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Resolution 003-2021 RESOLUTION NO. 003 2021 A RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA, ADOPTING THE 2020 UPDATE OF THE LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY AS REQUIRED BY STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS TO QUALIFY FOR CERTAIN MITIGATION GRANT FUNDING WHEREAS, Monroe County adopted a Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) in 1999, an update in 2005, an update in 2010; and an update in 2015; and WHEREAS, Monroe County and the cities of Key West, Key Colony Beach, Layton, Islamorada. and Marathon have experienced hurricanes and other natural hazard events that pose risks to public health and safety and which may cause serious property damage; and WHEREAS, the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Management Act, as amended by the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, requires local jurisdictions to adopt mitigation plans in order to be eligible for post-disaster and pre-disaster grants to implement certain mitigation projects; and WHEREAS, pursuant to Florida Administrative Code Section 27P-22, the County and municipalities must have a formal LMS Working Group and the LMS Working Group must review and update the LMS every five years in order to maintain eligibility for mitigation grant programs; and WHEREAS, the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994, the Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004, as amended, require local jurisdictions to adopt a mitigation to be eligible for grants to implement certain flood mitigation projects; and WHEREAS, the planning process required by the State of Florida and the Federal Emergency Management Agency offers the opportunity to consider natural hazards and risks and to identify mitigation actions to reduce future impacts of such hazards; and WHEREAS, the State of Florida has provided federal mitigation funds to support the development of the Local Mitigation Strategy; and WHEREAS, the 2020 Update of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy was revised by the LMS Working Group composed of representatives of Monroe County, the cities of Key. West, Key Colony Beach, Layton, Islamorada, and Marathon, utilities, and a number of nonprofit organizations have reviewed and updated the LMS; and WHEREAS, the 2020 LMS Update identifies mitigation initiatives that will improve the process used to identify and manage mitigation initiatives intended to minimize and reduce safety threats and damage to private and public property; and WHEREAS,the 2020 LMS Update was made available to the public and public meetings were held on June 18, September 2, November 10, and November 25, 2020, to solicit questions and comments and to present the LMS; and WHEREAS, the 2020 EMS Update was submitted to the Florida Division of Emergency Management and FEMA for review and minor revisions were made in response to comments;final approval by the State and FEMA will be issued after the LMS is adopted. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA, that: I. The 2020 LMS Update is adopted as an official plan of Monroe County, Florida, contingent upon approval by the State and FEMA. 2. Any initiative identified in the 2020 LMS Update shall be subject to, and contingent upon, budget approval, if required. which shall be at the discretion of the Board of County Commissioners, and this resolution shall not be interpreted so as to mandate any such appropriations. 3. The Monroe County Emergency Management Department is directed to coordinate with appropriate County departments and to perform the annual report requirements set forth in the Florida Administrative Code Chapter 27P-22.004. 4. The Clerk is directed to mail copies of this resolution to the Florida Division of Emergency Management and the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Region IV Office. This resolution shall become effective upon the date of its adoption. PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Board of County Commissioners of Monroe County, this 20th day of January 2021. Mayor Michelle Coldiron Yes Mayor Pro Tem David Rice Yes a_ U% Commissioner Craig Cates Yes ro -n Commissioner Eddie Martinez Yes - w4S\ ommissioner Mike Forster Yes a s; a C, 3 of- ' ) BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS° = 9 ' ST: KEVIN ADOK, CLERK OF MONROE ' . ` • c^VYBY BY ,mac{ 'MOP DO As Deputy Clerk Mayor Michelle Coldiron ROE V FOR COUNTY ATTORMtNEY A{;'F'RO ASSI ATTORNEY Dm. 1/11/21 wood. �qb Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy I'll7 m;7�`d" All b � � -44 W 41h , t� �5 f yr - - ---- d y December TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background...................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Purpose and Authority..................................................................................................................2 1.3 Scope.............................................................................................................................................2 1.4 References ....................................................................................................................................3 1.5 Plan Organization..........................................................................................................................3 1.6 Key Terms and Acronyms..............................................................................................................4 1.6.1 Key Terms..............................................................................................................................4 1.6.2 Acronyms ..............................................................................................................................4 2 Planning Process ...........................................................................................................................5 2.1 Purpose.........................................................................................................................................5 2.2 What's Changed in the Plan..........................................................................................................6 2.3 Preparing the Plan.........................................................................................................................7 2.3.1 Phase I—Planning Process....................................................................................................8 2.3.2 Phase 11—Risk Assessment....................................................................................................9 2.3.3 Phase III—Mitigation Strategy............................................................................................10 2.3.4 Phase IV—Plan Maintenance..............................................................................................10 2.4 Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group ..................................................................................10 2.5 Meetings and Workshops...........................................................................................................13 2.5.1 Annual LMSWG Meetings...................................................................................................13 2.6 Involving the Public.....................................................................................................................14 2.7 Outreach Efforts..........................................................................................................................14 2.8 Involving the Stakeholders..........................................................................................................16 2.9 Documentation of Plan Progress ................................................................................................16 3 Planning Area Profile...................................................................................................................20 3.1 Geography and Environment......................................................................................................20 3.2 Population and Demographics....................................................................................................27 3.3 Historic Properties ......................................................................................................................31 3.4 Housing .......................................................................................................................................32 3.5 Infrastructure..............................................................................................................................34 3.5.1 Transportation ....................................................................................................................34 3.5.2 Utilities................................................................................................................................34 3.6 Current and Future Land Use......................................................................................................35 3.6.1 Rate of Growth Ordinance..................................................................................................35 Monroe County,FL Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.7 Employment and Industry...........................................................................................................37 3.7.1 Wages and Employment.....................................................................................................37 4 Hazard Identification &Risk Assessment......................................................................................39 4.1 Overview.....................................................................................................................................39 4.2 Hazard Identification...................................................................................................................40 4.3 Risk Assessment Methodology and Assumptions.......................................................................44 4.4 Asset Inventory...........................................................................................................................48 4.4.1 Building Exposure................................................................................................................48 4.4.2 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure Exposure....................................................................49 4.5 Hazard Profiles, Analysis, and Vulnerability................................................................................51 4.5.1 Flood ...................................................................................................................................51 4.5.2 Tropical Cyclones ................................................................................................................80 4.5.3 Severe Storms (Thunderstorm Wind, Lightning, and Hail) ...............................................105 4.5.4 Tornadoes and Waterspouts.............................................................................................116 4.5.5 Wildfire..............................................................................................................................130 4.5.6 Coastal Erosion..................................................................................................................145 4.5.7 Drought.............................................................................................................................153 4.5.8 Extreme Heat....................................................................................................................161 4.5.9 Sea Level Rise and other Climate Change Characteristics ................................................167 4.5.10 Radiological Incident.........................................................................................................181 4.5.11 Cyber Attack......................................................................................................................187 4.6 Conclusions on Hazard Risk.......................................................................................................192 4.7 References ................................................................................................................................194 5 Capability Assessment...............................................................................................................196 5.1 Overview...................................................................................................................................196 5.2 Capability Assessment Findings................................................................................................196 5.2.1 Planning and Regulatory Capability..................................................................................197 5.2.2 Administrative and Technical Capability...........................................................................203 5.2.3 Fiscal Capability.................................................................................................................204 5.2.4 Education and Outreach Capability ..................................................................................205 5.2.5 Political Capability.............................................................................................................206 5.3 Conclusions on Local Capability................................................................................................206 6 Mitigation Strategy....................................................................................................................207 6.1 Goals and Objectives.................................................................................................................207 6.1.1 Coordination with Other Planning Efforts ........................................................................207 6.1.2 Goal Setting.......................................................................................................................208 6.1.3 Resulting Goals and Objectives.........................................................................................208 Monroe County,FL Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.2 Identification and Analysis of Mitigation Activities..................................................................209 6.2.1 Prioritization Process ........................................................................................................209 7 Mitigation Action Plan...............................................................................................................211 8 Plan Maintenance .....................................................................................................................229 8.1 Distribution ...............................................................................................................................229 8.2 Implementation ........................................................................................................................229 8.3 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Enhancement..............................................................................230 8.3.1 Role of LMSWG in Implementation, Monitoring and Maintenance.................................230 8.3.2 Monitoring and Maintenance Schedule ...........................................................................231 8.3.3 Maintenance Evaluation Process......................................................................................231 8.4 Continued Public Involvement..................................................................................................232 9 Plan Adoption ...........................................................................................................................234 AnnexA Monroe County...........................................................................................................241 A.1 Planning Process.......................................................................................................................241 A.2 Community Profile....................................................................................................................241 A.3 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................................242 A.3.1 Flood .................................................................................................................................243 A.3.2 Sea Level Rise....................................................................................................................252 A.3.3 Storm Surge.......................................................................................................................260 A.3.4 Wildfire..............................................................................................................................268 A.4 Capability Assessment..............................................................................................................290 A.4.1 Comprehensive Plan and Future Land Use.......................................................................290 A.4.2 Floodplain Management...................................................................................................293 A.5 Mitigation Strategy...................................................................................................................295 Annex B City of Key Colony Beach..............................................................................................304 13.1 Planning Process.......................................................................................................................304 13.2 Community Profile....................................................................................................................304 13.3 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................................306 13.3.1 Flood .................................................................................................................................308 B.3.2 Sea Level Rise....................................................................................................................311 13.3.3 Storm Surge.......................................................................................................................313 B.3.4 Wildfire..............................................................................................................................315 13.4 Capability Assessment..............................................................................................................319 13.4.1 Comprehensive Plan and Land Use...................................................................................319 13.4.2 Floodplain Management...................................................................................................321 13.5 Mitigation Strategy...................................................................................................................323 AnnexC City of Key West..........................................................................................................330 Monroe County,FL Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS CAPlanning Process.......................................................................................................................330 C.2 Community Profile....................................................................................................................330 C.3 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................................332 C.3.1 Flood .................................................................................................................................335 C.3.2 Sea Level Rise....................................................................................................................338 C.3.3 Storm Surge.......................................................................................................................340 C.3.4 Wildfire..............................................................................................................................342 CACapability Assessment..............................................................................................................346 C.4.1 Comprehensive Plan and Land Use...................................................................................346 C.4.2 Floodplain Management...................................................................................................349 C.5 Mitigation Strategy...................................................................................................................352 AnnexD City of Layton ..............................................................................................................365 D.1 Planning Process.......................................................................................................................365 D.2 Community Profile....................................................................................................................365 D.3 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................................367 D.3.1 Flood .................................................................................................................................369 D.3.2 Sea Level Rise....................................................................................................................372 D.3.3 Storm Surge.......................................................................................................................374 D.3.4 Wildfire..............................................................................................................................376 D.4 Capability Assessment..............................................................................................................380 D.4.1 Comprehensive Plan and Land Use...................................................................................380 D.4.2 Floodplain Management...................................................................................................380 D.5 Mitigation Strategy...................................................................................................................382 AnnexE City of Marathon .........................................................................................................390 E.1 Planning Process.......................................................................................................................390 E.2 Community Profile....................................................................................................................390 E.3 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................................392 E.3.1 Flood .................................................................................................................................394 E.3.2 Sea Level Rise....................................................................................................................397 E.3.3 Storm Surge.......................................................................................................................399 E.3.4 Wildfire..............................................................................................................................401 E.4 Capability Assessment..............................................................................................................405 E.4.1 Comprehensive Plan and Land Use...................................................................................405 E.4.2 Floodplain Management...................................................................................................410 E.5 Mitigation Strategy...................................................................................................................412 Annex F Islamorada Village of Islands........................................................................................420 F.1 Planning Process.......................................................................................................................420 Monroe County,FL Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS F.2 Community Profile....................................................................................................................420 F.3 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................................422 F.3.1 Flood .................................................................................................................................424 F.3.2 Sea Level Rise....................................................................................................................427 F.3.3 Storm Surge.......................................................................................................................429 F.3.4 Wildfire..............................................................................................................................431 F.4 Capability Assessment ..............................................................................................................435 F.4.1 Comprehensive Plan and Land Use...................................................................................435 F.4.2 Floodplain Management...................................................................................................439 F.5 Mitigation Strategy...................................................................................................................441 Appendix B Planning Process Documentation ............................................................................. B.1 Appendix C Mitigation Alternatives.............................................................................................C.1 CA Categories of Mitigation Measures Considered ........................................................................CA C.2 Alternative Mitigation Measures per Category.........................................................................CA C.2.1 Preventative and Regulatory Measures.............................................................................CA C.2.2 Property Protection Measures...........................................................................................C.5 C.2.3 Natural Resource Protection..............................................................................................C.8 C.2.4 Emergency Services Measures.........................................................................................C.11 C.2.5 Structural Projects............................................................................................................C.14 C.2.6 Public Information............................................................................................................C.16 Appendix D Mitigation Prioritization Process............................................................................... D.1 D.1 Mitigation Prioritization Process................................................................................................D.1 D.1.1 Step One: Preliminary Identification of Mitigation Initiatives...........................................D.1 D.1.2 Step Two: Prioritized Mitigation Initiatives .......................................................................D.2 D.1.3 Step Three: Completed/Deleted/Carried Forward Initiatives ...........................................D.2 AppendixE References................................................................................................................E.1 Monroe County,FL Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction Section 1 provides a general introduction to hazard mitigation and an introduction to the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. This section contains the following subsections: 1.1 Background 1.2 Purpose and Authority 1.3 Scope 1.4 References 1.5 Plan Organization 1.6 Key Terms and Acronyms 1.1 BACKGROUND This document comprises a Local Mitigation Strategy for Monroe County in Florida. Each year in the United States, natural and human-caused hazards take the lives of hundreds of people and injure thousands more. Nationwide, taxpayers pay billions of dollars annually to help communities, organizations, businesses, and individuals recover from disasters. These monies only partially reflect the true cost of disasters because additional expenses incurred by insurance companies and non- governmental organizations are not reimbursed by tax dollars. Many natural hazards are predictable,and much of the damage caused by hazard events can be reduced or even eliminated. Hazards are a natural part of the environment that will inevitably continue to occur, but there is much we can do to minimize their impacts on our communities and prevent them from resulting in disasters. Every community faces different hazards, has different resources to draw upon in combating problems, and has different interests that influence the solutions to those problems. Because there are many ways to deal with hazards and many agencies that can help, there is no one solution for managing or mitigating their effects. Planning is one of the best ways to develop a customized program that will mitigate the impacts of hazards while accounting for the unique character of a community. A well-prepared local mitigation strategy will ensure that all possible activities are reviewed and implemented so that the problem is addressed by the most appropriate and efficient solutions. It can also ensure that activities are coordinated with each other and with other goals and activities, preventing conflicts and reducing the costs of implementing each individual activity. This plan provides a framework for all interested parties to work together toward mitigation. It establishes the vision and guiding principles for reducing hazard risk and proposes specific mitigation actions to eliminate or reduce identified vulnerabilities. In an effort to reduce the nation's mounting natural disaster losses,the U.S. Congress passed the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) to invoke new and revitalized approaches to mitigation planning. Section 322 of DMA 2000 emphasizes the need for state and local government entities to closely coordinate on mitigation planning activities and makes the development of a hazard mitigation plan a specific eligibility requirement for any local government applying for federal mitigation grant funds. These funds include the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), the Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) program (formerly the Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) program), and the Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Program, all of which are administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA)under the Department of Homeland Security. Communities with an adopted and federally approved hazard mitigation plan thereby become pre-positioned and more apt to receive available mitigation funds before and after the next disaster strikes. