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Resolution 065-20201 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA BOARD OF COUNTY COMNIISSIO? RESOLUTION NO. 065 -2020 A RESLOUTION OF THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA ADOPTING THE MONROE COUNTY REPETITIVE LOSS AREA ANALYSIS AS REQUIRED TO ADVANCE IN THE COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM. WHEREAS, Monroe County is currently a participating community in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP); and WHEREAS, Monroe County became eligible and entered the NFIP Community Rating System (CRS) in 2016; and; WHEREAS, Monroe County's voluntary participation in the NFIP's Community Rating System (CRS) provides residents of unincorporated Monroe County with a 25% discount on a standard NFIP flood insurance policy in the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA); and WHEREAS, each improvement in CRS Class rating (starting from a Class 10) translates into a 5% premium discount on qualifying NFIP policy -holders within the SFHA, meaning that a CRS Class 4 status makes qualified policy-t within the community eligible for a 30% total premium discount; and WHEREAS, Monroe. County is currently rated as a CRS Class 5% community and achieving CRS Class 4 status would result in an additional 5% discount for qualified policy- holders within the SFHA; and WHEREAS, the Monroe County Commission supports the goal of a CRS Repetitive Loss Area Analysis to provide guidance on how to reduce damage from repetitive flooding and outlining appropriate mitigation measures; NOW THREFORE BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA: Page 1 of 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18' 19 21 22 Z3 24 25 26 27 Section 1. The Board hereby adopts the Monroe County Repetitive Loss Area Analysis, a copy of which is attached hereto. Section 2. This Resolution shall become effective immediately upon adoption PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Board of County Commissioners of Monroe County, Florida, at a regular meeting of the Board held on the 190` day of February 2020. A Mayor Heather Carruthers Yes Mayor Pro Tem Michelle Coldiron Yes Commissioner Craig Cates Yes Commissioner David Rice Yes Commissioner Sylvia Murphy Yes BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA y BY f Mayor Heathekarri&Vers MADOK, CLERK By Deputy Clerk Page 2 of 2 t�Al .. COUI N ? Ai�P J%T T. MLL1 ASSIS"FANT NTY ATTORMiiT Deft, �`t�� r ii v �Z X c-; C" CZ) Y .;v M N g • ff1� Q Monroe County Repetitive Loss Area Analysis February 1, 2020 OLORI LEHR INC. Repetitive Loss Area Analysis Monroe County, Florida ExecutiveSummary........................................................................................................................ 2 Chapter1. Introduction................................................................................................................... 5 Background................................................................................................................................. 5 RepetitiveLoss Areas................................................................................................................. 6 TheProcess................................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 2. The Flood Problem...................................................................................................... 10 HistoricalFloods....................................................................................................................... 10 Hurricane Irma, September 2017.............................................................................................. 14 FutureFlooding......................................................................................................................... 16 Impactof Flooding.................................................................................................................... 16 ProblemStatement.................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 3. Mitigation Measures.................................................................................................... 20 StructuralProjects..................................................................................................................... 20 BeachStructures................................................................................................................... 20 Seawalls................................................................................................................................ 22 BeachNourishment............................................................................................................... 22 Natural Resource Protection................................................................................................. 24 DrainageImprovements........................................................................................................ 24 NonstructuralProjects............................................................................................................... 26 MitigationFunding............................................................................................................... 26 Acquisition............................................................................................................................ 30 Elevation............................................................................................................................... 31 MitigationReconstruction.................................................................................................... 33 Barriers.................................................................................................................................. 33 DryFloodproofing................................................................................................................ 35 WetFloodproofing................................................................................................................ 37 FloodInsurance......................................................................................................................... 38 References................................................................................................................................. 40 Chapter 4. Selecting Mitigation Measures.................................................................................... 41 CountyProjects......................................................................................................................... 41 NonstructuralProjects............................................................................................................... 42 Building Mitigation Selection Matrix....................................................................................... 45 Chapter5. Recommendations....................................................................................................... 47 CountyActions......................................................................................................................... 47 PropertyOwner Actions........................................................................................................... 48 Appendix A. Area Summaries.................................................................................................... A-1 Appendix B. Input Questionnaire............................................................................................... B-1 Appendix C. Flood Insurance Terminology............................................................................... C-1 Monroe County RLAA — 1 — February 1, 2020 Executive Summary Monroe County is subject to periodic flooding from rain, sea level rise, and storm surge. One measure of the intensity and impact of these floods is flood insurance claims. Between 1978 and 2017, there were 11,205 flood insurance claims paid in unincorporated Monroe County. Of those, 10,896 (97%) were from the six major storms discussed in Chapter 2. The average claim payments for the last two, Wilma and Irma, were over $30,000 and $35,000, respectively. Many properties in the County have been subject to repetitive floods. Nationally, the cost of paying repetitive insurance claims have made them a priority for the National Flood Insurance Program. Under FEMA's definition of a repetitive loss property, only a little more than 1% of the County's flood insurance polices account for 19% of the claim payments since 1978. Repetitive flooding is therefore a major concern in Monroe County. Analysis Instead of focusing on just the 391 officially designated repetitive loss properties that have flooded two times or more in the past, this analysis looks at repetitive loss areas. An "area" has the repetitive loss properties designated by FEMA and other nearby properties that are exposed to the same flood risk (often called "repetitive loss properties in waiting"). Monroe County has 60 repetitive loss areas which have from one to 699 properties with a total of 9,546 properties. Appendix A has maps and summary data on the 60 repetitive loss areas in unincorporated Monroe County. The data come from a windshield survey, claims data, and County Appraiser files. The exact location of the 391 FEMA-designated repetitive loss properties cannot be identified because of the Privacy Act. For this analysis, there is no differentiation between FEMA repetitive loss, single loss, insured but no claim payments, and uninsured properties. All properties exposed to the repetitive flood hazard deserve attention. The table below has summary data on the 60 areas. Area RLs Historic Loss Similarly Situated Total 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 14 130 346 490 4 1 25 129 155 5 1 3 63 67 6 1 8 51 60 7 3 63 307 373 8 1 1 9 7 49 178 234 10 1 1 11 1 2 2 5 12 4 7 92 103 13 7 30 187 224 14 1 1 15 1 3 54 58 16 13 4 98 115 17 1 1 2 Monroe County RLAA —2— February 1, 2020 Area RLs Historic Loss Similarly Situated Total 18 1 4 8 13 19 5 15 236 256 20 1 1 21 1 1 22 2 3 7 12 23 1 2 3 24 2 2 25 3 13 24 40 26 1 2 1 4 27 7 89 309 405 28 16 29 45 29 17 73 137 227 30 21 66 98 185 31 5 11 36 52 32 1 119 302 422 33 1 2 1 4 34 2 43 107 152 35 1 6 22 29 36 4 38 225 267 37 2 55 141 198 38 3 78 101 182 39 1 4 4 9 40 16 98 250 364 41 2 8 35 45 42 56 113 500 669 43 29 181 179 389 44 24 150 298 472 45 9 60 209 278 46 6 98 147 251 47 9 120 278 407 48 2 9 15 26 49 3 58 89 150 50 25 25 108 158 51 3 9 26 38 52 7 33 146 186 53 3 177 419 599 54 2 16 34 52 55 1 198 247 446 56 2 4 9 15 57 5 3 13 21 58 4 21 25 59 1 1 60 19 53 478 550 1370 2,374 6,799 9,543 1 FEMA's Repetitive Loss List contains 391 properties. Twenty-one addresses on the list are properties with multiple buildings located on one Monroe County parcel ID. The information provided by FEMA is not sufficient to determine which building on such parcels is the one on FEMA's list. Monroe County RLAA —3— February 1, 2020 Solutions Chapter 2 of this report reviews past floods and their impacts on people and property. Chapter 3 discusses alternative mitigation projects to address these impacts. They are organized under two approaches: Flood control projects Beach structures Seawalls Beach and dune nourishment Drainage improvements Nonstructural projects Acquisition Elevation Mitigation reconstruction Barriers Dry floodproofing Wet floodproofing Different projects do better in different situations, so Chapter 4 identifies ways to determine the best approaches to mitigate the impacts of repetitive flooding. Chapter 5 concludes with recommendations for the County and for repetitively flooded property owners. County actions focus on protecting critical facilities and roads and helping property owners with information, technical assistance, and funding. Recommended property owner actions include learning about nonstructural measures that they can implement and sources of financial assistance and maintaining flood insurance coverage. Monroe County RLAA — 4 — February 1, 2020 Chapter 1. Introduction Monroe County is subject to periodic flooding from rain, sea level rise, and storm surge. While one flood is bad enough, many areas of the County have been subject to repetitive floods, which take their toll and leave residents worrying about the next flood. This report is an analysis of the repetitive flood problem in the unincorporated areas of Monroe County. It reviews past floods, their impacts on people and property, alternative ways to address these impacts, and concludes with recommendations for County officials and property owners who want to be proactive to address their future risk of flooding. Background The majority of the buildings in Monroe County are in a coastal floodplain. Many were built before January 1975, when Monroe County adopted its first floodplain regulations, which means they were likely built without any flood protection considerations. The following table shows this data: Built before 1/1/1975 Built after 1/1/1975 4,490 9,472 Nearly 14,000 properties in the County's unincorporated areas are covered for flood damage with a flood insur- ance policy under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Of these, 437 meet the NFIP's definition of a repetitive loss property and 7 meet the NFIP's definition of a severe repetitive loss property (see box). The NFIP has been faced with the task of paying claims while trying to keep the price of flood insurance at an affordable level. It has a particular problem with Repetitive loss property: a property that has had two or more claims of more than $1,000 paid by the National Flood Insurance Program within any 10-year period since 1978. Although some of these properties have had mitigation measures applied to them, most remain at risk of flooding. —CRS Coordinator's Manual, p. 120-7 Severe Repetitive Loss property: As defined in the Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004, those 1-4 family properties that have had four or more claims of more than $5,000 or two to three claims that cumulatively exceed the building's value. For the purposes of the CRS, non-residential buildings that meet the same criteria as for 1-4 family properties are considered Severe Repetitive Loss properties. —CRS Coordinator's Manual, p. 120-8 repetitive flood loss properties, which are estimated to have cost $13 billion nationwide since 1978. Repetitive loss properties represent only 1.3% of all flood insurance policies, yet historically they have accounted for nearly 25% of the claims nationally. Monroe County's repetitive loss properties also represent only about 1.3% of all flood insurance policies but they account for 6.6% of the more than $282 million in historic claims payments in the unincorporated areas of the County. Because of this, the NFIP encourages reducing the repetitive loss problem and they offer mitigation programs to do so. Mitigating these repeatedly flooded properties will reduce the overall costs to the program, to the communities in which they are located, and to the individual homeowners. Ultimately, mitigating repeatedly flooded properties benefits everyone. While the primary objective of this analysis is to help the residents of Unincorporated Monroe County, it also meets a requirement of the Community Rating System (CRS). The CRS is a Monroe County RLAA — 5 — February 1, 2020 voluntary program that recognizes and encourages floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements. Communities receive credit for their floodplain management activities, such as land use regulations, public information programs, and flood warning and response plans. Plans and projects that address repetitive loss properties are an important credit. Unincorporated Monroe County is currently a CRS Class 5 which provides a 25% discount on NIFIP flood insurance policies issued in the Special Flood Hazard Area (see Appendix C for floodplain management terminology). A Class 5 rating means NFIP insurance policy holders in the unincorporated areas of the County save approximately 5.2 million dollars each year. As a participant in the CRS, Monroe County is obligated to map and address its repetitive loss areas. It can receive additional CRS credit if it undertakes an analysis of the problem that identifies appropriate activities that can mitigate the impact of repetitive flooding. This document meets the criteria for a CRS-accredited Repetitive Loss Area Analysis (RLAA). Repetitive Loss Areas Properties on FEMA's repetitive loss list are not the entire problem — they are an indicator of a repetitive flooding problem that can also affect other properties. As described in the CRS Coordinator's Manual, It is important to note that the only reason a property appears on FEMA's list is because the structure had flood insurance and received two or more claims of at least $1,000 during any given 10-year period. These properties are merely representative of the community's overall repetitive flooding problem. Other structures near the ones listed by FEMA may have been uninsured during the floods, may have had single flood insurance claims, or may have had multiple claims under different policies that the system did not recognize as being the same repetitively flooded address. From a community perspec- tive, it is not fair to single out those properties that happen to be on FEMA's list. All properties with the same exposure to repeated flood damage should be addressed. — CRS Coordinator's Manual, page 500-10. The CRS requires communities to look at repetitive loss areas. Repetitive loss areas consist of neighboring buildings (including uninsured ones) that were subject to the same flood as those on the FEMA list. A line must be drawn to include the properties on FEMA's list and all other nearby properties with buildings exposed to the same repetitive floods. Privacy Act: All use of flood insurance data must abide by the Privacy Act (5 U.S.C. § 552a). "Personally identifiable information" such as the names or addresses of specific properties that are covered by flood insurance or have received flood insurance claims, the amounts of such claims, etc., may not be released outside of local government agencies or to the public. General or aggregated information, such as total claims paid for a community or an area or data not connected to a particular property may be made public. For example, a community may publish a map showing a repetitive loss area or a list of addresses in that area, provided that it does not show which individual addresses or parcels are covered by a flood insurance policy or received insurance claim payments. Monroe County RLAA — 6 — February 1, 2020 Therefore, this report and the database described in Chapter 4, do not include information on flood insurance policies. Non-NFIP information, such as building foundation types and assessed value, can be used and released. The addresses in the repetitive loss area can be publicized, but the list will not identify which properties had or have a flood insurance policy, which are listed as repetitive loss properties, or how much a particular property received in insurance claims. Monroe County's Repetitive Loss Areas: The Planning & Environmental Resources Department's GIS office mapped repetitive loss properties, properties that received a single flood insurance claim, and all similarly situated properties. This information was used to identify and delineate the repetitive loss areas. There are 60 repetitive loss areas in Monroe County. They have from one to 699 properties with a total of 9,545 properties in the 60 repetitive loss areas. There are seven areas that have only one property, i.e., there are no other similarly situated structures nearby. The exact location of these seven properties is not shown in this report, but their general areas are mapped. For the other areas, there is no differentiation between repetitive loss, single loss, insured but no claim payments, and uninsured properties. An example of an area map is to the right. Most of the areas include buildings that have been elevated or otherwise protected from repetitive flooding. While these buildings are less likely to experience interior flooding, they have repetitively flooded properties nearby and the street flooding often causes building access issues. Therefore, they are included in the repetitive loss areas. The Process The analysis was prepared following a standard five step planning process. The process is also needed to meet the CRS credit criteria, as shown in quotes for each step. Step 1: "Advise all the properties in the repetitive loss areas that the analysis will be conducted and request their input on the hazard and recommended actions." — This was completed with a letter sent by Adam Ferguson, Administrator of the County's Floodplain