6th Change Order 12/30/2020 BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
County of Monroe Mayer Michelle Coldiron,District 2
�, O Y°1 rc
Mayor Pro Perri David Dice,District 4
i Craig Cates,District 1
Eddie Martine,District 3
Mike Forster,District 5
Memorandum
DATE: 12/29/2020
TO: BOCC
cn=Kevin G.Wilson,P.E.,o=Monroe County,
FL(the Florida Keys,ou,email=wilson-
( kevin@monroecounty tl.gov,c=US
FROM: Kevin G. Wilson, P.E.
2020.12.29 12:00:33-05'00'
SUBJECT: Proposed Change Order to be Approved
Attached is proposed Change order#6 for the Cudjoe Fire Station No. 11 project. This change order
increases the final contract sum by $116,373.46. The substantial completion date is unchanged.
Monroe County Ordinance 027-1998 and subsequent amendments provide authority for the
Administrator to approve change orders within specified limits after providing Board of County
Commissioners with at least 24 hours to review them and pose any questions or objections that they may
have.
It is the Administrator's intent to approve the attached change order under that authority on Wednesday,
December 30, 2020.
MONROE COUNTYANGINEERING/ PROJECT MANAGEMENT
CoNTRAcr CHANGE ORDER
PROJECT TITLE:
Cudjoe it Station No. I I INITIATION DATE: 1211412020
CHANGE ORDER NO:06
TO CONTRACTOR: (West CPRs as noted)
West Construction,Inc.
CONTRACT DATE:0811512018
The Contract is changed as follows:
The original(Contract Sum)(Guaranteed Maximum Price)... $3,884,185.00
Net change by previously authorized Change Orders............... .............................. $37,745.93
The(Contract Sum)(Guaranteed Maximum Price)prior to this Change order was.......... $3,921,930.93
The(Contract Sum)(Guaranteed Maximum Price)will be(increased)(decreased) $116,373.46
(unchanged)by this Change Order.
The new(Gontract Sum)_(Guaranteed Maximum Price)including this Change Order is..... $4,038,304.39_
The Contract Time will be(increased)(decreased)(unchanged by......................... 0 days
The date of Substantial Completion as of the date of this Change Order is................. IPJ31/2019
The followinglssues reggiLre this chaagg order
1) is Chang ddresses myltiple Change,Proposal Requests QERsl submitted by-West
Construction, the Contractor. See attached backyn and attachments for l Cols in e�c
CPR.
2) Asper-the West change priQosal reagest,additional time to the contract will be determined at a
Latpr date.
This change order Is-3.00%of the odginal contract price.
Not valid until signedhy.Owner Icable),and Contracw
,..Architect Jlf,app&
/AA
ARCHITECT: oz,
CPH, Inc. Date
CONTRACTOR:
N" st Conse I el-1
Wet Da i te
Digitally signed by Cary Knight
DIRECTOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT -'C—ary Knight Date:2020.12.29 10:19:26-05'00'
Cary Knight Date
co Kevin G.Wilson,P.E.,o—Monroe County,FL(the
F,.,ida Keys,on,email—wilson-kevin@monmecounty-
K g
COUNTY/ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR: US
Roman Gastesi to
Kevin Wilson
Christine Hurley
PROJECT TITLE: Cudjoe Fire Station No. 11
INITIATION DATE: 12/07/2020
CHANGE ORDER NO: 06
TO CONTRACTOR: West Construction, Inc.