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION This plan was prepared in coordination with FEMA Region IV and the Florida Division of Emergency Management (FDEM) to ensure that it meets all applicable federal and state planning requirements. A Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool,found in Appendix A, provides a summary of FEMA and FDEM's current minimum standards of acceptability and notes the location within this plan where each planning requirement is met. 1.2 PURPOSE AND AUTHORITY The Board of County Commissioners directed the Monroe County Emergency Management Department to coordinate and facilitate the development of the LMS,and subsequent 5-year updates, in conformance with state and federal guidelines.This plan was developed in a joint and cooperative manner by members of a Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group(LMSWG)which included representatives of County and City departments, federal and state agencies, citizens, and other stakeholders. This plan will ensure all jurisdictions in Monroe County remain eligible for federal disaster assistance including the FEMA HMGP, BRIC, and FMA programs. This plan has been prepared in compliance with Section 322 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act or the Act), 42 U.S.C. 5165, enacted under Section 104 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, (DMA 2000) Public Law 106-390 of October 30, 2000, as implemented at CFR 201.6 and 201.7 dated October 2007. Additionally,this plan meets the requirements set forth by the Florida Administrative Code Chapter 27P-22. This plan will be adopted by each participating jurisdiction in accordance with standard local procedures. Copies of adoption resolutions are provided in Section 9 Plan Adoption. This document comprises a Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy for Monroe County.The planning area includes all incorporated municipalities and unincorporated areas in the region. All participating jurisdictions, along with additional local entities, are listed in Table 1.1. Table 1.1—Participating Jurisdictions in the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Monroe County City of Key Colony Beach City of Key West City of Layton City of Marathon Islamorada Village of Islands Local Entities Participating in LMS Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority(FKAA) Florida Keys Electric Cooperative(FKEC) KEYS Energy Services The focus of this plan is on those hazards deemed "high" or"moderate" priority hazards for the planning area, as determined through the risk and vulnerability assessments. Lower priority hazards will continue to be evaluated but will not necessarily be prioritized for mitigation in the action plan. Monroe County followed the planning process prescribed by the FEMA, and this plan was developed under the guidance of an LMSWG comprised of representatives of County,and City departments;citizens; and other stakeholders. The LMSWG conducted a risk assessment that identified and profiled hazards that pose a risk to the planning area, assessed the planning area's vulnerability to these hazards, and examined each participating jurisdiction's capabilities in place to mitigate them. The hazards profiled in this plan include: Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION Natural Hazards: • Flood • Tropical Cyclones • Severe Storms (Thunderstorm Wind, Lightning, Hail) • Tornadoes and Waterspouts • Wildfire • Coastal Erosion • Drought • Extreme Heat • Sea Level Rise and Other Climate Change Characteristics Technological/ Human-Caused Hazards: • Radiological Incident • Cyber Attack 1.4 REFERENCES The following FEMA guides and reference documents were used to prepare this document: FEMA 386-1: Getting Started. September 2002. FEMA 386-2: Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses.August 2001. FEMA 386-3: Developing the Mitigation Plan.April 2003. FEMA 386-4: Bringing the Plan to Life.August 2003. FEMA 386-5: Using Benefit-Cost Review in Mitigation Planning. May 2007. FEMA 386-6: Integrating Historic Property and Cultural Resource Considerations into Hazard Mitigation Planning. May 2005. FEMA 386-7: Integrating Manmade Hazards into Mitigation Planning. September 2003. FEMA 386-8: Multijurisdictional Mitigation Planning.August 2006. FEMA 386-9: Using the Hazard Mitigation Plan to Prepare Successful Mitigation Projects.August 2008. FEMA. Local Mitigation Planning Handbook. March 2013. FEMA. Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide. October 1, 2011. FEMA National Fire Incident Reporting System 5.0: Complete Reference Guide.January, 2008. FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance Unified Guidance.June 1, 2010. FEMA. Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning: Case Studies and Tools for Community Officials. March 1, 2013. FEMA. Mitigation Ideas.A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards.January 2013. Additional sources used in the development of this plan, including data compiled for the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, are listed in Appendix D. The Monroe County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy is organized into the following sections: Section 2: Planning Process Section 3: Planning Area Profile Section 4: Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment Section 5: Capability Assessment Section 6: Mitigation Strategy Section 7: Mitigation Action Plan Section 8: Plan Maintenance Section 9: Plan Adoption Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION Appendix A: Local Plan Review Tool Appendix B: Planning Process Documentation Appendix C: Mitigation Alternatives Appendix D: Mitigation Prioritization Process Appendix E: References ACRONYMS1.6 KEY TERMS AND 1.6.1 Key Terms The following common terms are used in the Local Mitigation Strategy: Disaster means the occurrence of widespread or severe damage, injury, loss of life or property, or such severe economic or social disruption that supplemental disaster relief assistance is necessary for the affected political jurisdiction(s) to recover and alleviate the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused thereby. Flood Hazard Area or Floodplain is the area adjoining a river, stream, shoreline, or other body of water that is subject to partial or complete inundation.The area predicted to flood during the 1% annual chance flood, sometimes referred to as the "100-year"flood. Hazard is defined as the natural or technological phenomenon, event, or physical condition that has the potential to cause property damage, infrastructure damage, other physical losses, and injuries and fatalities. Mitigation is defined as actions taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to life and property from hazards. Mitigation actions are intended to reduce the need for emergency response — as opposed to improving the ability to respond. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), located within the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), is charged with preparing Flood Insurance Rate Maps, developing regulations to guide development, and providing insurance for flood damage. Risk is defined as the potential losses associated with a hazard. Ideally, risk is defined in terms of expected probability and frequency of the hazard occurring, people and property exposed, and potential consequences. 1.6.2 Acronyms The following acronyms are used in the Local Mitigation Strategy: BOCC—Board of County Commissioners HMGP—Hazard Mitigation Grant BRIC—Building Resilient Infrastructure Program (FEMA) and Communities grant program LMS—Local Mitigation Strategy CRS—Community Rating System LMSWG—Local Mitigation Strategy FBC—Florida Building Code Working Group FDEM— Florida Division of Emergency NFIP—National Flood Insurance Management Program (FEMA) FEMA—U.S. Department of Homeland NROGO— Non-Residential Rate of Security, Federal Emergency Growth Ordinance Allocation System Management Agency ► ROGO—Rate of Growth Ordinance FIRM—Flood Insurance Rate Map ► RLAA—Repetitive Loss Area Analysis FMA—Flood Mitigation Assistance ► SRL—Severe Repetitive Loss (FEMA) ► SFHA—Special Flood Hazard Area GIS—Geographic Information System Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS 2 Planning Process Requirement §201.6(b): An open public involvement process is essential to the development of an effective plan. To develop a more comprehensive approach to reducing the effects of natural disasters, the planning process shall include: 1)An opportunity for the public to comment on the plan during the drafting stage and prior to plan approval; 2) An opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, and agencies that have the authority to regulate development, as well as businesses, academia, and other private and nonprofit interests to be involved in the planning process; and 3) Review and incorporation, if appropriate,of existing plans,studies, reports,and technical information. Requirement§201.6(c)(1):The plan shall include the following: 1) Documentation of the planning process used to develop the plan, including how it was prepared, who was involved in the process,and how the public was involved. This section provides a review of the planning process followed for the development of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. It consists of the following sub-sections: 2.1 Purpose 2.2 What's Changed in the Plan 2.3 Preparing the Plan 2.4 Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group 2.5 Meetings and Workshops 2.6 Involving the Public 2.7 Outreach Efforts 2.8 Involving the Stakeholders 2.9 Documentation of Plan Progress 2.1 PURPOSE Hazards area natural part of our environment that will inevitably continue to occur, but there is much we can do to minimize their impacts on our communities and prevent them from resulting in disasters. Every community faces different hazards, has different resources available to combat problems, and has different interests that influence the solutions to those problems. Because there are many ways to deal with hazards and many agencies that can help, there is no one solution for managing or mitigating their effects. Planning is one of the best ways to develop a customized program that will mitigate the impacts of hazards while taking into account the unique character of a community. As defined by FEMA, "hazard mitigation" means any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to life and property from a hazard event. Hazard mitigation planning is the process through which hazards are identified, likely impacts determined, mitigation goals set, and appropriate mitigation strategies determined, prioritized, and implemented. The purpose of the Monroe County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy is to identify, assess, and mitigate hazard risk to better protect the people and property within Monroe County from the effects of natural and human-caused hazards. This plan documents progress on existing local mitigation strategy efforts, updates the previous plan to reflect current conditions in the planning area including relevant hazards and vulnerabilities, increases public education and awareness about the plan and planning process, maintains grant eligibility for participating jurisdictions, maintains compliance with state and federal requirements for local hazard mitigation plans, and identifies and outlines strategies the County and participating jurisdictions will use to decrease vulnerability and increase resiliency. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS A well-prepared local mitigation strategy will ensure that all possible activities are reviewed and implemented so that the problem is addressed by the most appropriate and efficient solutions. It can also ensure that activities are coordinated with each other and with other goals and activities, preventing conflicts and reducing the costs of implementing each individual activity. This plan provides a framework for all interested parties to work together toward mitigation. It establishes the vision and guiding principles for reducing hazard risk and proposes specific mitigation actions to eliminate or reduce identified vulnerabilities. This plan presents a complete update to the 2015 Monroe County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy.All jurisdictions that participated in the 2015 LMS were also involved in this update.The previous plan was approved by FEMA in November 2015. For this update, the 2015 plan was used as a base for incorporation of new data and an updated planning process.The following requirements were addressed during the development of this new LMS update: Consider changes in vulnerability due to action implementation; Document success stories where mitigation efforts have proven effective; Document areas where mitigation actions were not effective; Document any new hazards that may arise or were previously overlooked; Incorporate new data or studies on hazards and risks; Incorporate new capabilities or changes in capabilities; Incorporate growth and development-related changes to inventories; and Incorporate new action recommendations or changes in action prioritization. This local mitigation strategy update involved a comprehensive review and update of each section of the existing plan and an assessmentof the success of the County and participating municipalities in evaluating, monitoring and implementing the mitigation strategy outlined in their existing plan. Only the information and data still valid from the existing plan was carried forward as applicable into this update. Changes by section are summarized as follows: Section 1 provides and introduction to the Local Mitigation Strategy and remains largely unchanged from the previous update. Section 2 has been updated to reflect the 2020 planning process,which was previously included in Chapter 3 of the 2015 Monroe County LMS. The section expands on the planning process by describing the combined CRS and DMA compliant planning process the consultants used to facilitate the LMSWG through this LMS update. Enhanced public outreach and agency coordination efforts were conducted throughout the plan update process in order to meet the more rigorous requirements of the 2017 CRS Coordinator's Manual, in addition to DMA requirements. Detailed documentation of the planning process is compiled separately in Appendix B. This section also presents data on mitigation actions from the 2015 strategy that were completed or deleted as a way to report on implementation progress of the 2015 update and separate these removed actions from those that the county and participating jurisdictions will be pursuing moving forward. Section 3, planning area profile, was previously included in Chapter 2 of the 2015 LMS. This section was updated to reflect the most up-to-date population,demographic,economic,and housing statistics. Details on land use and growth trends were updated to reflect recent changes in county-wide growth management strategies. Details on the Florida Building Code were moved to Section 5. Details on the number and value of buildings and structures as well as critical facilities are encompassed in the asset inventory in Section 4. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS Section 4 combines Chapters 5 and 6 from the 2015 LMS Update in order to consolidate all risk and vulnerability data for each hazard into a single, comprehensive plan section. Section 4 provides a comparison of the hazards addressed in the 2018 State of Florida Hazard Mitigation Plan and the 2015 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy and provides the final decision made by the HMPC as to which hazards should be included in the updated 2020 Local Mitigation Strategy. Updated data has been incorporated into each hazard profile. New vulnerability analyses were performed based on updated parcel data and population estimates. Where still relevant, data from the 2015 LMS was carried forward and incorporated into this section. In addition to the specific changes in hazard analyses identified in Section 4,the following items were also addressed in this 2020 plan update: GIS was used, to the extent data allowed,to analyze the priority hazards as part of the vulnerability assessment. Assets at risk to identified hazards were identified by property type and values of properties based on 2020 parcel data provided by Monroe County. A discussion on climate change and its projected effect on specific hazards was included in each hazard profile in the risk assessment. Section 5 is a new section, which presents a summary of the capability assessments, conducted to gauge each jurisdiction's existing abilities and resources to implement mitigation activities. Capability assessments were previously included in each jurisdiction's community chapter. Section 6 presents the mitigation strategy.This section presents the mitigation goals,which were included in Chapter 4 of the previous LMS. The goals have been updated to address the community's goals; associated objectives were also developed to allow for more detail and specificity. This section also discusses the categories of mitigation alternatives considered and the process used to prioritize mitigation actions. For the purpose of the LMS update,this process differs from the community's HMA prioritization process, which is now detailed in Appendix D. Section 7 presents the Mitigation Action Plan, which was previously found in Chapter 13 "Mitigation Initiatives." Here, initiatives have been combined into one comprehensive table summarizing all initiatives included in the LMS update. All mitigation actions have been grouped based on the mitigation category they fall within. Existing mitigation actions, including those from the County's HMA list, have been updated with a current status and new mitigation actions have been identified. Section 8 outlines the process for distribution, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the plan. This information was in Chapter 14 in the 2015 Monroe County LMS. Section 9 contains all applicable documentation of plan adoption from all participating communities. The plan annexes replace Chapters 7 through 12 of the prior Local Mitigation Strategy. Detailed information about each community's population and demographics, unique risks to each community from spatially defined hazards, details on community capability, and the specific initiative from the Mitigation Action Plan applicable by community are contained within each jurisdiction's individual annex. 2.3 PREPARING THE PLAN I The planning process for preparing the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy was based on DMA planning requirements and FEMA's associated guidance. This guidance is structured around a four-phase process: 1) Planning Process; 2) Risk Assessment; Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS 3) Mitigation Strategy; and 4) Plan Maintenance. Into this process, the planning consultant integrated a more detailed 10-step planning process used for FEMA's CRS and FMA programs. Thus, the modified 10-step process used for this plan meets the requirements of six major programs: FEMA's HMGP; BRIC (formerly the Post-Disaster Mitigation grant program);CRS; FMA;and SRL Programs;and new flood control projects authorized by the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers. Table 2.1 shows how the 10-step CRS planning process aligns with the four phases of hazard mitigation planning pursuant to DMA 2000. Table 2.1—Mitigation Planning and CRS 10-Step Process Reference Table DMA Process CRS Process Phase I—Planning Process §201.6(c)(1) Step 1. Organize to Prepare the Plan §201.6(b)(1) Step 2. Involve the Public §201.6(b)(2)&(3) Step 3. Coordinate Phase II—Risk Assessment §201.6(c)(2)(i) Step 4. Assess the Hazard §201.6(c)(2)(ii)&(iii) Step 5. Assess the Problem Phase III—Mitigation Strategy §201.6(c)(3)(i) Step 6. Set Goals §201.6(c)(3)(ii) Step 7. Review Possible Activities §201.6(c)(3)(iii) Step 8. Draft an Action Plan Phase IV—Plan Maintenance §201.6(c)(5) Step 9. Adopt the Plan §201.6(c)(4) Step 10. Implement, Evaluate and Revise the Plan The process followed for the preparation of this plan, as outlined in Table 2.1 above, is as follows: 2.3.1 Phase I — Planning Process Planning Step 1: Organize to Prepare the Plan With the County's commitment to participate in the DMA planning process, community officials worked to establish the framework and organization for development of the plan.An initial meeting was held with key community representatives to discuss the organizational aspects of the plan development process. The effort to reorganize and coordinate for the plan update was led by Monroe County Emergency Management's Senior Planner. Consultants from Wood Environment and Infrastructure Solutions, Inc. assisted by leading the County through the planning process and preparing the plan document. Planning Step 2: Involve the Public Public involvement in the development of the plan was sought using various methods, as detailed in Section 2.6. Planning Step 3: Coordinate The LMSWG formed for development of the 2015 Plan was reconvened for this plan update. More details on the LMSWG are provided in Section 2.4. Stakeholder coordination was incorporated into the formation of the HMPC and was sought through additional outreach methods. Coordination with Other Community Planning Efforts and Hazard Mitigation Activities In addition to stakeholder involvement, coordination with other community planning efforts was also seen as paramount to the success of this plan. Mitigation planning involves identifying existing policies, Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS tools, and actions that will reduce a community's risk and vulnerability to hazards. Monroe County and participating jurisdictions use a variety of planning mechanisms,such as Comprehensive Plans,subdivision regulations, building codes, and ordinances to guide growth and development. Integrating existing planning efforts, mitigation policies, and action strategies into this plan establishes a credible and comprehensive plan that ties into and supports other community programs. As detailed in Table 2.2,the development of this plan incorporated information from existing plans, studies, reports, and initiatives as well as other relevant data from neighboring communities and other jurisdictions. These and other documents were reviewed and considered, as appropriate, during the collection of data to support the planning process and plan development, including the hazard identification, vulnerability assessment, and capability assessment. Data from these sources was incorporated into the risk assessment and hazard vulnerability sections of the plan as appropriate. The data was also used in determining the capability of each jurisdiction to implement certain mitigation strategies. The Capability Assessment can be found in Section 5. Table 2.2—Summary of Existing Studies and Plans Reviewed Resource Referenced Use in this Plan The Monroe County Comprehensive Plan,and similar plans for the participating jurisdictions,were referenced in the Planning Local Comprehensive Plans Area Profile in Section 3. Comprehensive plans were also incorporated into Mitigation Action Plans where applicable in Section 7 and referenced in the Capability Assessment in Section 5. Local Ordinances(Flood Damage Prevention Local ordinances were referenced in the Capability Assessment Ordinances,Subdivision Ordinances,Zoning in Section 5 and where applicable for updates or enforcement Ordinances,etc) in Mitigation Action Plans in Section 7. Southeast Florida Regional Compact Unified The Unified Sea Level Rise projections were used as part of the Sea Level Rise Projections sea level rise/climate change profile in Section 4 to standardize projections across the broader region. Monroe County and Incorporated Areas The FIS report was referenced in the preparation of flood Flood Insurance Study(FIS), Revised hazard profile in Section 4. 02/18/2005 Monroe County Florida Comprehensive The CEMP was referenced in the preparation of the wildfire Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) hazard profile in Section 4 and in the Capability Assessment in 04/2017 Section 5. Florida Department of Environmental Protection Critically Eroded Beaches Report These two plans were referenced in the preparation of the (2019)and Strategic Beach Management coastal erosion hazard profile in Section 4. Plan: Florida Keys Region The previous strategy was referenced in compiling the Planning Monroe County and Incorporated Area Profile in Section 3,the Hazard Identification and Risk Municipalities Local Mitigation Strategy, 2015 Assessment in Section 4,and in reporting on implementation Update status and developing the Mitigation Action Plans in Section 2 and Section 7, respectively. Florida Enhanced State Hazard Mitigation The Florida State Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP)was used to Plan, 2018 Update assess which hazards should be included or excluded from the 2020 LMS update. 2.3.2 Phase II — Risk Assessment Planning Steps 4 and 5: Identify/Assess the Hazard and Assess the Problem The LMSWG completed a comprehensive effort to identify, document, and profile all hazards that have, or could have, an impact on the planning area. Geographic information systems (GIS) were used to Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS display, analyze, and quantify hazards and vulnerabilities. A draft of the risk and vulnerability assessment was made available on the plan website for the LMSWG, stakeholders, and the public to review and comment. The LMSWG also provided necessary information for the consultants to conduct a capability assessment to review and document the planning area's current capabilities to mitigate risk from and vulnerability to hazards. By collecting information about existing government programs, policies, regulations,ordinances, and emergency plans, the LMSWG could assess those activities and measures already in place that contribute to mitigating some of the risks and vulnerabilities identified. A more detailed description of the risk assessment process and the results are included in Section 4 Risk Assessment. 2.3.3 Phase III — Mitigation Strategy Planning Steps 6 and 7: Set Goals and Review Possible Activities Wood facilitated brainstorming and discussion sessions with the LMSWG that described the purpose and process of setting planning goals and objectives, developing a comprehensive range of mitigation alternatives, and a method of selecting and defending recommended mitigation actions using a series of selection criteria.This information is included in Section 6 Mitigation Strategy. Planning Step 8: Draft an Action Plan A complete first draft of the plan was prepared based on input from the LMSWG regarding the draft risk assessment and the goals and activities identified in Planning Steps 6 and 7. This draft was shared for LMSWG, stakeholder, and public review and comment via the plan website. Comments were received from LMSWG members and stakeholders, primarily regarding information in Section 4, and were integrated into the final draft for FDEM and FEMA Region IV to review and approve, contingent upon final adoption by the County and the participating jurisdictions. 2.3.4 Phase IV— Plan Maintenance Planning Step 9: Adopt the Plan To secure buy-in and officially implement the plan, the plan will be reviewed and adopted by all participating jurisdictions. Resolutions will be provided in Section 9. Planning Step 10: Implement, Evaluate and Revise the Plan Implementation and maintenance of the plan is critical to the overall success of hazard mitigation planning. Up to this point in the planning process,the LMSWG's efforts have been directed at researching data, coordinating input from participating entities, and developing appropriate mitigation actions. Section 8 Plan Maintenance provides an overview of the overall strategy for plan implementation and maintenance and outlines the method and schedule for monitoring, updating, and evaluating the plan. The Section also discusses incorporating the plan into existing planning mechanisms and how to address continued public involvement. 