Program. The letter went to all residents of the County in the Summer of 2017, advising that there would be staff conducting visual surveys of the buildings in their neighborhoods. It had this note: The RLAA work that the County is doing would be much more effective with any additional data residents in these areas may be able to provide. You are encouraged to participate in the planning process by providing historical information concerning floods that have impacted your property. Be part of the solution and help us improve the analysis by completing a questionnaire ... Your participation will be used to help determine the appropriate flood protection measure(s) to be considered for properties in your area. Monroe County RLAA — 7 — February 1, 2020 The field surveying started, but work was put on hold after the County was hit by Hurricane Irma in September 2017. It restarted in 2019 and a second notice was distributed with the County's annual outreach project in September 2019 (right). The questionnaire is included as Appendix B to this report. Only 20 people took advantage of this opportunity. Their com are included in the information on their repetitive loss areas in Appendix A. Step 2: "Contact agencies or organizations that may have plans or studies that could affect the cause or impacts of the flooding." -- The RLAA planners contacted the following offices. The findings and comments from these contacts are incorporated into the various chapters of this document. —> Monroe County Disaster Recovery Department —> Monroe County Engineering, Roads & Bridges Department Monroe County Land Authority Monroe County Planning and Environmental Resources Department Monroe County Sustainability & Projects Department Florida Department of Economic Opportunity n ,OEFacrsoN Step 3: "Visit each building in the repetitive loss area and collect basic data. The site visit must collect data sufficient to do a preliminary determination of the cause of the repetitive flooding and of the mitigation measures that would be appropriate.... The person conducting the visit should not have to enter the property adequate information should be collected from observations from the street." Several approaches were used to collect data. County staff visited every area and recorded key information on each building. Items collected (to the extent that things could be seen from the street) included: — Use (single family home, commercial, etc.) —Number of stories — Foundation type — Foundation condition — Wall type —Wall condition — HVAC location — Estimated height above grade Monroe County RLAA — 8 — February 1, 2020 Dates from the Monroe County Property Appraiser, such as date of construction, were also included. Flood insurance data were reviewed but not included in the same database due the Privacy Act requirements. Data on each building was collected in a database that is explained in Chapter 4. The causes of the repetitive damage are covered in Chapter 2 and appropriate mitigation measures are reviewed in Chapters 3 and 4. Step 4: "Review alternative approaches and determine whether any property protection measures, or drainage improvements are feasible." — Both structural flood control and nonstructural building mitigation measures were reviewed. Property protection measures and drainage improvements are in Chapter 3. Feasibility is covered in Chapter 4. Step 5: "Document the findings." — All of this information and the repetitive loss area maps are included in this document, Monroe County's Repetitive Loss Area Analysis. The draft of this document was posted for public review. The annual outreach project sent to the repetitive loss areas in December of 2019, encouraged the recipients to access the draft online and review it. Questions or comments on the draft as well as other flood protection topics were encouraged. While the initial request for public input in Step 1 brought comments, no comments were received on the draft document by the comment deadline. The draft of this document was presented to the Monroe County Board of County Commissioners at the January 22" d meeting. The Commissioners and public were given an opportunity to ask questions and make comments. While there were no questions or comments from the public, the Commissioner asked quite a few very relevant questions. The questions related to: —> The viability of residential floodproofing, —> The process for inclusion of similarly situated structures in the repetitive loss areas, and Providing more data to the public on individual properties, such as adding the elevation of the lowest floor to the data in the next iteration. Overall, the Commissioners' comments were positive in nature. They agreed that it is of benefit to the community to look at repetitive loss areas to access possible mitigation to reduce future loss. Monroe County RLAA — 9 — February 1, 2020 Chapter 2. The Flood Problem As noted in the County's outreach projects (right) "All of Monroe County is identified as a coastal floodplain and may be subject to flooding." Flooding in Monroe County comes in four ways: Heavy Rains: Hurricanes, tropical storms, and summer thunderstorms have the potential to unload heavy rainfall, which backs up drainage systems and causes flooding. Storm Surge: Water that is pushed toward the shore by strong storm winds, can cause severe flooding in coastal areas. Flash Flooding: Flash flooding is caused by sudden heavy rainfall and can occur in just a few hours or less. Moving water from flash floods can lift rocks and debris and damage homes and buildings. King Tides: These especially high tides can flood streets and low 1_ying. areas. They are occurring more frequently due to sea level rise. Historical Floods A All of these types of floods contributed to repetitive building damage and the subsequent flood insurance claims. However, a review of the claims found that the repetitive loss claims in Monroe County can be tied almost exclusively to tropical storms and the associated storm surge. There were six major storms over the past 2 decades that account for the bulk of the damage and claims. In fact, 97% of all the paid claims in the unincorporated portions of Monroe County came from these six storms. They are summarized in the table below. Major Storm Summary Name Landfall Category' Paid Claims' $ Claims' Georges Sept. 1998 3 3,055 $ 37,066,289 Mitch Nov. 1998 Trop. Storm 41 $ 244,287 Irene Oct. 1999 1 396 $ 3,859,108 Rita Sept. 2005 2 171 $ 4,074,089 Wilma Oct. 2005 3 4,070 $ 123,466,400 Irma Sept. 2017 4 3,163 $ 110,714,342 Totals 10,896 $ 279,424,515 1. Category is the category on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale when the storm hit Monroe County. 2. Claims figures are for all of unincorporated Monroe County, not just the repetitive loss areas. Monroe County RLAA — 10 — February 1, 2020 The following review shows the variations in the storms and their impacts, but they consistently resulted in flood insurance claims. It should be noted that the tropical storm or hurricane category is a relative indicator of the severity of a storm, but not a measure of storm surge or flood levels, which varied throughout the County. Hurricane Georges, September 1998: On September 16, a depression was upgraded into Tropical Storm Georges and further into Hurricane Georges the next day. The eye of the storm passed near Key West about midday on September 24. Wind: The storm reached its peak intensity on September 20 with winds of 155 mph, just below Category 5 status on the Saffir- Simpson Hurricane Scale. Wind gusts near the center of the storm over the Keys reached 125 mph. Rain: Rainfall amounts amounted to a maximum of 8.41 inches in Tavernier and 8.38 at Key West International Airport. Storm surge: Upon making landfall, Hurricane Georges brought a storm surge of up to 12 feet in Tavernier, with similar but lesser amounts along the rest of the Keys. Waves up to 10 feet put many parts of the Overseas Highway under water. Damage: Strong winds downed palm trees and power lines, leaving all of the Keys without power. The most severe damage was sustained between Sugarloaf Key and Big Pine Key in the Lower Keys. Georges' waves overturned 2 boats in Key West. 1,536 houses were damaged with 173 homes destroyed, many of which were mobile homes (right). Flood insurance claims: Based on claim locations, Hurricane Georges was predominantly a Middle and Lower Keys event. Number of paid claims: 3,055 Total payments: $37,066,289 Average payment: $12,133 Monroe County RLAA — 11 — February 1, 2020 Hurricane Mitch, November 1998: Mitch formed in the western Caribbean Sea on October 22. It drifted to Central America, where it caused a great deal of damage and killed more than 9,000 people. Mitch then weakened, moved back, and struck Florida as a strong tropical storm on November 5. Wind: Key West International Airport reported peak wind gusts of 55 mph and sustained winds of 40 mph, the only report of tropical storm force in the state. Rain: Hurricane Mitch caused moderate rainfall. Storm surge: Hurricane Mitch caused a storm surge of up to 4 feet in the Lower Keys before making landfall on the Florida west coast. Damage: In the Florida Keys, multiple buildings that had been damaged by Hurricane Georges were leveled by Hurricane Mitch. Flood insurance claims: Hurricane Mitch was a relatively isolated event, judged by flood claims: Number of paid claims: 41 Total payments: $ 244,287 Average payment: $ 5,958 Hurricane Irene, October 1999: Not to be confused with a larger storm in 2011, this Hurricane Irene developed in the western Caribbean Sea on October 13 and moved northward, hitting western Cuba. The storm strengthened over the Florida Straits, attaining hurricane status on October 15. It passed over Key West, turned more to the north-northeast, and struck mainland Florida at Cape Sable. Rain: Hurricane Irene was a wet Florida hurricane, dropping 12 inches of rain on Key West. The rainfall flooded roads throughout the Keys, prompting officials to close 50 miles of U.S. Highway 1. Storm surge: While moving through the Florida Keys, Hurricane Irene produced a storm surge of up to 2.3 feet in Key Vaca, while Key West reported a surge of 1.5 feet. Damage: Hurricane Irene had moderate wind gusts that caused power outages throughout the Keys, but overall damage was minor. Monroe County RLAA — 12 — February 1, 2020 Flood insurance claims: Hurricane Irene largely appeared to be an Upper Keys event, with most of the claims in Key Largo or Tavernier. Number of paid claims: 396 Total payments: $ 3,859,108 Average payment: $ 9,745 Hurricane Rita, September 2005: Hurricane Rita was the fourth -most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded and the most intense tropical cyclone ever observed in the Gulf of Mexico. Part of the record -breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, which included three of the six most intense Atlantic hurricanes ever recorded (along with #1 Wilma and #6 Katrina). Hurricane Rita formed near the Bahamas on September 18 and moved through the Florida Straits. Upon entering the Straits of Florida on September 20, Hurricane Rita strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane. After passing south of Key West, Hurricane Rita turned northwest into the Gulf and intensified into a Category 5. It was a Category 3 when it hit Louisiana's Gulf coast. Wind: The highest sustained winds were recorded in Key West at 62 mph. Rain: Hurricane Rita produced rainfall of 2-4 inches in the lower and middle Keys with greater than 6 inches estimated by radar in portions of the Upper Keys. Storm surge: A maximum storm surge of 5 feet was recorded in Key West. Storm surge along portions of the Atlantic shores of the middle and upper Keys were recorded at 3-4 feet. Flood insurance claims: Hurricane Rita was another Upper Keys storm in terms of flood insurance claims paid. Most of the paid claims were located in Key Largo and Tavernier. Number of paid claims: 171 Total payments: $ 4,074,089 Average payment: $ 23,825 Hurricane Wilma, October 2005: Hurricane Wilma was the most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded in the Atlantic basin. After impacting Central America and Mexican Yucatan Peninsula, a powerful trough turned the hurricane to the northeast and accelerated its forward motion. Monroe County RLAA — 13 — February 1, 2020 Wind: Wilma hit Cape Romano, Florida, as a 120 mph major hurricane. Overall, average winds across the inhabited Lower Keys were estimated at 70 to 80 mph with gusts up to 90 mph. Rain: Rainfall across the Lower Keys was fairly light but typical for a fast-moving hurricane, 1.50 inches measured at Pennekamp State Park in Key Largo. Storm surge: Low-lying areas of the Keys received several feet of water that flooded homes. The Lower Keys experi- enced an unusual flood: it occurred twice. First, as the storm approached Florida, it pushed water across the keys from south to north. As the storm finally crossed into the Everglades, all the water that had been pushed by the storm was released as Wilma crossed the peninsula. This caused additional flooding and costly damage, from a "backwash" of up to 8 feet; this second round of flooding constituted the peak of the storm surge. "Storm surges of 4 to 5 ft were observed over much of the lower and middle Florida Keys, locally to near 7 ft. However, a storm surge of near 9 ft was estimated visually in the Marathon area. Storm surges were generally in the 4 to 5 ft range over the upper Keys. This resulted in considerable flooding over substantial portions of the Keys." — "Tropical Cyclone Report — Hurricane Wilma," NOAA National Hurricane Center, 2006 Flood insurance claims: Hurricane Wilma affected the entire county with a wide distribution of flood claims. It affected the Middle and Lower Keys at a higher ratio per developed property. Number of paid claims: 4,070 Total payments: $ 123,466,400 Average payment: $ 30,336 Hurricane Irma, September 2017 Hurricane Irma made landfall at Cudjoe Key on September 10. It then hit Marco Island and moved on to Georgia2. 2 (Quotes in this section are from the County's webpage, www.monroecounty-1.gov/726/Hurricane-Irma-Recovery, Hurricane Irma in Florida. Mitigation Assessment Team Report, ("MAT Report") FEMA P-2023, 2018, and Tropical Cvclone Report, Hurricane Irma, NOAA-National Hurricane Center, 2017.) Monroe County RLAA — 14 — February 1, 2020 Wind: Cudjoe Key had maximum winds near 130 mph. "Buildings designed and constructed to comply with the Florida Building Code met expectations by performing well structurally." — MAT Report Rain: "...rainfall totals of 10 to 15 inches were common across the peninsula and the Keys... NOAA Storm surge: "The combined effect of storm surge and the tide produced maximum inundation levels of 5 to 8 ft above ground level for portions of the Lower Florida Keys from Cudjoe Key eastward to Big Pine Key and Bahia Honda Key... Maximum inundation levels of 4 to 6 ft above ground level occurred across the Middle and Upper Keys." — NOAA "Although inundation alone was a significant source of damage, some of the more dramatic structural failures observed were a result of the added force of wave action and scour." — MAT Report Damage: "In unincorporated Monroe County, approximately 727 homes were destroyed and another 1,034 homes are considered to have substantial damage ... the hardest -hit areas were the mobile homes, manufactured homes and RVs." — County website. "Hurricane Irma dramatically demon- strated the benefit of investment in a hardened infrastructure. The primary roadway system, water, and wastewater systems remained largely resilient to these natural forces. The electrical grid and the communications system, however, remain highly vulnerable to wind and storm surge." — County webpage. "Some of the structures destroyed by the storm were MH units located in the floodplain. Very few of these houses were elevated to the base flood elevation. Buildings constructed at or near grade were subject to deeper and more damaging flooding from either storm surge or rainfall - induced flooding." — MAT Report Monroe County RLAA — 15 — February 1, 2020 Flood insurance claims: There were more than 4,600 claims submitted from Monroe County policy holders following Hurricane Irma. Number of paid claims: 3,163 Total payments: $ 110,714,342 Average payment: $ 35,003 The average residential claim was $30,578 and the average non-residential claim was $89,254. The average payments were certainly higher overall than from the previous storms. Future Flooding "Due to the impacts of climate change and sea level rise, ... the frequency and severity of flooding conditions are expected to increase in the future. Surge heights are predicted to be greater due to sea level rise and climate change is expected to periodically cause more intense rainfall which will exacerbate freshwater flooding." — Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy, (2015 Update) Section 5.2.1, page 5-5. "Monroe County is ground zero for experiencing the impacts of global climate change and sea level rise. Along the chain of islands that is barely above the sea, many streets already are flooding numerous times throughout the year from extreme fall and spring tides. "Habitat for wildlife that once was high and dry continues to have seawater encroach on the lands. Rising seas have begun to affect some roads and other County infrastructure, as well as some homes and businesses — and will continue to do so into the future." — www.monroecounty- fl.gov/803/Sustainability In short, given that sea levels will rise and severe weather will become more common, we can expect future flooding to be worse that what has been experienced in the past. In response to these concerns, the Board of County Commissioners has initiated several programs and projects to address the impact of climate change. These include adopting an Energy and Climate Element into the Comprehensive Plan, creating a Sustainability office, participating in the Southeast Florida Regional Compact for Climate Change, and funding projects to raise critical infrastructure and roads flooded during high tides. Impact of Flooding Water covering a barrier island is a flood, but not necessarily a flood problem. Flood problems arise when the water inundates streets and houses and closes schools and businesses. The number and average amounts of flood insurance claim payments have increased over the years. One reason for this is that more people are purchasing flood insurance, which is a good thing. However, simply looking at the insurance claims numbers does not tell the whole story of how flooding impacts people. Building damage: First, it is important to note that an insurance claim does not pay for all the damage to a building. The property owner or tenant must pay for: Monroe County RLAA — 16 — February 1, 2020 The deductible, which has normally been $1,000 in recent years, but many policy holders opt for larger deductibles to save on premiums; —> Repairs to damage that cost more than the policy's amount of coverage; Damage to the contents of the building (unless the owner or tenant has taken out contents coverage); and Damage to property not covered by flood insurance, such as landscaping, vehicles, items kept outdoors, and currency. Second, much of the property damage is hidden. A building may look sound after the water goes down, but wood will swell when wet. Plywood can come apart. Gypsum wallboard will fall apart if it is bumped before it dries out. The longer these materials are wet, the more moisture, sediment and pollutants they will absorb. To properly clean a building requires weeks of stripping, drying (right), cleaning, and rebuilding. If a building is not properly cleaned (often because it wasn't covered by insurance), a health hazard remains hidden behind the walls. Machinery like appliances and gasoline engines may look like they just got wet, but the sediments and chemicals in the water mean they will not work safely unless they are properly dried and cleaned. Other contents, such as mattresses and upholstered furniture, are usually not worth the cost of restoring them to a useful and safe condition. Life safety: Shallow, slow moving, floodwaters usually do not cause much damage to buildings. However, it doesn't take deep water to be dangerous to people. A car will float in shallow mov- ing water (right). This is one reason floods kill more people trapped in vehicles than any- where else. To help reduce this hazard, the County is making a major effort to raise roads that flood during high tides and heavy storms. OVA Cars and small SUV's will float - deep is 12"? re 5'4" -8'3' tall ar. r.:. e.