CONTRACT DATE: 08/15/2018
This Change Order No. 06 includes the following Change Proposal Requests (CPRs) from West
Construction:
West CPR# Reason for Change Proposal Request(CPR) CPR Amount
CPR#5 Increased wall thickness of beam $ 2,568.95
CPR#7 Tower Dimensions Discrepancy $ 2,780.25
CPR#8 IT System Furnish & Install $ 13,822.90
CPR#10 Added Column to Mezzanine $ 1,529.69
CPR#11 Decking for Canopies over Apparatus Bay Doors $ 33,266.83
CPR#12 Credit for Color Concrete $ (1,466.29)
CPR#15 Lighting Fixture Color Change $ 2,160.25
CPR#16 Relocate Hose Reels-Combine to Air+ Power $ 10,244.69
CPR#17 De-Con Shower Fixture Change $ 1,203.48
CPR#18 Steel Plates to Stabilize Stairwell Block Wall $ 7,903.69
CPR#19 Structural Fix for Generator Deck $ 19,826.82
CPR#20 Change door function with additional hardware $ 6,846.65
CPR#21 Revision to Irrigation System $ 9,357.47
CPR#22 Add Circuit for 6th Overhead Door Motor $ 1,334.37
CPR#23 Relocate the termination of the new IT Conduits $ 1,918.76
CPR#24 Relocate Domestic Water Booster Pump Power $ 573.24
CPR#25 Tile Corner in Lieu of Bullnose Tile $ 278.03
CPR#26 Upgrade Fuel Dispensing Hose to 100ft. $ 2,223.68
TOTAL $ 116,373.46
Each of the above CPRs, is presented with the following documentation:
• Summary of the issues requiring the CPR.
• Change Order Attachment per Ordinance No. 004-1999 (for each CPR)
• The Contractor provided CPR and backup for each amount requested.
CPR#5 Increased wall thickness of beam $ 2,568.95
The following issues require this change order:
1) Per the comments on the "Approved as noted"shop drawing submittal for structural steel, the wall
thickness of the HSS 10x8x%inch beam was increased, by the reviewer, to %inch wall
thickness. This increase in thickness doubles the weight and cost for these steel beams.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional time to the contract will be determined at a
later date.
CPR#7 Tower Dimensions Discrepancy $ 2,780.25
The following issues require this change order:
1) Due to a discrepancy between the Architectural and Structural plans, the tower projection on the
northeast corner, was formed and lathed to the wrong dimension. After confirming the
discrepancy and correct dimensions with the Architect, the reinforcing steel was removed from
both tower slab projections and the form work reworked to the dimension shown on the
Architectural plan—an increase of two (2) feet. The reinforcing bars were replaced with correct
size bars to accommodate the longer cantilever of the slab projections. As per the West change
proposal request, additional contract time will be determined at a later date.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional time to the contract will be determined at a
later date.
CPR#8 IT System Furnish &Install $ 13,822.90
The following issues require this change order:
1. This is a County requested proposal to provide the conduit, cabling and iacks (ports) to support
the installation of networking, telephone and cable television (CA TV) required by the owner, Fire
Rescue, and the County IT Department.
2. Contractor shall verify field locations of data & telephone ports with County staff prior to
installation.
3. As per the West change proposal request, additional time to the contract will be determined at a
later date.
CPR#10 Added Column to Mezzanine $ 1,529.69
The following issues require this change order:
1) Due to noticeable deflection of the steel tube beam supporting the mezzanine on index line D a
new column was installed as recommended and designed by the Architect. Prior to the
fabrication and installation of the new column, post-shores were installed for temporary
protection.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional time to the contract will be determined at a
later date.
CPR#11 Decking for Canopies over Apparatus Bay Doors $ 33,266.83
The following issues require this change order:
1) The original plans for the roof canopies over the front and back doors to the apparatus bay
consisted of structural steel brackets attached to the outside walls. As per the structural plans,
these structural brackets were spaced about 4 feet apart along the wall and connected with
horizontal steel brackets at the ends of the brackets. The Architectural plans provided limited
construction and finishing details—plywood was required for the top, covered with standing seam
metal roof. Densglass was specified for the soffit. No intermediate framing was specified. The
building inspector noted that the lack of framing would not meet building code because the
spacing between structural members was too great. The additional work, not included in the
original design, required the addition of intermediate horizontal framing at the top and bottom of
the canopies to support the roofing materials and soffit, respectively as well as a adiustments to
the finishing materials.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional contract time will be determined at a later
date.
CPR#12 Credit for Color Concrete $ (1,466.29)
The following issues require this change order.-
1) The original design called for exposed concrete floors throughout the station. The concreted was
specified to include an added color dye. The primary concrete provider in the County, Monroe
Concrete, would not allow color dyes to be added to their concrete, saying it would "void the
warranty"for the concrete's strength and durability. Since the specified concrete color was
"Gray", the color dye was omitted. The credit represents the price of the color dye additive.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional time to the contract will be determined at a
later date.