2.4 LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY WORKING GROUP As with the previous plan, this Hazard Mitigation Plan was developed under the guidance of a Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG). The Working Group's representatives included representatives of County and City departments; local, regional and state agencies; citizens, and other stakeholders. To reconvene the planning committee, a letter was sent via email to all County and City LMSWG contacts from the previous planning effort. Communities were asked to identify local stakeholder representatives to participate on the LMSWG alongside the County and City officials in order to improve the integration Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 r SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS of stakeholder input into the plan. Table 2.3 details the LMSWG members and the agencies and jurisdictions they represented. The formal LMSWG meetings followed the 10 CRS Planning Steps. Agendas, minutes, and sign-in sheets for the HMPC meetings are included in Appendix B. The meeting dates and topics discussed are summarized in Section 2.5 Meetings and Workshops.All LMSWG meetings were open to the public. The DMA planning regulations and guidance stress that each local government seeking FEMA approval of their mitigation plan must participate in the planning effort in the following ways: • Participate in the process as part of the LMSWG; • Detail where within the planning area the risk differs from that facing the entire area; • Identify potential mitigation actions; and • Formally adopt the plan. For the Monroe County LMSWG, "participation" meant the following: Attending and participating in the LMSWG meetings; Collecting and providing requested data (as available); Managing administrative details; Making decisions on plan process and content; Identifying mitigation actions for the plan; Reviewing and providing comments on plan drafts; Informing the public, local officials, and other interested parties about the planning process and providing opportunity for them to comment on the plan; Coordinating, and participating in the public input process; and Coordinating the formal adoption of the plan by local governing bodies. Detailed summaries of LMSWG meetings are provided under Meetings and Workshops, including meeting dates, locations, and topics discussed. During the planning process,the LMSWG members communicated through virtual meetings, due to limitations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, email, and telephone conversations. This continued communication ensured that coordination was ongoing throughout the entire planning process despite the fact that not all LMSWG members could be present at every meeting. Additionally, draft documents were distributed via the plan website so that the LMSWG members could easily access and review them and provide comments. Table 2.3— LMSWG Members Jurisdiction Member Name Title/Department/Agency Islamorada Andrew Engelmeyer Director, Department of Public Works Islamorada Terry Abel Fire Chief, Islamorada Fire Rescue Key Colony Beach Christopher Moonis City Administrator, Key Colony Beach Key Colony Beach Kris DiGiovanni Chief of Police, Key Colony Police Department Key Colony Beach Gerard Rouisin Building Official, Building& Planning Department Key West Alison Higgins Sustainability Coordinator, Engineering Department Key West Carolyn Sheldon Senior Grants Administrator,Grant Services/City Manager Key West Elizabeth Ignoffo Contract& Permit Engineer, Utilities Department Key West John Castro Director, Utilities Department Key West Scott Fraser FEMA Coordinator, Building Department Key West Steven McAlearney Director, Engineering Department Layton Mimi Young City Clerk&Administrative Assistant, Building Department Layton Skip Haring Planning Director,Administrative Assistant to Mayor Marathon George Garrett Director, Planning Department Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS Jurisdiction Member Name Title/Department/Agency Marathon John Johnson Fire and Rescue Chief, Marathon Fire Rescue Monroe County Karl Bursa Senior Floodplain Administrator, Building Department Monroe County Judith Clarke Director, Engineering Department Monroe County Sheryl Graham Senior Director,Social Services Monroe County Susan Grant Building Inspector/Plans Examiner, Building Department Monroe County Christine Hurley Assistant County Administrator,County Administration Monroe County Kevin Wilson Assistant County Administrator,County Administration Monroe County Lori Lehr Community Rating Systems Consultant, Planning and Environmental Resources Monroe County Lisa Tennyson Grants Acquisition Director, Legislative Affairs Monroe County Jeff Manning Senior Planner, Emergency Management Monroe County Maria Slavik Risk Management Administrator, Risk Management Monroe County Charles Pattison Executive Director, Monroe County Land Authority Monroe County Helene Weatherington Director, Disaster Recovery Monroe County Kevin Wilson Assistant County Administrator,County Administration Monroe County Mary Wingate Chief of Floodplain Regulatory Operations, Building Department Monroe County Shannon Weiner Director, Emergency Management Monroe County Carol Schreck Executive Assistant,County Commissioner(District 3) External Stakeholders Willie Bouie Region 7 Emergency Management Coordinator, FDEM Susan Magner Director of Construction Management, Baptist Health Key West Caroline Horn Manager, Fair Insurance Rates in Monroe(FIRM) Monroe County Robert Eadie Administrator and Health Officer, Florida Department of Health, Monroe Monroe County Cyna Wright Public Health & Medical Preparedness, Florida Department of Health, Monroe Emilie Oglesby Disaster Recovery External Affairs Director, Florida Department of Economic Opportunity Scott Petrich Wildfire Mitigation Specialist—Everglades District, Florida Department of Agriculture&Consumer Services Key West Jolynn Reynolds Utilities Division, Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority(FKAA) Key West Cheryl Sargent Benefits and Risk manager, FKAA Key West David Ritz Secretary/Treasurer, District 5, FKAA Board of Directors Key West Julie Cheon Directory of Legislative Affairs, FKAA Key West Manuel Castillo,Jr. Safety,Security,&Training Manager, FKAA Key West David Hackworth Principal Engineer, FKAA Monroe County Ray Rhash Rate and Budget Analyst, Florida Keys Electric Cooperative Monroe County Scott Newberry Chief Executive Officer, Florida Keys Electric Cooperative Key West Joe Moody Director, Florida Keys Office, K2M Design Key West Dan Sabino Director of Engineering, KEYS Energy Services Key West Irina Baker Staff Assistant to Finance Department, KEYS Energy Services Key West Diana Flenard Executive Director, Monroe Association for ReMARCable Citizens Monroe County Jeff Barrow Director of Maintenance, Monroe County School District Monroe County Dr. Lesley Thompson Director of Student Services, Monroe County School District Monroe County Patrick Lefere Executive Director of Operations and Planning, Monroe County School District Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS Jurisdiction Member Name Title/Department/Agency Monroe County Director, Monroe County Sherriff's Office Emergency Laura White Communications Division Monroe County Tamara Snider Executive Assistant, Monroe County Sherriffs Office Administration Bureau Jonathan Rizzo Warning Coordination Meteorologist, NOAA/National Weather Service Chris Bergh South Florida Program Manager,The Nature Conservancy Islamorada Barbara Edgar Realtor Jesse Scott Citizen Stakeholder Kristen Livengood Citizen Stakeholder Norman Wortman Citizen Stakeholder Keith Douglass Citizen Stakeholder 2.5 MEETINGS AND WORKSHOPS The preparation of this plan required a series of meetings and workshops for facilitating discussion, gaining consensus, and initiating data collection efforts with local government staff, community officials, and other identified stakeholders. More importantly, the meetings and workshops prompted continuous input and feedback from relevant participants throughout the drafting stages of the plan. Table 2.4 summarizes the key meetings and workshops held by the LMSWG during the development of the plan. In many cases, routine discussions and additional meetings were held by local staff to accomplish planning tasks specific to their department or agency. For example,seeking approval of specific mitigation actions for their department or agency to undertake and include in their Mitigation Action Strategy.These meetings were informal and are not documented here. More details on each meeting, including minutes and attendance sheets for the LMSWG meetings are included in Appendix B.All LMSWG meetings were open to the public; public meetings are summarized in subsection 2.6. Table 2.4—Summary of LMSWG Meetings Meeting Title Meeting Topic Meeting Date Meeting Location 1) Introduction to DMA,CRS,and FMA requirements and the planning process LMSWG Mtg.#1 June 16,2020 Zoom Video —Project Kick-Off 2) Review of LMSWG responsibilities and the 2 p.m. Conference Call project schedule. 3) Discuss local capability 1) Review Draft Hazard Identification & Risk September 2, 2020 Zoom Video LMSWG Mtg.#2 Assessment(HIRA) 2 p.m. Conference Call 2) Review and update plan goals and objectives LMSWG Mtg.#3 1) Report on status of actions from the 2015 plan November 10,2020 Zoom Video 2) Draft Mitigation Action Strategies 1 P.M. Conference Call LMSWG Mtg.#4 1) Review the Draft Hazard Mitigation Plan November 23, 2020 Zoom Video 2) Solicit comments and feedback 3 p.m. Conference Call 2.5.1 Annual LMSWG Meetings The LMSWG meets at least annually as required by state regulations(27P-22, F.A.C)to discuss changes to the LMS, new actions, and status of actions. Table 2.5 summarizes the LMSWG meetings that have occurred since the 2015 LMS Update. Detailed documentation is included in Appendix B. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 it SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS Table 2.5— LMSWG Annual Meetings (2015-2019) Meeting Year Meeting Objective Meeting Date(s) Meeting Location 2015 2015 Update of Local Mitigation Strategy(LMS) January 22,2015 Monroe County— Marathon 2016 2016 Update LMS& Mitigation Funding Sources November 30, 2016 Monroe County— Marathon 2017 2017 LMS Updates, Hazard Mitigation,& Mitigation October 19,2017 Monroe County— Activities Marathon Following Hurricane Irma in 2017, LMSWG made significant efforts to identify appropriate mitigation January 1, 2018; Monroe County— 2018 activities.A revised initiative list was completed in May 29, 2018;and Marathon May 2018 to include projects submitted to the HMGP October 23, 2018 program under Hurricane Irma (FEMA-4337-DR-L) 2019 Beginning 5-year revision process November 25,2019 Monroe County— Marathon INVOLVING2.6 An important component of any mitigation planning process is public participation. Individual citizen and community-based input provides the entire planning team with a greater understanding of local concerns and increases the likelihood of successfully implementing mitigation actions by developing community "buy-in"from those directly affected by the decisions of public officials.As citizens become more involved in decisions that affect their safety, they are more likely to gain a greater appreciation of the hazards present in their community and take the steps necessary to reduce their impact. Public awareness is a key component of any community's overall mitigation strategy aimed at making a home, neighborhood, school, business, or entire planning area safer from the potential effects of hazards. Public involvement in the development of the plan was sought using various methods including open public meetings, an interactive plan website, a public participation survey, and by making copies of draft plan documents available for public review online and at government offices. All public meetings were advertised on the plan website and on local community websites, where possible. Copies of meeting announcements are provided in Appendix B. The public meetings held during the planning process are summarized in Table 2.6. Table 2.6—Summary of Public Meetings Meeting Title Meeting Topic Meeting Date Meeting Location 1) Introduction to DMA,CRS,and FMA Public requirements and the planning process July 7, 2020 Zoom Video Meeting#1 2) Review of HMPC responsibilities and the 5 p.m. Conference Call project schedule. Public 1) Review"Draft" Hazard Mitigation Plan November 23, 2020 Zoom Video Meeting#2 2) Solicit comments and feedback 5 p.m. Conference Call 2.7 OUTREACH EFFORTS The LMSWG agreed to employ a variety of public outreach methods including established public information mechanisms and resources within the community. The table below details public outreach efforts employed during the preparation of this plan. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS Table 2.7—Public Outreach Efforts Location Date Event/Message Plan website Ongoing Meeting announcements, meeting materials, and description of hazards; contact information provided to request additional information and/or provide comments Local community websites June/July 2020 Public Meeting #1 announcements posted with summary of the plan purpose and process Local community websites June 2020 Link to the plan website shared to expand reach Public survey June 2020— Survey hosted online and made available via shareable link October 2020 Plan website- HIRA draft Sept. 2020 Draft HIRA made available for review and comment online Plan website- Draft Plan Nov. 2020 Full draft plan made available for review and comment online Local community websites November Public Meeting #2 announcements posted with request for and social media 2020 comments on the draft plan Mitigation Flyer Ongoing An informational flyer was made available online Public involvement activities for this plan update included press releases, creation of a website for the plan, a public survey, and the collection of public and stakeholder comments on the draft plan. A public outreach survey was made available in June 2020 and remained open for response until October 2020.The public survey requested public input into the local mitigation strategy planning process and the identification of mitigation activities to lessen the risk and impact of future hazard events. The survey is shown in Appendix B. The survey was available online on the plan website. In total, 22 responses were received. The following is a list of high-level summary results derived from survey responses: Responses were received from residents of Key West(13.6%), Layton (59.1%), Marathon (13.6%), unincorporated Monroe County(9.1%), and Islamorada (4.5%). 91% of respondents (20) own their home, which indicates ability of those engaged in the mitigation process to implement mitigation on their own properties. 91% of respondents feel somewhat prepared or very prepared for a hazard event. 9% feel somewhat unprepared; 100%say they are able to evacuate or take shelter if necessary. Over 86%of respondents know where to get more information on hazard risk and preparedness. Outreach successful outreach programs should be continued and expanded to ensure pertinent information continues to reach residents. Hurricane was rated the most significant hazard, followed by climate change and sea level rise, and flooding. Wildfire was rated the least significant hazard, followed by drought and tornado. 13 of the 22 respondents reported taking steps to mitigate risk at home. Multiple respondents reported purchasing an elevated home or elevating their own home.Others reported taking wind- retrofit actions including shutters and wind resistant windows. One resident reported installing a rain catchment system. Multiple residents have evacuation and storm plans in place as well as evacuation and disaster kits. Respondents favored preventative actions, followed closely by property protection and natural resource protection for mitigation; least favored option was emergency services. County or local government social media page and websites, along with email and text messages, were the most preferred methods of communication for information on hazard events. Detailed survey results are provided in Appendix B. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 2: PLANNING PROCESS In addition to representatives of each participating jurisdiction, the LMSWG included a variety of stakeholders, including representatives from the Monroe County School District, Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority, Florida Department of Health (Monroe County), Florida Forest Service, Nature Conservancy, Florida Keys Electric Cooperative, Keys Energy, and the Monroe County Sherriff's Office, among others. Input from additional stakeholders,including neighboring communities,was solicited through direct email invitations to attend the final public meeting and review the draft plan. Stakeholders were also invited to participate in the public survey. However, if any additional stakeholders of other agencies and organizations participated through the public survey,that information is unknown due to the anonymous nature of the survey. 2.9 DOCUMENTATION OF R• Progress on the mitigation strategy developed in the previous LMS and part of Monroe County's annual updates is documented in this plan update. Table 2.8 below details the status of mitigation actions from the previous plan. More detail on these actions is provided in Section 6 Mitigation Strategy. Table 2.8—Status of Previous Mitigation Actions Jurisdiction Completed Deleted Carried Forward Monroe County 3 2 33 Islamorada 1 3 7 Key Colony Beach 1 0 1 Key West 21 11 48 Layton 2 0 1 Marathon 2 5 7 FKAA 1 0 1 FKEC 0 2 6 KEYS Energy 0 0 5 Total 31 23 109 Table 2.9 on the following pages details all completed and deleted actions from the 2015 plan. Community capability continues to improve with the implementation of new plans, policies,and programs that help to promote hazard mitigation at the local level. The current state of local capabilities for the participating jurisdictions is captured in Section 5 Capability Assessment. The participating jurisdictions continue to demonstrate their commitment to hazard mitigation and have proven this by reconvening the LMSWG to update this multi-jurisdictional LMS and by continuing to involve the public in the hazard mitigation planning process. Moving forward, information in this plan will be used to help guide and coordinate mitigation activities and decisions for local plans and policies in the future. Proactive mitigation planning will help reduce the cost of disaster response and recovery to communities and their residents by protecting critical community facilities, reducing liability exposure, and minimizing overall community impacts and disruptions. This plan identifies activities that can be undertaken by both the public and the private sectors to reduce safety hazards, health hazards, and property damage. 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It consists of the following sub-sections: 3.1 Geography and Environment 3.2 Population and Demographics 3.3 Historic Properties 3.4 Housing 3.5 Infrastructure 3.6 Current and Future Land Use ► 3.7 Employment and Industry 3.1 GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENT Monroe County is located at the southernmost tip of the State of Florida. The Florida Keys, which consist of an archipelago that sweeps southwesterly from southeastern Miami-Dade County for almost 150 miles, are located precariously between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The area of Monroe County located on the Florida mainland is bordered by Collier County to the north and Miami-Dade County to the east. A location map is provided in Figure 3.1. The entire mainland portion of Monroe County is within Everglades National Park or Big Cypress National Preserves, with only 14 total residential buildings. The Florida Keys are characterized by long, narrow,and low-lying islands that average four to seven feet above mean sea level. The planning area comprises a total land area of approximately 982.2 square miles of land area. Large areas of submerged lands associated with parks and preserves also fall within Monroe County, bringing the County's total area to approximately 3,738 square miles. The total land area of each participating jurisdiction is listed in Table 3.1. Table 3.1—Total Land Area of Participating Jurisdictions Jurisdiction Total Area (sq.mi.) Monroe County 982.20 City of Key Colony Beach 0.44 City of Key West 5.60 City of Layton 0.16 City of Marathon 8.45 Islamorada Village of Islands 6.45 Source:US Census Bureau,www.data.census.gov Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 r SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Figure 3.1—Monroe County Location Map Broward Collier Miami-Dade i Monroe 'i ♦ dQ .a e Islamorada 5 Marathon 1 Layton _ t 1 Key Colony 1Y -- - - Beach Key West 1 0 7.5 15 22.5 30 Legend +� Miles -- N ti Highways . Monroe County Map Created By:GMS State Roads Date Created:4l2l2020 Counties wood. Sources:L,F OT Manrae County,FL,FDOT Municipalities Source: U.S.Census Bureau Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE According to the Koppen climate classification system, Monroe County has a tropical savannah climate, characterized by consistent high temperatures (at or near sea level) with a pronounced dry season in the winter. The region experiences an average annual high temperature of 82.5°F and an average annual low of 73.1°F. Average annual precipitation is approximately 39.83 inches. Figure 3.2 shows the average monthly precipitation for the Key West weather station, which approximates temperature and precipitation of the County. Figure 3.2—Average Monthly Temperature and Precipitation Monthly Climate Normals(1981-2010)-KEY WEST INTL AIRPORT,FL — Click and drag to zoom to a shorter time interval „e I10 6 - ----- _100 4.8 ----90 C 0 3,6 --------80 R c a m r 2 70 1 2 ----60 J so jar Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Precipitation Normal —Mean Max Temperature Normal —Mean Min Temperature Normal —Mean Avg Temperature Normal PowereIX Cy ACID Source:Northeast RCC CLIMOD 2. As shown in the map of HUC-12 watersheds in Figure 3.3, Monroe County is split between 16 HUC-12 watersheds. Table 3.2 below lists these watersheds with the total area of the County that is included within each. Table 3.2—HUC 12 Basins and Area HUC 12 Basin Name Acreage 030902021300 Everglades National Park 566,465.95 030902021400 Broad River-Taylor Slough Frontal 338,535.20 030902021500 Ponce de Leon Bay—Gulf of Mexico 82,301.87 030902030100 Florida Bay 235,639.15 030902030200 Upper Florida Keys 207,344.02 030902030300 Lower Florida Keys 231,929.13 030902030600 Yacht Channel—Gulf of Mexico 132,165.41 030902030500 Harbor Channel—Gulf of Mexico 249,625.30 030902030400 Hawk Channel—Atlantic Ocean 429,202.93 030902030700 Dry Tortugas 70,616.36 030902040800 Rooker Bay 93,816.60 030902041100 Lopez River—Lostmans River Frontal 133,566.81 030902041000 Big Cypress Swamp 612,437.14 030902041200 Pavilion Key—Gulf of Mexico 229,860.45 030902061609 Everglades National Park Frontal 44,437.67 030902061702 South Biscayne Bay 774.59 Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Figure 3.3—HUC-12 Drainage Basins Lee Hendry Palm Beach It 1 Z � \I � It l / V l I Broward 0309DZ04 200 Collier Paviliont`ey�Gulf \_`A of Mexicoi"� I n / 030902041000 I I\�0309�022040800 _1 gig Cypress f RockerBay �� Swarr,h ! .030902041100 r——————— � V Lopez River-Lostmans 1 I t` Rider Frontal — Miami-Dade 4 \ V ..030902021300 !y 0309D2067702 5 Monroe I South r \ Everglades 030902021500 National Park I Biscayne/Bay Ponce�e Leon t ` 1 030902061609. Bay-c6lfof Mexico Everglades_N_aticnal .rf� f 030902021400 ParkiFron�� /> I\ 'road River-Taylor 03040203020(1`' / I Slough Frontal `Upper f v 0309020301DO (Florid Keys' /x ' , f lorida. 030902030000' � if Yacht Channel-cult 030902030500 of-Mexico Harb.f-fl,viel-GuI Marathon ozf'lelamorada l � f` of:Mexico 0309D20303g0// �� r,,FLayton Lower Honda 030902030700 i Colony IDry Toitugas 030902030400 r—�--~ Beach Hawk Channel Ail, tic I —Ocea6� j °Key West-� 0oor U 0 10 20 30 40 Legend N Miles c`�I HUC 12 r;;J Monroe County Map Created By:LAW Date Created:vn 0020 Municipalities E�, Counties wood. Sources:Es; Monroe Couriy. FL U%S Source: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Wetlands According to data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory, there are approximately 856,455 acres of wetlands in the region. Wetland areas are shown in Figure 3.4. Acreage by wetland type is summarized in Table 3.3. Table 3.3—Acreage by Wetland Type Wetlands Type Acreage Estuarine and Marine Deepwater 217,198 Estuarine and Marine Wetland 446,675 Freshwater Emergent Wetland 111,943 Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland 80,321 Freshwater Pond 214 Lake 99 Riverine 6 Total 856,455 Natural and Beneficial Wetland Functions: The benefits of wetlands are hard to overestimate. They provide critical habitat for many plant and animal species that could not survive in other habitats. They are also critical for water management as they absorb and store vast quantities of storm water, helping reduce floods and recharge aquifers. Not only do wetlands store water like sponges, they also filter and clean water as well, absorbing toxins and other pollutants. Parks, Preserve, and Conservation Monroe County is home to many parks, preserves, beaches, and other natural areas. Mainland Monroe County is home to the western portion of Everglades National Park. There are also 11 state parks: Curry Hammock State Park Fort Zachary Taylor Historic State Park John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park Bahia Honda State Park Long Key State Park Indian Key Historic State Park Dagny Johnson Key Largo Hammock Botanical State Park Florida Keys Overseas Heritage Trail Windley Key Fossil Reef Geological State Park San Pedro Underwater Archaeological Preserve State Park Lignumvitae Key Botanical State Park The Monroe County Facilities Maintenance Department maintains 21 parks and beaches, covering more than 100 acres. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Figure 3.4—Wetland Areas by Type Broward Collier Miami-Dade Monroe i i r o s S�r 9 Islamc rada r Marathon r Layton •�r r. Key Colony # Beach Key West 0 8 16 24 32 Legend N Miles Estuarine and Marine Deepwater Freshwater Pond F3 Municipalities Map created By:GMS Estuarine and Marine Wetland .Lake <3 Monroe County Date created:3/31/2020 Freshwater Emergent Wetland ®Riverine wood. Sources:Esri, Fish Wildlife Counties Service„Monroee Countt y,FL .Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland Other Source:U.S.Fish&Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Threatened and Endangered Species The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service maintains a regular listing of threatened species, endangered species, species of concern,and candidate species for counties across the United States.There are 42 such species in the County. Table 3.4 below lists the species identified as threatened, endangered, or other classification for Monroe County. Table 3.4—Threatened and Endangered Species, Monroe County Group Common Name Scientific Name Federal Status Birds Piping Plover Charadrius melodus Threatened Birds Everglade snail kit Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeaus Endangered Birds Roseate tern Sterna dougallii dougallii Threatened Birds Cape Sable seaside sparrow Ammondramus maritimus mirabilis Endangered Birds Wood stork Mycteria Americana Threatened Birds Red knot Calidris canutus rufa Threatened Birds Cardinal honey-eater Myzomela cardinalis saffordi Resolved Taxon Birds Bachman's warbler Vermivora bachmanii Endangered Flowering Plants Key tree cactus Pilosocereus robinii Endangered Flowering Plants Garber's spurge Chamaesyce garberi Threatened Flowering Plants Sand flax Linum Arenicola Endangered Flowering Plants Florida semaphore Cactus Consolea corallicola Endangered Flowering Plants Wedge spurge Chamaesyce deltoidei serpyllum Endangered Flowering Plants Florida indigo Indigofera mucronata var. keyensis Resolved Taxon Flowering Plants Florida pineland crabgrass Digitaria pauciflora Threatened Flowering Plants Everglades bully Sideroxylon reclinatum ssp. Threatened Flowering Plants Cape Sable Thoroughwort Chromolaena frustrata Endangered Flowering Plants Big Pine partridge pea Chamaecrista lineata keyensis Endangered Flowering Plants Blodgett's silverbush Argythamnia blodgettii Threatened Insects Schaus swallowtail butterfly Heraclides aristodemus ponceanus Endangered Insects Miami Blue Butterfly Cyclargus(=Hemiargus)thomasi Endangered Insects Florida leafwing Butterfly Anaea troglodyta floridalis Endangered Insects Bartram's hairstreak Strymon acis bartrami Endangered Butterfly Mammals Florida bonneted bat Eumops floridanus Endangered Mammals Lower Keys marsh rabbit Sylvilagus palustris hefneri Endangered Mammals Silver rice rat Oryzomys palustris natator Endangered Puma(=Felis)concolor(all subsp. Similarity of Mammals Puma (=mountain lion) Except coryi) Appearance (Threatened) Mammals West Indian Manatee Trichechus manatus Threatened Mammals Key Largo woodrat Neotoma floridana smalli Endangered Mammals Key deer Odocoileus virginianus clavium Endangered Mammals Key Largo cotton mouse Peromyscus gossypinus allapaticola Endangered Mammals Florida panther Puma (=Felis)concolor coryi Endangered Reptile Hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricate Endangered Reptile Eastern indigo snake Drymarchon corais couperi Threatened Reptile Gopher tortoise Gopherus Polyphemus Candidate Reptile Leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea Endangered Reptile Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta Threatened Reptile American crocodile Crocodylus acutus Threatened Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Group Common Name Scientific Name Federal Status Similarity of Reptiles American alligator Alligator mississippiensis Appearance (Threatened) Snails Stock Island tree snail Orthalicus reses(not incl. Threatened nesodryas) Source: U.S.Fish&Wildlife Service(https://www.fws.gov/endangered/) 3.2 POPULATION AND DEM• ' Monroe County has experienced slight population growth since 2010, approximately 4.4 percent, according to data from the U.S.Census Bureau's Decennial Census and American Community Survey(ACS) 5-year estimates. However, the County's population had declined by just over 8 percent in the decade prior (2000-2010). Table 3.5 provides population counts from 2000, 2010, and 2018 for each of the participating counties. Population statistics for participating jurisdictions are included in each jurisdiction's annex. Figure 3.5 on the following page shows 2018 population density by census tract in persons per square mile. Table 3.5—Monroe County Population Counts Jurisdiction 2000 Census 2010 Census 2018 ACS population Total Change %Change Population Population Estimate 2010-2018 2010-2018 City of Key Colony Beach 788 797 569 -228 -28.6% City of Key West 25,478 24,649 25,085 436 1.8% City of Layton 186 184 132* -52 -28.3% City of Marathon 10,255 8,297 8,737 440 5.3% Islamorada Village of Islands 6,846 6,119 6,473 354 5.8% Unincorporated Monroe County 42,882 39,163 35,329 -3,834 -9.8% County Total 79,589 73,090 76,325 3,235 4.4% State of Florida 15,982,378 18,801,310 20,598,139 1,796,829 9.6% Source: US Census Bureau Decennial Census 2000,Decennial Census 2010;American Community Survey 2018 5-Year Estimates *Because of Layton's small size,population estimates are likely to underreport total population;the population of the City was also reported to be186in2019. