standpipes for fire fighting equipment only,
shall be equipped with tight covers which are
vermin and rodent proof. Such tanks shall be
vented with a return bend vent pipe having an
area not less than one-half the area of the down
feed riser and the vent opening shall be covered
with a metallic screen of not less than one hun-
dred (100) mesh.
(8) Pressure tanks. Pressure tanks used for
supplying water to the domestic ':ater (listr~bu-
tion system, combined supply to fire standpIpes
and domestic water system, or to supply stand-
pipes for fire equipment only, shall be equipped
with an acceptable vacuum breaking device lo-
cated on the top of the tank. The air inlet of this
device shall be covered with a metallic screen
of not less than one hundred (100) mesh.
(i) DISINFECTION OF POTABLE WATER SYS-
TEM PIPING.
( 1) The Administrative Autho;ity having juris-
diction may require that a potable-water system
or any part thereof installed or repaired be dis-
infected in accordance with one of the follow-
ing methods before it is placed in operatio~, and
after first thoroughly flushing to waste WIth po-
table water.
(2) The system, or part thereof, shall be fi lIed
with a solution containing 50 parts per million
of available chlorine and allowed to stand 6
hours before flushing and returning to service.
(3) The system, or part thereof, shall be ~l~ed
with a solution containing 100 parts per mIllion
of available chlorine and allowed to stand 2
hours before flushing and returning to service.
( 4) In the case of a potable-water storage tank
where it is not possible to disinfect as provided
in Sub-Section (i) (2) and (i) (3) the entire
interior of the tank shall be swabbed with a
solution containing 200 parts per million of
available chlorine and the solution allowed to
stand 2 hours before flushing and returning to
service.
25
C 5) In the case of potable water filters or simi-
lar devices, the dosage shall be determined by
the Administrative Authority.
CD WATER -DISTRIBUTION PIPE, TUBING
AND FITTINGS. Materials for water-distributing
pipes and tubing shall be brass, copper, lead, cast iron,
wrought iron, open-hearth iron, or steel, with appro-
priate approved fittings. All threaded ferrous pipe and
fittings shall be galvanized (zinc-coated) or cement
lined. When used underground in corrosive soil, all
ferrous pipe and fittings shall be coal-tar enamel coated
and the threaded joints shall be coated and wrapped
after installation. (See Section 3. for Standards.)
(k) ALLOWANCE FOB CHABACTEB OF
WATER.
(1) Selectiou of materials. When selecting the
material and size for water-supply pipe, tubing,
or fittings, due consideration shall be given to
the action of the water on the interior and of
the soil, fill or other material on the exterior of
the pipe. No material that would produce toxic
conditions in a potable-water system shall be
used for piping, tubing, or fittings.
C 2) LJ sed Pipillg. No piping material that has
been used for other than a potable-water supply
shall be re-used in the potable water-supply sys-
tem.
(l) WATEH SUPPLY CONTHOL.
( 1 ) Water supply control. A main shut-off
valve on the water-service pipe shall be provided
near the curb and, also, an accessible shutoff
valve with a drip valve shall be provided inside
near the entrance of the water-service pipe into
the building.
C 2) Tauh cOl/trols. Supply lines taken from
pressure or gravity tanks shall be valved at or
near their source.
C 3) Separate cOlltrols for each family unit. In
two-family or multiple dwellings, eaeh family
unit shall be controlled by an arrangement of
shut-off valves which permit each group of fix-
tures or the individual fixtures to be shut off
without interference with the water supply to
any other family unit or other portion of the
building.
( 4) Group Fixtures. A group of fixtures means
two or more fixtures adjacent or near each other.
In a one-familv house one or two bathrooms
adjacent or one 'over the other may be considered
a group.
(5) Buildings other than dwellings. In all
buildings other than dwellings shut-off valves
shall be installed, which permit the water supply
to all equipment in each separate room to be
shut off without interference with the water
supply to any other room or portion of the build-
ing.
(6 ) Water heating equipment. A shut-off valve
shall be provided in the cold-water branch line
to each water-storage tank or each water heater.
A check valve shall be installed in the cold water
supply line to each water heater.
(7) Shut-off Valve at Meter. The shut-off valve
at the discharge side of the water meter shall be
not less in size than the size of the building water
service, and shall be of the gate type.
(m) \VATEB SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION.
( 1) \Vater-service pipe. The water-service pipe
from the street main to the water-distribution
system for the building shall be of sufficient size
t;) furnish an adequate flow of water to meet the
requirements of the building at peak demand,
and in no case shall be less than % inch nominal
diameter.
If flushometers or other devices requiring a high
rate of water flow are used, the water-service pipe
shall be designed to supply this flow.
(2) Demand Load. The demand load in the
building water-supply system shall be based on
the number and kind of fixtures installed and
the probable simultaneous use of these fixtures.
(n) PROCEDURE IN SIZING THE \VATER DIS-
TRIBUTION SYSTEM OF A BUILDING.
C 1) The sizing of the water distribution system
shall conform to good engineering practice. 1"leth-
ods used to determine pipe sizes shall be accept-
able to the Administrative Authority.
(2) Size of fixture-supply. The minimum size
of a fixture-supply pipe shall be as follows:
Pipc-Size
Typc of Fixture or Device (inches)
Bath tubs .m_.m._.._m____...______...._____.___. 1/2
Combination sink and tray .__.___.____..h___ 1/2
Drinking fountain .-..-..-----.....-.----..----- %
Dishwasher (domestic) _....m_m__..___..___ 1f2
Kitchen sink, residential ..._..___....___.____ 1/2
Kitchen sink, commercial ....._..___h_"._" %
Lavatory _ m. _... _ __ _ __ m ___ __ _.. _.......... - h.. -... %
Laundry tray, 1, 2, or 3 compartments.. 1/2
Shower (single head) .._...__...___...__.._.___ 1/2
Sinks (service, slop) ....._...._..___....._...__. 1/2
Sinks, flushing rim .----.-...---....--...-....--- %
Urinal (flush tank) ____........__.._.__.._..... 1/2
Urinal (direct flush tank) .-...-.......--..- %
Water closet (tank type) -.---.------..--.....- %
Water closet (flush valve type) ....._.._h_ 1
"Vater Heater ____..._m_m.m_____m........--- %
Hose bibbs ______.m_..........--.....---..m------ 1f2
Wall hydrant m...._.._____m___..h.____..___.__ 1f2
For fixtures not listed, the minimum supply
branch may be made the same as for a com-
parable fixture.
26
(3) fdinimulIl Pressure. Minimum, fairly con-
stant, service pressure, at the point of outlet dis-
charge shall be not less than 8 lb./in." for all fix-
tures except for direct Hush-valves, for which it
shall be not less than 15 lb./in.", and except
where special equipment is used requiring higher
pressures. In determining the minimum pres-
sure, allowance shall be made for the pressure
drop due to friction loss in the piping system
during maximum demand periods as well as
head, meter, and other losses in the system.
(4) Auxiliary PrcsSllrc. Supplementary Tank.
If the residual pressure in the system is below
the minimum allowable at the highest water out-
let when the flow in the system is at peak de-
mand, an automatically controlled pressure tank
or gravity tank shall be installed, of sufficient
capacity to supply sections of the building in-
stallatiolJ which are too high to be supplied
directly from the public water main.
(5) LUll' Pressure Cut-off. 'Vhen a booster
pump is used on an auxiliary pressure system
and the possibility exists that a pressure of 5
lb/in." or less mav occur on the suction side of
the pump, there shall be installed a low-pressure
cut-off on the booster pump to prevent the crea-
tion of negative pressures on the suction side of
the water system. Other similar arrangements
may be provided as approved by the Florida State
Board of Health.
(6) Variahle Street Pressures. 'Vhen the street
main has a wide fluctuation in pressure during
the day, the water distribution system shall be
designed for minimum pressure available.
(7) Hazard and Noise. 'Vhere water pressures
are excessive, air chambers or other approved
mechanical devices shall be provided to reduce
water hammer or line noises to such an extent
that no pressure hazard to the piping system will
exist.
(0) HOT-WATER DISTRIBUTION. The sizing of
the hot-water distribution piping shall conform to good
engineering practice. (See Sub-Section [n].)
(p) SAFETY DEVICES.
( 1) A check valve shall be installed in the cold
water supply line to each water heater.
(2) Pressure-relief Valve. Pressure-relief valves
shall be installed for all equipment used for heat-
ing or storage of hot ,vater. The rate of dis-
charge of such a valve shall limit the pressure
rise for any given heat input to 10 per cent of
the pressure at which the valve is set to open.
(3) T emperaturc-relief ralves. T emperature-re-
lief valves shall be installeu for all equipment
used for the heating or storage of hot water. Each
valve shall be rated as to its BTU capacity. At
_.~--
2100 F., it shall be capable of discharging suffi-
cient hot water to prevent any further rise in
temperature.