CPR#15 Lighting Fixture Color Change $ 2,160.25
The followinq issues require this change order:
1) The color and finish of the light standards were specified in the plans and specifications. Upon
submittal, CPH, the Architect, had a few questions about product options for the vendor of the
light fixture and the electrical subcontractor. The Architect requested one of the alternatives
presented, however the option selected was a higher priced one. This price increase was not
made clear until after the material had been delivered to the site for installation.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional contract time will be determined at a later
date.
CPR#16 Relocate Hose Reels-Combine to Air+Power $ 10,244.69
The following issues require this change order:
1) Three sets of compressed air hoses and electric cords, along with their overhead reels were
included on the plans. The location of the reels did not meet the requirements of the Fire Rescue
Department, so a new location was requested. The original design called for separate air and
electric reels. An alternate model, which combined both air and electric on the same unit were
proposed and accepted by Fire Rescue as they would be more efficient to use and maintain.
This change includes an upgrade to the newer model and relocation of all structural, air and
electric services.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional contract time will be determined at a later
date.
CPR#17 De-Con Shower Fixture Change $ 1,203.48
The followinq issues require this change order.
1) The decontamination shower was originally designed with all plumbing embedded in the concrete
block wall. As the structural CMU wall was being constructed, it was noticed that the wall for the
shower fixture was filled solid with concrete. The shower fixture and plumbing lines could have
been wall-mounted, however this was not an aesthetic or easy to maintain option. This change
provides a wall mounted shower fixture with plumbing lines and shower controls in a single
enclosed unit.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional contract time will be determined at a later
date.
CPR#18 Steel Plates to Stabilize Stairwell Block Wall $ 7,903.69
The following issues require this change order:
1) At the bottom of the stairs from the mezzanine to the apparatus bay, the stairwell is enclosed by a
fire rated CMU wall. The plans originally called for L-brackets at the top of the wall which would
be welded to the steel beam above. This arrangement by itself would have been very difficult to
install fire-blocking. An alternate design was proposed to replace the L-brackets with welded
steel plates and concrete dry-packing to meet structural and fire-rated requirements. This
proposal was discussed with the Architect and the Building Inspector and approved.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional contract time will be determined at a later
date.
CPR#19 Structural Fix for Generator Deck $ 19,826.82
The following issues require this change order:
1) After the Generator package was delivered and installed, it was found that the weight of the
generator, plus a full tank of fuel, would exceed the design rating of the generator deck. The
Architect and structural engineers at CPH investigate several options and proposed a retro-fit of
structural steel, bolted into the existing concreted. West provided temporary shoring until the
retro-fit can be installed. CPH has provided signed and sealed drawings for the retro-fit, which
are attached to this change order. All construction materials and installations shall be conformant
with the attached CPH Design.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional contract time will be determined at a later
date.
CPR#20 Change door function with additional hardware $ 6,846.66
The followinq issues require this change order:
1) The Door Schedule, provided in the original plans, were reviewed by the Fire Rescue Department
and several modifications were requested. In addition to the-garage doors, there are two
standard doors on the-ground level. The original plans and door schedule called for these doors
to be Panic Bar operated from the inside with No Reentry from the outside when closed. The
Fire Rescue asked that these two doors be changed to add a key operable handle on the outside
to allow entry, via key only, from the outside. This would allow Fire Rescue personnel access to
the apparatus bay without having to-go upstairs to enter the building and then back down stairs to
the bay. Also, two doors at the top of the stairwell from the Admin area down to the Apparatus
Bay were also originally scheduled for Panic Bar operation with no reentry from the stair well.
Fire Rescue requested these also be refitted with key operated handles to allow for re-entry to the
building from the Apparatus Bay to the Admin area of the building.
2) The lock hardware and lock cores for all doors were not specified to the County's current
standard, Best CoreMaxTM. This was corrected during the submittal review, but represents an
additional charge to meet the current specification.
3) As per the West change proposal request, additional contract time will be determined at a later
date.
CPR#21 Revision to Irrigation System $ 9,357.47
The following issues require this change order:
1) The original bid plans assumed that water service to the building would come from the US-1 side.