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Figure 3.5—Population Density, 2018 Broward Collier —_--------------- - —I til Miami-Dade 1 I Monroe a l L / II � _ 6 an .< rn o Islamorada q4 s Marathon Layton Key Colony _ Beach i A Key West # 0 8 16 24 32 Legend N N'll es s 15 People/Sq.Mile .5 9974 PeopleJSq,Mile Map Created By, '--53 Peoplel5q.Mile Municipalities Date Created: 1 ®<183 PeopleJSq,Mile r wood. Sou tees: 1' i r .�,. Monroe County fSu•aai Izlonrc=fani;rp.FI �<_905 People/Sq,Mile _<1251 PeopleJSq,Mile Counties Source: U.S.Census Bureau,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Table 3.6 details demographic and social characteristics of each of the participating counties compared to the State of Florida overall according to the 2018 ACS 5-Year Estimates. Per this data, the Monroe County population is older than the state average. The County has a greater proportion of individuals with high school diplomas and Bachelor's degrees and a lower proportion of individuals with disabilities and who speak English less than very well as compared to the state. Table 3.6-Monroe County Demographic Summary, 2018 Demographic&Social Characteristics Monroe Florida County Median Age 47.3 41.9 %of Population Under 5 years old 4.7 5.4 %of population Over 65 years old 21.3 19.7 %of Population Over 25 with high school diploma 91.3 88.0 %of Population Over 25 with bachelor's degree or higher 33.3 29.2 %with Disability 11.1 13.4 %Speak English less than "very well" 10.2 11.9 Source:US Census Bureau,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates The racial characteristics of the participating jurisdictions, compared to the state average, are presented in Table 3.7. All jurisdictions except for Marathon have a larger White population than the State of Florida. Key West, Marathon, Unincorporated Monroe County,and the County as a whole have a larger proportion of individuals who identify as Hispanic or Latino. Compared to the State of Florida, all jurisdictions have smaller Black populations; Key West has the largest Black population at nearly 13%. Table 3.7-Monroe County Racial Demographics, 2018 Jurisdiction White,% Black,% Asian,% Other Two or More Persons of Hispanic Race,% Races,% or Latino Origin,% City of Key Colony o 0 0 0 0 0 Beach 82.1/ 9.1/ 0.0/ 0.0/ 0.0/ 8.8/City of Key West 61.4% 12.8% 1.9% 0.1% 1.3% 22.6% City of Layton 93.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.8% City of Marathon 52.5% 6.8% 1.0% 0.1% 0.4% 39.2% Islamorada Village of 87 8% 0.5% 0.3% 0.0% 0.7% 10.8% Islands Unincorporated o 0 0 0 0 0 Monroe County 70.1/ 3.2/ 1.1/ 0.7/ 1.2/ 23.7/Monroe County 66.9% 6.6% 1.3% 0.4% 1.1% 23.9% Florida 54.4% 15.4% 2.7% 0.6% 1.8% Source: US Census Bureau,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Note:Racial statistics representthe proportion of individuals that fall in each category alone;i.e.the white population represents the non-Hispanic white population. Figure 3.6 displays social vulnerability information for Monroe County by census tract according to 2018 data and analysis by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).The CDC's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) indicates the relative vulnerability within census tracts based on 15 social factors: poverty, unemployment, income, education, age, disability, household composition, minority status, language, housing type, and transportation access. Higher social vulnerability is an indicator that a community may be limited in its ability to respond to and recover from hazard events.Therefore, using this SVI information can help the Region and jurisdictions to prioritize pre-disaster aid, allocate emergency preparedness and response resources, and plan for the provision of recovery support. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Figure 3.6—Social Vulnerability Index by Census Tract, 2018 Browa ward Collier Miami-Dade r Monroe s ! S�r .ny o � Islamorada o a Marathon r Layton l l � Key Colony J ` Beach 06 o Key West 0 8 16 24 32 Legend N =Miles O 0-0.251 L—L V-1—einiy rl:�]M.nid'.1iLi s Map Created By:GMS 0 0.2501-0.5n T Monroe County Date created:3/3112020 0.SOD t-0.7.5 wood. Sources:Esri,CDC,Monroe Counties County,FL •0.7501-1 I Hlq hest Vulnerability Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR)/Geospatial Research, Analysis,and Services Program(GRASP). As of October 2020, Monroe County had 58 listings on the National Register of Historic Places. Three of the listings are Historic Districts. Listing on the National Register signifies that these structures and districts have been determined to be worthy of preservation for their historical or cultural values. Additionally, four of these properties are also listed as National Historic Landmarks. Table 3.8—National Register of Historic Places Listings in Monroe County Ref# Property Name Listed Date City Dry Tortugas 70000069 Fort Jefferson National Monument 11/10/1970 Islands Everglades 96001179 Cane Patch 11/5/1996 Nat'l Park Everglades 96001183 Rookery Mound 11/5/1996 Nat'l Park Everglades 96001180 Ten Thousand Islands Archeological District 11/5/1996 Nat'l Park 96001182 Bear Lake Mounds Archeological District 11/5/1996 Flamingo 06000979 Mud Lake Canal* 9/20/2006 Flamingo 79000684 Overseas Highway and Railway Bridges 8/13/1979 Florida Keys 11000860 Alligator Reef Light 12/1/2011 Islamorada 06000493 Chaves Shipwreck Site 6/15/2006 Islamorada 95000238 Florida Keys Memorial 3/16/1995 Islamorada 06000495 Herrara Shipwreck Site 6/15/2006 Islamorada 97000404 LaBranche Fishing Camp 5/9/1997 Islamorada 98000652 Lignumvitae Key Archeological and Historical District 2/16/1999 Islamorada 94000794 SAN FELIPE Shipwreck Site 8/11/1994 Islamorada 01000530 SAN PEDRO(shipwreck) 5/31/2001 Islamorada 06000501 Tres Puentes Shipwreck Site 6/15/2006 Islamorada 96000581 USS ALLIGATOR 6/6/1996 Islamorada 91001771 AFRICAN QUEEN 2/18/1992 Key Largo 84000199 Carysfort Lighthouse 10/31/1984 Key Largo 72000340 John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park and Reserve 4/14/1972 Key Largo 04000788 Overseas Highway and Railway Bridges(Boundary Increase) 8/3/2004 Key Largo 75000562 Rock Mound Archeological Site 7/1/1975 Key Largo 02000494 USCG Cutter DUANE 5/16/2002 Key Largo 12000362 African Cemetery at Higgs Beach 6/26/2012 Key West 71000243 Armory,The 3/11/1971 Key West 01000228 Dry Tortugas National Park 10/26/1992 Key West 71000244 Fort Zachary Taylor* 3/11/1971 Key West 73000586 Gato, Eduardo H., House 4/11/1973 Key West 89001428 HA. 19(Japanese Midget Submarine) 6/30/1989 Key West 68000023 Hemingway, Ernest, House* 11/24/1968 Key West 92001879 INGHAM (USCGC)* 4/27/1992 Key West 71000245 Key West Historic District 3/11/1971 Key West 83001430 Key West Historic District(Boundary Increase) 2/24/1983 Key West 74000652 Little White House 2/12/1974 Key West Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Ref# Property Name Listed Date City 72000341 Martello Gallery-Key West Art and Historical Museum 6/19/1972 Key West 73000587 Old Post Office and Customshouse 9/20/1973 Key West 73000588 Porter, Dr.Joseph Y., House 6/4/1973 Key West 73000589 Sand Key Lighthouse 4/11/1973 Key West 06000957 Sloppy Joe's Bar 11/1/2006 Key West 94000633 Thompson Fish House,Turtle Cannery and Kraals 6/23/1994 Key West 73000590 U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, Key West Station 10/15/1973 Key West 84000915 US Naval Station 5/8/1984 Key West Veterans of Foreign Wars Walter R. Mickens Post 6021 and William 12000300 Weech American Legion Post 168 5/30/2012 Key West 76000602 West Martello Tower 6/24/1976 Key West 84000930 WESTERN UNION (schooner) 5/16/1984 Key West 06000492 Angustias Shipwreck Site 6/15/2006 Layton 06000494 El Gallo Indiano Shipwreck Site 6/15/2006 Layton 06000499 San Francisco Shipwreck Site 6/15/2006 Layton 06000500 Sueco de Arizon Shipwreck Site 6/15/2006 Layton Lower Matecumbe 72000342 Indian Key 6/19/1972 Key 92001243 Adderley,George, House 9/10/1992 Marathon 12000092 Sombrero Key Light 3/9/2012 Marathon 90000443 Pigeon Key Historic District 3/16/1990 Pigeon Key 06000496 El Infante Shipwreck Site 6/15/2006 Plantation Plantation 75002123 SAN JOSE Shipwreck Site 3/18/1975 Key Sugarloaf 82002377 Bat Tower-Sugarloaf Key 5/13/1982 Key Summerland 10001189 American Shoal Light 1/25/2011 Key 06000497 El Rubi Shipwreck Site 6/15/2006 Tavernier Source:National Parks Service,National Register of Historic Places,October 2020 *National Historic Landmarks Table 3.9 provides details on housing characteristics in Monroe County according to data from the 2018 ACS 5-Year Estimates and the 2010 Census. Table 3.10 provides further detail for Monroe County. Counts byjurisdiction for these characteristics are in individual jurisdictional annexes. According to the 2014-2018 ACS 5-Year Estimates, there are 52,764 housing units in Monroe County, of which 58 percent are occupied. Compared to the state, occupancy rates are lower across the county and all incorporated jurisdictions. Approximately 40.4% of occupied units are renter-occupied. A high percentage of renters is an indicator of higher pre- and post-disaster vulnerability because, according to Cutter,et al.(2003), renters often do not have the financial resources of homeowners,are more transient, are less likely to have information about or access to recovery aid following a disaster, and are more likely to require temporary shelter following a disaster. The City of Key West has the highest rate of renter- occupied housing, at 59.5 percent. Higher rates of home ownership in some jurisdictions, including Islamorada and unincorporated Monroe County, where owner-occupied housing rates are all above 70 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE percent, may indicate that more residents in these areas are able to implement certain types of mitigation in their homes. The housing growth rate since 2010 has been positive in Islamorada (6.4%), unincorporated Monroe County (4.2%), and Monroe County(4%) as a whole; the former two both surpassing the housing growth rate of Florida. Marathon has experienced the largest decrease in overall housing units at 4.3 percent, followed by Key West (-3.4%), Layton (-1.6%), and Key Colony Beach (-0.7%). Median home value in Monroe County is $468,200, approximately 138 percent higher than the state median; in all incorporated jurisdictions, median home values are greater than that of the State by at least 87% (Layton) and as much as 201% (Islamorada). Of the County's owner-occupied housing units, 48.7 percent have a mortgage. More than 53 percent of householders moved into their current homes since the year 2010, and another 23.8 percent moved in between 2000 and 2009, which could indicate that many residents may be new to the area they live in. Householders of 7.1 percent of occupied housing units have no vehicle available to them-this number is highest in Key West(12.1%);these residents may have difficulty in the event of an evacuation. Nearly 53 percent of housing units in Monroe County are detached single family homes. The next most common housing type is mobile homes, which make up 12.8% of all housing units; mobile homes can be more vulnerable to certain hazards, such as tornadoes and wind storms, especially if they aren't secured with tie downs. Another 7.9%of housing units are in structure with 20 or more units. Most of the County's housing stock, nearly 60 percent, was built in the three decades between 1970 and 1999. Age can indicate the potential vulnerability of a structure to certain hazards. For example, Monroe County first entered the National Flood Insurance Program in 1973. Therefore, based on housing age estimates approximately 27 percent of housing in the County was built before any floodplain development restrictions were required. The Cities of Key Colony Beach, Key West, and Layton all entered the NFIP in 1971, however Marathon and Islamorada did not enter the NFIP until years later; therefore, the actual percent of housing built without floodplain development restrictions may be higher. Table 3.9-Monroe County and Incorporated Jurisdictions, Housing Characteristics, 2018 Housing Housing Housing Units Percent Owner Median Jurisdiction Units Units Percent Change Occupied Occupied Home Value (2010) (2018) (2010-2018) (2018) Units'% (2018) (2018) City of Key Colony 1,431 1,421 -0.7% 24.6% 63.9% $566,800 Beach City of Key West 14,107 13,631 -3.4% 73.5% 40.5% $578,100 City of Layton 184 181 -1.6% 41.4% 64.0% $367,700 City of Marathon 6,187 5,919 -4.3% 60.9% 54.8% $389,300 Islamorada Village of 5,692 6,055 6.4% 47.2% 77.8% $593,100 Islands Unincorporated o 0 0 Monroe County 25,163 26,216 4.2/ 53.7/ 70.6/ Monroe County 52,764 53,423 1.2% 58.0% 59.6% $468,200 Florida 8,989,580 9,348,689 4.0% 81.5% 65.0% $196,800 Source: U.S.Census Bureau 2010 Decennial Census,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Table 3.10-Monroe County Housing Characteristics, 2018 Housing Characteristics Monroe County Florida Average Household Size (Owner-Occupied) 2.31 2.63 Average Household Size(Renter-Occupied) 2.51 2.68 %of Housing Units with no Vehicles Available 7.1% 6.5% Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Housing Characteristics Monroe County Florida %of Housing Units that are mobile homes 12.8% 9.0% Source: U.S.Census Bureau 2010 Decennial Census,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates 3.5.1 Transportation Transportation in Monroe County is unique. U.S. Route 1 (US 1), also known as the Overseas Highway, is the single road that forms the backbone of the transportation network in the Florida Keys and serves as the sole link to the Florida mainland. US 1 runs 126 miles from Florida City, in Miami Dade County,to Key West.The mostly two-lane highway is maintained by the Florida Department of Transportation.Along the route, there are 42 bridges totaling 19 miles. The Overseas Highway is a lifeline for the Keys, serving as both a highway and a "main street;" it drives the local economy by bringing food, materials, and tourists from the mainland. In addition to US 1, Monroe County maintains approximately 450 miles of roads, including 37 bridges. Card Sound Road—a toll road—serves as an alternate to US Highway 1 in some places. Mainland Monroe is primarily government owned parks and preserves and has few roads. The only County maintained road is Loop Road, a 16 mile loop off of US 41 that crosses the Miami Dade and Collier County lines. Key West, Marathon, Key Colony Beach, Islamorada, and Layton are all responsible for the streets within their boundaries that are not maintained by the state or the county. The County has two primary airports. Key West International Airport(EYW) is located within the Key West city limits,two miles east of the main commercial center. EYW is the primary passenger airport in the Keys and served approximately 870,000 passengers in 2018. Florida Keys/Marathon International Airport (MTH)is located within the Marathon city limits directly adjacent to US 1. MTH is a general aviation airport that currently does not have any scheduled passenger flights but does have charter air service. Both airports are self-supporting Enterprise Funds,which operate using money generated by rates and charges levied on airport tenants and users. The Airports Department operates the facilities and provides comprehensive aviation services. Bus service is provided by Greyhound to the Key Largo bus stop, the Marathon airport, and the Key West Bus Station. Key West Transit provides public bus service with five routes in the City of Key West and one route for the Lower Keys Shuttle, traveling between Key West and Marathon. Miami-Dade Transit provides the Dade-Monroe Express between Florida City and Marathon. 3.5.2 Utilities Electric power for the County is provided by the Florida Keys Electric Cooperative (FKEC) from the Upper Keys (Miami-Dade County Line) to Marathon at the Seven Mile Bridge and by Keys Energy Services KEYS) from the Seven Mile Bridge to Key West. The electric transmission lines in the county are above-ground, and transmission poles are located in the water at bridge crossings between keys. FKEC is a member-owned not-for-profit electric utility. The cooperative brings power from the mainland to the Florida Keys to serve approximately 33,000 accounts via a 138,000-volt transmission line. The transmission line is jointly owned by FKEC and KEYS, with FKEC responsible for maintenance in their territory. FKEC purchases nearly 100 percent of its power from Florida Power&Light,although generators in Marathon and two solar arrays also contribute to power supply. FKEC operates 6 substations and maintains over 800-miles of distribution power lines. Keys Energy Services is a municipal owned public utility headquartered in Key West serving more than 35,000 customers. KEYS purchases all of its power through Florida Municipal Power Agency (FMPA) and Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE imports the power from the mainland via the 138,000 volt transmission line. FMPA owns 111 megawatts of generation on Stock Island. The local generation is used to meet peak loads and for emergency backup in the event of loss of the transmission line. KEYS operates 9 substations and maintains over 900 miles of distribution power lines (340 miles three phase equivalent). Water service in the Florida Keys is provided by the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA), an independent state agency with the primary purpose and function to obtain, supply, and distribute an adequate water supple to the Florida Keys. FKAA provides potable water across the County along with reclaimed water and wastewater services in select areas. In total, FKAA delivers approximately 17,000,000 gallons of drinking water per day. The Authority manages the infrastructure to supple water, including a pipeline that originates in Florida City(Miami-Dade County) bringing water from the Biscayne Aquifer.The main pipeline that connects the upper keys is laid underwater; some distribution pipelines, however, are connected to roads and bridges and may be vulnerable to washout. FKAA additionally operates two reverse osmosis emergency water treatment plants to provide an alternate source when water cannot be supplied through the pipeline. FKAA is required to meet or exceed the latest edition of the Florida Building Code when building or renovating its facilities; it also complies with the minimum design standards for flood protection of water and wastewater infrastructure set by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. 3.6 CURRENT AND FUTURE LAND USE Land use in Monroe County is managed by the Monroe County Planning and Environmental Resources Department.The department has four offices: Comprehensive Planning,Current Planning, Environmental Resources,and Marine Resources;floodplain management also falls within this department. Across these offices,the department is responsible for the administration of the County's comprehensive plan and land development regulations, including processing amendments to the plan (comprehensive planning). Additionally, the department reviews development proposals for compliance with the plan, including environmental compliance (current planning). The County's adopted comprehensive plan, most recently updated in 2010 to plan through the year 2030, guides future growth and community development. Future land use planning, comprehensive planning, and administration of land development regulations for all incorporated jurisdictions are managed by various entities within each jurisdiction. More details will be provided on jurisdictional current and future land use in individual jurisdictional annexes. In 1975, the Florida Keys were designated as an Area of Critical State Concern by the Administration Commission and then by the Florida Legislature in 1979. This designation is intended to protect environmental and natural resources of regional and statewide importance, historical archaeological resources, and major public facilities and public investments; these resources include the only coral reef system in North America, and the third largest in the world, and one of the most ecologically diverse ecosystems in the United States. Due to this designation, federal and state involvement in the County's land use planning is extensive. 3.6.1 Rate of Growth Ordinance Growth trends in Monroe County are regulated through the number of residential permits issued. The Monroe County Rate of Growth Ordinance (ROGO) controls the number of dwelling units — both permanent and seasonal—that can be permitted in Monroe County and incorporated municipalities. The ROGO was initially adopted in 1992 as a response to the inability of the road network to accommodate a large-scale hurricane evacuation in a timely fashion. During the initial evacuation study, a series of complex models was developed to determine the number of additional dwelling units that could be permitted without exceeding a 24 hour evacuation from the Keys. As a result, a tool was developed to equitably distribute—geographically and over time—the remaining number of permits available. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Based on the supply of vacant buildable lots, the ROGO distributes a pre-determined number of allocations for new residential permits by ROGO Year-generally from July 131" of one year through July 121" of the next year. To further address concerns of carrying capacity, the County implemented the tier system. This system designates all land outside of mainland Monroe into three general categories for purposes of its land acquisition program and smart growth. Both systems recognize the finite limits of the carrying capacity of both the natural and mand-made systems in the Keys. Their goal is to ensure public safety through the ability to maintain a hurricane evacuation clearance time. Both the ROGO and Tier System exclude the Ocean Reef Club planned development in Key Largo based on the Ocean Reef Club Vested Development rights letter. The three tiers are as follows: Tier I: Natural Areas Tier II: Transitional and Sprawl Reduction Area (on Big Pine Key and No Name Key, only) Tier III: Infill Area; includes a special protection area as a subset (Tier III-A) Under the Rate of Growth Ordinance, the number of permits to be allocated between July 131" 2013 through July 131" 2023 was to not exceed 1,970. These allocations were to be divided yearly and across market rate units, affordable housing units, mobile homes, and institutional residential units. The County required at least 20 percent of yearly allocations to be affordable units. Annual permits were also divided between three subareas: Upper Keys, Lower Keys, and Big Pine Key/No Name Key. On February 10, 2020, the county adopted Ordinance No. 006-2020 amending section 138-24 of the Monroe County Land Development Code. Through this adoption, the County extended the ROGO time period through 2026. In so doing,the number of permits available annually was reduced. Table 3.11 below illustrated the permits to be made available under this new ordinance amendment. Table 3.11-ROGO Annual Permit Allocations Annual Allocations ROGO Year Market Rate Affordable Housing July 13, 2013-July 12, 2014 12 pK/NNK:8 71 U:61, L:57, July 13, 2014-July 12, 2015 12 pK/NNK:8 71 U:61, L:57, July 13, 2015-July 12, 2016 12 pK/NNK:8 71 U:61, L:57, July 13, 2016-July 12, 2017 126 U:61, L:57, BPK/NNK:8 July 13, 2017-July 12, 2018 126 U:61, L:57, BPK/NNK:8 July 13, 2018-July 12, 2019 126 U:61, L:57, BPK/NNK:8 July 13, 2019-July 12, 2020 126 U:61, L:57, BPK/NNK:8 64 497 total Affordable Housing July 13, 2020-July 12, 2021 U:31, L: 29, BPK/NNK:4 Units(Available Immediately) July 13, 2021-July 12, 2022 64 U:31, L: 29, BPK/NNK:4 July 13, 2022-July 12, 2023 64 U:31, L: 29, BPK/NNK:4 July 13, 2023-July 12, 2024 62 U:30, L: 28, BPK/NNK:4 July 13, 2024-July 12, 2025 62 U:30, L: 28, BPK/NNK:4 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Annual Allocations ROGO Year Market Rate Affordable Housing July 13, 2025—July 12, 2026 62 U:30, L: 28, BPK/NNK:4 Total 1,260 710 Source:Monroe County Ordinance 006-2020 U=Upper Keys;L=Lower Keys;BPK/NNK=Big Pine Key/No Name Key As residential and nonresidential development fuel one another, considering nonresidential permitting is also important when maintaining the islands' carrying capacity. The predominant form of nonresidential development in the Keys is commercial, mainly retail trade and services; this includes tourism related development such as marinas and restaurants. Nonresidential development is also controlled to maintain a balance of land uses between residential and commercial.The Nonresidential Rate of Growth Ordinance (NROGO) limits the square footage of new commercial development to 239 square feet per each new residential permit issued. In unincorporated Monroe County, this means a maximum of 47,083 square feet of floor area per NROGO year. This is also to be distributed across the same three subareas as the ROGO permits. 3.7 EMPLOYMENT AND INDUSTRY Monroe County is characterized by a unique economy due to its location and geography.The Keys attract both seasonal residents and short-term visitors with an amenable climate and many recreational opportunities. The economy is dominated by tourism; the service sector, primarily hospitality, is the largest segment of the private sector followed by retail trade.As such an important piece of the economy, the tourism industry supplements the tax base in Monroe County. A major hurricane or other disaster event that keeps visitors away will lead to reduced revenue associated with the Bed Tax, Sales Tax, and Infrastructure Tax. 3.7.1 Wages and Employment Per the 2018 ACS 5-Year Estimates,the median household income for Monroe County was$67,023,which exceeds the state's median household income ($53,267). By jurisdiction, median household income is lower than that of the state only in Layton. In Key Colony Beach and Islamorada, median household income is higher than the state by 70.1 percent and 43.2 percent, respectively. Per capita income is higher across all jurisdictions than that of the state, by at least 21.5 percent (Layton) and as much as 260.7 percent(Key Colony Beach). Compared to the state,a smaller portion of the population is living below the poverty line in the County and all jurisdictions, but more of the population lacks health insurance across the County and in all incorporated jurisdictions except Layton and Islamorada. Table 3.12 shows economic statistics for each jurisdiction compared to the state average and Table 3.13 shows employment statistics for the county compared to the state average. Employment by industry statistics by participating jurisdiction can be found in each jurisdiction's annex. Table 3.12—Monroe County Economic Statistics, 2018 Median per Capita Unemployment %of Individuals %Without Jurisdiction Household o Below Poverty Health Income Income Rate(/) Level Insurance City of Key Colony Beach $90,625 $108,919 0.0% 0.5% 10.4% City of Key West $67,712 $41,773 2.6% 12% 18.5% City of Layton $48,750 $36,696 0.0% 0% 8.3% City of Marathon $53,866 $37,568 3.1% 14.3% 22.5% Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 3: PLANNING AREA PROFILE Median %of Individuals %Without Jurisdiction Household Per Capita Unemployment Below Poverty Health Income Income Rate(/) Level Insurance Islamorada Village of o 0 0 Islands $76,289 $58,419 2.0/ 6.8/ 9.8/Unincorporated Monroe o 0 County -- -- 3.2/ -- 17.7 Monroe County $67,023 $43,477 2.9% 11.8% 17.8% Florida $53,267 $30,197 6.3% 14.8% 13.5% Source: U.S.Census Bureau,2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Table 3.13-Monroe County Employment by Industry, 2018 Industry Monroe Florida County Agriculture,forestry,fishing and hunting,and mining 1.9% 1.0% Construction 7.8% 7.3% Manufacturing 2.4% 5.1% Wholesale trade 2.0% 2 7% Retail trade 11.7% 12.9% Transportation and warehousing,and utilities 6.0% 5.4% Information 1.2% 1.9% Finance and insurance,and real estate and rental and leasing 7.1% 7 7% Professional,scientific,and management,and administrative and waste management services 9.9% 13.1% Educational services,and health care and social assistance 14.5% 21.0% Arts,entertainment,and recreation,and accommodation and food services 23.9% 12.2% Other services,except public administration 4.8% 5.3% Public administration 6.9% 4.3% Source: U.S.Census Bureau,2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates The largest industry sector in the County in 2018 was "arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services," comprising 23.9 percent of employment across the County. This is followed closely by"educational services, and health care and social assistance,"comprising 14.5 percent of total employment. Compared to the state as a whole, the arts, entertainment, accommodations, and food services industry makes up a much larger percentage of employment in Monroe County. Table 3.14 summarizes the major employers in each county in Monroe County from Florida TaxWatch as of the April 2020. Table 3.14-Major Public Employers, Monroe County Employer Sector Employees Monroe County Public School District County 1,608 Monroe County Board of Commissioners County 572 Monroe County Sherriff Office County 538 City of Key West Municipal 513 United States Military Federal 424 Source:TaxWatch Florida Per TaxWatch, 5 of the 10 largest employers in Monroe County are public entities. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 4 Hazard Requirement §201.6(c)(2): [The plan shall include] A risk assessment that provides the factual basis for activities proposed in the strategy to reduce losses from identified hazards. Local risk assessments must provide sufficient information to enable the jurisdiction to identify and prioritize appropriate mitigation actions to reduce losses from identified hazards. Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i): [The risk assessment shall include a] description of the type...of all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction. Requirement§201.6(c)(2)(i):[The risk assessment shall include a]description of the...location and extent of all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction. The plan shall include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events. 