( 4) Approvals. Combination pressure-and-tem-
perature-relief valves or separate pressure-and-
temperature-relief valves which have been tested
and approved by, or meet the specification re-
quirements of, the American Gas Association or
the National Board of Casualty and Surety Under-
writers, shall be considered acceptable.
(5) Relief-valvc location. Temperature-relief
valves shall be placed directly above tanks served
and in no case more than 3 inches away from
such tanks. Pressure-relief valves may be located
adjacent to the equipment they se~ve. There
shall be no check valve or shutoff valve between
a relief valve and the heater or tank for which
it is installed.
( 6) Relief Outlet Wastes. The outlet of a pres-
sure, temperature, or other relief valve shall not
be connected to the drainage system as a direct
waste.
(7) Pressure marking of storagc tank. Any stor-
age tank hereafter installed for domestic hot
water shall have clearly and indelibly stamped
in the metal, or so marked upon a plate welded
thereto, or otherwise permanently attached, the
maximum allowable working pressure. Such
markings shall be placed in an accessible position
on the outside of the tank so as to make in-
spection or reinspection readily possible. All
storage tanks for domestic hot water shall meet
the applicable ASME Standards.
MISCELLANEOUS.
( 1) Drain Cock. All storage tanks shall be
equipped with adequate drain cocks.
(2) Line V alvcs. Valves in the water-supph-
distribution system, except those immediateh-
controlling one fixture supply, when fully opened
shall have a cross-sectional area of the smallest
orifice or opening through which the water Hows
at least equal to the cross-sectional area of the
nominal size of the pipe in which the valve is
installed.
(3 ) Water Used for Processing. '" ater used
for cooling of equipment or similar purposes
shall not be returned to the potable-water distrib-
uting system. When discharged to the building
drainage system, the waste water shall be dis-
charged through an indirect waste pipe or air
gap.
Section 11. DRAINAGE SYSTEM.
(a) MATERIALS.
( 1) Gcneral. Pipe, tubing, and fittings for
drainage systems shall comply with the provisions
in Section 3. of this Chapter.
(q)
27
,.,.~1lj;':
(2) Above-ground piping within buildings. Soil
and waste piping for a drainage system within a
building shall be of cast-iron, galvanized wrought
iron, galvanized open-hearth iron, galvanized
steel, lead, brass, or copper pipe, or copper tube.
(3) Underground piping within buildings. All
drains within buildings, when underground, shall
be of cast-iron soil pipe. For buildings under two
stories in height, the pipe may be service weight.
For buildings two stories or more in height, the
pipe shall be of extra-heavy weight.
The following materials may be used under-
ground when approved by the Administrative
Authority: galvanized steel or galvanized ferrous
alloy, lead, or copper pipe, or copper tubing.
\Vhere threaded joints are approved for use un-
derground, they shall be coated and wrapped after
installation.
( 4) Fittings. Fittings on the drainage system
shall conform to the type of piping used. Fit-
tings on screwed pipe shall be of the recessed
drainage type. (See Sub-Section [d] of Section
2. of this Chapter.)
(b) BUILDING SEWER.
(1) Separate trenches. The building sewer,
when installed in a separate trench from the
water-service pipe, shall be cast-iron sewer pipe,
vitrified-clay sewer pipe, or bituminized-fiber
sewer pipe. Joints shall be watertight and root-
proof.
(2) One trench. The building sewer, when in-
stalled in the same trench with the water-service
pipe shall be constructed of durable materials
which are corrosion-resistant and shall be so in-
stalled as to remain watertight and be rootproof.
The building sewer shall be tested with a 10-
foot head of water or equivalent and found to
be tight.
(3) Sewer in filled ground. A building sewer
or building drain installed in filled or unstable
ground shall be of cast-iron pipe, except that non-
metallic drains may be laid upon an approved
concrete pad if installed in accordance with Sub-
Section (b) (1).
( 4) Sanitary and storm sewers. vVhere separate
svstems of sanitary drainage and storm drainage
a're installed in the same property, the sanitary
and storm building sewers or drains may be laid
side by side in one trench.
(5) Old house sewers and drains. Old house
sewers and house drains may be used in connec-
tion with new buildings or new plumbing and
drainage work only when they are found, on
examination and test, to conform in all respects
to the requirements governing new house sewers,
and the Administrative Authority shall notify the
owner to make the changes necessary to conform
to this Chapter.
(6) Easements for sewers. Unless a right-of-
wav or easement is recorded with the Adminis-
trative Authority, it shall not be permissible to
install any sewer or drain from any building
or premises across any adjacent property or
premises even though at the time of the proposed
installation the adjacent properties are under
common ownership.
(c) DRAINAGE PIPING INSTALLATION.
(1) Horizontal drainage 1llpmg. Horizontal
drainage piping shall be installed at a uniform
slope but at slopes not less than permitted in
Sub-Sections (c) (2), (c) (3), and (c) (4).
(2) Small piping. Horizontal drainage piping
of 3-inch diameter and less shall be installed
with a fall of not less than %-inch per foot.
( 3) Large piping. Horizontal drainage piping
of larger than 3-inch diameter shall be installed
with a fall of not less than lis inch pcr foot.
(4) Minimum velocity. Where conditions do
not permit building drains and sewers to be laid
with a fall as great as that specified, then a
lesser slope may be permitted provided the com-
puted velocity will not be less than 2 feet per
second.
(d) FIXTURE UNITS.
( 1) Values for fixtures. Fixture-unit values as
given in table 11.4.2. designate the relative load
weight of different kinds of fixtures which shall
be employed in estimating the total load carried
by a soil or waste pipe and shall be used in con-
nection with the tables of sizes for soil, waste,
and drain pipes for which the permissible load
is given in terms of fixture units.
See next page for table.
28
(2)
CHAPTER VIII
TABLE 11.4.2. Fixture Units per Fixture or Group
Fixture type
Minimum Size of Trap
inches
Fixture-U nit Value
as load factors
1 bathroom group consisting of water closet, lavatory
and bathtub or shower staILh..._h.____h.hh___h.___h_
Bathtub1 (with or without overhead shower}___h______
Bathtub'_ _.00. _. _ _.00 _.00. _ ___ _. _.00_ 00..00 00_ _ 00 _ ___ _. _.. _ 00 _.00..00 _. _ _ _._
Bidet . -.. - - -.._00. _h. _hh __.hh h_h .h_.hh._h. _ _.h _ ..00. ..00. "_h.
Combination sink-and-tray .0000._____.._0000______00__...___.00_
Combination sink-and-tray with food-disposal unit "'00_
Dental unit or cuspidor -h-___.h.________h__hh_hh_____...__
Dental lavatory ___ _ _..... __. _0000____00.... h... .00. .hhh ___..._ .__..
Drinking Fountain hh.....h _hh.._....___h____h ..h.___.h.____
Dishwasher2 domestic hh __h....h_ .00___..__..00 ....._.. .h____h
Floor drains:! _.. .__00_ ._... .._.. .m_ .00_. 0000. ___.__ _ _.00 _..h .____ h ._.
Kitchen sink, domestic h______hhh...._____ h__._ hh .00__00____
Kitchen sink with food-disposal unit ..____h..hh_hh___..
Lavatory' . _...00 _ _... h _ _..h... _ _ h_.. _...00 _ .__. _ _..... .00.. _00 ___.___.
Lavatory' ..... h_... ._".00 ....._ _0000 _. _.00 _..... _. _.00 .00.._ _.. _.. _....
Lavatory, barber, beauty parlor -----..h_._h.._..h..h..___._
Lavatory, surgeon's ____uuu. ~_____ __u_ _u.. _.__ h__ _ _." __Uh _ __._
Laundry tray (lor 2 compartments) ---_..._...00....___..
Shower stall, domestic _."_h_... h._ hh_.... hh... _______.___h __
Showers (group) per head" ..h___m_.__h.hh..._hhh____.h
Sinks
Surgeon's _ __ _ _ 00 _. _ _ __.. '''_'__ _.. _ _____ _ _ __. ___. _._ ___ __.._ __ .._____
Flushing rim (with valve) __h_.h___h___h...____..._h___
Service (Trap standard) ..__h..hh.__h.h__.____h.________
Service (P trap) --h___h.__..__..___h._hhhh.______...._____.
Pot, scullery, etc.2 ----hh___._______..__...hhh.......___h_...
Urinal, pedestal, syphon jet, blowout ___h________..____.._
Urinal, wall lip -h---h--_._.h________._h__h___h_____h___h_______
Urinal stall washout __....___ -_____..____...00___ _______..h__h_.__
Urinal trough2 (each 2-foot section)__....__.__hh.._____..
Wash sink2 (circular or multiple), each set of faucets..
Water closet, tank-operated __h__.h.__..__h_____.___..._.___h.
Water closet, valve-operated -----_....h._________h.___h____....