-+n ng sneskers,�� your pant legs will be soaked. The water will be about hallway up your leg but below the knee. How deep is T? IJ IF you're 64" - 6'3'tall and es wearing esneakers, your showill be entirely submergd. The water will be ator above the tops of your anktes.6" of swiNyflowing water can knock a person over. Monroe County RLAA — 17 — February 1, 2020 Electrocution is the number two cause of flood deaths, claiming lives in a flooded area that is carrying a live current created when electrical components short. People also die of heart attacks, especially from exertion during a flood fight. Floods can damage gas lines, floors and stairs, creating secondary hazards such as gas leaks and unsafe structures. They can extinguish pilot lights and short circuit electrical wiring —causing conditions ripe for a fire. Fire equipment may not be able to reach a burning building during high water. Health: Three general types of health hazards accompany floods. The first comes from the water itself. Floodwaters carry whatever was on the ground that the runoff picked up, including dirt, oil, animal waste, and lawn and industrial chemicals. The water can be a breeding ground for bacteria, such as E. coli, and other disease causing agents. The second type of health problem comes after the water is gone. Stagnant pools become breeding grounds for mosquitoes, and wet areas of a building that have not been cleaned breed mold and mildew. A building that is not thoroughly and properly cleaned becomes a health hazard, especially for small children and the elderly. These health problems can be aggravated when air conditioning ducts in a forced -air system are not properly cleaned after inundation. When the air conditioner is turned on, the sediments left in the ducts are circulated throughout the building and breathed in by the occupants. The third health problem is the long-term psychological impact of having been through a flood and seeing one's home dam- aged and irreplaceable keepsakes destroyed. The cost and labor needed to repair a flood -damaged home puts a severe strain on people, especially the unprepared and uninsured. There is also a long-term problem for those who know that their homes can be flooded again. The resulting stress on floodplain residents takes its toll in the form of aggravated physical and mental health problems. For all these reasons, repetitive flooding has an impact on people that a flood insurance policy will not prevent. Problem Statement 5 All of Monroe County is considered to be in a coastal floodplain and flooding is not uncommon. One measure of the frequency of floods is FEMA's repetitive loss standard: two floods in any ten year period that result in flood insurance claims for more than $1,000 each. Since 1998, 21 years ago, the County has experienced six major storms that have resulted in much larger claim payments. The primary cause of flood damage has been storm surge flooding during these major storms. Heavy rain and subsequent drainage problems have contributed to the flood damage, but their impact is hard to measure when entire areas are flooded by storm surge. Monroe County RLAA — 18 — February 1, 2020 Between 1978 and 2017, there were 11,205 flood insurance claims paid in unincorporated Monroe County. The average paid claim was for $21,413. Of those, 10,896 (97%) were from the six major storms discussed in this chapter. The average claim payments for the last two, Wilma and Irma, were over $30,000 and $35,000, respectively. Clearly, addressing repetitive losses will go a long way to addressing the problems of flooded buildings in Monroe County. Insurance claims do not tell the full story of the impact of flooding, not even the full cost of repairing and replacing damaged property. There are also safety, health, and mental health impacts, as discussed in this chapter. While this analysis focusses on damage to property, other County programs are working to lessen all the impacts of flooding. Reducing damage to insurable buildings will have spin off benefits on the safety, health, and mental health issues, too. Monroe County RLAA — 19 — February 1, 2020 Chapter 3. Mitigation Measures This chapter reviews the things that can be done about repetitive flood damage. There are two general approaches. The most popular approach is to control the water — keep it away from people and property. In a typical riverine situation, this involves building structures like dams and floodwalls to store flood waters away from development or levees, channelization and drainage improvements to move or divert waters away from developed areas. In a coastal area, there are few options to control flooding from the ocean. Structures, such as groins and seawalls have an impact on smaller storms, but are usually not big enough to control all floods. Generally, these "structural projects" are on public property and are funded by a government agency. There are many situations where structural projects will not work or do not make economic sense. There is an alternative to controlling water and that is to modify the affected property so the water does not cause a problem. This approach is called nonstructural projects, which include moving buildings out of the hazard area, raising the damage prone parts above flood levels and other modifications to eliminate or reduce the potential for damage. These projects are on private property and are usually the responsibility of the property owner, although there are government funding programs. It should be noted that Monroe County and its property owners are not faced with an "either/or" decision. It is not a case of doing one or the other. One can be more effective than the other in different situations, so both approaches should be pursued. Structural Projects Beach Structures Beaches and sand dunes that form naturally over time provide a measure of protection to inland property. If a building is far enough back from the water, the waves break on the beach and dissipate inland. Monroe County does not have many natural beaches, so there are not many places where structures will impact inland flooding. Plus, they have several limitations, as discussed below. Beach structures help preserve the natural protection provided by beaches and dunes. Jetties, groins, and breakwaters are built out into the ocean to direct water or sand to an area to be protected or catch sand that is moved along the shoreline by a lateral current. They are made of large boulders, concrete, steel, wood, or a combination of these materials. Other structures have the same impact on the movement of sand (photo). Monroe County RLAA — 20 — February 1, 2020 Advantages of beach structures: They can collect sand in front of the building(s) to be protected if there is a natural or artificial source upcurrent. Disadvantages of beach structures: —> These structures keep sand from flowing naturally along the shoreline. Sand builds up on one side of the groin (updrift accretion) at the expense of the other side (downdrift erosion). If the current direction is constant all year long, a groin "steals" sand that would normally be deposited on the downdrift end of the beach. The amount of sand on the beach stays the same. A groin merely transfers erosion from one place to another further down the beach.... As soon as one groin is built, property owners downdrift of it may start clamoring for the government to build groins to save "their" beach. Eventually, the beach may become lined with groins. Since no new sand is added to the system, groins simply "steal' sand from one part of the beach so that it will build up on another part. There will always be beach erosion downdrift of the last groin. — http://beachapedia.orci/Shoreline Structures They can adversely impact natural functions and essential habitat, especially for sea turtles and birds. —> They require continual expenditures for maintenance Regulatory restrictions on beach structures: The County's Year 2030 Comprehensive Plan Policy 102.7.3 reads "Shoreline hardening structures, including seawalls, bulkheads, groins, rip -rap, etc., shall not be permitted along shorelines of CBRS units." Coastal Barrier Resource System areas can be seen on the Flood Insurance Rate Maps for the County at https:Hmsc.fema.gov. Policy 212.5.1 states: "No new bulkheads, seawalls or other hardened vertical shoreline structures shall be permitted on open water (unaltered shorelines)." There are additional criteria for such structures that would protect existing development, but they generally limit the works to the use of natural vegetation, replacement of existing structures, or severely eroding areas. Policy 212.5.4 states: "Shoreline structures shall be designed to protect tidal flushing and circulation patterns. Any project which may produce changes in circulation patterns shall be approved only after sufficient hydrographic information is available to allow an accurate evaluation of the possible impacts of the project." Because the purpose of a structure to catch sand is to change circulation patterns, these projects are contrary to County policy. Because of the problems structural measures cause to other properties, they are generally discouraged. For example, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection's Coastal Armoring Policy and Guidelines states "Coastal armoring, however, may negatively impact the integrity and natural functioning of the beach and dune system, and it may also increase the vulnerability of adjacent unarmored properties to storm damage." The policy limits these structures to certain situations, such as protecting "significant public infrastructure. Monroe County RLAA — 21 — February 1, 2020 Seawalls As with jetties and groins, seawalls are also structures made of boulders, concrete, etc. Instead of jutting into the water, they run parallel to the shore. They are usually constructed to stop erosion from undermining a building rather than to stop waves or flooding, but they can serve both purposes. Advantages of seawalls: —> The area behind the wall is protected from smaller storms. Disadvantages of seawalls: As with jetties and groins, seawalls can transfer the problem to the adjacent areas that do not have a wall ("flanking erosion"). Seawalls can be expensive, especially if a long stretch of beach is to be protected. Walls, especially vertical walls, aggravate beach erosion. Waves that hit the walls take sand with them when they wash back. An example of this is in the photo above. People want to cut down mangroves to install seawalls, adversely impacting natural functions and essential habit and destroying the protection provided by mangrove stands. Regulatory restrictions on seawalls: Most seawall designs will create an obstruction to flow and would be prohibited in V Zones. —> See also the regulatory restrictions for beach structures on page 21. The County's Comprehensive Plan Policy 210.1.6 reads "Seawalls shall be prohibited on any beach or open water (unaltered) shoreline." Beach Nourishment Instead of, or in addition to, structures, some communities bring sand in to rebuild an eroding beach or line of dunes. This is especially popular where tourism and the beach are a vital part of the local economy. It requires the right kind of sand that matches what is currently on the beach and that does not erode too fast. The sand is usually pumped in from an offshore supply, but sometimes trucked in from another location. Monroe County RLAA — 22 — February 1, 2020 Advantages of beach nourishment: —> The protection provided by the beach is increased. Restores habitat for turtles and other threatened and endangered species that live or nest on beaches. Disadvantages of beach nourishment: There are few places in the County with beaches protecting structures. Most beaches are in public parks or natural areas. Beach nourishment can be very expensive. Most major projects are funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers, which requires lots of lead time for planning and appropriating the federal funds. There can still be a substantial local cost share. It is a temporary solution. The natural erosion process is not stopped. In some cases another nourishment project may be needed in ten years or sooner. Panama City Beach (above) has had projects in 1998, 2005 (to replace sand lost to Hurricane Ivan), 2011, and 2017, although not all at the same locations. These projects send people the message that areas behind beaches will always be protected, leading many to double -down on development, tearing down small cottages and replacing them with big structures. Nourishment projects are generally disruptive to beach life for some period. Trucking sand in can mean weeks of dump -trucks damaging roads. Most projects include tractors driving up and down beaches. Plants and animals that live on the beach get smothered and the water is muddied. Re ug latory restrictions on beach nourishment: Each project gets approval from several state and federal agencies that ensure that the project will not have adverse impacts. Monroe County RLAA — 23 — February 1, 2020 Natural Resource Protection The County has several programs that are designed to protect natural resources that have a spin off benefit on flood mitigation. For example, the County has undertaken some coral reef restoration projects, funded under the RESTORE Act with money from the BP oil spill. The spin off benefit is that reefs in good condition will help reduce the impact of waves on nearby beaches. Another program is acquisition of sensitive lands. The top priorities for land to be purchased by the Monroe County Land Authority include designated natural areas, habitat for threatened or endangered species, and habitat buffer areas. There are also regulations to protect natural features, such as seagrass and mangrove stands. Like healthy coral reefs, these areas reduce the impacts of waves, protecting inland areas. Advantages of natural resource protection: These activities are funded and administered by different offices, extending the number of programs that benefit floodprone properties. The resulting open space has little to no development to be damaged by a flood and provides a natural buffer from water and waves. Disadvantages of natural resource protection: Because the thrust is to protect natural areas, many of the areas affected are not built on so there may be minimal benefits to floodprone buildings. Re ug latory restrictions on natural resource protection Restrictions would generally be to limit adverse impacts on natural functions, such as critical habitat. For example, the area could not be graded to build a seawall or other flood protection measure. Drainage Improvements Due to the topography and small size of the islands and the rural character of the unincorporated areas, Monroe County does not have a master drainage system that collects stormwater with underground storm drains and delivers it to larger pipes which discharge it into the ocean. Instead, surface runoff flows to the streets which carry it to the ocean. Close to the discharge point in many locations, the surface water is directed into outfall pipes. Monroe County RLAA — 24 — February 1, 2020 In some king tide events, the tidewater inundation of outfall pipes has caused reverse conveyance of saltwater through stormwater systems and an associated discharge from stormwater inflow structures into low-lying roads and yards. Although such flooding has often been observed — and is perhaps most obvious — on days without rainfall (i.e., "sunny days"), more severe flooding will inevitably result from the co -occurrence of large rainfall events with high tides that impede the regular functioning of stormwater discharge systems. — Monroe County Watershed Management Plan, 2019 This system handles small drainage areas that do not collect enough stormwater to create much of a drainage problem for buildings, although there are some instances of buildings flooded during heavy rains. While there is "nuisance" flooding, the biggest concern with the drainage system is the flooding of roads. In cooperation with the Department of Engineering, Roads & Bridges, the County's Sustainability office is initiating the Roads Adaptation Plan. This is a program to protect roads from flooding during high tides, which are expected to get worse over time with sea level rise. These projects may improve drainage if the higher roads act as levees and keep shallow floodwaters away from properties. Construction on two pilot projects will start in 2020. One is in repetitive loss area 27, the Sands Subdivision. More information about the master analysis and maps of problem sites and project locations will be produced in 2020. Each project will be different, so property owners should check any that will be in their area to see how they may address local drainage conditions. Advantages of drainage improvements: —> They reduce nuisance flooding and help keep the roads open during high water. Disadvantages of drainage improvements: The projects planned by the County may not be large enough to affect larger flows that flood buildings. County projects address flooding on roads and County property. Private property owners need to fund projects on their own property. This can be a typical scene in Repetitive Loss Flooded road in Repetitive Loss Area 22, Area 7, Twin Lakes. The Sands Subdivision. — Monroe County News Release, 91412019 Monroe County RLAA — 25 — February 1, 2020 Re ug latory restrictions on drainage improvements: All construction that affects the ground surface in the SFHA is considered development and needs a floodplain development permit. The applicant needs to be sure that the project will not redirect or increase flows onto neighbors. Nonstructural Projects While structural projects are the focus of most repetitive loss area analyses, Monroe County does not offer many opportunities for their application. There are few beaches that provide protection to buildings and, in most places, drainage systems on private property are too small to warrant public expenditures. The natural resource protection measures do apply to many areas throughout the County, but, as with beaches, they do not always correlate with repetitively flooded buildings. These shortcomings do not mean these measures should not be pursued, but that other approaches may be more effective for more properties. Nonstructural mitigation projects address each building separately. There are two types of nonstructural projects: those for all flooding hazards and those limited to drainage and shallow flood problems: Deeper flooding Shallow flood depths Acquisition Barriers Elevation Dry floodproofing Mitigation reconstruction Wet floodproofing Protection from deeper flooding and protection to at least the base flood elevation is preferred. However, not every repetitively flooded building is subject to deep flooding. Even with deep coastal storm surge, there are inland areas where the water was shallow. Of 4,375 paid flood insurance claims in the 60 repetitive loss areas, 2,802 (64%) were under $10,000. Of the 3,152 claims paid in the County after Irma, 1,536 (49%) were under $10,000. To be designated a repetitive loss property by FEMA, there only needs to be two claims, each over $1,000. Buildings with such small claim payments were probably not flooded more than a foot or two over the first floor. This opens up the County's options for addressing repetitive flooding — not every building needs to be acquired or elevated if other less expensive measures can reduce the risk of flood damage in areas of shallow flooding. Nonstructural projects are usually initiated by the property owner, so this section is written with the owner as the reader. See Chapter 4 for guidance on selecting which measures are appropriate for different building types and depth of flooding. Sources of funding for these measures is covered next. Mitigation Funding There are several State, FEMA, and HUD grant programs that the County has and may still apply for, either in an annual application cycle or after a disaster declaration. Most of these require a local cost share, which is usually assumed by the benefitting property owner. Most are provided to local governments, not directly to the property owner. Monroe County RLAA — 26 — February 1, 2020 On page 29 is a matrix summarizing the programs and the types of projects they fund. Federal Grants Hazard Mitigation Grant Program: HMGP grants are provided to communities following a Presidential Disaster Declaration. They are administered by FEMA. The key purpose of this grant program is to enact mitigation measures that reduce the risk of loss of life and property from future disasters. Grants are typically 75% FEMA and 25% non -Federal. The latter share can be funded by the state, the community, or, most often, by the property owner. For more information: www.fema.gov/hazard-mitigationag tion-grant-program. Flood