44 CFR Subsection D §201.6(c)(2)(ii): [The risk assessment shall include a] description of the jurisdiction's vulnerability to the hazards described in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section. This description shall include an overall summary of each hazard and its impact on the community. Plans approved after October 1,2008 must also address NFIP insured structures that have been repetitively damaged by floods. The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of: A) The types and numbers of existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities located in the identified hazard areas; (B):An estimate of the potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures identified in paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(A) of this section and a description of the methodology used to prepare the estimate; and (C): Providing a general description of land uses and development trends within the community so that mitigation options can be considered in future land use decisions. 4.1 OVERVIEW This section describes the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment process for the development of the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. It describes how the County met the following requirements from the 10-step planning process: Planning Step 4: Assess the Hazard Planning Step 5: Assess the Problem As defined by FEMA, risk is a combination of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure. "It is the impact that a hazard would have on people, services, facilities, and structures in a community and refers to the likelihood of a hazard event resulting in an adverse condition that causes injury or damage." This hazard risk assessment covers all of Monroe County, including the unincorporated County and all incorporated jurisdictions participating in this plan. The risk assessment process identifies and profiles relevant hazards and assesses the exposure of lives, property, and infrastructure to these hazards. The process allows for a better understanding of the potential risk to natural and technological hazards in the county and provides a framework for developing and prioritizing mitigation actions to reduce risk from future hazard events. This risk assessment followed the methodology described in the FEMA publication Understanding Your Risks—Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses (FEMA 386-2, 2002), which breaks the assessment down to a four-step process: Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Hazards Hazard Events Assets Data collected through this process has been incorporated into the following sections of this plan: Section 4.2: Hazard Identification identifies the natural and human-caused hazards that threaten the planning area. Section 4.3: Risk Assessment Methodology and Assumptions Section 4.4: Asset Inventory details the population, buildings, and critical facilities at risk within the planning area. Section 4.5: Hazard Profiles,Analysis, and Vulnerability discusses the threat to the planning area, describes previous occurrences of hazard events and the likelihood of future occurrences, and assesses the planning area's exposure to each hazard profiled; considering assets at risk, critical facilities, and future development trends. Section 4.6: Conclusions on Hazard Risk summarizes the results of the Priority Risk Index and defines each hazard as a Low, Moderate, or High-Risk hazard. 4.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION To identify hazards relevant to the planning area, the LMS working group began with a review of the list of hazards identified in the 2018 State Hazard Mitigation Plan and the 2015 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy(LMS) as summarized in Table 4.1.The LMS working group used these lists to identify a full range of hazards for potential inclusion in this plan update and to ensure consistency across these planning efforts. All hazards listed below were evaluated for inclusion in this plan update. Table 4.1—Full Range of Hazards Evaluated Hazard Included in 2018 Included in 2015 State HMP? Monroe County LMS? Tropical Cyclones Yes Yes Flood Yes Yes Severe Storms and Tornadoes(including Water Spouts) Yes Yes Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Yes Yes Drought Yes Yes Wildfire Yes Yes Coastal Erosion Yes Yes Extreme Heat Yes No Radiological Incident Yes No Cyber Attack Yes No The LMS working group evaluated the above list of hazards using existing hazard data, past disaster declarations, local knowledge, and information from the 2018 State Plan and the 2015 Monroe County Plan to determine the significance of these hazards to the planning area. Significance was measured in general terms and focused on key criteria such as frequency and resulting damage,which includes deaths and injuries, as well as property and economic damage. One key resource in this effort was the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI), which has been tracking various types of severe weather since 1950. Their Storm Events Database contains an archive by county of destructive storm or Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 , r SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT weather data and information which includes local, intense and damaging events. NCEI receives storm data from the National Weather Service (NWS), which compiles their information from a variety of sources, including but not limited to:county,state and federal emergency management officials; local law enforcement officials; SkyWarn spotters; NWS damage surveys; newspaper clipping services; the insurance industry and the general public, among others. The NCEI database contains 299 records of severe weather events that occurred in Monroe County in the 20-year period from 2000 through 2019. Table 4.2 summarizes these events. Table 4.2—NCEI Severe Weather Reports for Monroe County, 2000—2019 Type #of Events Property Damage Crop Damage Deaths Injuries Coastal Flood 10 $0 $0 0 0 Dense Fog 0 $0 $0 0 0 Drought 9 $0 $0 0 0 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill 0 $0 $0 0 0 Flash Flood 0 $0 $0 0 0 Flood 16 $26,000 $0 0 0 Frost/Freeze 0 $0 $0 0 0 Funnel Cloud 9 $0 $0 0 0 Hail 7 $250 $0 0 0 Heavy Rain 11 $0 $0 0 0 High Wind 3 $2,000 $0 0 0 Hurricane(Typhoon) 9 $47,235,000 $0 1 2 Lightning 11 $71,000 $0 0 4 Rip Current 0 $0 $0 0 0 Storm Surge/Tide 17 $2,301,000 $0 1 1 Thunderstorm Wind 42 $144,150 $0 0 0 Tornado 24 $5,258,000 $0 0 0 Tropical Storm 9 $18,564,700 $0 2 2 Waterspout 122 $0 $0 0 0 Wildfire 0 $0 $0 0 0 Total: 299 $73,602,100 $0 4 9 Source: National Center for Environmental Information Storm Events Database,September 2019 Note: Losses reflect totals for all impacted areas for each event;Hurricane and Tropical Storm events are reported by zone,events for the same storm were combined for the counts above. The LMS working group also researched past events that resulted in a federal and/or state emergency or disaster declaration for Monroe County in order to identify significant hazards. Federal and/or state disaster declarations may be granted when the Governor certifies that the combined local, county and state resources are insufficient, and that the situation is beyond their recovery capabilities. When the local government's capacity has been surpassed, a state disaster declaration may be issued, allowing for the provision of state assistance. If the disaster is so severe that both the local and state government capacities are exceeded, a federal emergency or disaster declaration may be issued allowing for the provision of federal assistance. Records of designated counties for FEMA major disaster declarations start in 1964. Since then, Florida has been designated in 71 major disaster declarations, and Monroe County, has been designated in 23 major disaster declarations, as detailed in Table 4.3, and 11 emergency declarations, as detailed in Table 4.4. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 aim SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Table 4.3— FEMA Major Disaster Declarations, Monroe County Individual Total Individual Disaster Assistance and Households Total Public # Dec. Date Incident Type Event Title applications Program Dollars Assistance Grant A Dollars Obligated Approved Approved 4486 3/25/2020 Biological COVID-19 Pandemic -- $784,830.59* 4337 9/10/2017 Hurricane Hurricane Irma 774,691 $1,020,968,233.16 $1,825,881,275.84 4084 10/18/2012 Hurricane Hurricane Isaac -- -- $22,292,837.45 1785 8/24/2008 Tropical Storm Tropical Storm Fay 5,383 $19,216,129.55 $98,200,979.98 1609 10/24/2005 Hurricane Hurricane Wilma 227,320 $342,239,388.43 $1,491,325,871.49 1602 8/28/2005 Hurricane Hurricane Katrina -- -- $188,865,729.15 1595 7/10/2005 Hurricane Hurricane Dennis 21,150 $21,564,056.01 $197,902,127.28 1551 9/16/2004 Hurricane Hurricane Ivan 79,390 $164,517,307.53 $695,021,414.57 1545 9/4/2004 Hurricane Hurricane Frances 229,577 $411,815,685.98 $682,789,667.24 Severe Hurricane Charley 1539 8/13/2004 Storm(s) and Tropical Storm 116,769 $208,970,753.97 $611,396,718.48 Bonnie 1359 2/5/2001 Freeze Severe freeze -- 1345 10/4/2000 Severe Heavy rains and $288,481,152.48 Storm(s) flooding 1306 10/20/1999 Hurricane Hurricane Irene $106,261,560.28 1259 11/6/1998 Severe Tropical Storm Mitch $3,099,238.12 Storm(s) 1249 9/28/1998 Hurricane Hurricane Georges $112,018,620.58 1223 6/18/1998 Fire Extreme Fire Hazard Severe Storms, high 1204 2/12/1998 Severe Winds,Tornadoes, Storm(s) and Flooding Severe Tornadoes,flooding, 982 3/13/1993 Storm(s) high winds,tides, freezing 955 8/24/1992 Hurricane Hurricane Andrew 851 1/15/1990 Freeze Severe freeze 526 1/31/1977 Severe Severe winter Storm(s) weather 337 6/23/1972 Coastal Storm Tropical Storm Agnes 209 9/14/1965 Hurricane Hurricane Betsy Source: FEMA Disaster Declarations Summary,June 2020 Note:Number of applications approved,and all dollar values represent totals for all counties included in disaster declaration. *At time of Plan Table 4.4—FEMA Emergency Declarations, Monroe County Disaster# Dec. Date Incident Type Event Title/Description 3533 08/01/2020 Hurricane Tropical Storm Isaias 3432 3/13/2020 Biological COVID-19 Pandemic 3419 8/31/2019 Hurricane Hurricane Dorian 3385 9/5/2017 Hurricane Hurricane Irma 3377 10/6/2016 Hurricane Hurricane Matthew 3293 9/7/2008 Hurricane Hurricane Ike 3288 8/21/2008 Tropical Storm Tropical Storm Fay 3259 9/20/2005 Tropical Storm Tropical Storm Rita 3220 9/5/2005 Hurricane Hurricane Katrina Evacuation Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Disaster# Dec. Date Incident Type Event Title/Description 3150 10/15/1999 Hurricane Hurricane Irene 3139 4/27/1999 Fire Fire Hazard 3131 09/24/1998 Hurricane Hurricane Georges 3079 5/6/1980 Human Caused Undocumented Aliens Source:FEMA Disaster Declarations Summary,June 2020 Monroe County also declared Local States of Emergency for Tropical Storm Laura (August 22, 2020) and Tropical Storm Eta (November 6, 2020). Using the above information and additional discussion, the LMS working group evaluated each hazard's significance to the planning area in order to decide which hazards to include in this plan update. Some hazard titles have been updated either to better encompass the full scope of a hazard or to assess closely related hazards together. Table 4.5 summaries the determination made for each hazard. Table 4.5—Hazard Evaluation Results Hazard Included in this Explanation for Decision LMS update? Natural Hazards The 2015 Monroe County plan and 2018 State plan addressed this Flood Yes hazard.As a coastal county,over 99 percent of the county is within the 100-year-floodplain,and the county is also vulnerable to localized and stormwater flooding. Both the 2015 Monroe County plan and the 2018 State plan addressed Tropical Cyclones Yes Tropical Cyclones. Since 1965,the county has received 15 Major Disaster declarations from FEMA for Hurricanes/Tropical storms. Severe Storms The 2015 Monroe County plan profiled these hazards together.The and Tornadoes Yes County experienced 66 thunderstorm and tornado events causing over $5m in damages. The 2015 Monroe County plan as well as the 2018 State plan addressed Wildfire Yes this hazard. Although NCEI reports no wildfires in Monroe County,the State plan reports parts of mainland Monroe have moderate to high burn probability. The 2015 Monroe County LMS and the 2018 State Plan addressed this Coastal Erosion Yes hazard.The 2019 State Critically Eroded Beaches Report identified 14 critically eroded beaches in the middle and lower keys totally 13.7. miles. Drought as included in both the 2015 Monroe County LMS and the Drought Yes 2018 State Plan.Although NCEI only reports 9 instances of drought in the county,the LMS working group decided to include it in this plan update. Sea Level Rise and Climate Change were addressed in the 2015 Monroe Sea Level Rise and County LMS as well as the 2018 State plan. NOAA's Sea Level Rise Climate Change Yes Viewer shows the County will experience impacts from even just one foot of sea level rise. Extreme Heat Yes The 2015 Monroe County plan did not address this hazard,however the LMS working group decided to include it in this plan update. This hazard was not included in the 2015 Monroe County LMS. Sink Holes No According the 2018 State HMP, Monroe County has a low susceptibility to sinkholes,therefore the LMSWG chose to not include sinkholes in this plan update. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Hazard Included in this Explanation for Decision LMS update? Winter storms and freezes were not included in the 2015 LMS. Winter Storms No Although there have been some instances of low wind chill in the Keys, and Freeze the LMSWG noted that the Keys are generally not at risk to winter weather. Earthquake was not included as a hazard in the 2015 Monroe County LMS. Earthquakes are very rare in the State,the peak ground Earthquake No acceleration (PGA)with a 10%probability of exceedance in 50 years is 0%gravity—the lowest potential for seismic ground shaking.As FEMA recommends earthquakes only be evaluated in areas with PGA of 3%or more,this hazard was excluded from the plan update. While there is some tsunami risk for low-elevation (less than 15 feet Tsunami No above mean high tide),they are extremely rare in the Florida Keys.The state HMP concludes the probability of future tsunamis is low. Dam and Levee The 2018 State Plan reported there were no high or significant hazard Failure No dams in Monroe County. Technological Hazards This hazard was not included in the 2015 LMS. However, because of Radiological Yes the County's proximity to the Turkey point Nuclear Generating Station, Incident the LMSWG decided to include it in this update. Although this hazard was not included in the 2015 LMS,the LMSWG Cyber Attacks Yes determined that because of recent events, it should be included in this update. 4.3 RISK ASSESSMENT METWOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires that the LMS working group evaluate the risks associated with each of the hazards identified in the planning process. Each hazard was evaluated to determine its probability of future occurrence and potential impact.A vulnerability assessment was conducted for each hazard using either quantitative or qualitative methods depending on the available data,to determine its potential to cause significant human and/or monetary losses.A consequence analysis was also completed for each hazard. Each hazard is profiled in the following format: Hazard Description This section provides a description of the hazard, including discussion of its speed of onset and duration, as well as any secondary effects followed by details specific to the Monroe County planning area. Location This section includes information on the hazard's physical extent, with mapped boundaries where applicable. Extent This section includes information on the hazard extent in terms of magnitude and describes how the severity of the hazard can be measured. Where available, the most severe event on record is used as a frame of reference. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Historical Occurrences This section contains information on historical events, including the location and consequences of known past events on record within or near the Monroe County planning area. Probability of Future Occurrence This section gauges the likelihood of future occurrences based on past events and existing data. The frequency is determined by dividing the number of events observed by the number of years on record and multiplying by 100. This provides the percent chance of the event happening in any given year according to historical occurrence (e.g. 10 winter storm events over a 30-year period equates to a 33 percent chance of experiencing a severe winter storm in any given year). The likelihood of future occurrences is categorized into one of the classifications as follows: Highly Likely—Near or more than 100 percent chance of occurrence within the next year Likely — Between 10 and 100 percent chance of occurrence within the next year (recurrence interval of 10 years or less) Possible — Between 1 and 10 percent chance of occurrence within the next year (recurrence interval of 11 to 100 years) Unlikely—Less than 1 percent chance or occurrence within the next 100 years(recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years) Climate Change Where applicable, this section discusses how climate change may or may not influence the risk posed by the hazard on the planning area in the future. Vulnerability Assessment This section quantifies, to the extent feasible using best available data, assets at risk to natural hazards and potential loss estimates. People, properties and critical facilities, and environmental assets that are vulnerable to the hazard are identified. Future development is also discussed in this section, including how exposure to the hazard may change in the future or how development may affect hazard risk. The vulnerability assessments followed the methodology described in the FEMA publication Understanding Your Risks—Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses (August 2001). The vulnerability assessment first describes the total vulnerability and values at risk and then discusses vulnerability by hazard. Data used to support this assessment included the following: Geographic Information System (GIS) datasets, including building footprints, topography, aerial photography, and transportation layers; Hazard layer GIS datasets from state and federal agencies; Written descriptions of inventory and risks provided by the 2018 Florida Enhanced State Hazard Mitigation Plan; Written descriptions of inventory and risks provided by the 2015 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy and other relevant documents including the 2019 Critically Eroded Beaches Report and the Regional Climate Action Plan; Exposure and vulnerability estimates derived using local parcel and building data; and Crop insurance claims by cause from USDA's Risk Management Agency. Two distinct risk assessment methodologies were used in the formation of the vulnerability assessment. The first consists of a quantitative analysis that relies upon best available data and technology, while the second approach consists of a qualitative analysis that relies on local knowledge and rational decision Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT making. The quantitative analysis involved the use of FEMA's Hazus-MH, a nationally applicable standardized set of models for estimating potential losses from earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes. Hazus uses a statistical approach and mathematical modeling of risk to predict a hazard's frequency of occurrence and estimated impacts based on recorded or historic damage information. The Hazus risk assessment methodology is parametric, in that distinct hazard and inventory parameters—such as wind speed and building type—were modeled using the Hazus software to determine the impact on the built environment. Monroe County's GIS-based risk assessment was completed using data collected from local, regional and national sources that included Monroe County, Florida DEM, and FEMA. Vulnerability can be quantified in those instances where there is a known, identified hazard area, such as a mapped floodplain. In these instances, the numbers and types of buildings subject to the identified hazard can be counted and their values tabulated. Other information can be collected regarding the hazard area,such as the location of critical facilities, historic structures,and valued natural resources(e.g., an identified wetland or endangered species habitat). Together,this information conveys the vulnerability of that area to that hazard. Priority Risk Index The conclusions drawn from the hazard profiling and vulnerability assessment process can be used to prioritize all potential hazards to the Monroe County planning area. The Priority Risk Index (PRI) was applied for this purpose because it provides a standardized numerical value so that hazards can be compared against one another (the higher the PRI value, the greater the hazard risk). PRI values are obtained by assigning varying degrees of risk to five categories for each hazard(probability, impact,spatial extent, warning time, and duration). Each degree of risk was assigned a value (1 to 4) and a weighting factor as summarized in Table 4.6. PRI ratings by category for the planning area as a whole are provided throughout each hazard profile. Ratings specific to each jurisdiction are provided at the end of each hazard profile. The results of the risk assessment and overall PRI scoring are provided in Section 4.6 Conclusions on Hazard Risk. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Table 4.6—Priority Risk Index CATEGORYRISK ASSESSMENT LEVEL DEGREE • UNLIKELY LESS THAN 1%ANNUAL PROBABILITY 1 PROBABILITY What is the likelihood of POSSIBLE BETWEEN 1&10%ANNUAL PROBABILITY 2 30% LIKELY BETWEEN 10&100/ANNUAL a hazard event occurring o PROBABILITY 3 in a given year? HIGHLY LIKELY 100%ANNUAL PROBABILTY 4 VERY FEW INJURIES,IF ANY.ONLY MINOR PROPERTY MINOR DAMAGE&MINIMAL DISRUPTION ON QUALITY OF LIFE. 1 TEMPORARY SHUTDOWN OF CRITICAL FACILITIES. IMPACT MINOR INJURIES ONLY.MORE THAN 10%OF PROPERTY IN In terms of injuries, LIMITED AFFECTED AREA DAMAGED OR DESTROYED.COMPLETE 2 damage,or death,would SHUTDOWN OF CRITICAL FACILITIES FOR>1 DAY you anticipate impacts to be minor,limited, MULTIPLE DEATHS/INJURIES POSSIBLE. 30% critical,or catastrophic MORE THAN 25%OF PROPERTY IN AFFECTED AREA when a significant CRITICAL DAMAGED OR DESTROYED.COMPLETE SHUTDOWN OF 3 hazard event occurs? CRITICAL FACILITIES FOR>1 WEEK. HIGH NUMBER OF DEATHS/INJURIES POSSIBLE.MORE CATASTROPHIC THAN 50%OF PROPERTY IN AFFECTED AREA DAMAGED OR 4 DESTROYED.COMPLETE SHUTDOWN OF CRITICAL FACILITIES>30 DAYS. SPATIAL EXTENT NEGLIGIBLE LESS THAN 1%OF AREA AFFECTED 1 How large of an area SMALL BETWEEN 1&10%OF AREA AFFECTED 2 could be impacted by a o 20/ hazard event? Are MODERATE BETWEEN 10&50%OF AREA AFFECTED 3 impacts localized or regional? LARGE BETWEEN 50&100%OF AREA AFFECTED 4 MORE THAN 24 HRS SELF DEFINED 1 WARNING TIME Is there usually some 12 TO 24 HRS SELF DEFINED 2 lead time associated 10% with the hazard event? 6 TO 12 HRS SELF DEFINED 3 Have warning measures been implemented? LESS THAN 6 HRS SELF DEFINED 4 LESS THAN 6 HRS SELF DEFINED 1 DURATION LESS THAN 24 HRS SELF DEFINED 2 How long does the o hazard event usually 10/LESS THAN 1 WEEK SELF DEFINED 3 last? MORE THAN 1 WEEK SELF DEFINED 4 The sum of all five risk assessment categories equals the final PRI value, demonstrated in the equation below(the highest possible PRI value is 4.0). PRI=[(PROBABILITY x.30)+(IMPACT x.30)+(SPATIAL EXTENT x.20)+(WARNING TIME x.10)+(DURATION x.10)] The purpose of the PRI is to categorize and prioritize all potential hazards for the Monroe County planning area as high, moderate, or low risk.The summary hazard classifications generated using the PRI allows for the prioritization of those high and moderate hazard risks for mitigation planning purposes. Mitigation actions are not necessarily developed for hazards identified as low risk through this process. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT An inventory of assets within Monroe County was compiled to identify those structures potentially at risk to the identified hazards and assess the level of vulnerability. Assets include elements such as buildings, property, business/industry goods, and civil infrastructure. Building footprint, foundation type, and building value data were provided by Monroe County. By identifying the type and number of assets that exist and where they are in relation to known hazard areas, the relative risk and vulnerability for such assets can be assessed. 4.4.1 Building Exposure The properties identified to be at risk include all improved properties in Monroe County and its incorporated jurisdictions according to parcel and building footprint data provided by Monroe County. The information is provided in Table 4.7. Table 4.7—Monroe County Building Exposure by Jurisdiction and Occupancy Occupancy Estimated Structure Value Estimated Content Total Value Parcel Count Value Islamorada 4,847 $1,712,402,813 $931,139,584 $2,643,542,397 Commercial 152 $64,347,527 $64,347,527 $128,695,054 Education 5 $49,660,768 $49,660,768 $99,321,536 Government 9 $16,637,071 $16,637,071 $33,274,142 Industrial 13 $5,115,267 $7,672,901 $12,788,168 Religious 9 $9,000,455 $9,000,455 $18,000,910 Residential 4,659 $1,567,641,725 $783,820,863 $2,351,462,588 Key Colony Beach 1,372 $422,088,929 $213,951,229 $636,040,158 Commercial 5 $3,729,133 $3,729,133 $7,458,266 Education 0 $0 $0 $0 Government 4 $2,084,395 $2,084,395 $4,168,790 Industrial 0 $0 $0 $0 Religious 0 $0 $0 $0 Residential 1,363 $416,275,401 $208,137,701 $624,413,102 Key West 7,233 $3,559,316,371 $2,084,710,853 $5,644,027,224 Commercial 491 $280,732,579 $282,682,192 $563,414,771 Education 14 $84,668,594 $84,668,594 $169,337,188 Government 63 $214,444,724 $214,444,724 $428,889,448 Industrial 4 $5,532,401 $8,298,602 $13,831,003 Religious 22 $15,295,410 $15,295,410 $30,590,820 Residential 6,639 $2,958,642,663 $1,479,321,332 $4,437,963,995 Layton 153 $36,107,136 $19,623,111 $55,730,247 Commercial 4 $1,249,538 $1,249,538 $2,499,076 Education 0 $0 $0 $0 Government 4 $1,491,996 $1,491,996 $2,983,992 Industrial 0 $0 $0 $0 Religious 2 $397,551 $397,551 $795,102 Residential 143 $32,968,051 $16,484,026 $49,452,077 Marathon 5,477 $1,570,098,686 $933,482,095 $2,503,580,781 Commercial 514 $147,882,732 $147,882,732 $295,765,464 Education 14 $51,635,976 $51,635,976 $103,271,952 Government 38 $64,209,697 $64,209,697 $128,419,394 Industrial 43 $10,727,374 $16,091,061 $26,818,435 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Occupancy Estimated Structure Value Estimated Content Total Value Parcel Count Value Religious 22 $11,682,350 $11,682,350 $23,364,700 Residential 4,846 $1,283,960,557 $641,980,279 $1,925,940,836 Unincorporated 22,097 $6,662,285,676 $3,597,445,125 $10,259,730,801 Monroe County Commercial 1,299 $313,260,751 $313,260,751 $626,521,502 Education 17 $71,603,071 $71,603,071 $143,206,142 Government 124 $46,430,301 $46,430,301 $92,860,602 Industrial 92 $41,135,484 $61,703,226 $102,838,710 Religious 25 $19,039,483 $19,039,483 $38,078,966 Residential 20,540 $6,170,816,586 $3,085,408,293 $9,256,224,879 Countywide Totals 41,179 $13,962,299,611.00 $7,780,351,995.00 $21,742,651,606.00 Commercial 2,465 $811,202,260.00 $813,151,872.50 $1,624,354,132.50 Education 50 $257,568,409.00 $257,568,409.00 $515,136,818.00 Government 242 $345,298,184.00 $345,298,184.00 $690,596,368.00 Industrial 152 $62,510,526.00 $93,765,789.00 $156,276,315.00 Religious 80 $55,415,249.00 $55,415,249.00 $110,830,498.00 Residential 38,190 $12,430,304,983.00 $6,215,152,491.50 $18,645,457,474.50 Source:Monroe County parcel data,2020 Note: In this exposure table, utilities are included in the Government category. However, parcels without a building cost were excluded— therefore,parcels with small utilities may not be included in the above count). Note: Content value estimations are generally based on the FEMA Hazus methodology of estimating value as a percent of improved structure values by property type. The residential property type assumes a content replacement value equal to 50% of the building value. Agricultural and commercial property types assume a content replacement value equal to 100% of the building value. The industrial property type assumes a content replacement value equal to 150% of the building value. 