FKAA required that all water service come from the La Fitte side of the building. The Fire Station
requires three (3) water service connections (and 3 meters). The site plan was revised for the
domestic water and fire flow service connections and only required re-routing the mains from US-
1 to LaFitte. The connections to the building did not have to move. However the Irrigation plans
were not revised until May 2020. The revised connection of the irrigation supply line required
"flipping"the supply line size and connection from US-1 to LaFitte and some minor re-design of
the irrigation layout. Also, the size specified for the irrigation meter was only 518 inch and a 1.0
inch connection was needed to meet flow requirements.. However, by May 2020, the parking lot
was under construction and the sub-grade was installed prior to trenching for the irrigation lines.
This required the paving contractor to have to stop and re-mobilize to fix the subgrade after the
revised irrigation line was installed.. Additional work was required of the plumbing sub, the
irrigation sub and the paving/site work sub.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional contract time will be determined at a later
date.
CPR#22 Add Circuit for 61h Overhead Door Motor $ 1,334.37
The followinq issues require this change order:
1) The original Architectural and Structural plans show 3 pairs of-garage doors (6 doors total) and 6
total-gara-ge door openers along with structural attachment points. The Electrical plans show only
5 electrical circuits for the 6-gara-ge door openers. There were no inquiries prior to bid regarding
the discrepancy. The breaker panel has sufficient spare breaker space to accommodate the
added circuit. Additional labor and materials are required to add the missinq circuit.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional contract time will be determined at a later
date.
CPR#23 Relocate the termination of the new IT Conduits $ 1,918.76
The following issues require this change order:
1) The original plans showed the IT fiber service cables coming from the US-1 side of the project
site at a location near the north side of the building next to the Apparatus Bay doors.
Underground conduits for this service were shown entering the building and passing through the
apparatus bay and up through the floor to the IT room. These plans also showed the electric
power service for the building coming from the LaFitte side of the project site to the transformer
and then to the electrical room. After service was negotiated with Keys Energy Service it was
determine that electrical service would have to come from the US-1 side and require a new
secondary pole. At that time the County IT department agreed with the network service providers
to use that secondary pole and new conduit for the IT fiber cables. The Keys Energy contractor
provided the main conduit from US-1 to the building and pulled their fiber cable. The electrical
sub to West provided the conduit to make the final connection to the IT room. This was additional
labor and materials not on the original plans.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional contract time will be determined at a later
date.
CPR#24 Relocate Domestic Water Booster Pump Power $ 573.24
The following issues require this change order:
1) The original plans showed the domestic water booster pump located outside the building near the
entrance of the main service line. Prior to installation, the outside location was determined to be
a maintenance problem. An alternate location, on the compressor platform next to the
mezzanine, was selected. This new location was approved by the Architect/Engineer of Record.
This required a minor relocation of conduit and electrical circuits.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional contract time will be determined at a later
date.
CPR#25 Tile Corner in Lieu of Bullnose Tile $ 278.03
The following issues require this change order:
1) The ceramic wall tile specified for the kitchen and bath areas, and proposed by the Contractor,
did not have a matching bullnose tile as specified in the original plans for terminating finish tile at
door and wall edges and around windows. The Contractor recommended, and the Architect
approved, the use of a color matched vinyl edge-guard to provide a finished edge at required
locations. This change order is for the cost of materials only as installation was not an additional
expense.
2) As per the West change proposal request, additional contract time will be determined at a later
date.
CPR#26 Upgrade Fuel Dispensing Hose to 100ft. $ 2,223.68
The following issues require this change order:
1. This is a County requested proposal to upgrade the fuel dispensing system on the Generator fuel
tank from the original specified 60 feet of hose with reel to 100 feet of hose plus (a larger) reel.
The fuel dispensing system was designed to allow fuelinq of Fire Rescue vehicles from the
Generator fuel tank in times of emergency. The originally specified 60-foot hose would only
reach one side of a vehicle parked in the closest spot available. The 100-foot hose will enable
fuelinq of vehicles with fuel tanks on either side.
2. As per the West change proposal request, additional time to the contract will be determined at a
later date.