Tank water closet 6
Flush-valve water
closet 8
2
3
3
3
4
1
1
lIz
2
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
Nominal
IVz
2
Il1z
Il1z
Il1z
1114
1114
1
lllz
2
Il1z
1112
1114
IVz
lllz
1112
lllz
2
Separate traps
Small P.O.
Large P.O.
3
8
3
2
4
8
4
4
2
2
4
8
Nominal
IV2
3
3
2
1112
3
Il1z
2
Ilh
Il1z
3
3
Nominal
Nominal
, A shower head over a bathtub does not increase the fixture value.
2 See Sub-Sections Cd) (3) and Cd) (4) for method of computing unit value of fixtures not listed in Table 11.4.2. or for rating of devices
with intermittent flows.
a Size of floor drain shall be determined by the area of surface water to be drained.
· Lavatories with 1 % or 1 y:. trap have the same load value; larger P.O. plugs have greater flow rate.
29
,-
CHAPTER VIII
(3) Fixtures not listed in Table 11.4.2. shall
be estimated in accordance with Table 11.4.3.
TABLE 11.4.3.
Fixture drain or trap size
Fixture-unit value
11/4 inches and smaller
11/2 inches
2 inches
21/~ inches
3 inches
4 inches
1
2
3
4
5
6
( 4) Values for continuous flow. For a con-
tinuous or semicontinuous flow into a drainage
system, such as from a pump, pump ejector, air-
conditioning equipment, or similar device, two
fixture units shall be allowed for each gallon-
per-minute of flow.
(e) Determination of Sizes for the Drainage System.
( 1) Maximum fixture-unit load. The maximum
number of fixture units that may be connected
to a given size of building sewer, building drain,
horizontal branch, or vertical soil or waste stack
is given in Tables 11.5.2. and 11.5.3.
(2) TABLE 11.5.2 Building Drains and Sewers
Maximum number of fixture units that may be
Diameter connected to any portion' of the building drain or
the building sewer
of pipe Fall per foot
1/16-inch liS-inch 1/4-inch lI2-inch
Inches
2 21 26
21/2 24 31
3 202 ') ~., 362
_ f-
4 180 216 250
5 390 480 575
6 700 840 1,000
8 1,400 1,600 1,920 2,300
10 2,500 2,900 3,500 4,200
12 3,900 4,600 5,600 6,700
15 7,000 8,300 10,000 12,000
1 Includes branches of the building drain.
.:: Not o\'er two water closets.
CHAPTER VIII
(3) TABLE 11.5.3. Horizontal Fixture Branches and Stacks
Maximum number of fixture units that may be
connected to:
Diameter any hori- one stack More than 3 stories
of zon tal' of 3 stories in height
pipe fixture in height Total for Total at
branch or 3 stack one story
intervals or branch
interval
Inches
11/4 1 2 2 1
1112 3 4 8 2
2 6 10 24 6
21/2 12 20 42 9
3 20" 30' 60" 162
4 160 240 500 90
5 360 540 1,100 200
6 620 960 1,900 350
8 1,400 2,200 3,600 600
10 2,500 3,800 5,600 1,000
12 3,900 6,000 8,400 1,500
15 7,000
1 Does not include branches of the building drain.
~ Not over two water closets.
;j Not over six water closets.
( 4) lHinimum size of soil and waste stacks. No
soil or waste stack shall be smaller than the
largest horizontal branch connected thereto ex-
cept that a 4x3 W. C. connection shall not be
considered as a reduction in pipe size.
(5) Minimum size of stack-vent or vent stack.
Any structure on which a building drain is in-
stalled shall have at least one stack-vent or vent
stack carried full size through the roof not less
than 3 inches in diameter or the size of the
building drain, whichever is the lesser.
(6) Future fixtures. When provision is made
for the future installation of fixtures, those pro-
vided for shall be considered in determining the
required sizes of drain pipes. Construction to
provide for such future installation shall be ter-
minated with a plugged fitting or fittings at the
stack so as to form no dead end.
(7) Underground drainage piping. No portion
of the drainage system installed underground or
below a basement or cellar shall be less than 2
inches in diameter.
(0 OFFSETS ON DRAINAGE PIPING.
( 1) Offsets of 450 or less. An offset in a ver-
tical stack, with a change of direction of 450 or
less from the vertical, may be sized as a straight
vertical stack. In case a horizontal branch con-
nects to the stack within 2 feet above or below
30
the offset, a relief vent shall be installed in ac-
cordance with Sub-Section (r) (2) of Section
12 of this Chapter.
(2 ) Waste Stacks serving kitchen sinks. In a
one or two-family dwelling only in which the
waste stack or vent receives the discharge of a
kitchen-type sink and also serves as a vent for
fixtures connected to the horizontal portion of
the branch served by the waste stack, the mini-
mum size of the waste stack up to the highest
sink branch connection shall be 2 inches in
diameter. Above that point the size of the stack
shall be governed by the total number of fix-
ture units vented by the stack.
( 3) Above highest ~ranch. An offset above the
highest horizontal branch is an offset in the
stack-vent and shall be considered only as it af-
fects the developed length of the vent.
( 4) Below lowest branch. In the case of an
offset in a soil or waste stack below the lowest
horizontal branch, no change in diameter of the
stack because of the offset shall be required if it
is made at an angle of not greater than 450. If
such an offset is made at an angle greater than
450, the required diameter of the offset and the
stack below it shall be determined as for a build-
ing drain (Table 11.5.2).
(5) Offsets of more thall 450. A stack with an
offset of more than 450 from the vertical shaH
be sized as follows:
The portion of the stack above the offset shall
be sized as for a regular stack based on the total
number of fixture units above the offset.
The upper portion of the stack above the offset
shall be sized as for a building drain (Table
11.5.2, column 5).
The portion of the stack below the offset shall
be sized as for the offset or based on the total
number of fixture units on the entire stack,
whichever is the larger. (See Table 11.5.3,
column 4).
A relief vent for the offset shall be installed as
provided in Section 12 and in no case shall the
horizontal branch connect to the stack within
2 feet above or below the offset.
(g) SUMPS AND EJECTORS.
( 1) Building drains below sewer. Building
drains which cannot be discharged to the sewer
by gravity flow shall be discharged into a tightly
covered and vented sump from which the liq-
uid shall be lifted and discharged into the
building gravity drainage system by automatic
pumping equipment or by any equally efficient
method approved by the Administrative Author-
ity.
(2) Storage period. The storage of drainage in
a sump or ejector shall not exceed a period of
12 hours.
(3) Design. Sump and pumping equipment
shall be so designed as to discharge practically
all contents accumulated in the sump during
the cycle of emptying operation.
( 4 ) Veluing. The system of drainage piping
below the sewer level shall be installed and
vented, in a manner similar to that of the grav-
ity system.
(5) Duplex equipment. Sumps receiving the
discharge of more than six water closets shall
be provided with duplex pumping equipment.
(6) Vent sizes. Building sump vents shall be
sized in accordance with Table 12.21.6 but shall
in no case be sized less than 1 ~~ inches.
(7) Separate vents. Vents from pneumatic
ejectors or similar equipment shall be carried
separately to the open air as a vent terminal.
(8) Connections. No direct connection of a
steam exhaust, blowoff, or drip pipe shall be
made with the building drainage system.
Waste water when discharged into the building
drainage system shall be at a temperature not
higher than 1400 F. When higher temperature
exists, proper cooling methods shall be provided.
(h) FLOOR DHAINS.
(1) Accessibility. Floor drains shall connect in-
to a trap so constructed that it can be readily
cleaned and of a size to serve efficiently the pur-
pose for which it is intended. The drain inlet
shall be so located that it is, at all times, in fuB
view.
(2) Connection. Floor drains subject to back-
flow shall not be directly connected to the drain-
age system.
( 3) Provision for evaporation. Floor-drain trap
seals subject to evaporation shall be of the
deep-seal type or shall be fed from an approved
plumbing fixture or by means of an approved
automatic priming device designed and approved
for that purpose.
( 4) Size. Floor-drain traps and drains, installed
below a basement floor or underground, shall
be not less than 2 inches in diameter.
(5) Bell traps. Bell traps are prohibited.
(0 FROST PROTECTION. No soil or waste pipes
shall be installed or permitted outside of a building,
or concealed in outside walls or in any place where
they may be subjected to freezing temperatures, unless
adequate provision is made to protect them from frost.
31
Section 12. VENTS AND VENTING.
I..a) MATERIALS.
(1) V cnts. Pipe, tubing, and fittings for the
vent piping system shall comply with the pro-
visions in Section 3.
(2) Specific typc. Standards given in Table
3.5 apply to the specific materials approved for
the use and as indicated in the various para-
graphs in this Chapter as they apply to the vent-
ing system.
(3) Piping. Vent piping shall be of cast-iron,
galvanized wrought iron, galvanized steel, and
ferrous alloys, lead, brass, or copper pipe, or
copper tube.