Mitigation Assistance Grant Program: FMA provides funds to assist communities implement measures that reduce or eliminate the long-term risk of flood damage to buildings, manufactured homes, and other structures insured under the National Flood Insurance Program. Applicant properties must be covered by flood insurance because the NFIP funds these grants. Funds are typically made available by FEMA on an annual basis; a disaster declaration is not required. The cost share is similar to HMGP. For more information: www.fema.gov/flood- mitigation-assistance-grant-program. Pre -Disaster Mitigation: This FEMA program provides funds to states and communities for hazard mitigation planning and the implementation of mitigation projects for any natural hazard. As with FMA, PDM follows an annual competitive application process and is not tied to a disaster declaration. For more information: www.fema.gov/pre-disaster-mitigation-grant- pry Community Development Block Grant: There are two parts of this grant which is funded by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and administered through the Florida Department of Economic Opportunity (DEO). One has an annual appropriation and application process and funds projects that benefit low and moderate income families. The other CDBG program provides funds to the state after a disaster declaration. The current version of this is Rebuild Florida, described below. For more information: www.hud.gov/program_offices/comm planning/communitydevelopment/programs State Grants Rebuild Florida: This is a program of DEO to help Florida's long-term recovery efforts from Hurricanes Irma and Michael. It funds demolition, repair, reconstruction and elevation of primary homes. Monroe County has received Rebuild Florida funds and manages them under the Voluntary Home Buyout Program, which is described on the next page. Florida Forever: This program is the state's main funder of acquisition of conservation and recreation lands. It is administered by the Department of Environmental Protection which passes appropriated funds to a variety of other state agencies that acquire lands for their programs, such as the Division of Recreation and Parks and water management districts. The Legislature has not appropriated funds every year. The Florida Keys Environmental Stewardship Act was passed in 2016. It sets aside funds from Florida Forever for projects in the Keys. Monroe County RLAA — 27 — February 1, 2020 For more information: https:Hfloridadep�zov/lands/environmental-services/content/florida- forever and www.monroecounty-fl.gov/721/Florida-Keys-Stewardship-Act. Local Programs Voluntary Home Buyout Program: This is a County -managed program supported by funds from Rebuild Florida. It is described in more detail in the box below. Voluntary Home Buyout Program In September 2019, Monroe County submitted an application to the state for this disaster recovery program. Its objective is to acquire residential property in high flood -risk areas impacted by Hurricane Irma. Under this program, the County will purchase properties at the pre -Hurricane Irma fair market value for both the land and the structure. Priority properties are located in low - and moderate -income areas. Any existing structures will be demolished, and the property will be used for permanent open space, conservation, recreation, or stormwater manage- ment systems in perpetuity. The County's submittal had 62 properties that owners voluntarily signed up for. The total cost was estimated at more than $25 million. To date, the State has allocated only $15 million to the County, so a point prioritization system was approved by the Board of County Commissioners: 5 points for homes that were substantially damaged as a result of Hurricane Irma; 5 points for homes that are located in the V Zone; 5 points for repetitive loss structures as designated by the NFIP; 10 points for severe repetitive loss structures as designated by the NFIP, and 5 points for high probability of sea level rise inundation as detailed in the maps in the County's GreenKeys Plan. It should be noted that repetitive loss and severe repetitive loss structures are those specifically designated by FEMA based on flood insurance claims. It does not include other properties located in the mapped repetitive loss areas that only had one or no insurance claims. Property owners may still apply in case more funds are made available. For more information, see www.monroecounty-fl.gov/1133/Voluntary-Home-Buyout-Program Land Authority acquisition program: This is a program to acquire designated natural areas, habitat and habitat buffer areas for threatened or endangered species, sites to build resilient affordable housing, designated V zone properties, areas for recreational facilities, and areas with deteriorated infrastructure where the cost of maintaining and/or repairing the infrastructure exceeds the value of private lands." (Year 2030 Comprehensive Plan Policy 102.4.2) Sales must be voluntary. Monroe County Density Reduction Lot acquisition program: This is a voluntary program to retire development rights for certain properties. The County purchases the property from willing sellers. Purchased lots can be sold, but they come with a deed restriction to prohibit the development of the property with new housing units. The revenue derived from the sale of these deed restricted properties can help replenish the program's funds. Monroe County RLAA — 28 — February 1, 2020 Monroe County Less Than Fee acquisition program: This is another voluntary program to retire building rights. The County purchases the right to build a house on a vacant property from adjacent property owners. The owners retain ownership of their vacant property, but they can only use it for legally allowed accessory uses like a swimming pool, open yard or garage. Flood Insurance A flood insurance claim is paid directly to the policy holder after a flood. It can help fund nonstructural projects in two ways. The first is to incorporate mitigation measures in the repairs and reconstruction funded by a claim payment. For example, an area can be wet floodproofing by replacing a flooded wooden floor with a tile or concrete floor that can be flooded again without being damaged. The second tool is Increased Cost of Compliance. This comes automatically with all flood insurance policies. Up to $30,000 is available as an additional claim payment to help pay for a mitigation measure that is required by law. For example, if a flooded house was deemed to be substantially damaged, it would be required to be elevated. ICC can help fund the mandated project. It can also be used toward the non -Federal match of a FEMA or HUD grant. As a flood insurance claim tool, it can only be used if the damage was caused by a flood. For more information: www.fema. gov/increased-cost-compliance-coverage Eligible Activities by Funding Program c J U) c O 4 O) 2 E > [p O O O C O C N O O O O E O - O - O C O � -O O O �O O N � M > (1) EL- C Q Q L 03 0 0 Hazard Mitigation Grant Program ✓ ✓ ✓ 2 ✓ Flood Mitigation Assistance Grant ✓ ✓ ✓ 2 ✓ Pre -Disaster Mitigation ✓ ✓ ✓ 2 ✓ Community Development Block Grant ✓ ✓ ✓ Rebuild Florida ✓ ✓ Florida Forever ✓ Voluntary Home Buyout Program ✓ Land Authority acquisition program ✓ ✓ Density Reduction Lot acquisition ✓ Less Than Fee acquisition ✓ Flood insurance claim payment ✓ ✓ Increased Cost of Compliance ✓ ✓ 1. While no program's description identifies barriers as eligible projects, barriers can be one of the most inexpensive measures, so full funding support may not be needed. 2. Only funds dry floodproofing of nonresidential buildings Monroe County RLAA - 29 - February 1, 2020 Acquisition This mitigation measure involves buying the repetitive loss property and clearing the site. This is particularly useful in areas where the cost to rebuild private properties and public infrastructure exceeds the value of properties in the area. The biggest constraint to use of this approach is funding: while it is the most effective nonstructural measure, it is also the most expensive. There are several grant programs that fund acquisition, as noted in the previous section. Some of the programs currently administered in the County have other objectives, such as supporting affordable housing. There are two programs that specifically support flood mitigation: the Voluntary Home Buyout Program and the Monroe County Land Authority. Acquiring repetitively flooded properties supports the "managed retreat" approach, which is the voluntary buyout of homes to allow the shoreline to move inland. High -risk areas are identified where this type of policy is the best long term solution. Then acquisition, planning, and regulatory techniques are used to reduce or stop development in the areas and relocate existing development out of harm's way. Advantages of acquisition: It is the best way to avoid building damage: remove the building from harm's way Depending on the funding source, the land can be reused for a public benefit, such as a park, habitat, stormwater basin, or drainage improvements. Land Authority priorities take growth pressures off of flood prone areas, sensitive lands and critical areas. Create more open space that may handle flood waters or restore vegetation as a buffer. Disadvantages of acquisition: If FEMA funds are used, the owner must be a willing seller. If there are unwilling sellers, a project will result in a checkerboard pattern of empty lots next to lots with buildings whose owners did not want to sell (right). If FEMA funds are used, the parcel must be deeded to a public agency that agrees to keep it in open space. There is a concern about the County owning and being responsible for maintenance of a number of small lots scattered around the County There is a related concern about the loss of property tax revenue. Monroe County RLAA — 30 — February 1, 2020 Acquisition at fair market value can be very expensive. It is not usually done without outside funding. This adds time and work to the process. Re ug latory restrictions on acquisition: There are no restrictions on removing a building from a hazard area. There may be restrictions if the structure will be physically moved to another site. Elevation Getting the building and utilities above the flood level on its existing site is considered the most effective approach to mitigating on site. All damageable portions of the building and its contents are high and dry during a flood, which flows under the building instead of into it. The effectiveness of elevation after a storm is shown in the pictures from Big Pine Key below. rt . House near shoreline and subject to wave action/ high water velocity was washed off its foundation and destroyed. "Figure 3-3: Typical range in flood damage observed along Avenue D, in order along the street as indicated (Big Pine Key, FL)" from page 3-4 of Hurricane Irma in Florida, Mitigation Assessment Team Report, ("MAT Report") FEMA P-2023, 2018 Monroe County RLAA — 31 — February 1, 2020 If a residential building is substantially improved or substantially damaged beyond 50% of its pre -storm value, the County's ordinance and National Flood Insurance Program regulations require the building to be elevated above the base flood elevation (see "Terminology" and "County Code Definitions," Appendix Q. Depending on the foundation type, elevation can also be the most expensive measure. Most of the cost to elevate a building is in the preparation and founda- tion construction. The cost to elevate six feet is little more than the cost to go up two feet. Elevating an existing building is usually cost-effective for wood frame buildings on posts/piles or crawlspace New and substantially improved buildings in the VE Zone have the bottom of the lowest supporting member of the lowestfloor elevated at or above the base flood elevation plus one foot. Enclosures must be 299 square feet or less and able to break away during a storm. This worked in the above case. Buildings in the AE Zone can have floodable enclosures below the elevated floor, as in the case of the photo 4 on the next page. — Hurricane Irma in Florida, FEMA P-20233, 2018 because it is easiest to get lifting equip- ment under the floor and disruption to the habitable part of the house is minimal. Elevating a slab house is much more costly and disruptive. There are several grant programs that can support elevation projects. The County has applied for and may still apply under FEMA's PDM and FMA programs at any time. Three properties were elevated with these funds recently. Further, after Irma, the State initiated Rebuild Florida funded by HUD and set aside $50 million for projects such as this. Advantages of elevation: Best protection for a building left on site Will bring a substantially damaged structure up to code requirements Can reduce flood insurance premiums for buildings in the SFHA Eligible for most mitigation grants (provided the lowest floor is elevated at least two feet above the base flood elevation) Disadvantages of elevation: —> Projects can be very expensive, especially for slab foundations (e.g., > $100,000) The area below the elevated floor must remain floodable (see "wet floodproofing," page 37) Owners may resist because the appearance of the structure will change or they have trouble with stairs. Monroe County RLAA — 32 — February 1, 2020 Re ug latory restrictions on elevation projects: The project should meet all regulatory requirements for a new elevated building in the SFHA (found at www.monroecouniy-fl.gov/692Building-Requirements). This will also qualify the structure for lower flood insurance premiums. Enclosed areas below elevated buildings are limited to 299 square feet. There are zoning restrictions on the height of the peak of the roof. There may be issue with meeting setback requirements with additions of stairs, landings and utilities. Mitigation Reconstruction This approach is based on the determination that the building is in bad shape and is not worth the cost of elevating or retrofitting. The building is torn down and a new one is constructed on the site. As a new building, it must meet all the flood and building code standards in force at the time. In effect, the owner obtains a new home and the community replaces a damage -prone house for one that meets all the mitigation criteria. Advantages of mitigation reconstruction: Best protection short of removing the building from the flood hazard area Will replace a substantially damaged structure for one that meets code requirements Will reduce flood insurance premiums for buildings in the SFHA Eligible for most mitigation grants, including Rebuild Florida Disadvantages of mitigation reconstruction: Can be expensive. It may be difficult for the owner of a dilapidated building to afford a new residence. The cost of construction in the County is well above average, reducing the number of people who can afford this measure. Re ug latory restrictions on mitigation reconstruction: The new building would have to meet all code requirements for a new building. Some of these are discussed under Elevation regulatory restrictions. Barriers Small floodwalls or berms constructed around one or more properties are more dependable if flood depths are less than 3 feet and floodwaters rise and fall quickly. Levees and berms are more suitable for larger lots, and small floodwalls that are located close to the house are appropriate for Monroe County neighborhoods with limited front and side yard space. Monroe County RLAA — 33 — February 1, 2020 The following provisions need to be considered in the design of a barrier: There should be minimal openings in the barrier. These generally require "human inter- vention," meaning someone needs to be available to put sandbags or a moveable gate in the gap and have enough lead time to take action. If floodwaters remain for several hours or days, there will likely be seepage under the barrier. The more permeable the soil, the more floodwaters seep under the barrier. The Soil Survey ofMonroe County, Keys Area, Florida, US Natural Resources Conservation Service, 1995, identifies 19 soils types in the County. All but two are listed as Hydrologic Group D, which is described as Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink - swell potential, soils that have a permanent high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. Soils 7 (Udorthents) and 16 (Bahiahonda) are in Hydrologic Group B, which "have a moderate rate of water transmission." In effect, most of the soil types in the County would be appropriate for barriers with limited under seepage. However, the soil type should be checked for each location. One can access the Soil Survey and the maps (example, right) at https://ufdc.ufl.edu/LIF00025712/00001/88x Even if a property is not located in soils 7 or 16, it is still a good idea to have a soil sample checked by an engineer to determine the rate of permeability. A system may be needed to prevent sanitary sewer backup from flowing into the building. Advantages of barriers: —> Lower cost. A berm of earth can be built by the owner. No need to alter or modify the building. Disadvantages of barriers: Will not fit on small lots with no room to set the barrier back from the property line. If human intervention is needed, there needs to be someone available on short notice to close openings, etc C Monroe County RLAA — 34 — February 1, 2020 Inspections and maintenance needed to fix holes or cracks that may develop over time. If overtopped, the flood damage will be the same as if there was no mitigation measure. Will not bring a substantially damaged structure up to code requirements Does not reduce flood insurance premiums Not eligible for most mitigation grants Regulatory restrictions on barriers: The Florida Building Code prohibits diverting water onto someone else's land. It can be difficult to set a barrier far enough back from the property line to meet this requirement. Solid walls and filling projects of a size large enough to control flooding are not allowed in V Zones. As structures, barriers would need to meet setbacks and open space and clearing allowances. —> No filling is permitted in mangroves, wetlands or submerged lands. Dry Floodproofing This technique involves making the building walls watertight and capable of withstanding water pressures. In effect, the walls and floor are the barrier to water. Therefore, it only works for a building with a waterproof floor, i.e., a building on a slab foundation. The following provisions need to be considered in a dry floodproofing design: Make sure there are no cracks in the slab. Impermeabl+ wall surface Gasket alone .... 