CPRs #5, 21, and 22 Resulted from A/E errors but staff does not recommend pressing
and E&O claim — the reasons are contained below
CPR#5 Increased wall thickness of beam $ 2,568.95
CPR#21 Revision to Irrigation System $ 9,357.47
CPR#22 Add Circuit for 61h Overhead Door Motor $ 1,334.37
Change Order Attachment per Ordinance No. 004-1999
• Change Order was not included in the original contract specifications. Yes ® No ❑
If Yes, explanation:
CPR#5 - - The increase in beam wall thickness was added by the Architect upon review of the shop
drawing submittal for structural steel. This increased the weight and cost of this beam.
CPR#21 - - The bid set of plans did not include the correct location for all water service to the project
site.
CPR#22 - - The bid set of plans included only 5 circuits for the 6 garage door openers and did not
include a 6 dedicated circuit.
• Change Order was included in the original specifications. Yes ❑ No
If Yes, explanation of increase in price:
• Change Order exceeds $50,000 or 5% of contract price (whichever is greater). Yes ❑ No
If Yes, explanation as to why it is not subject for a calling for bids:
• Project architect approves the change order. Yes ® No ❑
If no, explanation of why:
• Change Order is correcting an error or omission in design document. Yes ®No ❑
Should a claim under the applicable professional liability policy be made? Yes ❑ No
Explain:
CPR#5 -- The Architect caught the error in beam wall thickness during shop drawing submittal review
and prior to fabrication and construction, resulting in only an increase in materials cost.
CPR#21 - - Although the bid set of plans showed an incorrect location for water service, there was
ample time for revisions to avoid the re-work required to put in the irrigation after the parking lot
subgrade had been installed. This is poor management by the Contractor and was not the fault of the
Architect.
CPR#22 -- The 6th circuit for the 6th garage door opener was clearly omitted from the plans. However,
it is not clear that the electrical sub would have only bid 5 circuits when it was easy to see that 6 garage
doors needed to be functional. The omission should not have resulted in an increased price.
CPRs #7, 10, 11, and 19 Resulted from A/E errors but staff will pursue E&O claim — the
reasons are contained below
CPR#7 Tower Dimensions Discrepancy $ 2,780.25
CPR#10 Added Column to Mezzanine $ 1,529.69
CPR#11 Decking for Canopies over Apparatus Bay Doors $ 33,266.83
CPR#19 Structural Fix for Generator Deck $ 19,826.82
Change Order Attachment per Ordinance No. 004-1999
• Change Order was not included in the original contract specifications. Yes ® No ❑
If Yes, explanation:
CPR#7 - - The plans provided to all bidders contained a discrepancy in the dimensions shown on the
architectural plans (Sheet A1.0) versus the dimensions on the Structural Plans (Sheet S2.0) regarding
the tower walls and elevations for the northeast corner of the building — at the main entrance. The
original Structural details also did not provide clarity. RFI#26 addressed this discrepancy, however the
response from the Architect(CPH) was insufficient to resolve all dimensions. The forms for the beams
in this area were sized based on the structural plans, however these dimensions were 2 feet shorter
than the dimensions on the architectural plans. Since the discrepancy only affected the projection of
one short wall at the tower/corner, the contractor made the adjustment and increased the projection
by 2 feet, including adjusting the reinforcing steel. No additional materials were required. This change
order involved labor only.
CPR#10 - - Regarding the excessive deflection in the mezzanine beam, the Architect reviewed and
approved the Contractor's shop drawings, including the location of field welds. Under load the installed
beam was found to be deflecting excessively. The Architect recommended a new column to add
support and provided revised structural plans.
CPR#11 --Because the original design was incomplete, additional materials and work was required to
properly install the framing, roofing and soffit materials for these canopies.
CPR#19 - - The West-proposed generator package was based on the original basis of design and
specifications. The original design was apparently based on only one generator package example
weight—not the generator proposed by West(which was listed as the basis of design).
• Change Order was included in the original specifications. Yes ❑ No
If Yes, explanation of increase in price:
• Change Order exceeds $50,000 or 5% of contract price (whichever is greater). Yes ❑ No
If Yes, explanation as to why it is not subject for a calling for bids:
• Project architect approves the change order. Yes ® No ❑
If no, explanation of why:
• Change Order is correcting an error or omission in design document. Yes ®No ❑
Should a claim under the applicable professional liability policy be made? Yes ® No ❑
Explain:
CPR#7 - -As described above, there was a clear discrepancy in the plans between the architectural
and structural sheets. This discrepancy was exacerbated by conflicting information contained in
supporting structural details. The contractor used the structural plans and details to form the building
beams and floors. This discrepancy was not discovered until a late stage in the project, after the
structural beams had been formed (but not poured). The wall construction in this area was being
planned and the dimensions did not match.