4.4.2 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure Exposure Of significant concern with respect to any disaster event is the location of critical facilities and infrastructure in the planning area. Critical facilities are often defined as those essential services and lifelines that, if damaged during an emergency event, would result in severe consequences to public health,safety,and welfare.Critical facility information is regularly updated by the County.Critical facilities and infrastructure in Monroe County are listed by type in Table 4.8. A detailed list of critical facilities is provided in each jurisdictional annex. These facilities were identified and verified by the LMS working group. Table 4.8—Critical Facilities and Infrastructure in Monroe County c EA O a O v T y c T c E d d 2' CL c« v O n « fC Jurisdiction Q U W W W it (7 2 2 c 0. (% Unincorporated 2 6 36 6 25 8 5 2 1 2 2 2 2 7 106 Monroe County City of Key Colony 1 1 Beach City of Key West 1 15 7 2 8 2 2 1 4 3 6 1 5 56 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT c EA o a O c c E T _ i E N N (2a) > to of —c s to to +' Jurisdiction Q U W W W U- City of Layton 1 1 2 City of Marathon 1 9 1 1 3 10 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 35 Village of Islamorada - 6 - 7 1 1 - - 1 - - - 1 17 Countywide Total 4 6 67 7 12 15 24 5 4 8 7 9 4 17 217 Source:Monroe County Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 4.5.1 Flood Hazard Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration ScRI ore Flood Highly Likely Critical Large 6 to 12 hours Less than 1 week 3.5 Hazard Description Flooding is defined by the rising and overflowing of water onto normally dry land. As defined by FEMA, a flood is a general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of two or more acres of normally dry land area or of two or more properties. Flooding can result from an overflow of inland waters or an unusual accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. Flooding is the most frequent and costly of all natural hazards in the United States and has caused more than 10,000 deaths since 1900. Approximately 90 percent of presidentially declared disasters result from flood-related natural hazard events. Taken as a whole, more frequent, localized flooding problems that do not meet federal disaster declaration thresholds ultimately cause most damages across the United States. Sources and Types of Flooding Per the 2005 Flood Insurance Study (FIS), flooding results mainly from storm surge flooding in the areas of the county bordering the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico when tidal surges,wave action, and heavy rainfall combine. The general topography of Monroe County is extremely flat, with natural elevations of 4 to 7 feet above mean sea level.Shallow slopes and the generally low-lying nature of the keys makes the County vulnerable to flooding during coastal events and heavy rains. Some rainfall in the area runs off into the surrounding seas and other rainfall that is caught in closed basins can drain relatively quickly into underlying coral rock and limestone soils that have high infiltration rates. However, there are still instances of rainfall flooding that does not runoff or drain quickly, causing water to accumulate in ponded areas. Additionally, there are approximately 170 miles of canals in the Florida Keys. Mismanagement and improper cleaning of these canals also causes flooding from heavy rains, hurricanes, and tidal systems. Coastal Tidal Flooding:All lands bordering the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts are susceptible to tidal effects and flooding. Coastal land such as sand bars, barrier islands and deltas provide a buffer zone to help protect human life and real property relative to the sea much as flood plains provide a buffer zone along rivers and other bodies of water. Coastal floods usually occur because of abnormally high tides or tidal waves, storm surge and heavy rains in combination with high tides, tropical storms and hurricanes. Shallow Ponding: Because much of the County is flat, whatever rainfall doesn't flow from an area tends to pond and percolate into the ground, causing water tables to rise during the wet season and periods of extended rainfall and reducing the capacity for soil storage and infiltration. Other forms of flooding in the county might include: Flash or Rapid Flooding: A flash flood occurs when water levels rise at an extremely fast rate as a result of intense rainfall over a brief period, possibly from slow-moving intense thunderstorms and sometimes combined with saturated soil,or impermeable surfaces. Flash flooding can happen in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs)as delineated by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)and can also happen in areas not associated with floodplains. Flash flood hazards caused by surface water runoff are most common in Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT urbanized areas, where greater population density generally equates to more impervious surface (e.g., pavement and buildings) which increases the amount of surface water generated. Flash flooding is a dangerous form of flooding which can reach full peak in only a few minutes. Rapid onset allows little or no time for protective measures. Flash flood waters move at very fast speeds and can move boulders, tear out trees, scour channels, destroy buildings, and obliterate bridges. Flash flooding can result in higher loss of life, both human and animal,than slower developing river and stream flooding. Localized/Stormwater Flooding: Localized stormwater flooding can occur in Monroe County. Localized stormwater flooding occurs when heavy rainfall and an accumulation of runoff overburden the stormwater drainage system. The cause of localized stormwater flooding in Monroe County can be attributed to its generally flat topography, among other factors. Localized flooding may be caused by the following issues: Inadequate Capacity—An undersized/under capacity pipe system can cause water to back-up behind a structure which can lead to areas of ponded water and/or overtopping of banks. Clogged Inlets—Debris covering the asphalt apron and the top of grate at catch basin inlets may contribute to an inadequate flow of stormwater into the system. Debris within the basin itself may also reduce the efficiency of the system by reducing the carrying capacity. Blocked Drainage Outfalls— Debris blockage or structural damage at drainage outfalls may prevent the system from discharging runoff, which may lead to a back-up of stormwater within the system. Improper Grade—Poorly graded asphalt around catch basin inlets may prevent stormwater from entering the catch basin as designed. Areas of settled asphalt may create low spots within the roadway that allow for areas of ponded water. While localized flooding may not be as destructive as coastal flooding, it is a chronic problem. The repetitive damage caused by such flooding can add up. Sewers may back up,yards can be inundated, and homes, businesses and vehicles can be flooded. Drainage and sewer systems not designed to carry the capacity currently needed to handle increased storm runoff can cause water to back into basements and damage mechanical systems.These impacts,and other localized flooding impacts,can create public health and safety concerns. In addition to these different types of flooding, flooding in Monroe County is a factor of the amount and timing of rainfall and the tide cycle elevation. The amount of rainfall occurring in March would not have the same flooding effect if the same amount occurred in September. During the dry season, the water table elevation typically drops to several feet below natural ground elevations. This allows for larger storage volume in the soil, lakes, canals, ditches, and swales. During the wet season, however, the water table elevation is often near the natural ground surface, lakes are filled, and ditches are flowing. The rainfall added to such conditions creates more stormwater runoff. Flooding and Floodplains In coastal areas, flooding occurs due to high tides,tidal waves, storm surge, or heavy rains. In these areas, flood hazards typically include the added risk of wave action delineated by the VE Zone and Coastal AE Zone. Wave height and intensity decreases as floodwaters move inland. Figure 4.1 shows the typical coastal floodplain and the breakdown of flood zones in these settings. These flood zones are discussed further in Table 4.9 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.1—Characteristics of a Coastal Floodplain 0 COASTAL LiA1N/A 1XI Wave height a 3 loot Wave height 3.0-1.5 feet Wave height <1.5 feet Limit of BFE Flood level properly elevated building base including (boding +vave effects and waves 100•year- - stiltwaterelevatian ---- 1` ------ L Sea level _. -L newnted bul"oomirmled before oommi City entered the NPIP --t T T T 1 1 Shoreline Sand beads Buildings Overland Vegetated Until of SFHA wind fetch region Source:FEMA In its common usage, the floodplain most often refers to that area that is inundated by the "100-year flood,"which is the flood that has a 1 percent chance in any given year of being equaled or exceeded. The 500-year flood is the flood that has a 0.2 percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. The potential for flooding can change and increase through various land use changes and changes to land surface,which result in a change to the floodplain. A change in environment can create localized flooding problems inside and outside of natural floodplains by altering or confining natural drainage channels. These changes are most often created by human activity. The 1-percent-annual-chance flood, which is the minimum standard used by most federal and state agencies, is used by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) as the standard for floodplain management and to determine the need for flood insurance. Participation in the NFIP requires adoption and enforcement of a local floodplain management ordinance which is intended to prevent unsafe development in the floodplain, thereby reducing future flood damages. Participation in the NFIP allows for the federal government to make flood insurance available within the community as a financial protection against flood losses. Since floods have an annual probability of occurrence, have a known magnitude, depth and velocity for each event, and in most cases, have a map indicating where they will likely occur, they are in many ways often the most predictable and manageable hazard. Warning Time:3—6 to 12 hours Duration:3—Less than 1 week Location Figure 4.2 reflects the effective mapped flood insurance zones for Monroe County. Maps for each participating jurisdiction are provided in the jurisdictional annexes. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.2—FEMA Flood Hazard Areas in Monroe County Broward Collier r� I 7 1 I Miami-Dade ti Monroe I a i � v `ate `i,a ry 1 fl tr s L r 0� J i sry n Islamorada Marathon Layton 'r t L 1; Key Colony rl Beach o s 0 a Key West D 7.5 15 22.5 30 Legend Miles I'SV Highways Zone AE(100 yr) N Ma Created B 1VIS J J Monroe Count P Y�� rl Y Zone VE(1DOyr) Date C-1a d:3;3'i2020 WO0d. Sources Esl.FEMA le9nnine Zone AO 106 r coon-y,1� � Municipalities ( Y) Zone X Shaded(500 yr) Source:FEMA Effective DFIRM Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Further,the LMS Working Group and the previous LMS plan identified the following areas more vulnerable to coastal flooding and/or pooling of rainfall flooding from heavy rains. Locations along Highway: • MM 109 in the Upper Keys. • MM 106, Lake Surprise Area;vulnerable to the effects of wind driven wave run-up from E/NE and W/SW directions; heavy rainfall results in ponding. • MM 111,the exposed beach area along the 17-mile stretch bordering Barnes Sound, experiences wave runup or"piling" with strong E and NE winds. • MM 113, the Point Laura Marina Area, borders Barnes Sound and is susceptible to strong E and NE winds. • MM 73.5-74.5, the Lower Matecumbe area known as "Sea Oats Beach," vulnerable to NE/E/SE wind driven wave run-up. • MM 30-32, Big Pine Key; the area north of the Big Pine Plaza Shopping Center encompassing Wilder Road and Key Deer Boulevard, while not normally vulnerable to storm surge effects, experience rainfall ponding. • MM 9-10, Big Coppitt Key, Bayside, experience wind-generated wave run-up. These areas of repetitive flooding may impact evacuation routes during an extended rainfall or wind- driven flood event. Spatial Extent: 4—Large Extent Flood extent can be defined by the amount of land in the floodplain and the potential magnitude of flooding as measured by flood height and velocity. Regulated floodplains are illustrated on inundation maps called Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMS). It is the official map for a community on which FEMA has delineated both the Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) and the risk premium zones applicable to the community. SFHAs represent the areas subject to inundation by the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event. Structures located within the SFHA have a 26- percent chance of flooding during the life of a standard 30-year mortgage. Flood prone areas were identified within Monroe County using the Effective FIRMS, dated February 18, 2005. Table 4.9 summarizes the flood insurance zones identified by the Digital FIRM (DFIRM). Table 4.9—Mapped Flood Insurance Zones within Monroe County Zone Description Also known as the coastal high hazard areas. They are areas subject to high velocity water including waves;they are defined by the 1%annual chance(base)flood limits(also known as the VE 100-year flood) and wave effects 3 feet or greater. The hazard zone is mapped with base flood elevations (BFEs) that reflect the combined influence of stillwater flood elevations, primary frontal dunes,and wave effects 3 feet or greater. AE Zones, also within the 100-year flood limits, are defined with BFEs that reflect the combined influence of stillwater flood elevations and wave effects less than 3 feet. The AE Zone generally extends from the landward VE zone limit to the limits of the 100-year flood from coastal sources, or until it reaches the confluence with riverine flood sources.The AE Zones also depict the SFHA AE due to riverine flood sources, but instead of being subdivided into separate zones of differing BFEs with possible wave effects added,they represent the flood profile determined by hydrologic and hydraulic investigations and have no wave effects.The Coastal AE Zone is differentiated from the AE Zone by the Limit of Moderate Wave Action (LiMWA) and includes areas susceptible to wave action between 1.5 to 3 feet. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Zone Description Areas subject to inundation by 1-percent-annual-chance shallow flooding(usually sheet flow on AO sloping terrain)where average depths are between one and three feet.Average flood depths derived from detailed hydraulic analyses are shown in this zone. Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements and floodplain management standards apply. Moderate risk areas within the 0.2-percent-annual-chance floodplain,areas of 1-percent- 0.2%Annual annual-chance flooding where average depths are less than 1 foot,areas of 1-percent-annual- Chance(shaded chance flooding where the contributing drainage area is less than 1 square mile,and areas protected from the 1-percent-annual-chance flood by a levee. No BFEs or base flood depths are Zone X) shown within these zones. (Zone X(shaded) is used on new and revised maps in place of Zone B.) Minimal risk areas outside the 1-percent and .2-percent-annual-chance floodplains. No BFEs or Zone X base flood depths are shown within these zones.Zone X(unshaded) is used on new and revised (Unshaded) maps in place of Zone C. Per this assessment,approximately 70 percent of Monroe County falls within the SFHA,an additional 29.9 percent of the County area is open water.Therefore, effectively 99 percent of the county's land area (not classified as open water) is within the SFHA. Table 4.10 provides a summary of the County's total area by flood zone on the 2012 effective DFIRM and a comparison to flood zone acreage on the preliminary DFIRM (released in December 2019). Changes from the effective DFIRM include over 53,000 acres of land no longer in the AE zone, over 44,000 acres now classified in the A zone, which was previously not included in the County's flood maps,and over 10,000 acres now classified as VE.Additionally,the preliminary maps represent an 80% increase in acreage in the 0.2% annual chance flood zone. Figure 4.3 shows the depth of flooding predicted from a 1%annual chance flood. Details on individual jurisdiction's flood zone acreage are available in the jurisdictional annexes. Table 4.10-Flood Zone Acreage in Monroe County Effective DFIRM(2012) Preliminary DFIRM(2019) Change from Flood Zone Acreage Percent of Acreage Percent of Effective(acres) g Total(%) Total(%) A 0 0% 44,705.9 2.8% 44,705.9 AE 635,332.7 39.7% 581,490.9 36.3% -53,841.9 VE 484,229.4 30.3% 494,451.6 30.9% 10,222.2 AO 4.2 0.0% 19.1 0.0% 14.9 0.2%Annual Chance 1,190.8 0.1% 2,150.6 0.1% 959.8 Flood Hazard Unshaded X 1,491.9 0.1% 883.5 0.1% -608.4 Open Water 477,840.1 29.9% 477,399.9 29.8% -440.2 Total 1,600,089.1 -- 1,601,101.5 -- 1,012.3 SFHA Total 1,119,566.3 70.0% 1,120,667.5 70.0% 1,101.2 Source:FEMA Effective DFIRM Note:The differences between the effective FIRM and the preliminary FIRM are significant will likely still change.These details are provided here only as a comparison-all further flood analysis is based in the 2012 Effective DFIRM. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.3—Flood Depth, 100-Year Floodplain, Monroe County Browa rd Collier --—--— - --—--—-- I i ti Miami-Dade v I Monroe •� I ! I j I / � ! I h l n ��✓J d �� r • ° R d° e l 7 �y Islamorada 5 r ' I, Marathon r=' Layton �d ti Key Colony Beach Key West �11 0 7,5 15 22.5 30 Legend N Miles ti Highways 100 Year Depth (ft) Map Created By:C. �Municipalities <t ft Date Created.1/17i2020 1-3 ft wood. $.SG S5:Fs r-EM A. x Monroe County 3-5 ft 1: G5,51"JFlVML7 Nlnnroz cwn-,y.FL >5 ft Counties IIIIIIIII Source:FEMA Effective DFIRM Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT The NFIP utilizes the 1-percent-annual-chance flood as a basis for floodplain management. The Flood Insurance Study(FIS)defines the probability of flooding as flood events of a magnitude which are expected to be equaled or exceeded once on the average during any 100-year period (recurrence intervals). Considered another way, properties in a 100-year flood zone have a one percent probability of flooding during any given year. Mortgage lenders require that owners of properties with federally-backed mortgages located within SFHAs purchase and maintain flood insurance policies on their properties. Consequently, newer and recently purchased properties in the community are typically insured against flooding. Impact: 3—Critical Historical Occurrences Table 4.11 details the historical occurrences of flooding identified from 2000 through 2019 by NCEI Storm Events database. It should be noted that only those historical occurrences listed in the NCEI database are shown here and that other, unrecorded or unreported events may have occurred within the planning area during this timeframe. Further, while storm surge events are the dominant cause of flooding in the County, they will be considered and detailed in the Hurricanes &Tropical Storms Section (4.5.2). Table 4.11—NCEI Records of Flooding, 2000-2019 Type Event Count Deaths/Injuries Reported Property Damage Coastal Flood 10 0/0 $0 Flood 16 0/0 $26,000 Heavy Rain 11 0/0 $0 Tota I 1 37 1 0/0 $26,000 Source: NCEI According to NCEI, 37 recorded flood events affected the planning area from 2000 to 2019 causing an estimated $26,000 in property damage, with no fatalities, injuries, or crop damage. Note that damage numbers reported here are only those reported by NCEI, which does not include insurance damage estimates; actual damages due to flood in County are likely higher. Table 4.12 provides a summary of this historical information by location. It is important to note that many of the events attributed to a zone may include incorporated and unincorporated areas. Similarly, though some events have a starting location identified, the event may have covered a larger area including multiple jurisdictions. Still, this list provides an indication of areas that may be particularly flood prone. Table 4.12—Summary of Historical Flood Occurrences by Location, 2000-2019 Location Event Count Deaths/Injuries Property Damage Key West 8 0/0 $16,000 Marathon 1 0/0 $0 Islamorada 1 0/0 $10,000 Monroe County Unincorporated Areas Big Coppitt Key 1 0/0 $0 Big Pine Key 1 0/0 $0 Duck Key 1 0/0 $0 Key Largo 3 0/0 $0 Long Key 2 0/0 $0 Rock Harbor 1 0/0 $0 Stock Island 8 0/0 $0 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Upper Keys 6 0/0 $0 Middle Keys 1 0/0 $0 Lower Keys 3 0/0 $0 Total 37 0/0 $26,000 Source: NCEI To supplement the data from NCEI, the following table summarizes the number and dollar value of NFIP claims paid in Monroe County by year. Note that these claims also include those made for flooding due to hurricanes. Table 4.13—NFIP Claims Data by Year, Monroe County Year Number of Claims Total Value of Claims 2000 13 $19,457.50 2001 19 $102,530.87 2002 3 $1,740.23 2003 3 $5,607.32 2004 22 $66,398.21 2005 4,909 $127,409,220.70 2006 6 $850.58 2007 1 $0 2008 12 $24,962.48 2009 3 $30,385.07 2010 4 $6,974.64 2011 10 $47,102.73 2012 15 $46,129.99 2013 1 $0 2014 2 $10,913.53 2015 6 $15,577.20 2016 2 $0 2017 4,564 $117,602,619.60 2018 5 $0 2019 4 $4,025.38 Total 9,604 $245,394,495.47 Source:NFIP Claims Data The following event narratives are provided in the NCEI Storm Events Database and illustrate the impacts of flood events on the county: February 12, 2007 — A line of thunderstorms developed along a developing warm front in the Florida Straits. Several thunderstorm cells tracked northeast across Duck Key and Long Key, producing very heavy rainfall and minor flooding. A Long Key State Park, 5.38 inches of rain were observed in two hours,with a final storm total rainfall of 9 inches. State Park Rangers reported 6 campsites were washed out and a park road was flooded.There were also reports of a flooded parking lot at the Layton Post Office. 5.6 inches of rain were reported in Duck Key. August 18,2008—Tropical Storm Fay moved through the Lower Florida Keys during the evening of August 18, 2008, producing tropical storm force winds and heavy rainfall. Rainfall produced widespread street flooding in Key West. This flooding caused a small section of the tarmac at the Key West international airport to collapse. In total, rainfall amount of 3.5 to 4.0 inches were reported in the Key West area, up to Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 7.27 inches in Marathon, and 7.05 inches in Ramrod Key, resulting in temporary street and low area flooding. September 29, 2010 - Thunderstorms focused along a convergence zone indirectly related to Tropical Storm Nicole produced heavy rainfall and extensive street flooding over Lower and Upper Matecumbe Keys within the Village of Islamorada. Water entered one home on Lower Matecumbe Key, causing one family to be temporarily displaced. October 17, 2011—Persistent showers and thunderstorms moved across the extreme Lower Florida Keys due to lower pressure over the Yucatan Peninsula. Street flooding of 3 to 4 feet deep was reported at the corners of White and Eaton Streets and Caroline and Margaret Streets in Old Town Key West, as well as at Donald and 20th Streets in New Town Key West. Several cars were stranded due to street flooding along South Roosevelt Boulevard between the Overseas Highway and Flagler Avenue, as well as near 1st Street and North Roosevelt Boulevard. Isolated low elevation home flooding was observed in Mid Town Key West along Fogarty Avenue. October 19, 2011-A low pressure system in the eastern Gulf of Mexico assisted in the formation of three separate squall lines,which moved east through the Florida Keys and surrounding coastal waters from the evening of October 18th through morning of October 19th. Widespread gale-force wind gusts and street flooding occurred across the Lower and Middle Florida Keys, along with a damaging waterspout across the Anchorage at Key West Harbor. Flooding was observed at Sigsbee Park at Dredgers Key in Key West, as well as up to three feet deep at the Stadium Apartments in New Town Key West. Flooding of side streets up to two feet was observed in Marathon. May 2, 2013—Thunderstorms developed in cyclic fashion over Key West and adjacent nearshore waters over a duration of three hours, producing widespread street flooding and flooding to businesses along the lower elevations of Key West. Flooding was reported in the Old Town Historic District of Key West, including up to two feet of flood depth at the corner of Front and Simonton Streets, at Duval and Greene Streets, and at the corner of White and Eaton Streets and up to three feet in depth at Duval and Front Streets. Up to 7 inches of rain was measured at the Key West Wastewater Treatment Plant on the south end of Fleming Key. Several businesses had water inundation to around 6 inches in depth. Significant flooding was observed on Patterson Street in Mid-Town Key West, causing a commercial-sized dumpster to float down the street. Further flooding included inundation of two and a half feet along Thompson and George Streets, and up to one foot in depth at the corner of Jose Marti Drive and North Roosevelt Boulevard. A retention and floodwater staging pond overflowed due to blocked drainage culverts leading to the Gulf of Mexico under North Roosevelt Boulevard. Street flooding up to two feet in depth was also observed along South Roosevelt Boulevard between Flagler Avenue and the Overseas Highway. September 21, 2015 - Minor coastal flooding occurred in a few Florida Bayside neighborhoods in North Key Largo,due mostly to persistent large northeast fetch occurring offshore the southeast U.S.Coast. Due to the very small diurnal tidal range of 2 to 3 inches in the far eastern end of Florida Bay and Blackwater Sound. Continuous coastal flooding of streets began approximately 17:00 EST on September 21st in the area of Adams and Shaw Drive in North Key Largo's bayside, gradually expanding to adjacent streets throughout the Blackwater Sound and Sexton Cove shorelines. While no homes or businesses were flooded,the depth of water reached as high as 0.8 feet by September 30th,with a couple streets becoming impassable to small vehicles. The flooding was confirmed by Monroe County Emergency Management and Key Largo Fire Rescue. October 5,2017 -Abnormally high spring tides occurred throughout the Florida Keys as result of seasonal autumn King Tides and prolonged strong northeast to east winds. Coastal Flooding with saltwater depth 3 to 6 inches above street level observed at the corner of Truman Avenue and North Roosevelt Boulevard Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT in Key West. U.S. Coast Guard and National Weather Service personnel confirmed further coastal flooding in the Upper Florida Keys, with saltwater depth 6 to 8 inches above streets on the oceanside of Rock Harbor, and minor flooding of the U.S. Highway 1 northbound lane at Sea Oats Beach, Lower Matecumbe Key, near Mile Marker 74.5. Coastal Flooding was also confirmed along West Ocean Drive in Key Colony Beach,with saltwater depth 6 inches over the road. Coastal flooding of near 1 foot in depth was observed near Sombrero Beach in Marathon. December 12, 2018—A strong extratropical cyclone moving northeast over the Gulf of Mexico pushed a cold front through the Florida Keys. Strong west winds overspread the Florida Keys and Florida Bay, causing water levels to rise quickly. Water levels along several Florida Bay neighborhoods from near Mile Marker 100 through 106 off the Overseas Highway reported flooding of yards,docks,and streets generally from 6 to 18 inches in depth. Several ground-floor slab homes had flooding of attached porches, with water levels nearly entering the homes. The Monroe County LMS Working Group also noted the importance of the following event, per the 2015 LMS: November 11-12, 1980:The "Veteran's Day Storm" resulted from the influence of a stalled cold front and Tropical Storm Jeanne that was over Cuba. In total, these combined systems produced 23 inches of rain in 24 hours. Even though much of the water was running off into the surrounding seas,the event resulted in widespread flooding especially in streets and low-lying areas. Weather Service reports indicated that 300 vehicles and 500 buildings were seriously damaged, resulting in $1 million in property damage, primarily in Key West. Probability of Future Occurrence By definition of the 100-year flood event, SFHAs are defined as those areas that will be inundated by the flood event having a 1-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. Properties located in these areas have a 26 percent chance of flooding over the life of a 30-year mortgage. The 500-year flood area is defined as those areas that will be inundated by the flood event having a 0.2- percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year; it is not the flood that will occur once every 500 years. While exposure to flood hazards vary across jurisdictions, all jurisdictions have at least some area of land in FEMA flood hazard areas. Additionally, there is risk of localized and stormwater flooding as well as severe wind-driven surge in areas outside the SFHA and at different intervals than the 1% annual chance flood. Based on these considerations as well as the 37 flood-related events recorded by NCEI over the last 20 years, the probability of flooding is considered highly likely (100% annual probability) for all jurisdictions. Probability: 4—Highly Likely Climate Change Per the Fourth National Climate Assessment, frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation events is expected to increase across the country. More specifically, it is "very likely" (90-100% probability) that most areas of the United States will exhibit an increase of at least 5% in the maximum 5-day precipitation by late 21st century. Additionally, increases in precipitation totals are expected in the Southeast. The mean change in the annual number of days with rainfall over 1 inch for the Southeastern United States is 0.5 to 1.5 days. Therefore,with more rainfall falling in more intense incidents,the region may experience more frequent flash flooding. Increased flooding may also result from more intense tropical cyclone; Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT researchers have noted the occurrence of more intense storms bringing greater rainfall totals, a trend that is expected to continue as ocean and air temperatures rise. Vulnerability Assessment Methodologies and Assumptions Wood conducted a Level 2 Hazus Flood Simulation by leveraging the 100-year (Zone AE & VE) flood boundaries from the effective FEMA Flood Insurance Study dated 02/18/2005. Base Flood Elevations were converted to a depth raster using LiDAR topography obtained from USGS. Wood also leveraged the 2020 parcel data provided by Monroe County for the loss determination. Parcels that were potentially at risk of flooding from the two 100-year flood zones listed above were selected for analysis. Only areas that were contained within the extent of available LiDAR, and by extension the depth grid,were analyzed.This accounted for 99%of all structures in the SFHA. Losses were derived in Hazus using USACE depth damage functions, shown in Table 4.14. Flood damage is directly related to the depth of flooding by the application of a depth damage curve. In applying the curve, a specific depth of water translates to a specific percentage of damage to the structure, which