1 edge of fl Shield N Flood level ,- r _ J Bolted connection Shield For dry floodproofing, the walls are made watertight and all openings are protected with permanent or removable shields. — Floodproofing Non -Residential Buildings, FEMA Monroe County RLAA — 35 — February 1, 2020 Make the walls watertight. This is easiest to do for concrete or masonry walls. The walls can be covered with a waterproof sealant and with a brick or stucco veneer to camouflage the sealant. Houses with wood, vinyl, or metal siding need to be wrapped with plastic sheeting to make the walls watertight, and then covered with a veneer to protect the plastic sheeting. Do not attempt to dry floodproof more than 2 — 3 feet above the slab. A house is not built strong enough to withstand a lot of lateral pressure. Even if the building is in sound condition, tests by the Army Corps of Engineers have shown that water pressure on a typical house can collapse the walls and/or buckle the floor. Account for sewer backup and other sources of water entering the building. For shallow flood levels, this can be done with a floor drain plug, standpipe, or backup valve. Provide closures, such as removable shields or sandbags, for the openings; including doors, windows, dryer vents, and weep holes. Floor drain float plug Not all parts of a structure need to be dry floodproofed. It is difficult to floodproof a garage door, for example, so some owners let the garage flood and floodproof the walls between the garage and the rest of the house. Appliances, electrical outlets, and other damage -prone materials located in the garage should be elevated above the expected flood levels (see example, page 37). Advantages of dry floodproofing: Lower cost Does not divert water problems to the neighbors Will bring a substantially damaged nonresidential structure up to code requirements Can reduce flood insurance premiums for a nonresidential structure in the SFHA Eligible for most mitigation grants for nonresidential buildings Disadvantages of dry floodproofing_: —> Not effective for elevated buildings or buildings on crawlspaces —> If human intervention is needed, there needs to be someone available on short notice to close openings, etc. —> Will not bring a substantially damaged residential structure up to code requirements —> Does not reduce flood insurance premiums for a residential building —> Not eligible for most mitigation grants for residential buildings Regulatory restrictions on dry floodproofing: If the building is substantially damaged or the project is a substantial improvement in the SFHA, then this measure is only allowed for nonresidential buildings. Monroe County RLAA — 36 — February 1, 2020 Wet Floodproofing The wet floodproofing approach allows water into the building so there is no water pressure on the walls and floor. Everything that could be damaged by a flood is removed or elevated above the flood level. Structural components below the flood level are replaced with materials that are not subject to water damage. For example, concrete block walls are used instead of wooden studs and gypsum wallboard. The air-conditioning components and water heater are permanently relocated to a higher floor. ELECTRICAL FIXTURES AIR HANDLER & WATER HEATER MOVED TO 'HIGH ER LEVEL �-d .. ...I. .....1 LIM IT STORAGE TO READILY OPENINGS ALLOY) WATER MOVEABLE ITMS TO ENfI=R AND �XFF It can be seen that wet floodproofing only works for two types of buildings: Buildings with a second floor. There must be a level above the flooded area for everything that needs to stay dry. Elevated buildings and buildings on crawlspaces with air-conditioning components, ductwork, or other utilities below the first floor, where the area below the first floor is wet floodproofed. Advantages of wet floodproofing: —> No matter how little is done, flood damage is reduced. See the examples below. —> Lower cost —> Does not divert water problems to the neighbors Because the building will effectively be an elevated structure, wet floodproofing has the same benefits as elevation if the elevated floor is at or above the BFE: Monroe County RLAA — 37 — February 1, 2020 o Will bring a substantially damaged structure up to code requirements o Can reduce flood insurance premiums for a structure in the SFHA o Eligible for most mitigation grants for buildings Disadvantages of wet floodproofing: The owner loses what might be a finished floor. While the area can still be used, there should be no carpeting, furniture, insulation, and other materials subject to water damage that cannot be removed in time. —> If items are kept or stored in the floodable area, there needs to be adequate warning time to remove damageable contents. —> Clean up after the flood is still required. Regulatory restrictions on wet floodproofing: Generally there are no permits required for moving things out of a floodable area. However, altering the electrical system or installing openings in the building walls may need permits. Therefore, check with Building & Permitting for permit requirements for a specific project. Power outlet Thousands of dollars in damage can be prevented by simply elevating appliances in a garage or raising an air conditioning unit on blocks, above the flood level. Flood Insurance Although not a measure that mitigates property damage from a flood, a National Flood Insurance Program flood insurance policy has the following advantages for the homeowner or renter: A smaller flood may not result in a disaster declaration. Flood insurance may be the only source of assistance to help owners of damaged property pay for cleanup and repairs. There are more private flood insurance policies on the market today. This section only applies to policies sold under the National Flood Insurance Program. Monroe County RLAA — 38 — February 1, 2020 A policy is always in effect — there is no need for human intervention. It is an excellent "backup" for a flood protection project where the flood is higher than the protection level. Coverage is available for the contents of a home as well as for the structure. Renters can buy contents coverage, even if the building owner does not buy coverage for the structure itself. Policy holders may be eligible for funding for a mitigation project after a flood through Increased Cost of Compliance (see www.fema.gov/increased-cost-compliance-coverage). Flood insurance premiums are based on several factors, including the flood zone of the building, the age of the structure, and how high the lowest floor is above or below the base flood elevation. Properties in Zone X, outside the Special Flood Hazard Area, generally have the lowest premiums, but properties in the SFHA with the lowest floor a foot or more above the BFE can actually have lower premiums because their flood protection level is documented. Premiums are going up for all buildings, especially buildings that are not primary residences, severe repetitive loss properties, and those buildings constructed before the County joined the National Flood Insurance Program in June 1973. The County is in the NFIP's Community Rating System as a Class 5, which pro- Comparison of Insurance Premiums Type Zone Elevation * Premium Pre-1970 AE N/A $1,030 Elevation Rated AE 3 feet > BFE $283 Elevation Rated AE 2 feet > BFE $365 Elevation Rated AE 1 feet > BFE $597 Elevation Rated AE At BFE $1,235 Elevation Rated AE 1 feet < BFE $2,793 Out of SFHA X N/A $910 Premiums are for an primary residence one story single family house, on a slab foundation, $100,000 coverage on the structure, no contents coverage, $1,500 deductible, CRS Class 5. A second home or rental property would have a higher premium. The BFEs is found on the County's Flood Insurance Rate Map. See Appendix C —Source: October 2019 Flood Insurance Manual. vides a 25% reduction in premiums on SFHA properties. The best way to reduce the cost of flood insurance is to elevate the building above the base flood elevation. Nonresidential structures that have been dry floodproofed to one foot above the BFE can also benefit from lower premiums. The reduction in premiums for buildings that are higher than the base flood elevation ("> BFE") can be seen in the Comparison of Insurance Premiums table above. The rates and premiums are different for other types of buildings. For more information on National Flood Insurance Program insurance policies, see https://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program and https://www.floodsmart.gov/ Monroe County RLAA — 39 — February 1, 2020 References General References Homeowner's Guide to Retrofitting, 3rd Edition, FEMA (2014), FEMA P-312, https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/480 (Covers all the measures discussed in Chapter 7) Floodproofing: How to evaluate your options, US Army Corps of Engineers, 1993, httDS:Hcdm l 602l . contentdm. ocic. ora/digital/collection/n 16021 Coll 11/id/3 56 Reducing Flood Risk to Residential Buildings That Cannot Be Elevated, FEMA, 2015, FEMA P-1037, https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/109669 Elevation Raising and moving the slab -on -grade house with slab attached, FEMA, 1990, https:Hcdml602l.contentdm.ocic.org/digital/collection/p 16021 Coll 11/id/4 Crawlspace Construction for Buildings Located in Special Flood Hazard Areas, FEMA, 2001, Technical Bulletin 11, https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/3527 Protecting Manufactured Homes from Floods and Other Hazards, FEMA, 2009, FEMA P-85, https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/2574 Dry Floodproofing Floodproofing Non -Residential Buildings, FEMA, 2013, FEMA P-936, https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/34270 Non -Residential Floodproofing - Requirements and Certification, FEMA, 1993, Technical Bulletin 3, htti)s://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/3473 Wet Floodproofing Wet Floodproofing Requirements, FEMA, 1993, Technical Bulletin 7, https://www.fema.gov/media-librga/assets/documents/3503 Protecting Building Utility Systems From Flood Damage, FEMA, 2017, FEMA P-348, https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/3729 Flood Damage Resistant Materials Requirements, FEMA, 2008, Technical Bulletin 2, https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/2655 Openings in Foundation Walls and Walls of Enclosures, FEMA, 2008, Technical Bulletin 1, https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/2644 Monroe County RLAA — 40 — February 1, 2020 Chapter 4. Selecting Mitigation Measures Chapter 3 reviews two kinds of mitigation measures: structural flood control projects that work to keep water away from a building and nonstructural measures that reduce a building's vulner- ability to damage by flood waters. Flood control projects are typically implemented by a govern- ment agency on public property and building mitigation measures are usually implemented by the building owner. As noted at the beginning of Chapter 3, it is not a case of doing one or the other. Each can be more effective in different situations, so both approaches should be pursued. However, since the measures are usually the responsibility of different parties, this Chapter does treat them separately, i.e., how should the County proceed and what should a property owner do. County Projects The review of flood control projects in Chapter 3 identifies two general types of projects: beach protection (beach structures, beach nourishment, and seawalls) and drainage improvements. Beach projects: The County should review its existing policies on beach projects. It should review the advantages and disadvantages, regulatory restrictions, and the predictions on sea level rise and determine whether current policies need to be revisited. This is consistent with the County's Year 2030 Comprehensive Plan, Policy 1503.1.8 which directs the County to evaluate and develop potential stabilization options: Within five (5) years after the adoption of the 2030 Comprehensive Plan [2016], Monroe County shall develop a shoreline stabilization strategy to protect and enhance the built and natural environments from erosion and sea level rise impacts prioritizing natural green infrastructure approaches. Monroe County shall assure shoreline stabilization strategies are found to be in the public interest in light of that area's vulnerability to climate change impacts. Monroe County shall also consider public access to beaches, minimizing adverse impacts to coastal processes and resources, impacts to neighboring properties, and the values and functions of beaches and coastal/marine systems, relative to shoreline stabilization strategies. Drainage improvements: The County's drainage improvements are all related to projects on County property, especially County roads. These are being implemented with available funds in a priority order based on need and road conditions. The program to raise roads to protect them from high tides and sea level rise has started with an analysis of all known problem sites. It will identify which projects to prioritize based on the inundation risk, including nuisance flooding. Monroe County RLAA — 41 — February 1, 2020 In short, the County is already reviewing and selecting flood control measures that meet County policies and standards for public funding. Nonstructural Projects Elevation, floodproofing, and the other nonstructural projects are done on private property, typically by the owner, or at least with the owner's initiative and involvement. There are 9,545 buildings in the repetitive loss areas. Each building is different and the County's database does not have complete data on all of them. Therefore, this section provides a step-by-step process that owners (and County staff) can use to select the appropriate measure or measures. It is written in second person, addressed to the owners. Step 1. Know your hazard: Start with a clear idea of where your floodwaters come from and how high they may go. Check with your neighbors who have lived there longer than you. How high did past floods go? Often past floods did not go as high as the National Flood Insurance Program's or the County's flood protection levels. NFIP premium reductions start for buildings with the lowest floor at or above the base flood elevation (BFE). Premium rates are reduced if the building is protected to a higher level. The County and the Florida Building Code require new construction and substantial improve- ments to be at least one foot above the BFE. It is recommended that a voluntary mitigation project protect to at least that level. Why protect to the last flood if going one or two feet higher will provide better protection and, possibly, help reduce your flood insurance premium? You can find information on the flood hazard and the base flood elevation at the Monroe County Planning and Environmental Resources Department. Base flood elevations are shown on the County's Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM). You can see the current effective FIRM at http:/msc.fema.gov. FEMA has published draft revisions to the FIRM, which can be seen at www.monroecouniy-fl.gov/ 1151/New-Draft-Coastal-Flood-Maps. An example is to the right. The drafts may show higher eleva- tions that will take effect in the near future. Both the current and draft FIRMS are on aerial photo base maps, so you can locate your house on the flood hazard map. For more information on FIRMS, see Appendix C and the County's "Know Your Flood Risk" webpage, http://www.monroecouniy-fl.gov/1084/Know-Your-Flood-Risk v EMA Step 2. Know your building: The most important factor in selecting mitigation measures is the foundation. What type is it? Is it in sound condition? Other information is identified in the Mitigation Selection Matrix on page 45. The field surveying work by the County in 2017 and 2019 collected this information and recorded it in a database used for this report. Monroe County RLAA — 42 — February 1, 2020 The database is open to the public and can be accessed at https://mcgis4.monroecounty- fl.gov/MCGIS/CRS/CRS RLAA Public.html. You can download a summary sheet for any property like the generic one illustrated here. Note that the sheet may have entries such as "No Data" or "Unable to Determine." The summary sheet shows what the surveyor could see. There were many occasions where the field surveyor could not see an item from the street. Two examples of this problem are shown below. It is also possible that the information collected in 2017 is no longer correct or the field surveyor did not see the whole structure. It would be helpful for the County's efforts if the correct information was provided by the owner. To get the database dtd rid rr t mil Property ID: 00000000-000000 Monroe County, Florida Repetitive Loss Area: 43^ 30 Beautiful Drive Subdivision_ Beautiful Drive Subdivision Longitude: 520 26' 38.461" W Latitude: 35' 39' 9.589" N Observations Number of Stories_ 1 Date of Construction: 1971 Elevated: No Data Walls_ Wood. Frame Foundation Type- Slab on grade HVAC_ Unable to Determine 13 one - >cn ream me Zan m 2019 un�rre—me 1--mmure 1�e ca.ea e� - .,jai oosau—, such as veae—, ano rences. conecoanm Example Property Summary Sheet (the actual sheets have a photo of the building) up a e a co ec , e a Floodinformationgmonroecounty-fl.gov or call (305)_407-5685 9(EEP OUT f These are examples of photos on the summary sheets where the field surveyor could not see all the items that were needed. For example, one cannot verify the foundation type for the building on the left. Monroe County RLAA — 43 — February 1, 2020 Step 3. Determine the building condition: If the structure is in bad shape, is it worth a mitigation project to protect it? Should you pursue an acquisition project or tear it down and build a new building that meets all the flood protection code standards? There are programs that might be able to provide financial assistance for these options. If it is on a slab -on -grade foundation, is the slab in good shape? Are there any cracks that would mean that a dry floodproofing project would leak? If the building is on an elevated foundation or crawlspace, are the supports and floor joists in good condition? Are there cracks in the walls or other signs of settling? These don't mean you cannot do a mitigation project, but an engineer or contractor should be aware of any weaknesses when they plan the project. Step 4. Go through the Mitigation Selection Matrix: On the next page is a matrix to help select the most appropriate mitigation measure. This process is not an absolute determinant. It does not replace an onsite inspection by an architect, engineer, or experienced contractor. It is designed to give you the more likely cost-effective mitigation approaches for your building. Step 5. Check on regulatory requirements: Start with getting familiar with the basic rules which are summarized on the Building and Permitting Department's website: —> http://www.monroecounty-fl.gov/692/Building-Requirements and —> http://www.monroecounty-fl.gov/693Build-ResponsiblyProtect-Your-Property Some of the rules are different for properties in the Special Flood Hazard Area (see "Terminol- ogy" In Appendix C) and some of the standards in V Zones are different from those in A Zones. Sit down with a permit official. Contact information is provided in the above websites. See if there are limitations to what you'd like to do. If so, discuss what options there are. Limitations don't mean you cannot do something, it means that there may need to be adjustments to, for example, ensure that you don't increase a flooding problem on a neighbor. The most important regulatory requirement is the substantial improvement or the "50% rule." It only applies to properties in the SFHA, but that includes most of the County. If the cost of your project is more that 50% of the value of your existing building, then it will be considered a substantial improvement. For a residence, this means that elevation, acquisition, or mitigation reconstruction are your only options. For a nonresidential building, dry floodproofing would be one more allowable option, too. In both cases, you will have to protect the building to one foot above the BFE. After a flood, fire, or other damage to the building, if the cost to repair the building equals or exceeds the value of the building before the damage, then it is considered substantially damaged and the substantial improvement rule applies, too. The above websites have links to more information on these requirements. Monroe County RLAA — 44 — February 1, 2020 Step 6. Check out funding possibilities: Chapter 3 identifies some funding sources and which measures are eligible or not eligible. A flood insurance policy can help after a flood. Certain kinds of disaster assistance can help after a disaster that is large enough to warrant a disaster declaration, but it makes more sense to mitigate before the next big storm. The Floodplain Management and Emergency Management offices may know of more recent opportunities. Building Mitigation Selection Matrix Building Mitigation Selection Matrix c o U 0) � 0) � i +J 0 O O i C O C O Q Q 0 to P M tea) N L L O O Q w CO 0 Dilapidated building 1 1 Flood depth < 2' over the first floor Manufactured, modular housing 4 1 4 2 3 Piers, posts, open elevated foundation 3 1 3 2 Crawlspace or elevated w/enclosure 4 1 4 2 3 Slab -on -grade, concrete or masonry walls 3 4 3 1 2 Slab -on -grade, other types of walls 2 4 2 1 Flood depth > 2' over the first floor Manufactured, modular housing 3 1 3 2 Piers, posts, open elevated foundation 2 1 2 Crawlspace or elevated w/enclosure 3 1 3 2 Slab -on -grade, one story 2 1 2 Slab -on -grade, two or more stories 3 2 3 1 V Zone regulatory restrictions X Residential substantial improvement in SFHA X X X Nonresidential substantial improvement in SFHA X X Residential eligible for Funding? $ $ $ Nonresidential eligible for Funding? $ $ $ $ Numbers are 1st choice, 2nd choice, etc. X = not permitted. See the "regulatory restrictions" headings in Chapter 3. $ = eligible for most grant programs, provided protection is to the BFE "Substantial improvement" includes substantially damaged buildings Monroe County RLAA — 45 — February 1, 2020 This matrix provides a preliminary recommendation for mitigation measures based on summary information on the building. It is designed to provide guidance on where to start. It does not replace a site inspection by a qualified engineer or architect. If the building is in good condition, determine the depth of past flooding over the first floor. What is the highest the water has gotten? There are more possible approaches to protecting a building to a flood depth of less than two feet over the first floor (< 2'), including barriers and dry floodproofing. The options for buildings that have been or can expect to be in deeper floodwaters (> 2' over the first floor) are generally limited to elevation, acquisition, and letting the lower area flood (wet floodproofing). After you've identified the flood depth, check the type of construction or foundation. Manufactured homes and buildings on crawlspaces are relatively easy to raise to a higher level, so the first choice is to elevate them. This is shown by the number "1" in the "Elevation" column. The matrix shows the second choice ('2"), third choice (" 3"), etc. These are not as effective or may be more expensive than the first choice, but they can still help reduce the risk of damage. There may also be a regulatory restriction on a measure. For example, if a residential building in the Special Flood Hazard Area is substantially damaged or being substantially improved, it can only be elevated or moved out of harm's way. County and NFIP regulations do not allow barriers or floodproofing under these conditions. This is shown by the "X" in the column for those measures. Step 7. Implement what you decide to do. Step 8. Maintain or obtain a flood insurance policy. Except for acquisition, no mitigation measure is a 100% guarantee against a higher flood in the future. Your premiums may well be lowered by your project and if there is substantial damage from a flood, your policy will help cover the cost of a more secure mitigation measure. Monroe County RLAA — 46 — February 1, 2020 Chapter 5. Recommendations As noted in Chapters 3 and 4, there are two main categories of measures to address the County's repetitive flooding: flood control projects implemented by the County and building mitigation projects initiated by the property owners. The following recommendations are therefore organized by the lead entity. County Actions 1. Adopt this Area Analysis according to the process detailed in the CRS Coordinator's Manual. a. Lead office: Building Department/Monroe County BOCC b. Timeline: January 2020 c. Funding: Staff time and/or with assistance from consultants d. Note: For continued CRS credit, there must be an annual evaluation report and an update every three years, so there will be a need for some staff or consultant time every year. 2. Complete the Shoreline Stabilization Strategy proposed in the 2030 Comprehensive Plan. a. Lead office: Planning & Environmental Resources Department b. Timeline: To be initiated in 2020 and completed by April 2021. c. Funding: To be determined (this may be done by in-house staff or with the assistance of a consultant) d. Note: This will provide guidance and set priorities for County beach nourishment and other shoreline protection projects. 