CPR#10 - - Regarding the excessive deflection in the mezzanine beam, the Architect reviewed and
approved the Contractor's shop drawings, including the location of field welds at an intermediate
column.
CPR#11 -- The original design was incomplete and not conformant with applicable building codes
CPR# 19 -- The design load of the original generator deck did not meet the actual weight of one of the
commercially available generator packages that were listed in the plans and specifications as the basis
of design. The retro-fit and repair costs of this change order will greatly exceed the cost of a minor
increase in concrete and reinforcing steel that would have been needed if the original design had been
sufficient for the weight of all possible generators specified for this project. The retrofit itself and the
cost of the repairs do not add value to the project.
CPRs # 8 & 18 Resulted from Scope items included in the original bid but for which staff
requested changes
CPR#8 IT System Furnish &Install $ 13,822.90
CPR#18 Steel Plates to Stabilize Stairwell Block Wall $ 7,903.69
Change Order Attachment per Ordinance No. 004-1999
• Change Order was not included in the original contract specifications. Yes ® No ❑
If Yes, explanation:
CPR#8 -- The original plans did not include conduits and cabling for network and telephone systems.
After award, the County worked with the IT Department and Fire Rescue to locate required data and
telephone jacks. The Contractor was asked to provide a proposal to furnish and install these IT
components.
CPR# 18 - - The design was determined to be difficult to construct and meet all requirements. The
proposed change will meet all structural and fire rating requirements, while provided added value in the
form of reduced long term maintenance
• Change Order was included in the original specifications. Yes ❑ No
If Yes, explanation of increase in price:
• Change Order exceeds $50,000 or 5% of contract price (whichever is greater). Yes ❑ No
If Yes, explanation as to why it is not subject for a calling for bids:
• Project architect approves the change order. Yes ® No ❑
If no, explanation of why: .
• Change Order is correcting an error or omission in design document. Yes ❑No
Should a claim under the applicable professional liability policy be made? Yes ❑ No
Explain:
CPRs # 12,15, 16, 17, 20, 23, 24, 25, & 26 are scope items not included in the original
bid but for which staff requested changes
CPR#12 Credit for Color Concrete $ (1,466.29)
CPR#15 Lighting Fixture Color Change $ 2,160.25
CPR#16 Relocate Hose Reels-Combine to Air+Power $ 10,244.69
CPR#17 De-Con Shower Fixture Change $ 1,203.48
CPR#20 Change door function with additional hardware $ 6,846.66
CPR#23 Relocate the termination of the new IT Conduits $ 1,918.76
CPR#24 Relocate Domestic Water Booster Pump Power $ 573.24
CPR#25 Tile Corner in Lieu of Bullnose Tile $ 278.03
CPR#26 Upgrade Fuel Dispensing Hose to 100ft. $ 2,223.68
Change Order Attachment per Ordinance No. 004-1999
• Change Order was not included in the original contract specifications. Yes ❑ No
If Yes, explanation:
• Change Order was included in the original specifications. Yes ❑ No FJ
If Yes, explanation of increase in price:
• Change Order exceeds $50,000 or 5% of contract price (whichever is greater). Yes ❑ No
If Yes, explanation as to why it is not subject for a calling for bids:
• Project architect approves the change order. Yes ® No ❑
If no, explanation of why:
• Change Order is correcting an error or omission in design document. Yes ❑No
Should a claim under the applicable professional liability policy be made? Yes ❑ No
Explain:
CPR#20 -- The original plans and specifications included a Door Schedule and lock core specification
but did not meet the most recent County standards for lock specifications. There is no evidence that
the Architect was given the latest standards during design.
CPR #23 - - The change in location from where to locate the IT Fiber Service cable was based on a
County decision.
CPR#24-- The new location of the booster pump improves long term maintenance and life cycle costs
and therefore represents value added to the building.