(4) Underground. Vent piping placed under-
ground shall be cast-iron soil pipe; provided that
other materials may be used for underground
vents when approved and installed as directed
by the Administrative Authority. Where threaded
joints are approved for use underground, they
shall be coated and wrapped after installation
amI test.
(5) Fittings. Fittings shall conform to the type
of pipe used in the vent system as required by
Sub-Section (a) (2) and (a) (3).
(6) Acid system. Vent piping on acid-waste
systems shall conform to that required for acid-
waste pipe, except as may be approved by the
Administrative Authority.
(7) Other materials. Nothing in this section
shall be deemed to preclude the use of other
materials of equal or better quality when ap-
proved by the Administrative Authority.
(b) PHOTECTION OF TRAP SEALS.
( 1) The protection of trap seals from siphon-
age or back pressure shall be accomplished by the
appropriate use of soil or waste stacks, vents, re-
vents, back vents, loop vents, circuit or continu-
ous vents, or combinations thereof, installed in
accordance with the requirements of this Chap-
ter.
(c) VENT STACKS.
(1) Installation. A vent stack or a main vent
shall be installed with a soil or waste stack when-
ever back vents, relief vents, or other branch
vents are required in two or more branch in-
tervals.
(2) T crminal. The vent stack shall terminate
independently above the roof of the building or
shall be connected with the extension of the
soil or waste stack (stack vent) at least 6 inches
above the flood-level rim of the highest fixture.
(3) ,"fain stack. Every building in which
plumbing is installed shall have at least one
main stack, which shall run undiminished in
size and as directly as possible, from the build-
ing drain through to the open air above the roof.
(d) VENT TERMINALS.
(1) Roof extension. Extensions of vent pipes
through a roof shall be terminated at least 6
inches above it.
(2) Roof garden. Where a roof is to be used
for any purpose other than weather protection,
the vent extensions shall be run at least 6 feet
above the roof.
(3) Flashings. Each vent terminal shall be
made watertight with the roof by proper flashing.
(4) Flag 170ling. Vent terminals shall not be
used for the purpose of flag poling, aerials, or
similar purposes, except when the piping has
been anchored to the construction and approved
by the Administrative Authority.
( 5) Location of rent terminal. No vent terminal
from a drainage system shall be directly beneath
any door, window, or other ventilating opening
of the building or of an adjacent building nor
shall any such vent terminal be within 10 feet
horizontally of such an opening unless it is at
least 2 feet above the top of such opening.
(6) Extensions through wall. Vent terminals
extending through a wall, when approved by
the Administrative Authority, shall be at least
10 feet horizontally from any building line.
They shall be turned to provide an opening
downward. They shall be effectively screened
and shall meet the requirements of Sub-Section
(d) (3). Vent terminals shall not terminate
under the overhang of the building.
( 7) Extensions outside building. No soil, waste,
or vent pipe extension shall be run or placed on
the outside of a wall of any new building, but
shall be carried up inside the building except
that in those localities where the temperature
does not drop below 320 F., the Administrative
Authority may approve the installation outside
the building.
(8) Vent terminals of existing buildings. Where
a new building is higher than an adjacent exist-
ing building, the owner of the new building
shall defray the cost of complying with Sub-
Section (d) (5) as approved by the Adminis-
trative Authority.
(e) FHOST CLOSURE.
(1) Vent terminal. Where there is a possibility
of frost closure, the vent extension through a
roof shall be at least 3 inches in diameter.
'Vhen it is found necessarv to increase the size
of the vent terminal, the' change in diameter
shall be made inside the building.
32
(2) Increasers. Change in diameter of vent ter-
minals shall be made by use of a long increaser
at least 1 foot below the roof.
(0 VENT GRADES AND CONNECTIONS.
(1) Grade. All vent and branch-vent pipes
shall be so graded and connected as to drip back
to the soil or waste pipe by gravity.
(2) Vertical rise. Where vent pipes connect to
a horizontal soil or waste pipe, the vent shall
be taken off above the center line of the soil pipe,
and the vent pipe shall rise vertically, or at an
angle not more than 450 from the vertical, to a
point at least 6 inches above the flood-level rim
of the fixture it is venting before offsetting hori-
zontally or before connecting to the branch vent,
except as may be approved by the Administra-
tive Authority.
(3) Height above fixture. A connection be-
tween a vent pipe and a vent stack or stack-vent
shall be made at least 6 inches above the flood-
level rim of the highest fixture served by the
vent. Horizontal vent pipes forming branch
vents, relief vents, or loop vents shall be at least
6 inches above the flood-level rim of the highest
fixture served.
(g) SIDE-INLET. Side-inlet closet bends are per-
mitted only in cases where the fixture connecting
thereto is vented and in no case shall the inlet be used
to vent a bathroom group without being washed by a.
fixture.
(h) BARS AND SODA-FOUNTAIN SINKS.
( 1) Bar and fountain-sink traps. Sinks which
are part of the equipment of bars, soda fountains,
and counters when the locations and construc-
tion of such bars, soda fountains, and counters
are such as to make it impossible to vent them,
shall discharge into a floor sink or hopper which
is properly trapped and vented.
(2) Sumps. Sinks or sumps, receiving indirect
waste, shall be located in a properly lighted and
ventilated space.
(i) FIXTURES BACK-TO-BACK.
(1) Two fixtures set back-to-back, within the
distance allowed between a trap and its vent,
may be served with one continuous soil or waste-
vent pipe, provided that each fixture wastes sep-
arately into an approved double fitting having
inlet openings at the same level. (See Sub-Sec-
tion (k) (2).
(D FIXTURE VENTS.
( 1) Distance of trap from vent. Each fixture
ttap shall have a protecting vent so located that
the slope and the developed length in the fixture
drain from the trap weir to the vent fitting are
within the requirements set forth in Table
12.9.3.
(2) Trap-seal protection. The plumbing system
shall be provided with a system of vent piping
which will permit the admission or emission of
air so that under normal and intended use the
seal of any fixture trap shall not be subjected to
a pressure differential of more than 1 inch of
water.
(3) TABLE 12.9.3. Distance of Fixture Trap from Vent
Size of fixture drain
Distance trap to vent
Inches
Pf4
PIz
2
3
4
2'6"
3'6"
5'0"
6'0"
10'0"
(4) Trap dip. The vent pipe openings from a
soil or waste pipe, except for water closets and
similar fixtures, shall not be below the dip of
the trap.
(5) Crown vent. No back vent shall be in-
stalled within two pipe diameters of the trap weir.
(k) COMMON VENT.
(1) Individual vent. An individual vent, in-
stalled vertically, may be used as a common vent
for two fixture traps when botlr fixture drains
connect with a vertical drain at the same level.
(2) Common vent. A common vent may be
used for two fixtures set on the same floor level
but connecting at different levels in the stack,
provided the vertical drain is one pipe diameter
larger than the upper fixture drain but in no
case smaller than the lower fixture drain, which-
ever is the larger and that both drains conform to
Table 12.9.3.
(1) VENTS FOR FIXTURE TRAP BELOW TRAP
DIP.
(1) Hydraulic gradient. Fixture drains shall be
vented within the hydraulic gradient between the
trap outlet and vent connection, but in no case
shall the unvented drain exceed the distance
provided for in Table 12.9.3.
(2) Different levels. If any stack has fixtures
entering at different levels, the fixtures other
than the fixture entering at the highest level
shall be vented, except as may be permitted in
other sections of this Chapter.
33
(m) WET VENTING.
( 1) Single bathroom groups. A single bathroom
group of fixtures may be installed with the drain
from a back-vented lavatory, kitchen sink, or
combination fixture serving as a wet vent for a
bathtub or shower stall and for the water closet,
provided that:
a. Not more than one fixture unit is drained
into a 1112 inch diameter wet vent or not more
than four fixture units drain into a 2 inch
diameter wet vent.
b. The horizontal branch connects to the stack
at the same level as the water-closet drain or
below the water-closet drain when installed
on the top floor. It may also connect to the
water-closet bend.
(2) Double bath. Bathroom groups back-to-
back on top floor consisting of two lavatories and
two bathtubs, or shower stalls, may be installed
on the same horizontal branch with a common
vent for the lavatories and with no back vent for
the bathtubs or shower stalls, and for the water
closets, provided the wet vent is 2 inches in
diameter, and the length of the fixture drain
conforms to Table 12.9.3.
(3) Multistory bathroom groups. On the lower
floors of a multistory building, the waste pipe
from one or two lavatories may be used as a
wet vent for one or two bathtubs or showers, pro-
vided that:
a. The wet vent and its extension to the vent
stack is 2 inches in diameter.
b. Each water closet below the top floor is
individually back vented.
c. The vent stack is sized as given in Table
12.12.3c.