3. Complete the analysis of repetitively flooded critical facilities, roads, and stormwater locations pursuant to the Roads Adaptation Plan. a. Lead office: Sustainability b. Timeline: Initiated in 2019, to be completed in 2020. c. Funding: No new funds are needed for this analysis as this project has already been budgeted. d. Note: This will provide guidance and set priorities for County projects to protect critical facilities, raise roadways above expected future flood levels, and improve stormwater facilities. 4. Encourage and assist the owners of repetitively flooded structures to pursue mitigation measures including: acquisition, elevation, mitigation reconstruction, barriers, and floodproofing. a. Lead office: Building Department Monroe County RLAA — 47 — February 1, 2020 b. Timeline: Ongoing c. Funding: Staff time and or with assistance from consultants d. Note: This is currently being done under credited CRS outreach projects that provide information and technical assistance to property owners on mitigation measures. The projects also advise the reader to contact the Monroe County Building Department for advice on potential mitigation resources. Other than revising the information provided by these projects, there is no expected need for new resources. 5. Develop a website devoted to the property mitigation measures recommended by this Analysis. a. Lead office: Building Department/Floodplain Management b. Timeline:2020 c. Funding: Staff time d. Note: This site would include summaries of the measures, the Mitigation Selection Matrix in Chapter 4, and links to more information, County staff contacts, and financial assistance programs. It would qualify for the CRS' website credit. 6. Continue to assist interested property owners in applying for mitigation grants. a. Lead office: Building Department/Floodplain Management b. Timeline: Ongoing c. Funding: Staff time and/or with assistance from consultants Property Owner Actions 7. Learn about property mitigation and funding sources and pursue one or more mitigation projects in accordance with the seven steps outlined in Chapter 4. a. Lead: Property owners b. Timeline: Ongoing c. Funding: Personal time for research. Personal funds for implementation (except those projects that are eligible for funding assistance). d. Note: County Actions 4, 5, and 6 would provide support for this task. 8. Purchase or maintain a flood insurance policy on the building and/or contents. a. Lead: Property owners and renters b. Timeline: Ongoing c. Funding: Personal funds to pay the insurance premiums. d. Note: See the discussion and website links at the end of Chapter 4 Monroe County RLAA — 48 — February 1, 2020 9. Stay up to date with what Monroe County is doing in regard to flood protection, including announcements on available financial assistance. a. Lead: Property owners and renters b. Timeline: Ongoing c. Funding: Personal time for periodically checking the mitigation measures website that will be developed (County Action 5). Monroe County RLAA — 49 — February 1, 2020 Appendix A. Repetitive Loss Area Summaries There are 60 repetitive loss areas in Monroe County. They are numbered 1 — 27 and 29 — 61. The original Area 28 was a single repetitive loss property. During the analysis it was concluded that the property better fits in an adjacent repetitive loss area, so it was merged into that other area. It was decided to not renumber all the rest of the areas because the databases were already tied to the numbers. Questionnaire responses: The notice to residents about the upcoming repetitive loss area analysis went to the Upper Keys on June 8 and to the Lower Keys August 30, 2017, just before Hurricane Irma. This timing explains why 15 of the returned questionnaires came from the Upper Keys and none were submitted from properties in the Lower Keys. Therefore, the invitation was distributed again with the County's annual outreach project, which is shown on page 5. Only one response was received this time, also from the Upper Keys. Of the 20 questionnaires received from both of these efforts, four of them were outside the 60 repetitive loss areas. The rest came from six of the areas — 4, 7, 9, 12, 13, and 16. Their comments are summarized on the pages for those areas. Of the 20, only seven reported having been flooded. Fourteen carry a National Flood Insurance Program policy and 15 responded "yes" to the question "Are you interested in learning more about flood mitigation (methods of reducing the risk of flooding to a building and its contently' Maps: This Appendix has a map for each of the 60 areas. The area boundaries were drawn to include three types of properties: —> Properties on the original FEMA repetitive loss list, Nearby properties with one flood insurance claim. Some of these properties had two flood insurance claims that did not qualify as repetitive losses (e.g., two claims more than ten years apart), and —> Other similarly situated properties exposed to the same flood hazard. The numbers for each type are shown in the tables on the following pages. As explained in Chapter 1, the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. § 552a) requires that "personally identifiable information" such as the addresses of properties that are covered by flood insurance or have received flood insurance claims cannot be shown on maps that are made public. Therefore, the maps only show the streets and the boundaries of each area. There are ten areas where all the properties mapped are the ones on the FEMA repetitive loss list or have had other claims. Showing these areas would reveal information contrary to the Privacy Act. The property or area boundary is not shown on the maps for these ten areas. Instead, their maps only show their general location. Area Data Summaries A-1 February 1, 2020 Area Summary Tables, top rows: The top rows of information in the following tables provide general statistics about the properties. In some cases, there is "no data" for some of the entries. For example, it is difficult to determine if a building is occupied, especially after Irma, during the summer when the owners may live up north, or if the surveyor looked at a rental unit during the week it was empty. Rather than guess, the surveyor would leave the item blank. The land use data came from the County Property Appraiser's database. There are 9,545 properties in the 60 areas, broken down as follows: 9,359 Residential 132 Commercial 22 Institutional 18 Industrial 12 Government 2 Other Ninety-eight percent (98%) of the repetitive loss area properties are residential and, based on field data, the vast majority of the residential properties are single-family homes. Flood insurance claim data: The number of flood insurance claims is the number of all claims submitted. There were 17,190 claims submitted from these 60 areas since 1978. Thirty-five percent (5,985) of these claims were "closed without payment." This does not mean that those properties were not flooded. The most common reasons for not paying a claim are: —> The flood damage occurred during a new flood insurance policy's 30-day waiting period; The claims adjuster concluded that the eligible damage was less than the policy's deductible; or The water damage was not caused by a qualifying event, which is defined in a flood insurance policy as "A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of 2 or more acres of normally dry land area or of 2 or more properties from (a) Overflow of inland or tidal waters, (b) Unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source..." This last reason means that there is no coverage for flooding from a broken pipe or sewer backup. Similarly, there is no flood insurance coverage if a windstorm breaks a window and rain gets contents wet. Windstorm damage is not a covered peril on homeowners policies in Florida's coastal counties, so some people submit a flood insurance claim. If the only damage was origin- ally caused by a windstorm, the claim would be closed without payment (there is separate windstorm insurance available). This analysis considers all claims submitted as a good measure of the number and frequency of flooding problems, even if some claims were not paid. The claims closed without payment were not included in calculating the average claim payments. For example in Area 1, there were four claims submitted. One was closed without payment. The payments for the other three totaled $75,022 for an average payment of $25,007. Area Data Summaries A-2 February 1, 2020 Area Summary Tables, bottom rows: The bottom rows have information that guides the selection of appropriate building mitigation measures: Buldings with more than one story have a wet floodproofing option. Buildings on piers, posts, walls, or crawlspaces are the easiest to elevate. Those on walls or crawlspaces have wet floodproofing requirements. Buildings on slab -on -grade foundations are the only ones that can be dry floodproofed. Buildings with floors elevated eight feet or more may already be adequately mitigated. Wood frame walls, modular housing, and manufactured homes are best for elevation. Concrete and masonry walls on slab foundations are the best for dry floodproofing. These factors are included in the Building Mitigation Selection Matrix in Chapter 4, Area Data Summaries A-3 February 1, 2020 Area Location Maps Areas 1 — 22 are on or near Key Largo. This analysis does not include repetitive loss areas in the incorporated cities, between Tavernier and Big Pine Key. Area 23 is on West Summerland Key. The most westernmost repetitive loss area, 60, is just east of the Key West city limits. Area Data Summaries A-4 February 1, 2020 Area 1 Key Largo As a single property repetitive loss area on northern Key Largo, the exact location is not shown on a map. Area 1 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 4 Residential 1 Yes 1 Other claims Total payments $75,022 Commercial No Similarly situated Average payment $25,007 Institutional No data No data Total buildings 1 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 1 Piers, posts, etc. < 8 feet Concrete 2 Enclosed walls 8-12 feet Wood frame 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 1 4 Slab -on -grade 1 Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home No data Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-5 February 1, 2020 Area 2 Key Largo Both properties in northern Key Largo are on FFMA's repetitive loss list, so the exact location is not shown on a map. Area 2 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 2 Claims submitted 25 Residential Yes 2 Other claims Total payments $884,607 Commercial 2 No Similarly situated Average payment $52,036 Institutional No data No data Total buildings 2 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 1 Piers, posts, etc. < 8 feet Concrete 2 2 1 Enclosed walls 8-12 feet Wood frame 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 2 Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home No data Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-6 February 1, 2020 Area 3 Key Largo: Lake Surprise Estates and Sexton Cove Estates Area 3 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 14 Claims submitted 255 Residential 487 Yes 438 Other claims 130 Total payments $2,535,917 Commercial 1 No 11 Similarly situated 346 Average payment $11,686 Institutional 2 No data 41 No data Total buildings 490 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 381 Piers, posts, etc. 279 < 8 feet 334 Concrete 44 2 79 Enclosed walls 111 8-12 feet 60 Wood frame 12 3 30 Crawlspace 38 > 12+ feet 40 Masonry 2 4 Slab -on -grade 17 434 Modular housing 80 No data Other 14 Manufact. home 326 No data 31 Other 9 No data 17 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-7 February 1, 2020 Area 4 Key Largo: Paradise Point Cove, Stillwright Point Five questionnaires were completed by Area 4 residents. Only one reported having been flooded. That was in the yard in 2005 and 2012 by tropical storms and in 2019 by a king tide. Two of the properties had been wet flood - proofed and a third owner had regraded the yard for drainage protection. All three reported that their projects had been "beneficial." Two respondents listed locations of chronic street flooding needing County action. Area 4 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 59 Residential 155 Yes 150 Other claims 25 Total payments $1,153,219 Commercial No 1 Similarly situated 129 Average payment $28,127 Institutional No data 4 No data Total buildings 155 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 23 Piers, posts, etc. 7 < 8 feet 14 Concrete 99 2 93 Enclosed walls 127 8-12 feet 110 Wood frame 46 3 39 Crawlspace 5 > 12+ feet 15 Masonry 1 4 Slab -on -grade 8 139 Modular housing 6 No data Other 2 Manufact. home No data 6 Other No data 3 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-8 February 1, 2020 Area 5 Key Largo: Riviera Village Area 5 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 9 Residential 67 Yes 65 Other claims 3 Total payments $195,905 Commercial No Similarly situated 63 Average payment $32,651 Institutional No data 2 No data Total buildings 67 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 35 Piers, posts, etc. < 8 feet 7 Concrete 45 2 25 Enclosed walls 22 8-12 feet 16 Wood frame 17 3 7 Crawlspace 2 > 12+ feet 1 Masonry 2 4 Slab -on -grade 35 24 Modular housing No data Other 5 Manufact. home No data 3 Other No data 3 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-9 February 1, 2020 Area 6 Key Largo: Key Largo Mobile Homesites Area 6 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 15 Residential 59 Yes 58 Other claims 8 Total payments $72,527 Commercial No Similarly situated 51 Average payment $5,579 Institutional No data 2 No data Other 1 Total buildings 60 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 55 Piers, posts, etc. 3 < 8 feet 4 Concrete 4 2 4 Enclosed walls 8 8-12 feet 3 Wood frame 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet 4 Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 11 Modular housing 1 No data Other Manufact. home 54 No data 49 Other No data 1 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-10 February 1, 2020 Area 7 Key Largo: Bermuda Shores, Cross Key Waterways, and Twin Lakes W111 Two Area 7 residents completed the questionnaire described in Chapter 1, step 1. Neither had been flooded and neither had installed any mitigation measures. Area 7 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 3 Claims submitted 100 Residential 373 Yes 317 Other claims 63 Total payments $1,251,811 Commercial No 6 Similarly situated 307 Average payment $15,846 Institutional No data 50 No data Total buildings 373 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 246 Piers, posts, etc. 14 < 8 feet 9 Concrete 270 2 83 Enclosed walls 106 8-12 feet 51 Wood frame 74 3 29 Crawlspace 2 > 12+ feet 62 Masonry 2 4 5 Slab -on -grade 16 122 Modular housing 13 No data 10 Other 3 Manufact. home 14 No data 232 Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-11 February 1, 2020 Area 8 Key Largo: As a single property repetitive loss area on central Key Largo, the exact location is not shown on a map. Area 8 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 3 Residential 1 Yes 1 Other claims Total payments $59,912 Commercial No Similarly situated Average payment $19,971 Institutional No data No data Total buildings 1 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 Piers, posts, etc. < 8 feet 1 Concrete 2 1 Enclosed walls 1 8-12 feet Wood frame 1 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home No data Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-12 February 1, 2020 Area 9 Key Largo: Trailer Village One questionnaire came from an Area 9 resident. That address had been flooded twice in the yard (2012 (tropical storm) and 2016 (heavy rain)). It had also been flooded over the first floor before 2005. That property had a mitigation project: the air conditioning unit had been elevated. It was reported to have been beneficial. The respondent voiced concerns that a flood insurance policy was covering fewer items than before, such as siding or skirting not attached to the structure. Area 9 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 7 Claims submitted 80 Residential 234 Yes 169 Other claims 49 Total payments $829,556 Commercial No 6 Similarly situated 178 Average payment $11,061 Institutional No data 59 No data Total buildings 234 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 187 Piers, posts, etc. 12 < 8 feet 35 Concrete 31 2 32 Enclosed walls 41 8-12 feet 9 Wood frame 1 3 13 Crawlspace 18 > 12+ feet 27 Masonry 1 4 Slab -on -grade 8 71 Modular housing 9 No data 2 Other 2 Manufact. home 182 No data 153 Other No data 10 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-13 February 1, 2020 Area 10 Key Largo: Buttonwood Shores As a single property repetitive loss area on central Key Largo, the exact location is not shown on a map. Area 10 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted N/A Residential 1 Yes 1 Other claims Total payments N/A Commercial No Similarly situated Average payment N/A I Institutional No data No data Total buildings 1 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 1 Piers, posts, etc. < 8 feet Concrete 1 2 Enclosed walls 8-12 feet Wood frame 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 1 Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home No data Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-14 February 1, 2020 Area 11 Key Largo: Sunset Cove Area 11 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 10 Residential 1 Yes 3 Other claims 2 Total payments $223,159 Commercial 4 No Similarly situated 2 Average payment $22,316 Institutional No data 2 No data Total buildings 5 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 3 Piers, posts, etc. 1 < 8 feet 1 Concrete 3 2 2 Enclosed walls 8-12 feet Wood frame 1 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 3 Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home No data 1 Other No data 1 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-15 February 1, 2020 Area 12 Key Largo: Key Largo Beach There was one completed questionnaire described in Chapter 1, step 1. The owner had been flooded over the first floor by Hurricane Wilma in 2005. The respondent reported "no