TABLE 12.12.3c Size of Vent Stacks
Number of wet-vented fixtures
Diameter of vent stacks
Inches
1 or 2 bathtubs or showers
3 to 5 bathtubs or showers
6 to 9 bathtubs or showers
10 to 16 bathtubs or showers
2
21;2
3
4
( 4) Exception. In multistory bathroom groups,
wet vented in accordance with Sub-Section (1)
( 3 ), the water closets below the top floor need
not be individually vented if the 2-inch waste
connects directly into the water-closet bend at a
450 angle to the horizontal portion of the bend
in the direction of flow.
(n) STACK VENTING.
(1) One-bathroom-group. Except as indicated
in Sub-Section (n) (2), a group of fixtures,
consisting of one bathroom group and a kitchen
sink or combination fixture, may be installed
without individual fixture vents, in a one-story
building, or on the top floor of a building, pro-
vided each fixture drain connects independently
to the stack and the water closet and bathtub,
or shower-stall drain enters the stack at the same
level and in accordance with the requirements
in Table 12.9.3.
(2) Oversized sewers. When a sink or combi-
nation fixture connects to the stack-vented
bathroom group, and when the street sewer is
sufficiently overloaded to cause frequent sub-
mersion of the building sewer, a relief vent or
back-vented fixture shall be connected to the
stack below the stack-vented water closet or bath-
tub.
(0) INDIVIDUAL FIXTURE REVENTING.
( 1) Horizontal branches. One sink and one
lavatory, or three lavatories within 8 feet de-
veloped length of a main-vented line may be in-
stalled on a 2-inch horizontal waste branch with-
out reventing, provided the branch is not less
than 2 inches in diameter throughout its length,
and provided the wastes are connected into the
side of the branch and the branch leads to its
stack connection with a pitch of not more than
1;4 inch per foot.
(2) Where required. When fixtures other than
water closets discharge downstream from a water
closet, each fixture connecting downstream shall
be individually vented.
(3) Limits of fixture units above bathtubs and
water closets. A fixture or combination of fix-
tures whose total discharge rating is not more
than 3 fixture units, may discharge into a stack
not less than 3 inches in diameter without re-
venting, provided such fixture connections are
made above the connection to the highest water
closet, or bathtub tee-wye, the fixture-unit rating
of the stack is not otherwise exceeded, and their
waste piping is installed as otherwise required in
Sub-Section (0) (1).
(p) CIRCUIT AND LOOP VENTING.
( 1) Battery venting. A branch soil or waste
pipe to which two, but not more than eight,
water closets (except blow-out type), pedestal
m:inals, trap standard to floor, shower stalls, or
floor drains are connected in battery, shall be
vented by a circuit or loop vent which shall take
off in front of the last fixture connection. In
addition, lower-floor brapches serving more than
three water closets shall be provided with a re-
34
lief vent taken off in front of the first fixture
connection. \Vhen lavatories or similar fixtures
discharge above such branches, each vertical
branch shall be provided with a continuous vent.
(2) Dual branches. When parallel horizontal
branches serve a total of 8 water closets (four on
each branch), each branch shall be provided
with a relief vent at a point between the two most
distant water closets. When other fixtures (than
water closets) discharge above the horizontal
branch, each such fixture shall be vented.
(3) Vent connections. \Vhen the circuit, loop,
or relief vent connections are taken off the hori-
zontal branch, the vent branch connection shall
be taken off at a vertical angle or from the top
of the horizontal branch.
(4) Fixturcs back-to-back in battery. When fix-
tures are connected to one horizontal branch
through a double wye or a sanitary tee in a ver-
tical position, a common vent for each two fix-
tures back-to-back or double connection shall be
provided. The common vent shall be installed
in a vertical position as a continuation of the
double connection.
(q) PNEUMATIC EJECTORS. Relief vents from a
pneumatic ejector shall not be connected to a fixture-
branch vent but shall be carried separately to a main
vent or stack-vent or to the open air.
(r) RELIEF VENT. Soil and waste stacks in build-
ings having more than 10 branch intervals shall be pro-
vided with a relief vent at each tenth interval in-
stalled, beginning with the top floor. The size of the
relief vent shall be equal to the size of the vent stack
to which it connects. The lower end of each relief
vent shall connect to the soil or waste stack through
a wye below the horizontal branch serving the floor
and the upper end shall connect to the vent stack
through a wye not less than 3 feet above the floor
level.
(s) OFFSETS AT AN ANGLE LESS THAN 45?
FROI\I THE HORIZONTAL IN BUILDINGS OF
FIVE OR MORE STORIES.
( 1) Offset vents. Offsets less than 450 from
the horizontal, in a soil or waste stack, except as
permitted in Section 11, Sub-Section (0, shall
comply with Sub-Section (s) (2) and (s) (3).
(2) Separate venting. Such offsets may be
vented as two separate soil or waste stacks, name-
ly, the stack section below the offset and the
stack section above the offset.
(3) Offset reliefs. Such offsets may be vented
by installing a relief vent as a vertical continu-
ation of the lower section of the stack or as a
side vent connected to the lower section between
the offset and the next lower fixture or hori-
zontal branch. The upper section of the offset
shall be provided with a yoke vent. The diameter
of the vents shall not be less than the diameter
of the main vent, or of the soil and waste stack,
whichever is the smaller.
(t) MAIN VENTS TO CONNECT AT BASE. All
mam vents or vent stacks shall connect full size at
their base to the building drain or to the main soil or
waste pipe, at or below the lowest fixture branch. All
vent pipes shall extend undiminished in size above the
roof, or shall be reconnected with the main soil or
waste vent.
( u) VENT HEADERS. Connections of Vents. Stack-
vents and vent stacks may be connected into a com-
mon vent header at the top of the stacks and then
extended to the open air at one point. This header
shall be sized in accordance with the requirements of
Table 12.21.5, the number of units being the sum
of all units on all stacks connected thereto and the
developed length being the longest vent length from
the intersection at the base of the most distant stack
to the vent terminal in the open air as a direct ex-
tension of one stack.
( v) SIZE AND LENGTH OF VENTS.
(1) Length of vent stacks. The length of the
vent stack or main vent shall be its developed
length from the lowest connection of the vent
system with the soil stack, waste stack, or build-
ing drain to the vent stack terminal, if it termi-
nates separately in the open air, or to the con-
nection of the vent stack with the stack-vent,
plus the developed length of the stack-vent from
the connection to the terminal in the open air if
the two vents are cosnected together with a sin-
gle extension to the open air.
(2) Size of individual vcnts. The diameter of
an individual vent shall be not less than 1114
inches nor less than une-half the diameter of the
drain to which it is connected.
(3) Size of relief vcnt. The diameter of a re-
lief vent shall be not less than one-half the
diameter of the soil or waste branch to which it
is connected.
( 4) Size of circuit or loop rent. The diameter
of a circuit or loop vent shall be not less than
one-half the size of the diameter of the hori-
zontal soil or waste branch or the diameter of
the vent stack, whichever is smaller.
( 5) Size of vent piping. The nominal size of
vent piping shall be determined from its length
and the total of fixture units connected thereto,
as provided in Table 12.21.5. Twenty percent
of the total length may be installed in a hori-
zontal position.
35
CHAPTER VIII
Table 12.21.5 Size and Length of Vents
Size of Fixture Diameter of Vent required (inches)
soil or units lVi 1% 2 2V2
waste con- 3 4 5 6 8
stack nected Maximum length of vent (feet)
Inches
lVi 2 30
Ph 8 50 150
IV2 10 30 100
2 12 30 75 200
2 20 26 50 150
2% 42 30 100 300
3 10 30 100 200 600
3 30 60 200 500
3 60 50 80 400
4 100 35 100 260 1000
4 200 30 90 250 900
4 500 20 70 180 700
5 200 35 80 350 1000
5 500 30 70 300 900
5 llOO 20 50 200 700
6 350 25 50 200 400 1300
6 620 IS 30 125 300 llOO
6 960 24 100 250 1000
6 1900 20 70 200 700
8 600 50 150 500 1300
8 1400 40 100 400 1200
8 2200 30 80 350 1100
8 3600 25 60 250 800
10 1000 75 125 1000
10 2500 50 100 500
10 3800 30 80 350
10 5600 25 60 250
(w) COMBINA nON W ASTE-AND-VENT
SYSTEM.
( 1) Where permitted. A combination waste-
and-vent system shall be permitted only by ap-
proval of the Administrative Authority and only
where structural conditions preclude the installa-
tion of conventional system as otherwise pro-
vided in this Chapter.
(2) Limits. A combination waste-and-vent sys-
tem is limited to floor drains and sinks. It con-
sists of an installation of waste piping in which
the trap of the fixture is not individually vented.
Every waste pipe and trap in the system shall
be at least 2 pipe sizes larger than the size re-
quired in Section II.
Section 13. STORM DRAINS.
(a) GENERAL.
( 1) Drainage required. Roofs, paved areas,
yards, courts, and courtyards, shall be drained
into a storm-sewer system or a combined-sewer
system where such systems are available.
(2) Prohibited drainage. Storm water shall not
be drained into sewers intended for sewage only.
(3) Traps. Leaders and storm drains, when
connected to a combined sewer, shall be trapped.
(4) Expansion joints. Expansion joints or
sleeves shall be provided where warranted by
temperature variations or physical conditions.
36
(5) Subsoil drains. Where subsoil drains arc
placed under the cellar or basement floor or are
used to surround the outer walls of a building,
they shall be made of open-jointed or horizontal-
ly split or perforated clay tile, or perforated
bituminized fiber pipe or asbestos cement pipe,
not less than 4 inches in diameter. When the
building is subject to backwater, the subsoil drain
shall be protected by an accessibly located back-
water valve. Subsoil drains may discharge into
a properly trapped area drain or sump. Such
sumps do not require vents.
(6) Subsoil drains. Subsoil drains located be-
low the public sewer level shall discharge into d
sump or receiving tank the contents of which
shall be automatically lifted and discharged into
the drainage system as required for building
sumps.
(b) MATEHIALS.
(1) Inside conductors. Conductors placed with-
in a building or run in a vent or pipe shaft shall
be of cast iron, galvanized steel, galvanized
wrought iron, galvanized ferrous alloys, brass,
copper, or lead.
(2) Outside leaders. When outside leaders are
of sheet metal and connected with a building
storm drain or storm sewer, they shall be con-
nected to a cast-iron drain extending above the
finish grade, or the sheet-metal leader shall be
protected against injury.
(3) Underground storm drains. Building storm
drains underground, inside the building, shall
be of cast iron soil pipe.
( 4) Building storm drains. Building storm
drains underground, inside the building, when
not connected with a sanitary or combined sewer
shall be of cast-iron soil pipe or ferrous-alloy
piping except that when approved by the Ad-
ministrative Authority, vitrified-clay pipe, con-
crete pipe, bituminized-fiber pipe and asbestos-
cement pipe, may be used.
(5) Building storm sewers. The building storm
sewer shall be of cast-iron soil pipe, vitrified-
clay pipe, concrete pipe, bituminized-fiber pipe,
or asbestos-cement pipe.
(c) TRAPS.
(1) Main Trap. Individual storm-water traps
shall be installed on the storm-water drain branch
serving each conductor, or a single trap shall be
installed in the main storm drain just before its
connection with the combined building sewer,
main drain, or public sewer.
(2) Material. Storm-water traps, when re-
quired, shall be of cast iron.
---'
(3) No traps shall be required for storm-water
drains which are connected to a sewer carrying
storm water exclusively.
( 4) Traps for individual conductors shall be
the same size as the horizontal drain to which
they arc connected.
( 5) Conductor traps shall be so located that an
accessible cleanout may be installed on the build-
ing side of the trap.
(d) CONDUCTORS AND CONNECTIONS.
( 1) Conductor pipes shall not be used as soil,
waste, or vent pipes, nor shall soil, waste, or
vent pipes be used as conductors.
(2) Rain-water conductors installed along alley
ways, driveways, or other locations where they
may be exposed to damage shall be protected by
metal guards, recessed into the wall, or construc-
ted from ferrous alloy pipe.
(3) Combining storm with sanitary drainage.
The sanitary and storm-drainage system of a
building shall be entirely separate, except that
where a combined sewer is available the building
storm drain may be connected in the same hori-
zontal plane through a single Y fitting to the
combined drain or sewer at least 10 feet down-
stream from any branch to the building drain
or from any soil stack.
(4) Double connections of storm drains. Where
the sanitary and storm drains are connected on
both sides of the combined sewer, single Y's shall
be used and the requirements of Sub-Section (a)
(3), relative to the location of connections, shall
also apply. .
( 5) Floor drains connected to a storm drain
shall be trapped.
(e) ROOF DRAINS.
(1) Material. Roof drains shall be of cast iron,
copper, lead, or other acceptable corrosion-re-
sisting material.
(2) Strainers. All roof areas, except those drain-
ing to hanging gutters, shall be equipped with
roof drains having strainers extending not less
than 4 inches above the surface of the roof im-
mediately adjacent to the roof drain. Strainers
shall have an available inlet area, above roof
level, of not less than 1-1;2 times the area of the
conductor or leader to which the drain is con-
nected.
(3) Flat Decks. Roof drain strainers for use on
sun decks, parking decks, and similar areas,
normally serviced and maintained, may be of the
flat surface type; level with the deck and shall
have an available inlet area not less than 2 times
the area of the conductor or leader to which the
drain is connected.
37
(4) Roof Drain Flashings. The connection be-
tween roofs and roof drains which pass through
the roof and into the interior of the building
shall be made watertight by the use of proper
flashing material.
(0 SIZE OF LEADERS AND STORM DRAINS.
( 1 ) Vertical leaders shall be sized on the maxi-
mum projected roof area, according to the follow-
ing table:
TABLE Cf) 1 Size of Vertical Leaders
Size of leader of conductor'
Maximum projected roof area
Inches
2
2-1/1
3
4
5
6
8
Square feet
720
1,300
2,200
4,600
8,650
13,500
29,000
I The equivalent diameter of square or rectangular leader may
be takcn as the diameter of that circle which may be inscribed
within the cross-sectional area of the leader.
NOTE: See footnote of Table CO 2
(2) Building storm drain. The size of the
building-storm drain or any of its horizontal
branches having a slope of 1/1 inch or less per
foot, shall be based upon the maximum projected
roof area to be handled according to the follow-
ing table:
TABLE C f) 2 Size of Horizontal Storm Drains
Diametcr of Maximum Projected Roof Area for Drains of
Drain Various Slopes
1/8 in. slope 1/ 4 in. slope 1/2 in. slope
3 822 sq. ft. 1,160 sq. ft. 1,644 sq. ft.
4 1,880 sq. ft. 2,650 sq. ft. 3,760 sq. ft.
S 3,340 sq. ft. 4,720 sq. ft. 6,680 sq. ft.
6 5,350 sq. ft. 7,550 sq. ft. ID,700 sq. ft.
8 11,500 sq. ft. 16,300 sq. ft. 23,000 sq. ft.
10 20,700 sq. ft. 29,200 sq. ft. 41,400 sq. ft.
12 33,300 sq. ft. 47,000 sq. ft. 66,600 sq. ft.
15 59,500 sq. ft. 84,000 sq. ft. 119,000 sq. ft.
Tables (f) I and CO 2 are based upon a maximum rate
of rainfall of 4 inches per hour. If in any state, city, or other
political subdivision, the maximum rate of rainfall is more
or less than 4 inches per hour, then the figures for roof area
must be adjusted proportionately by multiplying that figure
by 4 and dividing by the maximum rate of rainfall in inches
per hour.
(3) Roof gutters. The size of semicircular gut-
ters shall be based on the maximum projected
roof area, according to the following table:
TABLE (f) 3 Size of Gutters
Diameter of Maximum Projected Roof Area for Gutters of
Gutter Various Slopes
Equivalent
Cr?ss- 1/16" SlopeI/8" Slope 1/4" Slope 1/2" Slope
Sectional
Area
Inches Sq. Feet Sq. Feet Sq. Feet Sq. Feet
3 170 240 340 480
4 360 510 720 1,020
5 625 880 1,250 1,770
6 960 1,360 1,920 2,770
7 1,380 1,950 2,760 3,900
8 1,990 2,800 3,980 5,600
10 3,600 5,100 7,200 10,000
(g) SIZE OF COMBINED DRAINS AND SEWERS.
(1) Conversion of roof a;:ea to fixture units of
storm drains may be connected to a combined
sewer. The drainage area may be converted to
equivalent fixture unit loads.
(2) When the total fixture unit load on the
combined drain is less than 256 fixture units,
the equivalent drainage area in horizontal pro-
jection shall be taken as 1,000 square feet.
(3) When the total fixture-unit load exceeds
256 fixture units, each fixture unit shall be con-
sidered the equivalent of 3.9 square feet of
drainage area.
( 4) If the rainfall to be provided for is more
or less than 4 inches per hour, the 1,000 square
foot equivalent in Sub-Section (g) (2) and the
the 3.9 in Sub-Section (g) (3) shall be adjusted
by multiplying by 4 and dividing by the rainfall
in inches per hour to be provided for.
(h) VALUES FOR CONTINUOUS FLOW. Where
there is a continuous or semicontinuous discharge
into the building storm drain or building storm
sewer, as from a pump, ejector, air-conditioning
plant, or similar device, each gallon per minute
of such discharge shall be computed as being
equivalent to 24 square feet of roof area, based
upon a 4-inch rainfall.
Section 14. INSPECTION, TESTS, AND
MAINTENANCE.
(a) INSPECTIONS. All new plumbing work, and
such portions of existing systems as may be affected
by new work or any changes, shall be inspected to
insure compliance with all the requirements of this
Chapter and to assure that the installation and con-
struction of the plumbing system is in accordance with
approved plans.