damage other than rugs but water was only 3-4 inches inside." The respondent does have a flood insurance policy. Area 12 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 4 Claims submitted 28 Residential 103 Yes 97 Other claims 7 Total payments $209,505 Commercial No Similarly situated 92 Average payment $11,027 Institutional No data 6 No data Total buildings 103 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 12 Piers, posts, etc. 2 < 8 feet 4 Concrete 84 2 72 Enclosed walls 51 8-12 feet 27 Wood frame 9 3 14 Crawlspace > 12+ feet 22 Masonry 3 4 Slab -on -grade 38 53 Modular housing No data 5 Other Manufact. home 1 No data 12 Other No data 6 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-16 February 1, 2020 Area 13 Key Largo: Buccaneer Point Pirates Cove Five Area 13 residents completed the questionnaire. Two had been flooded, both in 2005. One had water over the first floor and the other only had it in the yard. The former had also had yard flooding from heavy rain in 2017. Two respondents provided a list of frequent street flooding sites. They also noted "we need help." A third resident reported that they had not been flooded in the 30 years they had lived there. Area 13 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 7 Claims submitted 66 Residential 223 Yes 110 Other claims 30 Total payments $1,744,812 Commercial No 1 Similarly situated 187 Average payment $33,554 Institutional No data 113 No data Other 1 Total buildings 224 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 37 Piers, posts, etc. 6 < 8 feet 4 Concrete 63 2 121 Enclosed walls 153 8-12 feet 92 Wood frame 34 3 63 Crawlspace > 12+ feet 63 Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 42 159 Modular housing 5 No data 3 Other 1 Manufact. home No data 22 Other No data 122 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-17 February 1, 2020 Area 14 Key Largo: Mandalay Bay Area As a single property repetitive loss area on southern Key Largo, the exact location is not shown on a map. Area 14 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted N/A Residential Yes 1 Other claims Total payments N/A Commercial 1 No Similarly situated Average payment N/A I Institutional No data No data Total buildings 1 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 Piers, posts, etc. < 8 feet Concrete 1 2 1 Enclosed walls 8-12 feet Wood frame 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 1 Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home No data Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-18 February 1, 2020 Area 15 Key Largo: The Harborage Area 15 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 8 Residential 58 Yes 57 Other claims 3 Total payments $18,167 Commercial No Similarly situated 54 Average payment $3,633 Institutional No data 1 No data Total buildings 58 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 43 Piers, posts, etc. 1 < 8 feet 37 Concrete 6 2 6 Enclosed walls 14 8-12 feet 12 Wood frame 3 9 Crawlspace 34 > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 49 Modular housing 9 No data Other 3 Manufact. home 40 No data 6 Other 2 No data 1 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-19 February 1, 2020 Area 16 Key Largo: Sunrise Point There were two questionnaires completed from this area. Neither had been flooded. One had elevated the utilities and reported it was beneficial. He also reported not carrying flood insurance. Area 16 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 13 Claims submitted 49 Residential 111 Yes 111 Other claims 4 Total payments $701,546 Commercial 3 No 1 Similarly situated 98 Average payment $18,462 Institutional 1 No data 3 No data Total buildings 115 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 30 Piers, posts, etc. 11 < 8 feet 31 Concrete 94 2 65 Enclosed walls 79 8-12 feet 51 Wood frame 15 3 19 Crawlspace > 12+ feet 8 Masonry 4 1 Slab -on -grade 22 90 Modular housing 1 No data Other 1 Manufact. home No data 2 Other 4 No data 1 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-20 February 1, 2020 Area 17 Key Largo: With only two properties in this area on southern Key Largo, the exact location is not shown on a map. Area 17 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 5 Residential 2 Yes 2 Other claims Total payments $17,506 Commercial No Similarly situated 1 Average payment $5,835 Institutional No data No data Total buildings 2 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 2 Piers, posts, etc. < 8 feet Concrete 1 2 Enclosed walls 8-12 feet Wood frame 1 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 2 Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home No data Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-21 February 1, 2020 Area 18 Key Largo: Sunset Gardens Area 18 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 6 Residential 13 Yes 12 Other claims 4 Total payments $205,376 Commercial No Similarly situated 8 Average payment $34,229 Institutional No data 1 No data Total buildings 13 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 10 Piers, posts, etc. 1 < 8 feet 1 Concrete 11 2 2 Enclosed walls 2 8-12 feet 2 Wood frame 3 1 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 8 3 Modular housing 1 No data Other Manufact. home No data 2 Other 1 No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-22 February 1, 2020 Area 19 Tavernier: Blue Water Trailer Village & Tavernier Ocean Shores Area 19 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 5 Claims submitted 82 Residential 255 Yes 237 Other claims 15 Total payments $339,930 Commercial No Similarly situated 236 Average payment $10,623 Institutional No data 19 No data Industrial 1 Total buildings 256 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 130 Piers, posts, etc. 26 < 8 feet 147 Concrete 70 2 94 Enclosed walls 109 8-12 feet 88 Wood frame 12 3 32 Crawlspace 100 > 12+ feet Masonry 1 4 Slab -on -grade 6 235 Modular housing 3 No data Other Manufact. home 148 No data 15 Other 4 No data 18 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-23 February 1, 2020 Area 20 Tavernier: Tavernier Harbor As a single property repetitive loss area on southern Key Largo, the exact location is not shown on a map. Area 20 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 4 Residential Yes 1 Other claims Total payments $103,217 Commercial 1 No Similarly situated Average payment $51,609 Institutional No data No data Total buildings 1 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 Piers, posts, etc. < 8 feet Concrete 1 2 2 Enclosed walls 8-12 feet Wood frame 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 1 Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home No data Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-24 February 1, 2020 Area 21 Tavernier: Tavernier Heights As a single property repetitive loss area on southern Key Largo, the exact location is not shown on a map. Area 21 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 3 Residential 1 Yes 1 Other claims Total payments $67,925 Commercial No Similarly situated Average payment $22,642 Institutional No data No data Total buildings 1 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 Piers, posts, etc. < 8 feet Concrete 2 1 Enclosed walls 8-12 feet Wood frame 1 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade Modular housing No data Other 1 Manufact. home No data Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-25 February 1, 2020 Area 22 Tavernier: Largo Beach Area 22 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 2 Claims submitted 13 Residential 12 Yes 12 Other claims 3 Total payments $86,717 Commercial No Similarly situated 7 Average payment $8,672 Institutional No data No data Total buildings 12 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 3 Piers, posts, etc. 1 < 8 feet 5 Concrete 8 2 6 Enclosed walls 8 8-12 feet 5 Wood frame 4 3 3 Crawlspace 1 > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 2 10 Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home No data Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-26 February 1, 2020 Area 23 West Summerland Key: Spanish Harbor Key Area 23 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 14 Residential Yes 1 Other claims Total payments $308,293 Commercial No 1 Similarly situated 2 Average payment $25,691 Institutional 2 No data 1 No data Government 1 Total buildings 3 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 1 Piers, posts, etc. 1 < 8 feet 2 Concrete 2 2 2 Enclosed walls 1 8-12 feet Wood frame 1 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 2 Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home No data 1 Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-27 February 1, 2020 Area 24 Big Pine Key With only two properties in this area southern Big Pine Key, the exact location is not shown on a map. Area 24 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 2 Claims submitted 3 Residential Yes 1 Other claims Total payments $34,908 Commercial 2 No Similarly situated Average payment $17,454 Institutional No data 1 No data Total buildings 2 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 Piers, posts, etc. < 8 feet 1 Concrete 1 2 1 Enclosed walls 1 8-12 feet Wood frame 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 1 Modular housing No data 1 Other Manufact. home No data 1 Other No data 1 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-28 February 1, 2020 A Area 25 Big Pine Key: Long Beach Estates u Area 25 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 3 Claims submitted 29 Residential 38 Yes 32 Other claims 13 Total payments $549,010 Commercial 2 No Similarly situated 24 Average payment $21,960 Institutional No data 8 No data Total buildings 40 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 3 Piers, posts, etc. 2 < 8 feet 7 Concrete 31 2 31 Enclosed walls 31 8-12 feet 24 Wood frame 5 3 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet 2 Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 4 33 Modular housing 1 No data 3 Other 1 Manufact. home No data 2 Other No data 3 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-29 February 1, 2020 Area 26 Big Pine Key: Warner Street YAk A Area 26 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 7 Residential 4 Yes 4 Other claims 2 Total payments $48,891 Commercial No Similarly situated 1 Average payment $8,149 Institutional No data No data Total buildings 4 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 2 Piers, posts, etc. 1 < 8 feet 3 Concrete 1 2 2 Enclosed walls 2 8-12 feet Wood frame 2 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 3 Modular housing 1 No data Other Manufact. home No data 1 Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-30 February 1, 2020 Area 27 Big Pine Key: Sands Subdivision, Atlantis, Grieser, Hollerich, Whispering Pines, Ross Haven Area 27 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 7 Claims submitted 191 Residential 397 Yes Other claims 89 Total payments $1,654,017 Commercial 5 No Similarly situated 309 Average payment $11,486 Institutional No data 405 No data Government 1 Total buildings 405 Industrial 2 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 342 Piers, posts, etc. 177 < 8 feet Concrete 93 2 35 Enclosed walls 138 8-12 feet Wood frame 131 3 1 Crawlspace 1 > 12+ feet Masonry 4 1 Slab -on -grade 62 No Data 405 Modular housing 37 No data 26 Other Manufact. home 116 No data 27 Other 2 No data 26 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-31 February 1, 2020 Area 28 Big Pine Key: Whispering Pines Area 28 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss Claims submitted 28 Residential 44 Yes Other claims 16 Total payments $296,265 Commercial No Similarly situated 29 Average payment $17,427 Institutional No data 45 No data Government 1 Total buildings 45 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 32 Piers, posts, etc. 11 < 8 feet Concrete 12 2 11 Enclosed walls 25 8-12 feet Wood frame 31 3 1 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 1 4 Slab -on -grade 7 No data 45 Modular housing 1 No data 1 Other 1 Manufact. home No data 1 Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-32 February 1, 2020 Area 29 Big Pine Key: Palm Villa, Tropical Bay Area 29 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 17 Claims submitted 171 Residential 227 Yes Other claims 73 Total payments $3,014,565 Commercial No Similarly situated 137 Average payment $23,551 Institutional No data 227 No data Total buildings 227 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 209 Piers, posts, etc. 26 < 8 feet Concrete 35 2 13 Enclosed walls 96 8-12 feet Wood frame 74 3 Crawlspace 15 > 12+ feet Masonry 96 4 Slab -on -grade 86 No data 227 Modular housing 16 No data 5 Other Manufact. home 1 No data 4 Other 1 No data 4 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-33 February 1, 2020 Area 30 Big Pine Key: Doctor's Arm, Punta Brisa Area 30 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 21 Claims submitted 162 Residential 182 Yes Other claims 66 Total payments $2,628,854 Commercial 2 No Similarly situated 98 Average payment $21,031 Institutional 1 No data 185 No data Total buildings 185 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 126 Piers, posts, etc. 13 < 8 feet Concrete 1 2 51 Enclosed walls 89 8-12 feet Wood frame 82 3 Crawlspace 10 > 12+ feet Masonry 93 4 Slab -on -grade 70 No data 185 Modular housing 3 No data 8 Other Manufact. home No data 3 Other 6 No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-34 February 1, 2020 Area 31 Big Pine Key: Big Pine Shores, Koehn's Area 31 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 5 Claims submitted 28 Residential 51 Yes 16 Other claims 11 Total payments $199,716 Commercial No Similarly situated 36 Average payment $9,986 Institutional 1 1 No data 36 No data Total buildings 52 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 28 Piers, posts, etc. 8 < 8 feet 9 Concrete 9 2 16 Enclosed walls 19 8-12 feet 7 Wood frame 20 3 Crawlspace 2 > 12+ feet 36 Masonry 20 4 Slab -on -grade 14 Modular housing 1 No data 8 Other 2 Manufact. home No data 7 Other No data 5 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-35 February 1, 2020 Area 32 Big Pine Key: Eden Pines Colony Area 32 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 238 Residential 419 Yes Other claims 119 Total payments $2,228,487 Commercial No Similarly situated 302 Average payment $16,507 Institutional 2 No data 422 No data Government 1 Total buildings 422 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 367 Piers, posts, etc. 34 < 8 feet Concrete 18 2 52 Enclosed walls 293 8-12 feet Wood frame 277 3 1 Crawlspace 29 > 12+ feet Masonry 106 4 Slab -on -grade 65 No data 422 Modular housing 18 No data 2 Other Manufact. home No data 1 Other 2 No data 1 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-36 February 1, 2020 Area 33 Big Pine Key: Pond Lane Area 33 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 4 Residential 2 Yes 4 Other claims 2 Total payments $29,297 Commercial 2 No Similarly situated 1 Average payment $7,324 Institutional No data No data Total buildings 4 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 1 Piers, posts, etc. 2 < 8 feet 3 Concrete 2 2 3 Enclosed walls 1 8-12 feet Wood frame 2 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 1 3 Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home No data Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-37 February 1, 2020 Area 34 Big Pine Key: Cahill Pines and Palms Area 34 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 2 Claims submitted 97 Residential 139 Yes Other claims 43 Total payments $589,541 Commercial 11 No Similarly situated 107 Average payment $10,719 Institutional No data 152 No data Industrial 1 Total buildings 152 Government 1 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 123 Piers, posts, etc. 25 < 8 feet Concrete 1 2 24 Enclosed walls 107 8-12 feet Wood frame 92 3 Crawlspace 4 > 12+ feet Masonry 34 4 Slab -on -grade 13 No data 152 Modular housing 18 No data 5 Other Manufact. home 2 No data 3 Other 5 No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-38 February 1, 2020 Area 35 Big Pine Key: Piney Point Area 35 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 30 Residential 28 Yes 28 Other claims 6 Total payments $840,868 Commercial No Similarly situated 22 Average payment $44,256 Institutional 1 No data 1 No data Total buildings 29 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 10 Piers, posts, etc. 3 < 8 feet 5 Concrete 25 2 18 Enclosed walls 15 8-12 feet 13 Wood frame 4 3 1 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 11 18 Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home No data Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-39 February 1, 2020 Area 36 Little Torch Key: Jolly Roger Estates Area 36 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 7 Claims submitted 114 Residential 265 Yes Other claims 38 Total payments $611,225 Commercial 2 No Similarly situated 225 Average payment $11,754 Institutional No data 267 No data Total buildings 267 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 191 Piers, posts, etc. 10 < 8 feet Concrete 26 2 72 Enclosed walls 225 8-12 feet Wood frame 153 3 Crawlspace 1 > 12+ feet Masonry 53 4 Slab -on -grade 25 Modular housing 28 No data 3 Other Manufact. home No data 6 Other 4 No data 3 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-40 February 1, 2020 Area 37 Little Torch Key: Ladies Acres, Mates Beach, Area 37 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 2 Claims submitted 121 Residential 195 Yes Other claims 55 Total payments $1,925,214 Commercial 3 No Similarly situated 141 Average payment $22,919 Institutional No data 198 No data Total buildings 198 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 165 Piers, posts, etc. 12 < 8 feet Concrete 4 2 25 Enclosed walls 103 8-12 feet Wood frame 72 3 1 Crawlspace 46 > 12+ feet Masonry 31 4 Slab -on -grade 30 No data 198 Modular housing 35 No data 7 Other Manufact. home 38 No data 7 Other 16 No data 2 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-41 February 1, 2020 Area 38 Little Torch Key: Coral Shores Estates Area 38 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 3 Claims submitted 121 Residential 182 Yes 181 Other claims 78 Total payments $1,425,418 Commercial No Similarly situated 101 Average payment $14,848 Institutional No data 1 No data Total buildings 182 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 161 Piers, posts, etc. 140 < 8 feet 148 Concrete 4 2 19 Enclosed walls 20 8-12 feet 20 Wood frame 12 3 1 Crawlspace 9 > 12+ feet 1 Masonry 1 4 Slab -on -grade 1 169 Modular housing 12 No data 1 Other Manufact. home 151 No data 12 Other No data 2 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-42 February 1, 2020 Area 39 Big Torch Key: Dorn's Area 39 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 4 Residential 9 Yes 9 Other claims 4 Total payments $10,321 Commercial No Similarly situated 4 Average payment $2,580 Institutional No data No data Total buildings 9 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 Piers, posts, etc. < 8 feet 3 Concrete 3 2 9 Enclosed walls 9 8-12 feet 6 Wood frame 5 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 9 Modular housing 1 No data Other Manufact. home No data Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-43 February 1, 2020 Area 40 Ramrod Key: Breezeswept Beach, 0 Area 40 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 16 Claims submitted 233 Residential 361 Yes Other claims 98 Total payments $1,608,423 Commercial 3 No Similarly situated 250 Average payment $10,245 Institutional No data 364 No data Total buildings 364 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 265 Piers, posts, etc. 40 < 8 feet Concrete 2 80 Enclosed walls 288 8-12 feet Wood frame 213 3 2 Crawlspace 2 > 12+ feet Masonry 79 4 Slab -on -grade 26 No data 364 Modular housing 64 No data 17 Other 1 Manufact. home No data 7 Other 5 No data 3 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-44 February 1, 2020 Area 41 Ramrod Key: Ramrod Shores Area 41 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 2 Claims submitted 24 Residential 45 Yes 43 Other claims 8 Total payments $482,401 Commercial No Similarly situated 35 Average payment $34,457 Institutional No data 2 No data Total buildings 45 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 22 Piers, posts, etc. 7 < 8 feet 6 Concrete 9 2 22 Enclosed walls 21 8-12 feet 22 Wood frame 29 3 1 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 15 28 Modular housing 5 No data Other 1 Manufact. home No data 1 Other No data 2 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-45 February 1, 2020 Area 42 Cudjoe Key: Summerland Beach, Summerland Cove Isles, Summerland Estates, Summerland Key Cove low