38
(b) NOTIFICATION.
(1) Advance notice. It shall be the duty of the
plumber to give a notice to the Administrative
Authority when plumbing work is ready for test
o_r inspection.
(2) Plumber's responsibility. It shall be the
duty of the plumber to make sure that the work
wiII stand the test prescribed before giving the
notification
(3) Retesting. If the Administrative Authority
finds that the work wiII not pass the test, the
plumber shall be required to make necessary cor-
rections and the work shall then be resubmitted
for test or inspection.
(4) Test. Tests shall be conducted in the pres-
ence of an inspector representing the Administra-
tive Authority.
(c) PLUMBING PLANS. All plans and specifica-
tions required to be submitted shall be examined for
acceptability under the provisions of this Chapter.
(d) VIOLATIONS. Notices of violations shall be
written and mailed or delivered by the Administrative
Authority to the person responsible at the time inspec-
tion was made.
(e) REINSPECTION. Reinspections of plumbing in-
stallations or any part thereof shall be made when
deemed necessary by the administrative Authority.
(0 COVERING OF WORK.
( 1) Requirements. No drainage or plumbing
system or part thereof shall be covered until it
has been inspected, tested, and accepted as pre-
scribed in this Chapter.
(2) Uncovering. If any building drain or
plumbing system or part thereof which is in-
stalled, altered, or repaired, is covered before
being inspected, tested, and approved, as pre-
scribed in this Chapter, it shall be uncovered for
inspection after notice to uncover the work has
been issued to the responsible person by the Ad-
ministrative Authority.
(g) MATERIAL AND LABOR FOR TESTS. The
equipment, material and labor necessary for inspection
or tests shall be furnished by the person to whom the
permit is issued or by whom inspection is requested.
(h) TESTS OF DRAINAGE AND VENT SYS-
TEMS. The piping of the plumbing, drainage and
venting systems shall be tested with water or air. After
the plumbing fixtures have been set and their traps
filled with water, the entire drainage system shall be
submitted to a final test. The Administrative Author-
ity may require the removal of any cleanouts, to as-
certain if the pressure has reached all parts of the
system.
(i) METHODS OF TESTING DRAINAGE AND
VENT SYSTEMS.
( 1 ) Water test. The water test shall be applied
to the drainage system either in its entirety or
in sections. If applied to the entire system, all
openings in the piping shall be tightly closed,
except the highest opening, and the system filled
with water to point of overflow. If the system
is tested in sections, each opening shall be tightly
plugged except the highest opening of the section
under test, and each section shall be filled with
water, but no section shall be tested with less
than a 1 a-foot head of water. In testing succes-
sive sections at least the upper 1 a feet of the
next preceding section shall be tested, so that no
joint or pipe in the building (except the upper-
most 1 a feet of the system) shall have been sub-
mitted to a test of less than a 1 a-foot head of
water. The water shall be kept in the system,
or in the portion under test, for at least 1 5 min-
utes before inspection starts; the system shall
then be tight at all points.
(2) Air test. The air test shall be made by
attaching an air compressor testing apparatus to
any suitable opening, and, after closing all other
inlets and .outlets to the system, forcing air into
the system until there is a uniform gage pressure
of 5 pounds per square inch, or sufficient to
balance a column of mercury 1 a inches in height.
This pressure shall be held without introduction
of additional air for a period of at least 15
minutes.
(3) Final test. The final test @f the completed
drainage and vent system may be either a smoke
test or a peppermint test. \Vhere the smoke test is
preferred, it shall be made by filling all traps
with water and then introducing into the entire
system a pungent, thick smoke produced by one
or more smoke machines. \Vhen the smoke ap-
pears at the stack openings on the roof, they shall
be closed and a pressure equivalent to a I-inch
water column shall be built and maintained for
IS minutes before inspection starts. \Vhere the
peppermint test is preferred, 2 ounces of oil of
peppermint shall be introduced for each line or
stack.
(D BUILDING SEWER.
( 1) Test required. Building sewers shall be
tested.
(2) Method. Test shall consist of plugging end
of building sewer at point of connection with
the public sewer and filling the building sewer
with water and testing with not less than a I a-
foot head of water, or a flow test, as provided by
the Administrative Authority may be substituted.
39
(k) INSPECTION AND TEST NOT REQUIHED.
;'\0 test or inspection shall be required where a plumb-
ing system, or part thereof, is set up for exhibition pur-
poses and has no connection with a water or drainage
system.
(I) TEST OF WATER-SUPPLY SYSTEM. Upon
completion of a section or of the entire water-supply
system, it shall be tested and proved tight under a
water pressure not less than the working pressure under
which it is to be used. The water used for tests shall
be obtained from a potable source of supply.
(m) TEST OF INTERIOR LEADERS OR DOWN-
SPOUTS. Leaders or downspouts and branches with-
in a building shall be tested by water or air in accord-
ance with Sub-Section (i) (I) or (i) (2).
(n) CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL. Upon the sat-
isfactory completion and final test of the plumbing
system, a certificate of approval shall be issued by the
Administrative Authority to the plumber to be de-
livered to the owner.
(0) DEFECTIVE PLUMBING. Wherever there is
reason to believe that the plumbing system of any
building has become defective, it shall be subjected to
test or inspection and any defects found shall be cor-
rected as required in writing by the Administrative
Authority.
(p) MAINTENANCE. The plumbing and drainage
system of any premises under the jurisdiction of the
Administrative Authority shall be maintained in a
sanitary and safe operating condition by the owner
or his agent.
Section 15. TRAILER COACH PLUMBING
STANDARDS.
(a) DEFINITIONS.
( 1) Definitions of terms as defined in Section 1
shall apply except as otherwise specifically pro-
vided in this Section.
(2) Trailer coach shall mean a self-contained
unit designed for the shelter of one or more
persons as a residence or for other use as per-
mitted by the ,\dministrative Authority for the
serving of drinks, food or as a comfort station
and which can readily be moved or transported
from one locality to another on its wheels and
which is provided with plumbing facilities.
( 3) Sewer cO/lIlectioll is that portion of the
drainage piping which extends as a single termi-
nal under the trailer for connecting with the
trailer park drainage system.
( 4) 'Vater-service cmlnection is that portion of
the water-supply piping which extends as a single
terminal under the trailer for connection with
the trailer park water-supply system.
(5) Draillage system means and includes all the
piping within or attached to the trailer which
conveys sewage or other liquid wastes to and in-
cluding the sewer connection.
( 6) Left side of trailer is defined as the side
farthest from the curb when the trailer is being
towed or in transit.
(b) GENERAL REGULATIONS.
(I) Plumbing systems. Plumbing systems in-
cluding repairs and additions, hereafter installed
shall conform with the provisions of this Section.
(2) Horizontal drainage piping. Horizontal
drainage piping shall be run in practical align-
ment at a uniform grade. (See Section 12 for
specific slopes.)
(3) Obstruction to flow. Any fitting, or con-
nection which has an enlargement, chamber, or
recess with a ledge, shoulder or reduction of
the pipe area, that offers an obstruction to flow
through the drain, or any fitting, trap, or con-
nection that offers abnormal obstruction to flow,
is prohibited.
( 4) Supports. Piping shall be securely sup-
ported to keep it in alignment without undue
strains, or stresses, and provisions shall be made
for expansion and contraction during travel.
(5) Freezing. All piping and fixtures which
would be subject to freezing temperatures when
traveling through cold climates, shall be insu-
lated to preclude the possibility of freczing.
( 6) W orhmanship shall be of such character
as to accomplish the results sought to be ob-
tained in this Section.
( 7) Light and ventilation. \Vater-closet com-
partments shall be provided with adequate light
and ventilation.
(8) Ratproofing. All openings through which
piping or other conduits pass through floors or
walls shall be properly sealed with permanently
attached collars of metal or other material that
will prevent the passage of rats or other vermin.
e 9) Equipment condemned. Plumbing equip-
ment condemned by the proper Administrative
Authority because of wear, damage, or defects
as a sanitary or safety hazard, shall not be re-
used.
( 10) Cont/ections to plumbing system. All
plumbing fixtures, drains, appurtenances, and
appliances used to receive or discharge liquid or
waterborne wastes shall be properly and individu-
ally connected by means of metal pipe or tubing
to the common outlet of the trailer-drainage
system.
(II) Sewer COIl1Icctioll. A watertight connec-
tion between the trailer-drainage systcm and the
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trailer-park sewer connedion shall be made by
means of a readily removable semirigid or flexible
connector acceptable to the Administrative Au-
thority.
(I 2) Location of piping or fixtures. Piping, fix-
tures or equipment shall be so located as not to
interfere with the normal operation of windows,
doors, or other exit openings. Operating devices
shall be accessible for repair or servicing.
(c) MATERIALS.
(I) Drainage and vent systems. Pipe and fit-
tings for the drainage and vent systems shall be
as provided in Section 3 of this Chapter and as
follows:
a. Copper tube with sweated joints, Type M.
b. Galvanized steel, galvanized wrought iron, or
galvanized ferrous alloy.
c. Lead pipe not less than % inch wall thick-
ness.
d. Fittings for the drainage system shall be
American National Taper Threads, recessed
type. Vent fittings may be galvanized, mallea-
ble, or cast iron. If lead is used, all joints
shall be wiped. Wiped joints shall have an
exposed surface on each side of the joint not
less than % inch and at least as thick as the
material being jointed.
(2 ) Water piping. Water piping shall be brass,
copper, wrought iron, open-hearth iron, steel or
copper tubing, Type L, with appropriate ap-
proved fittings. All ferrous pipe and fittings
shall be galvanized.
(3) Used materials are prohibited in the con-
struction or installation of the water-supply sys-
tem.
(d) FIXTURES.
(I) Quality of fixtures. All plumbing fixtures
shall be made of approved materials with smooth,
impervious surface.
(2) Trailer-coach fixtures. Plumbing fixtures
installed in the trailer shall be of materials that
will withstand road shock and be so attached to
the structure of the trailer as to be resistant to vi-
bration or settling.
(3) Resistance to shock. Resistance to shock
shall be determined by tests over a period of ac-
tual use of one year or by equivalent simulated
laboratory tests.
(4) Fixture traps. Each plumbing fixture shall
be provided with a trap containing not less than
2" water seal.
(5) Location of traps. Traps shall be so located
as to preclude the possibility of trap seal loss dur-
ing transportation or ordinary use.
--./
C 6 ) Water closets for trailers.
a. \Vater closets shall be constructed of such dur-
able materials as to be transported in trailers
over the highways without injury or impair
their capacity to operate.
b. Water closets shall not permit the spillage of
trap seal contents during transit and shall
perform in a sanitary manner.
c. It should not be possible to flush a water clos-
et except when trailer is connected at a trailer
camp to a water supply and sewage-disposal
system.
d. Each water closet shall be provided with ap-
proved back flow or vacuum breaker device to
prevent contamination of the potable water
system.
e. Water closets shall be provided with a water
supply adequate to thoroughly cleanse the in-
terior of the water closet when the valve is op-
erated.
(e)
DRAINAGE PIPING.
(I) Installation. Horizontal piping shall be in-
stalled at a uniform slope and in no case less than
Y8 inch per foot slope.
(2) The size of soil and waste piping shall be in
accordance with the following Tables:
TABLE T.C.5.3 MINIMUM SIZE
Main soil stack from sewer connection through
roof of trailer
More than six fixture units connected to stack
Six fixture units or less connected to the stack
Lavatory branch waste and trap
Sink branch waste and trap
Shower branch waste and trap
Bath branch waste and trap
Water closet branch waste four unit type
Watcr closet branch waste two unit type
Inches
3"
2"
114"
} 1/2 "
172"
1%"
3"
172"
TABLE T.C.5.3 TRAILER FIXTURE UNIT
RATINGS
Fixture units
Water closet with 3" integral traps 4 units
Water closet with separate traps 3 units
Water closet - grinder type - with 1 'l2" trap 2 units
Lavatory with less than 1 'Is" outlet 1 unit
Sink with less than 1 'Is" outlet 1 unit
Sink with larger outlets 2 units
Shower with less than 2" outlet 2 units
Shower with more than 2" outlet 3 units
Bathtub with less than 2" outlet 2 units
(3) Trailer-drain outlet. Trailer-drain outlet of
trailers shall terminate on the road side of the
trailer at rear of wheel housing and be visible
from the side of the trailer when in transit. Each
outlet shall be provided with a tight cap or plug
for closure when not connected to a sewer. The
cap or plug shall be permanently affixed to the
trailer body.
4]
( 4) Group venting. A group of fixtures consist-
ing of one water closet, or shower or bathtub, one
lavatory, and a kitchen sink may be installed
without individual fixture vents and as a stack-
vented group. Each fixture branch shall be in-
stalled within the limits as given in Table
T.C.5.6.
TABLE T.C.5.6
Maximum Length of Unvented Branch Waste
Size of Waste Pipe Permissible Length
Inches Feet
3 6'0"
2 5'0"
1 V2 4'6"
1 ~ 4'6"
( 5) Fixture branches. Fixture-branch connec-
tions at the stack shall be made by the use of sani-
tary tees and the bral}ch drain shall be sloped not
more than ~ inch per feet.
(6 ) Wet-vented fixtures. A single bathroom
group of fixtures may be installed with a drain
from a back-vented lavatory or kitchen sink as a
wet vent for a shower stall or bathtub and for
the water closet, provided that:
a. A wet vent for a shower or bathtub is wet
vented through a 11/2 inch branch waste when
only a lavatory is installed on the branch.
b. A wet vent for a shower or bathtub is wet
vented through a 2-inch branch waste when
a lavatory and a sink are installed on the
branch.
(0 VENT TERMINALS.
( 1) Location of V ent Terminal. Each stack
vent shall terminate at least 2 inches above the
trailer roof and shall be made watertight by pro-
per flashing.
(g) INSPECTION, TESTS, and MAINTENANCE.
All plumbing work installed in trailers shall con-
form with all the requirements of this section.
(1) Hydrostatic test. Drainage piping shall be
tested and proved tight prior to the installation
of the plumbing fixtures under a hydrostatic pres-
sure of not less than 25 Ibs., and all water piping
shall be tested to 100 Ibs.
(2) Air-and/or chemical test. \Vhen fixtures
have been set and connected, the system shall
then be subjected to an additional air or chemical
test of at least 1 inch of water.
(h) AIR GAPS.
( 1) Each fixture shall be provided with an air
gap between the lowest opening from any pipe
or faucet supplying water to a plumbing fixture
and the flood-level rim of such fixture.
(2) The mllllmum required air gap shall be
measured vertically from the end of the faucet or
orifice in accordance with Sub-Section (h) (3).
(3) Lavatory with effective openings not greater
than liz-inch in diameter shall be provided with
a I-inch minimum air gap.
( 4) Other fixtures with effective openings equal
to these indicated in Sub-Section (i) (3) and
when not affected by near vertical surfaces shall
be not less than 2 inches; where affected by near
vertical surfaces shall be not less than 3 inches.
\Vater closets may be provided with approved vac-
uum breakers or backflow preventers in lieu of
air gaps.
Vacuum breaker shall be installed on the dis-
charge side of the supply valve and shall be lo-
cated not less than 6 inches above the flood level
of the fixture.
( 5) Vacuum breakers or backflow preventers
shall be made of corrosion-resistant materials of
design and proportions which will not deteriorate
or deform under reasonable service conditions.
(6) Vacuum breakers or back flow preventers
shall have been tested and approved to meet test
and performance as required for backflow pre-
venters ASA A40.6.
(0 WATER-SUPPLY SYSTEM.
(1) Service connection. \Vater-piping connec-
tion shall be not less than %-inch from which llr
inch individual fixture branches shall be run to
each plumbing fixture and water heater.
(2) Emptying of water-piping system. The wa-
ter-piping system in the trailer for both hot and
cold water shall automatically drain out upon dis-
connecting with the source of supply at the trail-
er park.
(3) Location of service cOlmections. Each trail-
er shall be provided with a water-service connec-
tion located at the rear of the trailer, and shall
be provided with cap and chain.
(4) Separation. The minimum distance be-
tween the sewer connection and the water con-
nection of a trailer shall be five feet.
(5) Emergency disconnection. The physical
connection between the trailer and the trailer
park shall be so arranged as to be able to readily
disconnect manually or automatically pull out
when an emergency, such as fire, occurs.
(D TERMINALS.
( 1) Sewer and water terminals shall be capped
or plugged when the trailer is transported on the
highways.
(2) Both connections shall be visible at the
rear and side of the trailer coach when the trailer
is transported on the highways.
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(k) HOT WATER.
( 1) Where hot water piping is provided, the
trailer shall be provided with an approved type
automatic water heater of nQt less than S-galloll
storage capacity.
(0 SAFETY DEVICES.
(1) Standards. Each water heater shall be pro-
vided with a combination pressure-and-tempera-
ture relief valve which has been tested and ap-
proved or which meets the specification require-
ments of the American Gas Association or the
-..
National Board of Casualty and Surety Under-
writers.
(2) Relief Valres. Relief valves shall be install-
ed not more than 4 inches from the top of the
water heater.
(3) Emptying. Each tank shaH be provided
with a piped and valved outlet so that it can
readily be emptied to the exterior of the trailer.
(4) Water-working pressures for tanks. Hot wa-
ter tanks shall be tested for not less than 300 lbs.
hydrostatic test.
The Sections of this Chapter
were adopted by the State Board
of Health in executive session on
April 8, 1956 to be effective from
that date.
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