Area 42 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 56 Claims submitted 362 Residential 643 Yes Other claims 113 Total payments $4,879,876 Commercial 24 No Similarly situated 500 Average payment $18,988 Institutional 1 No data 669 No data Industrial 1 Total buildings 669 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 474 Piers, posts, etc. 59 < 8 feet Concrete 292 2 172 Enclosed walls 492 8-12 feet Wood frame 169 3 20 Crawlspace 6 > 12+ feet Masonry 117 4 Slab -on -grade 107 No data 669 Modular housing 71 No data 3 Other 2 Manufact. home 12 No data 3 Other 3 No data 5 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-46 February 1, 2020 Area 43 Cudjoe Key: Venture Out A Area 43 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 29 Claims submitted 461 Residential 389 Yes 371 Other claims 181 Total payments $4,255,769 Commercial No 1 Similarly situated 179 Average payment $10,037 Institutional No data 17 No data Total buildings 389 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 274 Piers, posts, etc. 267 < 8 feet 265 Concrete 2 110 Enclosed walls 109 8-12 feet 110 Wood frame 3 1 Crawlspace > 12+ feet 1 Masonry 1 4 Slab -on -grade 1 376 Modular housing No data 4 Other Manufact. home 375 No data 12 Other No data 13 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-47 February 1, 2020 Area 44 Cudjoe Key: Cudjoe Ocean Shores, Cutthroat Harbor Area 44 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 24 Claims submitted 338 Residential 454 Yes Other claims 150 Total payments $1,979,770 Commercial 13 No Similarly situated 298 Average payment $8,425 Institutional 1 No data 472 No data Industrial 4 Total buildings 472 No data 472 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 399 Piers, posts, etc. 67 < 8 feet Concrete 125 2 71 Enclosed walls 383 8-12 feet Wood frame 144 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 19 No data 482 Modular housing 192 No data 2 Other Manufact. home No data 3 Other 3 No data 8 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-48 February 1, 2020 Area 45 Cudjoe Key: Cudjoe Gardens Sacarma Area 45 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 9 Claims submitted 138 Residential 269 Yes Other claims 60 Total payments $2,036,505 Commercial 9 No Similarly situated 209 Average payment $25,142 Institutional No data 278 No data Total buildings 278 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 222 Piers, posts, etc. 51 < 8 feet Concrete 244 2 52 Enclosed walls 74 8-12 feet Wood frame 3 1 Crawlspace 1 > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 149 No data 278 Modular housing 31 No data 3 Other Manufact. home 1 No data 3 Other No data 2 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-49 February 1, 2020 Area 46 Sugarloaf Key: Gulf Shores, Indian Mound Estates, Vacation Harbor Area 46 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 6 Claims submitted 168 Residential 240 Yes Other claims 98 Total payments $6,032,204 Commercial 9 No Similarly situated 147 Average payment $49,853 Institutional 2 No data 251 No data Government 1 Total buildings 251 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 193 Piers, posts, etc. 92 < 8 feet Concrete 90 2 55 Enclosed walls 109 8-12 feet Wood frame 3 Crawlspace 1 > 12+ feet Masonry 2 4 Slab -on -grade 47 No data 251 Modular housing 135 No data 3 Other Manufact. home 19 No data 2 Other No data 5 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-50 February 1, 2020 Area 47 Sugarloaf Key: Sugarloaf Shores Area 47 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 9 Claims submitted 217 Residential 406 Yes Other claims 120 Total payments $3,535,402 Commercial 1 No Similarly situated 278 Average payment $23,888 Institutional No data 407 No data Total buildings 407 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 304 Piers, posts, etc. 18 < 8 feet Concrete 269 2 95 Enclosed walls 338 8-12 feet Wood frame 3 1 Crawlspace 1 > 12+ feet Masonry 2 4 1 Slab -on -grade 49 No data 407 Modular housing 131 No data 6 Other Manufact. home No data 1 Other No data 5 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-51 February 1, 2020 Area 48 Sugarloaf Key: Sugarloaf Beach 0 Area 48 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 2 Claims submitted 20 Residential 26 Yes 21 Other claims 9 Total payments $516,745 Commercial No Similarly situated 15 Average payment $27,197 Institutional No data 5 No data Total buildings 26 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 5 Piers, posts, etc. 4 < 8 feet 11 Concrete 16 2 13 Enclosed walls 16 8-12 feet 6 Wood frame 8 3 7 Crawlspace > 12+ feet 3 Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 4 20 Modular housing No data 1 Other 1 Manufact. home No data 1 Other 2 No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-52 February 1, 2020 Area 49 Saddlebunch Key: Bay Point Area 49 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 3 Claims submitted 154 Residential 150 Yes Other claims 58 Total payments $3,766,393 Commercial No Similarly situated 89 Average payment $37,291 Institutional No data 150 No data Total buildings 150 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 114 Piers, posts, etc. 51 < 8 feet Concrete 62 2 34 Enclosed walls 82 8-12 feet Wood frame 3 1 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 16 No data 150 Modular housing 62 No data 1 Other Manufact. home 25 No data 1 Other 1 No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-53 February 1, 2020 Area 50 Big Coppitt Key: Boca Chita y ` ini, 4Y® lk- "" f � t - Y l R / n Area 50 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 25 Claims submitted 160 Residential 158 Yes 151 Other claims 25 Total payments $9,432,211 Commercial No Similarly situated 108 Average payment $18,886 Institutional No data 7 No data Total buildings 158 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 150 Piers, posts, etc. 146 < 8 feet 145 Concrete 2 4 Enclosed walls 4 8-12 feet 5 Wood frame 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 150 Modular housing No data 4 Other Manufact. home 152 No data 8 Other dataE]66No See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-54 February 1, 2020 Area 51 Geiger Key: Boca Chita Ocean Shores Area 51 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 3 Claims submitted 35 Residential 37 Yes 36 Other claims 9 Total payments $555,925 Commercial 1 No Similarly situated 26 Average payment $26,473 Institutional No data 2 No data Total buildings 38 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 8 Piers, posts, etc. 2 < 8 feet 5 Concrete 18 2 28 Enclosed walls 26 8-12 feet 23 Wood frame 20 3 2 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 8 Modular housing No data Other 1 Manufact. home No data 1 Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-55 February 1, 2020 Area 52 Geiger Key: Geiger Mobile Homes Tamarac Park Area 52 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 7 Claims submitted 87 Residential 186 Yes 180 Other claims 33 Total payments $477,623 Commercial No Similarly situated 146 Average payment $8,845 Institutional No data 6 No data Total buildings 186 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 153 Piers, posts, etc. 85 < 8 feet 120 Concrete 5 2 26 Enclosed walls 33 8-12 feet 31 Wood frame 2 3 5 Crawlspace 33 > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 151 Modular housing 29 No data 2 Other Manufact. home 148 No data 35 Other No data 2 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-56 February 1, 2020 Area 53 Big Coppitt Key: Coppitt Subdivision, Johnsonville, Porpoise Point, Similar Sound Area 53 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 3 Claims submitted 370 Residential 569 Yes 2 Other claims 177 Total payments $11,213,882 Commercial 14 No 1 Similarly situated 419 Average payment $40,483 Institutional 8 No data 596 No data Industrial 3 Total buildings 599 Government 5 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 357 Piers, posts, etc. 114 < 8 feet 235 Concrete 264 2 172 Enclosed walls 277 8-12 feet 159 Wood frame 107 3 55 Crawlspace 9 > 12+ feet 6 Masonry 2 4 Slab -on -grade 169 400 Modular housing 145 No data 15 Other 3 Manufact. home 66 No data 27 Other 2 No data 13 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-57 February 1, 2020 Area 54 Big Coppitt Key: Rockland Village Area 54 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 2 Claims submitted 44 Residential 50 Yes 20 Other claims 16 Total payments $267,408 Commercial 2 No 7 Similarly situated 34 Average payment $10,696 Institutional No data 25 No data Total buildings 52 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 23 Piers, posts, etc. 16 < 8 feet 15 Concrete 29 2 23 Enclosed walls 27 8-12 feet 28 Wood frame 8 3 4 Crawlspace 2 > 12+ feet 2 Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 5 45 Modular housing 1 No data 2 Other Manufact. home 12 No data 2 Other No data 2 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-58 February 1, 2020 Area 55 Key Haven Area 55 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted 277 Residential 446 Yes 14 Other claims 198 Total payments $15,664,460 Commercial No Similarly situated 247 Average payment $75,310 Institutional No data 432 No data Total buildings 446 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 321 Piers, posts, etc. 1 < 8 feet Concrete 427 2 113 Enclosed walls 128 8-12 feet 3 Wood frame 3 6 Crawlspace 4 > 12+ feet Masonry 8 4 Slab -on -grade 304 No data 443 Modular housing 2 No data 6 Other Manufact. home No data 9 Other No data 9 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-59 February 1, 2020 Area 56 Stock Island: Maloney Subdivision Area 56 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 2 Claims submitted 13 Residential 7 Yes 15 Other claims 4 Total payments $521,359 Commercial 3 No Similarly situated 9 Average payment $40,105 Institutional 1 1 No data No data Industrial 4 Total buildings 15 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 10 Piers, posts, etc. < 8 feet 1 Concrete 9 2 5 Enclosed walls 1 8-12 feet 1 Wood frame 2 3 Crawlspace 1 > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 11 2 Modular housing 1 No data Other Manufact. home No data 2 Other 3 No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-60 February 1, 2020 Area 57 Stock Island: Maloney Ave #1 Area 57 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 5 Claims submitted 62 Residential 15 Yes 18 Other claims 3 Total payments $638,931 Commercial 6 No Similarly situated 13 Average payment $12,528 Institutional No data 3 No data Total buildings 21 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 19 Piers, posts, etc. 14 < 8 feet 14 Concrete 1 2 2 Enclosed walls 1 8-12 feet 1 Wood frame 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 1 Modular housing No data Other 2 Manufact. home 20 No data 3 Other No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-61 February 1, 2020 Stock Island: Maloney Ave #2 Area 58 .,, 811—A. �._.1 ii rr Area 58 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 4 Claims submitted 48 Residential 25 Yes 24 Other claims Total payments $614,168 Commercial No Similarly situated 21 Average payment $14,283 Institutional No data 1 No data Total buildings 25 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 25 Piers, posts, etc. 23 < 8 feet 23 Concrete 2 Enclosed walls 8-12 feet Wood frame 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 23 Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home 23 No data 2 Other No data 2 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-62 February 1, 2020 Area 59 Stock Island As a single property repetitive loss area on Stock Island, the exact location is not shown on a map. Area 59 Data Summary 00 Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 1 Claims submitted N/A Residential Yes 1 Other claims Total payments N/A Commercial 1 No Similarly situated Average payment N/A Institutional No data No data Total buildings 1 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 1 Piers, posts, etc. < 8 feet Concrete 2 Enclosed walls 8-12 feet Wood frame 3 Crawlspace > 12+ feet Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 1 Modular housing No data Other Manufact. home No data Other 1 No data See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-63 February 1, 2020 Area 60 Stock Island: Stuart Subdivision Area 60 Data Summary Type Insurance Use Occupied Repetitive loss 19 Claims submitted 95 Residential 543 Yes 464 Other claims 53 Total payments $1,552,835 Commercial 5 No 1 Similarly situated 478 Average payment $21,871 Institutional No data 85 No data Industrial 1 Total buildings 550 Government 1 Stories Foundation Elevated Floors Walls 1 406 Piers, posts, etc. 218 < 8 feet 288 Concrete 153 2 99 Enclosed walls 120 8-12 feet 56 Wood frame 22 3 39 Crawlspace 8 > 12+ feet 2 Masonry 4 Slab -on -grade 148 346 Modular housing 157 No data 6 Other Manufact. home 199 No data 56 Other 4 No data 15 See page A-1 for more information on these entries. Area Data Summaries A-64 February 1, 2020 Appendix B. Input Questionnaire This appendix is the questionnaire for resident input as it appeared on the County's website. RLAA - Public Input Questionnaire Your responses to the questions below will help the County identify and offer flood damage reduction activities for individual homeowners. It is very important that you answer as many questions as possible, and that you provide specific details where possible. The more complete picture we have of past flooding events and their consequences, the better range of mitigation opportunities we can provide. Each questionnaire submitted plays an important part in building a more resilient and informed Monroe County. This questionnaire is also a critical step toward helping the County achieve its goal of obtaining a Community Rating System (CRS) Class 4, which will result in a 30% savings on National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policies issued in the flood zone (AE or VE-zones); smaller discounts are available for policies covering structures outside of the floodplain. We also encourage you to utilize the comments section to share your thoughts and opinions on the RbAA, flooding risks, and flood insurance maps in Monroe County in general. Thank you again for your support in this process. and please do not hesitate to contact the County Floodplain Program with any questions or concerns. Address1 * Monroe County RLAA B-1 February 1, 2020 Do you awn or Rent this homelstructure? -- Select One -- What type of foundation does the homelstructure have? -- Select One -- V1 If "Other" selected above, enter detail here. How many stories does the building have? -- Select One -- ] Has this homelstructure ever flooded before to your knowledge? -- Select One -- v a W0I01 *j ATV 101 Ito] . I :1 Please enter the flood event year (enter 4 digit year value, i.e. 1980). Please indicate which of the following locations where flooding occurred relative to your homelstructure. Check all that apply. D In the Yard Beneath the Floor ❑ Over the First Floor ❑ Don't Know What do you believe was the primary cause of the flooding at your property? -- Select One -- v Monroe County RLAA B-2 February 1, 2020 What length of time were the flood waters were present in these same areas? -- Select One -- v FLOOD EVENT TWO Please enter the flood event year (enter 4 digit year value, i.e. 1980). Please indicate which of the following locations where flooding occurred relative to your homelstructure. Check all that apply. ❑ In the Yard ❑ Beneath the Floor Over the First Floor ❑ Don't Know What do you believe was the primary cause of the flooding at your property? 1—select One -- v What length of time were the flood waters were present in these same areas? -- Select One -- I�tz•�a�■��. rrrr.l���� Please enter the flood event year (enter 4 digit year value, i.e. 1980). Please indicate which of the following locations where flooding occurred relative to your homelstructure. Check all that apply. F1 In the Yard ❑ Beneath the Floor 0 Over the First Floor ❑ Don't Know What do you believe was the primary cause of the flooding at your property? -- select One -- u v Monroe County RLAA B-3 February 1, 2020 What length of time were the flood waters were present in these same areas? -- Select One -- � SECTION TWO Have you, or any previous owner or tenant, installed any flood proofing or protection on the property? Yes No Unsure If you answered "Yes" to the previous question, please indicate which measures you believe to have been implemented at your homelstructure or property. Check all that apply: ❑ Elevated Utilities ❑ Sandbagged Perimeter of Structure ❑ Water -Proofed Outside Walls ❑ Elevated Building ❑ Re -Graded Yard or Landscaping Designed RemovelRedirect Flood Waters ❑ [Permanently] Removing or Relocating Contents Above Anticipated Flooded Areas If "Other" selected please provide detail: ❑ Other: Please Detail If you made any selections under the previous Question, do you believe that these activities benefited your building/structure? Yes -) No Unsure If you made any selections under Question 8, and you believe they were successful, please share why you feel this way: Monroe County RLAA B-4 February 1, 2020 Is the building/structure currently covered by a flood insurance policy? 0 Yes - A National Flood ) No Not Sure Insurance Program (NFIP) policy (..i Yes - A private flood insurance policy Are you interested in learning more about flood mitigation (methods of reducing the risk of flooding to a building and its contents)? Yes No 0 Unsure If you answered "YES' to the previous question, please provide a methodidetail how you may be contacted: Please feel free to share any comments, questions, or feedback you have regarding this Questionnaire, flood mitigation, or the NFIP in general. Monroe County RLAA B-5 February 1, 2020 Appendix C. Flood Insurance Terminology These terms are used throughout this repetitive loss area analysis. Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM): The map published by FEMA that identifies the Special Flood Hazard Area and provides other informa- tion for insurance rating and regulating new construction. Monroe County's FIRM can be found at https:Hmsc.fema.gov Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA): The area rQE'L%,` mapped on the FIRM as subject to the base flood (also called the 1% chance or 100-year flood). It is the shaded area designated with theroNE x letters "AE" or "VE" on the FIRM. In the ZONE example from the County's FIRM on the right, the SFHA is the light blue Zones AE and VE. The grey areas are "Zone X," outside the SFHA. The SFHA is subject to development and construction regulations and the Federal requirement that flood insurance be purchased as a condition of Federal aid (including mortgages from Federally -regulated or insured lenders). The VE Zones are coastal high hazard areas subject to damage by wave action, where construction regulations are more stringent than for A Zones. Base Flood Elevation (BFE): The elevation of the base flood in relation to sea level. In the example from the County's FIRM above, the elevation is in parentheses after the Zone designa- tion. "EL 9" means the BFE is nine feet above sea level. There is no BFE in Zone X, outside the SFHA because the ground is higher than the BFE. County Code Definitions: The flood rules for the County's unincorporated areas are in Chapter 122 of the County's Code of Ordinances. Most of the rules are required as a condition of parti- cipating in the National Flood Insurance Program. The following provisions are for properties in the SFHA. Substantial damage means damage of any origin sustained by a structure whereby the cost of restoring the structure to it's before damaged condition would equal or exceed 50 percent of the market value of the structure before the damage occurred. All structures that are determined to be substantially damaged are automatically considered to be substantial improvements, regardless of the actual repair work performed. If the cost necessary to fully repair the structure to its before damage condition is equal to or greater than 50 percent of the structure's market value before damages, then the structure must be elevated (or flood proofed if it is nonresidential) to or above the base flood elevation (BFE), and meet other applicable NFIP requirements. — Section 122-3. Substantial improvement means any reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition, or other improvement of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50 percent of the market value of the structure before the "start of construction" of the improvement. This term includes structures which have incurred "substantial damage," regardless of the actual repair work performed. — Section 122-3. Monroe County RLAA C-1 February 1, 2020