translates to the same percentage of the structure's replacement value. Figure 4.3 depicts the depth of flooding that can be expected within the Monroe County planning area during the 100-year flood event. Table 4.14—Depth Damage Percentages Percent Damaged(%) Depth Agricultural Commercial Education Government Industrial Religious Residential (ft) 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 18 1 6 9 5 5 10 10 22 2 1 11 14 7 8 12 11 25 3 15 16 9 13 15 11 28 4 19 18 9 14 19 12 30 5 25 20 10 14 22 12 31 6 30 23 11 15 26 13 40 7 35 26 13 17 30 14 43 8 41 30 15 19 35 14 43 9 46 34 17 22 29 15 45 10 51 38 20 26 42 17 46 11 57 42 24 31 48 19 47 12 63 47 28 37 50 24 47 13 70 51 33 44 51 30 49 14 75 55 39 51 53 38 50 15 79 58 45 59 54 45 50 16 82 61 52 65 55 52 50 17 84 64 59 70 55 58 51 18 87 67 64 74 56 64 51 19 89 69 69 79 56 69 52 20 90 71 74 83 57 74 52 21 92 74 79 87 57 78 53 22 93 76 84 91 57 82 53 23 95 78 89 95 58 85 54 24 96 80 94 98 58 88 54 Source:Hazus Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Building foundation types were not available in the parcel or building data provided by Monroe County but are required for Hazus. Therefore, based on local knowledge and experience, Wood made the assumption that 40% of the foundations in Monroe County are elevated, 24% are crawl space, and 35% are slab on grade. Loss numbers are based on improved parcel values listed in the 2020 parcel data from Monroe County. Content value estimations are based on Hazus methodologies of estimating value as a percent of improved structure values by property type. Table 4.15 shows the breakdown of the different property types and their estimated content replacement value percentages. Table 4.15—Content Replacement Factors Property Type Content Replacement Values Residential 50% Commercial 100% Educational 100% Government 100% Religious 100% Industrial/Agriculture 150% Source: Hazus People Certain health hazards are common to flood events. While such problems are often not reported, three general types of health hazards accompany floods. The first comes from the water itself. Floodwaters carry anything that was on the ground thatthe upstream runoff picked up, including dirt,oil,animal waste, and lawn, farm and industrial chemicals. Pastures and areas where farm animals are kept or where their wastes are stored can contribute polluted waters to the receiving streams. Debris also poses a risk both during and after a flood. During a flood, debris carried by floodwaters can cause physical injury from impact. During the recovery process, people may often need to clear debris out of their properties but may encounter dangers such as sharp materials or rusty nails that pose a risk of tetanus. People must be aware of these dangers prior to a flood so that they understand the risks and take necessary precautions before, during, and after a flood. Floodwaters also saturate the ground, which leads to infiltration into sanitary sewer lines. When wastewater treatment plants are flooded, there is nowhere for the sewage to flow. Infiltration and lack of treatment can lead to overloaded sewer lines that can back up into low-lying areas and homes. Even when it is diluted by flood waters, raw sewage can be a breeding ground for bacteria such as E. coli and other disease-causing agents. The second type of health problem arises after most of the water has gone. Stagnant pools can become breeding grounds for mosquitoes, and wet areas of a building that have not been properly cleaned breed mold and mildew. A building that is not thoroughly cleaned becomes a health hazard, especially for small children and the elderly. Another health hazard occurs when heating ducts in a forced air system are not properly cleaned after inundation. When the furnace or air conditioner is turned on,the sediments left in the ducts are circulated throughout the building and breathed in by the occupants. If a City water system loses pressure, a boil order may be issued to protect people and animals from contaminated water. The third problem is the long-term psychological impact of having been through a flood and seeing one's home damaged and personal belongings destroyed. The cost and labor needed to repair a flood-damaged Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT home puts a severe strain on people, especially the unprepared and uninsured. There is also a long-term problem for those who know that their homes can be flooded again. The resulting stress on floodplain residents takes its toll in the form of aggravated physical and mental health problems. Floods can also result in fatalities. Individuals face high risk when driving through flooded streets. According to NCEI records, however,there have been no deaths in Monroe County caused by flood events. An estimate of population at risk to flooding was developed based on the assessment of residential property at risk. Counts of residential buildings at risk were multiplied by a household factor for each jurisdiction, derived from a weighted average of the 2014-2018 American Community Survey's average household size for owner- and renter-occupied housing. The resulting estimates of population at risk are shown in Table 4.16. Overall, approximately 89,111 people live in high-risk flood zones. Table 4.16—Monroe County Population at Risk to Flood Jurisdiction Residential Buildings at Risk Household Factor Population at Risk Islamorada 4,498 2.20 9,896 Key Colony Beach 1,363 1.63 2,222 Key West 6,654 2.37 15,770 Layton 143 1.76 252 Marathon 5,090 2.34 11,911 Unincorporated Monroe County 20,528 2.39 49,062 Total 38,276 Source: FEMA;U.S.Census Bureau 2014-2018 ACS 5-Year Estimates;Monroe County 2020 parcel data Note:The household factor used to approximate population at risk in unincorporated Monroe County is representative of the entire County,not just the unincorporated areas. Shelter Requirements The Hazus analysis estimated the number of households that are expected to be displaced from their homes due to a 100-year flood event and the associated evacuation. In total,the model estimates 20,494 households will be displaced due to a 100-year flood event; this estimate includes households evacuated from within or very near the inundated area. An estimated 54,638 people — approximately 75% of the 73,090 person population—will seek temporary shelter in public shelters. Property Residential, commercial, and public buildings, as well as critical infrastructure such as transportation, water, energy, and communication systems may be damaged or destroyed by flood waters. Table 4.17 details the estimated losses for the 100-year flood event in Monroe County, calculated using the methodology and assumptions described above. The total damage estimate value is based on damages to the total of improved building value and contents value. Land value is not included in any of the loss estimates as generally land is not subject to loss from floods. Detailed tables by jurisdiction are located in individual jurisdictional annexes. Table 4.17—Estimated Building Damage and Content Loss for 1%Annual Chance Flood Total Total Value Estimated Occupancy Estimated Estimated Total Loss Parcels (Building& Building Type With Loss Contents) Damage Content Loss Damage Ratio Countywide Totals Agriculture 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0% Commercial 1,107 $1,285,781,546 $25,420,036 $75,648,767 $101,068,804 8% Educational 49 $385,589,374 $1,500,057 $11,043,976 $12,544,033 0% Government 205 $680,395,426 $18,162,957 $113,924,871 $132,087,828 19% Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Total Total Value Estimated Occupancy Estimated Estimated Total Loss Parcels (Building& Building Type With Loss Contents) Damage Content Loss Damage Ratio Industrial 142 $137,101,698 $2,835,491 $7,389,458 $10,224,950 7% Religious 77 $107,363,772 1 $2,470,200 1 $17,058,341 $19,528,542 18% Residential 38,276 $13,783,824,912 $1,738,914,018 $1,033,544,790 $2,772,458,808 20% Total 39,856 $16,380,056,729 $1,789,302,763 $1,258,610,205 $3,047,912,967 19% Source:Hazus The loss ratio is the loss estimate divided by the total potential exposure (i.e., total of improved and contents value for all buildings located within the 100-year floodplain) and displayed as a percentage of loss. FEMA considers loss ratios greater than 10%to be significant and an indicator a community may have more difficulties recovering from a flood. Loss ratios for all participating jurisdictions except Key Colony Beach are at or above 10%. Therefore, in the event of a flood with a magnitude of the 1%-annual-chance event or greater, the planning area would face extreme difficulty in recovery. Even smaller, more probabilistic floods may also result in the county having difficulty recovering. Estimated loss ratios are greatest in Key West and the unincorporated areas of Key West; therefore, these jurisdictions may face the greatest potential impacts from a flood event. Across the planning area there are 166 critical facilities located in the AE zone and 12 facilities located in the VE zone which may be at risk to more severe damages. Table 4.18 details these critical facilities at risk to flooding by type. Table 4.19 lists each critical facility at risk to flood and the flood zone and estimated 100-year flood depth at that location. There are an additional 14 facilities in the 0.2%-annual-chance floodplain (Shaded X) and 19 facilities in the Unshaded X Zone. Table 4.18—Summary of Critical Facilities at Risk to Flood, 1%Annual Chance Event Facility Type Critical Facilities by SFHA Zone Total Facilities at Risk Zone AE Zone VE Airfield 3 1 4 Communication 5 0 5 Emergency Ops 51 2 53 EMS 6 0 6 Energy 32 0 32 Fire 10 1 11 Government 16 2 18 Health 4 1 5 Hospital 4 0 4 Military 7 1 8 Police 4 2 6 School 8 0 8 Waste 3 0 3 Water 13 2 15 Total 166 12 178 Table 4.19—Critical Facilities at Risk to Flood, 1%Annual Chance Event Facility Type Facility Name Jurisdiction Flood 100-Yr Flood Zone Depth(NAVD Ft) Emergency Ops S&H Inc Debris Site Islamorada AE 0.1 Emergency Ops Island Christian School Islamorada AE 0.1 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Facility Type Facility Name Jurisdiction Flood 100-Yr Flood Zone Depth(NAVD Ft) Emergency Ops Island Christian School Site Islamorada AE 0.1 Emergency Ops Island Christian School Field Islamorada AE 1.5 Energy FKEC Ellis Facility Islamorada Islamorada AE 0.1 Military U.S.C.G. Plantation Key Islamorada AE 2.6 Emergency Ops Key Colony Beach Auditorium Key Colony Beach AE 1.5 Airfield Key West International Airport Key West VE 5.6 Emergency Ops Ft.Zachery Taylor Recreation Area Key West AE 0.4 Emergency Ops Casa Marina Key West AE 0.1 Emergency Ops Salt Ponds Bunker Area Key West AE 0.1 Emergency Ops HOB Middle School Key West AE 1.0 Emergency Ops Jose Marti Park Key West AE 2.0 Emergency Ops KW Central Fire Station#1 Key West AE 0.1 Emergency Ops Key West Fire Station#3 Key West AE 4.0 Emergency Ops Key West Bight Parking Area Key West VE 6.1 Emergency Ops Multifield Baseball Complex Key West AE 1.6 Emergency Ops Seaplane Base Key West AE 3.4 Emergency Ops Tommy Roberts Stadium Key West AE 3.6 Emergency Ops Clay Sterling Baseball Fields Key West AE 2.1 Emergency Ops Sigsbee Park&Community Center Key West AE 2.2 Energy Keys Energy Services Main Office Key West AE 3.3 Energy Keys Energy Services Substation Key West AE 3.1 Energy William Arnold Service Building Key West AE 1.0 White Street Substation Switchgear Energy Building Key West AE -2.9 Thompson Street Substation Energy Switchgear Building Key West AE -0.6 Kennedy Drive Substation Switchgear Energy Building A Key West AE 1.3 Kennedy Drive Substation Switchgear Energy Building B Key West AE -1.0 Fire KWIA Fire/Rescue#4 Key West VE 5.2 Government M. C. Public Works Key West Key West VE 6.5 Government Key West Port/Transit Authority Key West AE 0.3 M. C.School Board/Transportation Government Facility KW Key West AE 3.8 Government Stock Island Public Service Building Key West AE 3.5 Government Stock Island MCSO Jail Facility Key West VE 5.8 Health Bayshore Manor Convalescent Center Key West AE 3.7 Health Key West Convalescent Center Key West AE 3.2 Hospital DePoo Hospital LFKHS Key West AE 0.1 Hospital Lower Florida Keys Medical Center Key West AE 1.1 Military Fort Zachary Taylor Landing Zone Key West AE 0.1 Military Naval Facility Key West AE 4.4 Military Fuel Storage Facility Key West AE 2.1 Military U.S.C.G. Base Key West Key West VE 3.1 Police FHP Substation Key West VE 6.8 Police KW Police Station Key West AE 0.1 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Facility Type Facility Name Jurisdiction Flood 100-Yr Flood Zone Depth(NAVD Ft) Stock Island MCSO Administration Police Building Key West VE 8.5 School Key West High School Key West AE 2.9 School Poinciana Elementary School Key West AE 0.1 School Sigsbee Elementary School Key West AE 1.1 School Gerald Adams School Key West AE 0.8 School Florida Keys Community College Key West AE 0.1 Waste Key West Landfill Key West AE 0.1 Water FKAA Main Office Key West AE 1.3 Water FKAA Storage Facility Key West AE 0.1 Water F.K.A.A. Backpumping Station Key West AE 0.2 Water F.K.A.A. Storage Facility Key West AE 3.8 Water Water Tower Behind Sigsbee School Key West AE 2.6 Fire Monroe County Fire Rescue#18 Layton AE 3.5 Airfield Marathon Airport Marathon AE 0.1 Emergency Ops Knight's Key Campground Field Marathon AE 6.1 Emergency Ops Monroe County Primary EOC Marathon AE 0.1 Emergency Ops Stanley Switlik Elementary School Marathon AE 2.9 Emergency Ops Kmart Parking Lot Marathon AE 2.9 Emergency Ops Marathon Airport West Marathon AE 1.6 Emergency Ops Marathon Airport East Marathon AE 0.8 Emergency Ops San Pablo Church Marathon AE 0.1 Emergency Ops San Pablo Catholic Church Field Marathon AE 3.2 Emergency Ops Joe London Training Academy Marathon AE 3.1 EMS Medical 6 Station Marathon AE 0.1 Energy FKEC Generating Plant Marathon AE 0.1 Fire Marathon Vol Fire Dept Station 1 Marathon AE 1.9 Fire Marathon Fire Station/EMS#14 Marathon AE 0.1 Fire Grassy Key Fire Station#15 Marathon AE 4.2 Government M. C. Library Marathon Marathon AE 0.3 Government Monroe County Tax Collector Marathon AE 0.4 Marathon Govt. Center County Government Building Marathon AE 0.2 Government Marathon Detention Facility Marathon AE 0.8 Government FDOT Marathon Operation Center Marathon AE 3.5 Government Marathon Govt. Center State Building Marathon AE 1.2 Government Marathon Government Center Annex Marathon AE 1.4 Government City of Marathon/City Offices Marathon AE 2.0 Government M. C. Mosquito Control Marathon Marathon AE 0.1 Government M. C. Public Works Marathon Marathon AE 0.1 Health Marathon Manor Marathon VE 5.7 Hospital Fishermans Hospital Marathon AE 0.1 Military U.S.C.G. Marathon Marathon AE 4.5 Police MCSO Marathon Substation Marathon AE 0.1 Police Monroe County Medical Examiner Marathon AE 0.1 School Marathon High School Marathon AE 3.9 Waste Marathon Wastewater Facility Marathon AE 4.9 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Facility Type Facility Name Jurisdiction Flood 100-Yr Flood Zone Depth(NAVD Ft) Water F.K.A.A. Booster Station Marathon AE 2.2 Water F.K.A.A. Operations Center Marathon AE 0.8 Water City of Marathon Wastewater Facility Marathon AE 3.8 Airfield Sugarloaf Airfield Unincorporated AE 8.4 Airfield Ocean Reef Club Airport Unincorporated AE 2.9 Communication Bell South Sugarloaf Unincorporated AE 5.1 Communication WWUS US1 Radio 104.7 Unincorporated AE 5.9 Communication Big Pine Key Bell South Blding Unincorporated AE 1.2 Communication WFKZ FM 103.1 Unincorporated AE 3.2 Communication Bell South Key Largo Unincorporated AE 0.1 Emergency Ops Bernstein Park Unincorporated AE 1 5.3 Emergency Ops Rockland Investment Unincorporated AE 3.3 Emergency Ops Toppino Debris Site Unincorporated AE 6.2 Emergency Ops Dickerson Debris Site Unincorporated AE 3.7 Emergency Ops South Pointe Debris Site Unincorporated AE 7.7 Emergency Ops E Shore Drive Site Unincorporated AE 7.3 Emergency Ops Summerland Airfield Unincorporated AE 4.3 Emergency Ops Sugarloaf School Site Unincorporated AE 7.0 Emergency Ops Vantage Property Development LLC Unincorporated VE 6.1 Emergency Ops Saint Peter's Catholic Church Unincorporated AE 3.1 Emergency Ops Big Pine School Unincorporated AE 3.0 Emergency Ops Habitat for Humanity Unincorporated AE 3.2 Emergency Ops Big Pine Flea Market Unincorporated AE 4.0 Emergency Ops Ships Way Debris Site Unincorporated AE 3.1 Emergency Ops Blimp Rd Debris Site Unincorporated AE 7.0 Emergency Ops Big Pine Vol Fire Station#13 Unincorporated AE 3.4 Monroe County Sheriff's Office- Emergency Ops Plantation Key Unincorporated AE 0.1 Emergency Ops Plantation Key School Unincorporated AE 0.1 Emergency Ops Coral Shores Field Unincorporated AE - Emergency Ops Tavernier Towne Parking Lot Unincorporated AE 2.5 Emergency Ops Orange Blossom Debris Site Unincorporated AE 2.3 Emergency Ops Hilton Key Largo Resort Unincorporated AE 0.1 Emergency Ops Key Largo Bay Beach Unincorporated AE 2.9 Emergency Ops Port Bougainville Unincorporated AE 0.1 Emergency Ops Carysfort Debris Site Unincorporated AE 5.6 Emergency Ops Ocean Reef Debris Site Unincorporated AE 2.7 EMS Big Coppitt Fire Station#9 Unincorporated AE 1.1 EMS Cudjoe Key Fire Station#11 Unincorporated AE 1.5 EMS Big Pine Fire Station#13 Unincorporated AE 3.8 EMS Conch Key Fire Station#17 Unincorporated AE 5.5 EMS Medical 9 Station Unincorporated AE 0.1 Energy Keys Energy Services Generating Plant Unincorporated AE 1.7 Energy Keys Energy Services Substation Unincorporated AE 3.4 Keys Energy Services Facility Big Energy Coppitt Unincorporated AE 0.9 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Facility Type Facility Name Jurisdiction Flood 100-Yr Flood Zone Depth(NAVD Ft) Keys Energy Services Facility Cudjoe Energy Key Unincorporated AE 3.9 Energy FKEC Administration Bldg. Unincorporated AE 0.1 Energy FKEC Operations Complex Unincorporated AE 0.1 Second Street Substation Switchgear Energy Building Unincorporated AE -0.9 Energy US1 Substation Switchgear Building Unincorporated AE -0.9 US1 Substation Transmission Relay Energy Building Unincorporated AE 1.0 Big Coppitt Substation Switchgear Energy Building Unincorporated AE -0.5 Cudjoe Key Substation Switchgear Energy Building Unincorporated AE -0.3 Energy Big Pine Substation Switchgear Building Unincorporated AE -2.7 Energy 69 kV Relay Building* Unincorporated AE 1.2 Energy Medium Speed Diesel Building* Unincorporated AE 0.1 Energy EP2 Building* Unincorporated AE -1.6 Energy CT1* Unincorporated AE -0.9 Energy CT2* Unincorporated AE -1.1 Energy CT3* Unincorporated AE -0.1 Energy CT4* Unincorporated AE -1.0 Energy Yarbrough/Medina Building* Unincorporated AE -6.6 Energy DVAR Switchgear Building* Unincorporated AE -1.9 Energy Ralph Garcia Building* Unincorporated AE 1.0 Warehouse C Building(new building under construction and Warehouse C Energy building to be demolished)* Unincorporated AE -1.5 Fire Stock Island Fire Station#8 Unincorporated AE 5.3 Fire Big Coppitt Fire Station#9 Unincorporated AE 1.0 Fire Lower Sugarloaf Fire Station#10 Unincorporated AE 4.6 Fire Conch Key Fire Station#17 Unincorporated AE 5.8 Fire Tavernier Vol Fire Dept/EMS #22 Unincorporated AE 0.1 Fire Ocean Reef Club Fire Station#26 Unincorporated AE 2.4 Government M.C. Mosquito Control Stock Island Unincorporated AE 3.3 Government Plantation Key Govt. Center Unincorporated AE 0.1 Government Plantation Detention Center Unincorporated AE 0.1 Health Plantation Key Children's Shelter Unincorporated AE 0.1 Health Plantation Key Convalescent Center Unincorporated AE 1.6 Hospital Mariner's Hospital Tavernier Unincorporated AE 1.3 Military Naval Air Station Key West Unincorporated AE 5.4 Military U.S.Air Force Tethrostat Site Unincorporated AE 5.3 Police Sheriff's Substation Cudjoe Key Unincorporated AE 0.6 School Sugarloaf Elementary/Middle School Unincorporated AE 2.7 School Key Largo Elementary/Middle School Unincorporated AE 0.1 Waste Cudjoe Landfill Unincorporated AE 0.1 Water F.K.A.A. RO Plant&Storage Facility Unincorporated VE 3.4 Water Wastewater Treatment Plant Unincorporated AE 0.1 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Facility Type Facility Name Jurisdiction Flood 100-Yr Flood Zone Depth(NAVD Ft) Water F.K.A.A. Booster Station Unincorporated AE 1.7 Water FKAA-Summerland Key Unincorporated AE 2.1 Water FKAA- Big Pine Key Unincorporated AE 4.2 Water FKAA Pumping Station Unincorporated VE 5.6 Water FKAA Admin/Pump Station Unincorporated AE 0.2 Emergency Ops S&H Inc Debris Site Islamorada AE 0.1 Note:Buildings noted with an asterisk(*)are all part of the Stock Island Power Plant Repetitive Loss Analysis A repetitive loss property is a property for which two or more flood insurance claims of more than$1,000 have been paid by the NFIP within any 10-year period since 1978. An analysis of repetitive loss was completed to examine repetitive losses within the planning area. According to 2020 NFIP records, there are a total of 4,480 repetitive loss properties within the Monroe County planning area.Of these properties, 1,046(23.3%) are insured.Additionally, 16 (0.36%) are outside of the SFHA. In total, there are 254 properties classified as severe repetitive loss properties. A severe repetitive loss property is classified as such if it has four or more separate claim payments of more than $5,000 each(including building and contents payments)or two or more separate claim payments(building only)where the total of the payments exceeds the current value of the property. Occupancy data was not available from FEMA for repetitive loss properties; however, the previous plan reports 898 total repetitive loss properties of which 92%were residential and 8%were non-residential. In incorporated cities, 84%were residential and 16%were non-residential. Based on this past data; current policy data, including occupancy of insured buildings; and knowledge of repetitive loss properties across Florida, it is estimated that at least 90% of the identified repetitive loss properties across the county are residential. Table 4.20 summarizes repetitive loss properties by jurisdiction in Monroe County as identified by FEMA through the NFIP. Figure 4.4 through Figure 4.9 shows the general areas where repetitive losses have occurred throughout the planning area. Table 4.20—Repetitive Loss Properties by Jurisdiction Jurisdiction Property Total Total Building Total Contents Total Payments SRL Count Losses Payments Payments Count Islamorada 49 165 $9,259,466.07 $2,186,580.29 $11,446,046.36 17 Key Colony Beach 17 55 $4,948,817.18 $473,229.39 $5,422,046.57 3 Key West 250 675 $25,884,699.75 $6,455,692.16 $32,340,391.91 33 Layton 1 2 $0.00 $5,839.22 $5,839.22 - Marathon 168 471 $22,113,989.43 $3,770,593.82 $25,884,583.25 31 Unincorporated Monroe County 696 1,670 $54,434,686.72 $11,718,672.59 $66,153,359.31 77 Total 1 1,1811 3,038 1 $116,641,659.15 $24,610,607.47 $141,252,266.62 161 Source:FEMA Region IV,obtained December 2020;SRL=Severe Repetitive Loss Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 a c N S d � a ao o aM o 0 m � O O � � O P 9m N N h) Y p 4n N A J Xs ` LL Q� Q rti L N C Q 0 N J V J IL C O ++ w III Q W o N bD c ram- VI ,v Y \ � T 06 v o a� V zm O �o N 0 N LL 3 O � O ? 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L / N r Q � O CL W O a� Qj C Q GJ z � o N 3 Eg W LL LA v Q z° Y N � T 06 y o ao v z _ +' N ti f6 O C i v o Y L`L � a'YJ aL f6 C�m W o c V Q O LL a O -CA LL W 0 O 7 Vf LI) 2 2 N 3 ° _ d N ��a a 0 Y u m I � II V y V I IV ` \ � m L11 R Q N r N 7 CL \ 0 O Qj CL F- 00 Z \ o W LL Q z Y j N � T 06 1 Y O C i Q GN D�m O 2 aL CO F.. 2om � � Q • O � O V id 3 Z O a o � LL O 1 O W 0 O 7 Ln v° 2 cV d r N - � m 11 `I l \ I � O r 9m N V W O N ` LL L N Q � O 0 Vf J O N � V CL � � C O a� Qj GJ � O_ aj _a L m p LLI 11 \ ~ (A r v m N z° N 66 ` do to _ a+ LL YJ s t N ti • LL C 4 V LA C V 3 Z \ a O CA w N 3 W0 CO C7 In v° 2 (V SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Economy Economic impacts of flood are wide ranging. Particularly, the Monroe County economy relies on tourism; following a significant flood event, lack of tourism will cause business losses to varying degrees. More frequent flooding might result in longer business interruption or increase building damages, requiring businesses to shut down for renovations. Further, flooding and damages caused to U.S. Highway 1 —the primary thoroughfare in the Keys, would cause significant, long-term economic impacts. Hazus reports the business interruption losses for a 1%-annual-chance flood event as follows: Table 4.21—Business Interruption Losses, 1%-Annual-Chance Flood, Monroe County Business Interruption Residential Commercial Industrial Others Total Income $300,000 $4,610,000 $280,000 $5,190,000 $300,000 Relocation $3,840,000 $640,000 $180,000 $4,650,000 $3,840,000 Rental Income $1,510,000 $400,000 $20,000 $1,930,000 $1,510,000 Wage $850,000 $4,020,000 $6,870,000 $11,740,000 $850,000 Total $6,510,000 $9,660,000 $7,350,000 $23,520,000 $6,510,000 Source:Hazus Environment During a flood event, chemicals and other hazardous substances may end up contaminating local water bodies. Flooding kills animals and in general disrupts the ecosystem. Snakes and insects may also make their way to the flooded areas. Floods can also cause significant erosion, which can alter streambanks and deposit sediment, changing the flow of streams and rivers and potentially reducing the drainage capacity of those waterbodies. Consequence Analysis Table 4.22 summarizes the potential detrimental consequences of flood. Table 4.22—Consequence Analysis-Flood Category Consequences Public Localized impact expected to be severe for incident areas and moderate to light for other adversely affected areas. Responders First responders are at risk when attempting to rescue people from their homes. They are subject to the same health hazards as the public. Flood waters may prevent access to areas in need of response or the flood may prevent access to the critical facilities themselves which may prolong response time. Damage to personnel will generally be localized to those in the flood areas at the time of the incident and is expected to be limited. Continuity of Operations Floods can severely disrupt normal operations, especially when there is a loss of (including Continued power. Damage to facilities in the affected area may require temporary relocation Delivery of Services) of some operations. Localized disruption of roads, facilities, and/or utilities caused by incident may postpone delivery of some services. Property, Facilities and Buildings and infrastructure, including transportation and utility infrastructure, may Infrastructure be damaged or destroyed. Impacts are expected to be localized to the area of the incident. Severe damage is possible. Environment Chemicals and other hazardous substances may contaminate local water bodies. Wildlife and livestock deaths possible.The localized impact is expected to be Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Category Consequences severe for incident areas and moderate to light for other areas affected by the flood or HazMat spills. Economic Condition of Local economy and finances will be adversely affected, possibly for an extended the Jurisdiction period. During floods(especially flash floods), roads, bridges,farms, houses and automobiles are destroyed.Additionally,the local government must deploy firemen, police and other emergency response personnel and equipment to help the affected area. It may take years for the affected communities to be re-built and business to return to normal. Public Confidence in the Ability to respond and recover may be questioned and challenged if planning, Jurisdiction's Governance response,and recovery are not timely and effective. Associated Hazards Natural hazards are, more often than not, interconnected. Any given hazard may lead to, or be spurred by, another hazard—sometimes referred to as cascading disasters.A flood event maybe associated with: Tropical Storms and Hurricanes, Storm Surge, and Severe Weather/Thunderstorms. Changes in Development It is very likely that development can and will change the flood hazard and increase risk. Increased development anywhere in the County will likely lead to increased impervious surfaces; such development will alter flood patterns as well as intensity of flooding events. This is especially true of increased development within or near identified floodplains. Though the County's Rate of Growth Ordinance determines the speed at which undeveloped parcels may be developed there is still potential for increased impervious surfaces on previously developed parcels. Problem Statement All incorporated jurisdictions have at least 85 percent of their total land area in the Special Hazard Flood area. Riverine floods could likely significantly impact these jurisdictions. It is important to consider how the recently released preliminary floodplain maps will impact flood insurance once effective. Changes in floodplain acreage are most significant in Key West (increase) and Islamorada (decrease), although floodplain acreage decreases as well in Key Colony, Layton, and Marathon. All jurisdictions in the County have a flood loss-ratio of greater than 10%; the loss ratio is higher in unincorporated Monroe (22%)than Countywide (19%). Per the Hazus analysis, 100 percent of developed parcels in the AE and VE zones are at risk to flooding (Key Colony Beach and Layton); Marathon (99.6%) and Key West(97.7%) have larger portions of parcels at risk than the County average (96.8%). Mitigation strategies should prioritize these properties. As a community with a large seasonal population, the County and incorporated jurisdictions should consider whether shelters have adequate capacity for this influx of people, often during hurricane season. Unincorporated Monroe County, Key West, and Marathon have higher numbers and total values of paid out flood insurance claims as well as more repetitive loss buildings within their jurisdictions. Less than 50%of repetitive loss buildings in Islamorada (29%), Key West(15.7%), Marathon (34.2%), and unincorporated Monroe (34.2%) are insured. These buildings should be prioritized for elevation or acquisition. Localized and stormwater flooding blocking roadways (particularly U.S. Highway 1) may impede evacuation capabilities. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Of the 211 critical facilities reported in this plan, 84 percent are within the SFHA;78.7 percent in the AE zone and 5.7 percent in the VE zone. The communities must identify mitigation strategies that protect these facilities, which might include elevation of critical systems, elevation of the building, floodproofing, or relocation, among others. Hazard Summary by Jurisdiction The following table summarizes flood hazard risk by jurisdiction. Flood risk due to storm surge, high tide flooding, flash flooding, and stormwater flooding exists across the entire county. All participating jurisdictions have over 85%of their area in the SFHA and thus have a high degree of exposure to flooding; given that other sources of flooding and other levels of flooding may occur beyond these areas,the spatial extent was considered large for all jurisdictions. Impact ratings were based upon Hazus loss estimates as well as the overall risk of death or injury; as Key Colony beach has a loss ratio of less than 10%, flood impact was rated as limited. All other jurisdictions were rated with an impact of critical. All communities also face a uniform probability of flooding. Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority Key Colony Beach 4 2 4 3 3 3.2 H Key West 4 3 4 3 3 3.5 H Layton 4 3 4 3 3 3.5 H Marathon 4 3 4 3 3 3.5 H Islamorada 4 3 4 3 3 3.5 H Unincorporated 4 3 4 3 3 3.5 H Monroe County Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 4.5.2 Tropical Cyclones Hazard Probability Impact Spatial Warning Time Duration PRI Extent Score Tropical Cyclones Likely Catastrophic Large More than 24 hrs Less than 1 week 3.3 Hazard Description Hurricanes and tropical storms are classified as cyclones and defined as any closed circulation developing around a low-pressure center in which the winds rotate counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (or clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere)and whose diameter averages 10 to 30 miles across. A tropical cyclone refers to any such circulation that develops over tropical waters. Tropical cyclones act as a "safety-valve," limiting the continued build-up of heat and energy in tropical regions by maintaining the atmospheric heat and moisture balance between the tropics and the pole-ward latitudes. The primary damaging forces associated with these storms are high-level sustained winds, heavy precipitation, and tornadoes. The key energy source for a tropical cyclone is the release of latent heat from the condensation of warm water. Their formation requires a low-pressure disturbance, warm sea surface temperature, rotational force from the spinning of the earth, and the absence of wind shear in the lowest 50,000 feet of the atmosphere. Most hurricanes and tropical storms form in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico during the official Atlantic hurricane season, which encompasses the months of June through November. The peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is in early to mid-September and the average number of storms that reach hurricane intensity per year in the Atlantic basin is about six. While hurricanes pose the greatest threat to life and property, tropical storms and depressions also can be devastating. A tropical disturbance can grow to a more intense stage through an increase in sustained wind speeds. The progression of a tropical disturbance is described below. Tropical Depression: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 38 mph (33 knots) or less. Tropical Storm: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 39 to 73 mph (34 to 63 knots). Hurricane: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 74 mph (64 knots) or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. Major Hurricane: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 111 mph (96 knots) or higher, corresponding to a Category 3, 4 or 5 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. As an incipient hurricane develops, barometric pressure(measured in millibars or inches)at its center falls and winds increase. If the atmospheric and oceanic conditions are favorable, it can intensify into a tropical depression.When maximum sustained winds reach or exceed 39 miles per hour,the system is designated a tropical storm,given a name,and is monitored by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida.When sustained winds reach or exceed 74 miles per hour the storm is deemed a hurricane. Hurricanes are given a classification based on the Saffir-Simpson Scale; this scale is reproduced in Table 4.23. The greatest potential for loss of life related to a hurricane is from the storm surge. Storm surge is water that is pushed toward the shore by the force of the winds swirling around the storm as shown in Figure 4.10. This advancing surge combines with the normal tides to create the hurricane storm tide, which can increase the mean water level to heights impacting roads, homes and other critical infrastructure. In addition,wind driven waves are superimposed on the storm tide.This rise in water level can cause severe flooding in coastal areas, particularly when the storm tide coincides with the normal high tides. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT The maximum potential storm surge for a location depends on several different factors. Storm surge is a very complex phenomenon because it is sensitive to the slightest changes in storm intensity, forward speed, size (radius of maximum winds-RMW), angle of approach to the coast, central pressure (minimal contribution in comparison to the wind), and the shape and characteristics of coastal features such as bays and estuaries. Other factors which can impact storm surge are the width and slope of the continental shelf and the depth of the ocean bottom. A narrow shelf, or one that drops steeply from the shoreline and subsequently produces deep water close to the shoreline, tends to produce a lower surge but higher and more powerful storm waves.A shallow slope,as is found off the coast of Monroe County,will produce a greater storm surge than a steep shelf. Figure 4.10—Components of Hurricane Storm Surge Wind and Pressure Components of Hurricane Storm Surge Source: NOAA/The COMET Program Damage during hurricanes may also result from inland flooding from associated heavy rainfall. Like hurricanes, nor'easters are ocean storms capable of causing substantial damage to coastal areas in the Eastern United States due to their strong winds and heavy surf. Nor'easters are named for the winds that blow in from the northeast and drive the storm up the East Coast along the Gulf Stream. They are caused by the interaction of the jet stream with horizontal temperature gradients and generally occur during the fall and winter months when moisture and cold air are plentiful. Nor'easters are known for dumping heavy amounts of rain and snow, producing hurricane-force winds, and creating high surf that causes severe beach erosion and coastal flooding. There are two main components to a nor'easter: (1) a Gulf Stream low-pressure system (counter-clockwise winds)generated off the southeastern U.S. coast,gathering warm air and moisture from the Atlantic,and pulled up the East Coast by strong northeasterly winds at the leading edge of the storm; and (2) an Arctic high-pressure system (clockwise winds) which meets the low-pressure system with cold, arctic air blowing down from Canada. When the two systems collide, the moisture and cold air produce a mix of precipitation and can produce dangerously high winds and heavy seas.As the low-pressure system deepens,the intensity of the winds and waves increases and can cause serious damage to coastal areas as the storm moves northeast. Warning Time: 1 —More than 24 hours Duration: 3—Less than 1 week Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Location Hurricanes and tropical storms can occur anywhere within the Monroe County planning area. While coastal areas are most vulnerable to hurricanes,their wind and rain impacts can be felt hundreds of miles inland. Storm surge impacts are more limited, affecting areas along coastal and estuarine shorelines and reaching further inland depending on the height of the surge. All of Monroe County is vulnerable to hurricane and tropical storm surge. Figure 4.11 shows the estimated extent of surge by storm category according to NOAA Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) data. the SLOSH model is a computerized numerical model developed by the NWS to estimate storm surge heights resulting from historical, hypothetical, or predicted hurricanes by considering the atmospheric pressure, size, forward speed, and track data. The model creates outputs for all different storm simulations from all points of the compass. Each direction has a MEOW (maximum envelope of water)for each category of storm (1-5), and all directions combined result in a MOMS (maximum of maximums) set of data. Note that the MOM does not illustrate the storm surge that will occur from any given storm but rather the full potential extent of surge from all possible storms. As shown in these maps, Monroe County is vulnerable to storm surge impacts from all storm categories. Much of the County is likely to be impacted in some capacity by storms rated as Category 1 or higher. Maps of storm surge impacts by jurisdiction are available in individual jurisdictional annexes. Spatial Extent: 4—Large Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Ad SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.11—Storm Surge Inundation for All Categories Broward Collier tip Miami-Dade Monroe I t � ar llk t ! ® 0 o a Islarnorada Marathon Layton > - Key Colony Beach Key West 0 8 16 24 32 Legend N Mlles qW Category 1 Surge Zone &.Category S Surge Zone Map created By:LAW Category 2 Surge Zone c!�]Municipaiities Date Created:a/4/2o2o Category 3 Surge Zane wo©d 5ourcese Esn,FEMA,Mcnroa ja MOnme County co�r,ryr FL Category 4 Surge Zone �Counties Source:NOAA SLOSH Data Mnnrna County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Extent As an incipient hurricane develops, barometric pressure(measured in millibars or inches)at its center falls and winds increase. If the atmospheric and oceanic conditions are favorable, it can intensify into a tropical depression. When maximum sustained winds reach or exceed 39 miles per hour,the system is designated a tropical storm, given a name, and is closely monitored by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida. When sustained winds reach or exceed 74 miles per hour the storm is deemed a hurricane. Hurricane intensity is further classified by the Saffir-Simpson Scale (Table 4.23), which rates hurricane intensity on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the most intense. Table 4.23—Saffir-Simpson Scale Category Maximum Sustained Types of Damage Wind Speed(MPH) Very dangerous winds will produce some damage; Well-constructed frame homes could have damage to roof,shingles,vinyl siding and 1 74-95 gutters. Large branches of trees will snap,and shallowly rooted trees may be toppled. Extensive damage to power lines and poles likely will result in power outages that could last a few to several days. Extremely dangerous winds will cause extensive damage; Well- constructed frame homes could sustain major roof and siding damage. 2 96-110 Many shallowly rooted trees will be snapped or uprooted and block numerous roads. Near-total power loss is expected with outages that could last from several days to weeks. Devastating damage will occur;Well-built framed homes may incur major 3 111-129 damage or removal of roof decking and gable ends. Many trees will be snapped or uprooted,blocking numerous roads. Electricity and water will be unavailable for several days to weeks after the storm passes. Catastrophic damage will occur; Well-built framed homes can sustain severe damage with loss of most of the roof structure and/or some 130-156 exterior walls. Most trees will be snapped or uprooted,and power poles downed. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months. Catastrophic damage will occur;A high percentage of framed homes will be destroyed,with total roof failure and wall collapse. Fallen trees and 157+ power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last for weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months. Source: National Hurricane Center The Saffir-Simpson Scale categorizes hurricane intensity linearly based upon maximum sustained winds and barometric pressure, which are combined to estimate potential damage. Categories 3, 4, and 5 are classified as "major" hurricanes and,while hurricanes within this range comprise only 20 percent of total tropical cyclone landfalls,they account for over 70 percent of the damage in the United States. Table 4.24 describes the damage that could be expected for each category of hurricane. Damage during hurricanes may also result from spawned tornadoes, storm surge, and inland flooding associated with heavy rainfall that usually accompanies these storms. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 r® SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Table 4.24—Hurricane Damage Classifications Storm Damage Photo Category Level Description of Damages Example No real damage to building structures. Damage primarily to : 1 MINIMAL unanchored mobile homes, shrubbery, and trees. Also, some coastal flooding and minor pier damage. Some roofing material,door,and window damage. Considerable 2 MODERATE damage to vegetation, mobile homes, etc. Flooding damages piers and small craft in unprotected moorings may break their moorings. Some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings, with a minor amount of curtainwall failures. Mobile homes are 3 EXTENSIVE destroyed. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures, with larger structures damaged by floating debris. Terrain may be flooded well inland. More extensive curtainwall failures with some complete roof u 4 EXTREME structure failure on small residences. Major erosion of beach areas. Terrain may be flooded well inland. " Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings. Some complete building failures with small utility �.,.., CATASTROPHIC buildings blown over or away. Flooding causes major damage to lower floors of all structures near the shoreline. MassiveS' evacuation of residential areas may be required. Source:National Hurricane Center;Federal Emergency Management Agency The Saffir-Simpson scale provides a measure of extent of a hurricane. The county is susceptible to the full force of every category of hurricane. Impact: 4—Catastrophic Historical Occurrences According to the Office of Coastal Management's Tropical Cyclone Storm Segments data,which is a subset of the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) dataset, 33 hurricanes and tropical storms made landfall in Monroe County between 1900 and 2016. These storm tracks are shown in Figure 4.12. The date, storm name, storm category, and maximum wind speed of each event are detailed in Table 4.25. It should be noted that Hurricane Irma made landfall in Monroe County on September 10, 2017, but Irma was not included in updated data sets at the time this report was made. Irma was a category 4 hurricane when it hit the County with max wind speeds of 133 miles per hour. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.12—Hurricane/Tropical Storm Tracks within 50 miles of Monroe County, 1900-2016 Hillsborough Pinellas Indlan.RiveY Manatee Hardee Okeechobee St.Lucie Highlands Sarasota Desoto Martin Glades Charlotte Palm Beach Lee Hendry i 41 l Collier Broward a, Miami-Dad ' Monroe e r , _ er t4 Marathon ' Islamoratla Layton y �r Key,Col na y Beach het Key West - +a\ 0 10 20 30 40 Legend N Miles - Extratropical Storm Category 3 Municipalities Category 1 Category 5 Ma Created s:crnS Tropical Storm Category 4 ,- Date Created:V5 ii202C1 c`„ Monroe County WO�d. N11A$O r Esii onr eCounty. F�. oaa Category 2 Counties Source:NOAA Office of Coastal Management Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Table 4.25—Landfalling Tropical Cyclone in Monroe County, 1900-2016 Date Storm Name Max Storm Category* Max Wind Speed(mph) 10/17/1904 Unnamed Category 1 81 10/20/1904 Unnamed Tropical Storm 40 6/17/1906 Unnamed Category 1 81 10/18/1906 Unnamed Category 3 121 10/11/1909 Unnamed Category 3 115 5/14/1916 Unnamed Tropical Storm 40 11/15/1916 Unnamed Extratropical Storm 63 8/13/1928 Unnamed Tropical Storm 69 9/28/1929 Unnamed Category 3 115 8/30/1932 Unnamed Tropical Storm 63 9/3/1935 Unnamed Category 5 184 11/4/1935 Unnamed Category 2 98 7/29/1936 Unnamed Tropical Storm 63 10/6/1941 Unnamed Category 1 86 9/15/1945 Unnamed Category 4 132 10/12/1947 Unnamed Category 1 92 9/22/1948 Unnamed Category 4 132 10/5/1948 Unnamed Category 2 104 10/15/1956 Unnamed Tropical Storm 58 10/14/1964 Isbell Category 3 127 9/8/1965 Betsy Category 3 127 10/4/1966 Inez Category 1 86 8/19/1976 Dottie Tropical Storm 40 8/16/1981 Dennis Tropical Storm 40 10/12/1987 Floyd Category 1 75 8/24/1992 Andrew Category 5 167 11/15/1994 Gordon Tropical Storm 52 9/25/1998 Georges Category 2 104 10/15/1999 Irene Category 1 75 8/26/2005 Katrina Category 1 81 8/30/2006 Ernesto Tropical Storm 46 8/18/2008 Fay Tropical Storm 58 7/23/2010 Bonnie Tropical Storm 40 *Reports the most intense category that occurred at landfall or within close proximity to Monroe County,not for the storm event overall. The above map of storms is not an exhaustive list of hurricanes that have affected Monroe County.Several storms have not made landfall in the County,yet had strong enough wind or rain impacts to cause impacts. NCEI records hurricane and tropical storm events across the region by county and zone; therefore, one event that impacts multiple jurisdictions may be recorded multiple times. During the 20-year period from 2000 through 2019, NCEI records 18 hurricane and tropical storm reports across 24 separate days. These events are summarized in Table 4.26. This table only represents those events reported to NCEI as a Hurricane or Tropical Storm. Where property damage estimates were broken out by type, NCEI reports only the value of wind-related damages. While Hurricane Irma is not reported by NCEI as a Hurricane or Tropical Storm,and there are no reported damages for Hurricane Irma entries categorized as Storm Surge, this event still had a significant impact on the County. No official monetary figures have been reported, however Monroe County reports over 1,000 homes were destroyed and almost 3,000 suffered major damage. In total, 50 Florida counties were included in the disaster declaration and eligible for individual Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT assistance. FEMA has approved over $1 billion individual and household program dollars across these counties. Table 4.26—Recorded Hurricanes and Typhoons in Monroe County, 2000-2019 Date Storm Deaths/Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage 9/13/2001 Tropical Storm Gabrielle 1/0 $0 0 11/4-11/5/2001 Hurricane Michelle 0/0 $0 0 8/11/2004 Hurricane Charley 0/0 $160,000 160000 9/1/2004 Hurricane Frances 0/0 $20,000 20000 9/12/2004 Hurricane Ivan 0/0 $0 0 9/24/2004 Hurricane Jeanne 0/0 $5,000 5000 6/9-6/10/2005 Tropical Storm Arlene 0/0 $90,000 90000 7/8/2005 Hurricane Dennis 1/0 $7,150,000 7150000 8/26/2005 Hurricane Katrina 0/0 $6,900,000 6900000 9/20/2005 Hurricane Rita 0/0 $0 0 10/23/2005 Hurricane Wilma 0/2 $33,000,000 99000000 8/29-8/30/2006 Tropical Storm Ernesto 0/0 $200 200 8/17-8/18/2008 Tropical Storm Fay 0/2 $2,800,000 8400000 8/30/2008 Hurricane Gustav 1/0 $0 0 9/8-9/9/2008 Hurricane Ike 0/0 $13,500,000 26000000 8/25/2012 Tropical Storm Isaac 0/0 $2,170,000 2170000 10/24-10/25/2012 Hurricane Sandy 0/0 $4,000 4000 9/3/2018 Tropical Storm Gordon 0/0 $500 500 Total 3/4 $65,799,700 $0 Source:NCEI Storm Surge As a coastal area, Monroe County is exceptionally vulnerable to storm surge caused by hurricanes and tropical storms. Table 4.27 further details storm surge events that have impacted Monroe County in the 20-year period from 2000 to 2019. Event narratives following this table provide a fuller scope of the impacts from selected wind and storm surge events. Table 4.13 further illustrates losses due to flood in Monroe County; the exceptionally high number of NFIP claims in the years 2005 and 2017 illustrate the destructive force of storm surge associated with hurricanes. Table 4.27—Recorded Storm Surge events in Monroe County,2000-2019 Date Storm Deaths/Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage 6/10/2005 Tropical Storm Arlene 0/0 $0 $0 9/20/2005 Hurricane Rita 0/1 $0 $0 10/24/2005 Hurricane Wilma 0/0 $0 $0 8/19/2008 Tropical Storm Fay 0/0 $1,000,000 $0 8/31/2008 Hurricane Gustav 0/0 $0 $0 9/10/2008 Hurricane Ike 0/0 $1,300,000 $0 10/26/2012 Hurricane Sandy 0/0 $1,000 $0 9/9-9/10/2017 Hurricane Irma 1/0 0 $0 Total 0/0 $2,301,000 $0 Source:NCEI Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT August 11, 2004— During the evening of August 12, Hurricane Charley moved north through the Florida Straits, the Keys east of the Seven Mile Bridge, and into Florida Bay. Peak wind gusts to 64 mph were recorded at Sombrero Key Light, 61 mph at Long Key and 54 mph at Molasses Reef C-MAN stations during this convective band,along with reported wind gust to 52 mph from a spotter on Duck Key. Damage along the island chain from Marathon through Ocean Reef was limited to downed tree limbs, power lines and unreinforced signs, and almost entirely from the convective band. Beginning around 3:30 AM EST, strong gradient winds began in the Lower Keys and Dry Tortugas. Peak wind gusts of 62 mph were recorded at Sand Key C-MAN station, with gusts to 58 mph at Key West International Airport. Peak wind measurements of 46 to 52 mph were measured along the island chain from Boca Chica Key through Summerland Key. Wind damage including a few uprooted and snapped trees, large tree limbs, power lines,fences and unreinforced signs. A sailboat broke loose from moorings around 7:30 AM EST on August 13,striking a phase of a 115 kilovolt transmission line serving the lower Keys, causing a widespread power outage west of Marathon through Key West. Maximum storm surge was estimated to near 6 feet at Dry Tortugas/Garden Key. Wave action produced extensive flooding of the park grounds outside of the Fort Jefferson walls. Approximately 1000 feet of brickwork was lost on the outer moat wall, which was completely submerged at the time of high tide. Numerous finger docks and the deck of the main dock were destroyed. Scaffolding used during the Fort's multi-year renovation project was also damaged and found floating in the moat. The Dry Tortugas C-MAN station,which included instrumentation less than 15 feet above mean sea level,was also destroyed, likely from the combination of wave action and elevated tide levels. Maximum storm surge was estimated at one foot above normal at Key West. Wave action produced minor coastal flooding along the oceanfront. An estimated 11,000 visitors evacuated the Keys, causing an estimated tourism loss of 5.3 million dollars. September 1, 2004 — As Hurricane Frances tracked from the northwest Bahamas through the central Florida peninsula, several outer rain bands crossed the Florida Keys producing short episodes of strong wind gusts. A peak wind gust of 93 mph was measured at the Sombrero Key Light C-MAN station, at an elevation of over 150 feet above mean sea level. Other notable wind gusts included 63 mph at Sand Key C-MAN and 68 mph at Molasses Reef C-MAN. Over land, peak wind gusts included 54 mph at the U.S. Coast Guard Group Key West, and 51 mph at the Key West Harbor. Stronger wind gusts were estimated along the south side of Marathon, near Flamingo Island, and in the squall that produced the extreme winds at Sombrero Key Light. These winds tore screens in porches in isolated fashion from Big Pine Key through Grassy Key and blew out plastic or vinyl panels of commercial signs in Marathon. Otherwise, damage was limited to downed tree limbs and minor power outages. As Frances passed to the north, strong northwest and west winds drove waters higher than normal along the Florida Bay shoreline up to 1 foot above normal at Vaca Key and estimated to near 2.5 feet above normal along the bayside of North Key Largo and Jewfish Creek. These tides produced minor flooding of side streets and a parking lot near Mile Marker 106 of the Overseas Highway. July 8, 2005— Hurricane Dennis passed within 75 miles southwest of Key West as a category 2 hurricane. Over the Monroe County. In the Lower Keys, maximum winds were sustained at 61 mph with gusts to 74 mph at Key West and 59 mph gusting to 78 mph at Sand Key. Unofficial wind gusts to 107 mph were reported at Cudjoe Key. Maximum storm tides were estimated to 4.5 feet above mean sea level on the Atlantic shore of Key West near the International Airport. One fatality occurred aboard a vessel moored at Stock Island due to drowning. No injuries were reported. Property damage estimated at$6.8M due to wind damage mainly to roofing, electrical equipment, landscaping and mobile homes, with estimated $100K due to combined wind and rain damages to the Key West Airport. Minimum pressure reported was 998.8 mb at Sand Key. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT In the Middle Keys, maximum rainfall was 2.00 inches at Curry Hammock State Park, east of Marathon. Maximum winds were 74 mph gusting to 87 mph at Sombrero Key Light. Maximum storm tides were estimated at 2 to 3 feet above mean sea level, producing minor flooding under elevated homes at Marathon. Damage was estimated at $250K from wind damage to commercial signs, landscaping and electrical equipment. In the Upper Keys, the maximum rainfall was 1.55 inches at Tavernier. Maximum Storm Tides were estimated at 2 to 3 feet above mean sea level, overtopping bulkheads and producing minor street flooding. Maximum winds were recorded at 59 mph gusting to 68 mph at Carysfort Reef Light. Damage was estimated at$100K mostly to landscaping and electric utility equipment. August 26, 2005 — Hurricane Katrina passed 40 miles north of Key West as a category one hurricane. Katrina passed 15 miles north Dry Tortugas National Park as a category 2 hurricane. Over the Monroe County Lower Keys, maximum winds were 62 mph with gusts to 77 mph at Sand Key. In the Middle Keys, Maximum winds were 67 mph with gusts to 80 mph at Sombrero Key Light, and in the Upper Keys, max winds were 61 mph with gusts to 77 mph at Molasses Reef Light. In Key West, rainfall totally 10.05 inches caused extensive street flooding and some residential flooding. At Curry Hammock State Park rainfall totaled 9.89 inches, resulting in widespread flooding. At John Pennekamp State Park in Key Largo, rainfall measured 5.94 inches. Storm tides were estimated at 2.5 feet above mean sea level at Key West, 1 foot at Molasses Reef Light, and 1.5 feet at Curry Hammock State park. Total property damage from the event in Monroe County was estimated at $6.9 million. $5 million of this damage was caused by a tornado in Marathon, and the remainder due to wind and rain damage. October 23, 2005 — The center of Hurricane Wilma moved northeast from the vicinity of Dry Tortugas northeast through 65 miles northwest of Key West during the night of October 23 to 24, 2005. Hurricane Wilma resulted in at least 2 injuries and at least$33 million in damages to Monroe County. In the Upper Keys, maximum winds were measured at 75 mph with gusts to 91 mph and averaged around 70 to 80 mph. In the Middle Keys, maximum winds measured 87 mph with gusts to 105 mph at Sombrero Key Light and averaged an estimated 80 to 90 mph. In the Lower Keys, maximum winds were measured at 71 mph with gusts to 83 mph before instrumentation failed. Peak wind gusts of 123 mph at Cudjoe Key and 133 mph at Dry Tortugas National park were recorded by spotters and park personnel.Overall,winds averaged 80 to 90 mph across the Lower Keys. Monroe County experienced general Category 1 Saffir Simpson damage from wind. Rainfall associated with the storm was fairly light, ranging from 1.5 inches at Pennekamp State Park to 2.39 inches at Duck Key. The most destructive aspect of Hurricane Wilma was the storm surge. In the Upper Keys, Wilma primarily produced one storm tide along the bayside ranging from 4 to 5 feet above sea level with the worst in Lower Matecumbe Key. North of Key Largo, U.S. Route 1 was temporarily flooded at least 3 inches. In the Middle Keys, Wilma caused two separate storm tides.The first was 3 feet above mean sea level along the south shore of Marathon. The second tide was up to 9.5 feet above mean sea level along the north shore of Marathon. At one point during the storm, the City of Marathon was completely under water. Most homes and businesses sustained damage by flooding of 2 to 4 feet with severe electrical, drywall and mold-related damages. Wilma also caused two separate storm tides in the Lower Keys. The first was 4.5 feet above mean sea level along the south shore of Key West.The second ranged from near 6 feet above mean sea level at Key West to 8.5 feet along the north shore of Big Coppitt Key, Cudjoe Key, and Big Pine Key. About 60 percent of Key West was under water, and nearly 12000 vehicles were flooded. Most homes sustained damage by flooding of 2 to 3 feet with severe electrical, drywall and mold-related damages. August 17, 2008 — Tropical Storm Fay moved north from Cuba, through the Florida Straits, and passed north through the Lower Florida Keys. Fay affected mainland Monroe when the storm made landfall on Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT August 191" near Cape Romano. Across the Upper Florida Keys, storm total rainfall ranged from 3.42 inches at Plantation Key to 4.38 inches at Islamorada. The highest sustained wind in the Upper Florida Keys was 37 mph with a peak gust of 53 mph recorded at Upper Matecumbe Key. A peak gust of 60 mph was recorded at the Islamorada Fire Station. Across the Middle Florida Keys, storm total rainfall ranged from 2.45 inches at Long Key to 7.27 inches at Marathon. The highest sustained wind in the Middle Florida Keys of 49 mph with a peak gust of 56 mph was recorded at Long Key. In the Lower Keys, storm total rainfall ranged from 3.35 inches at Key West International Airport to 7.05 inches at Ramrod Key. The highest sustained wind of 38 mph with a peak gust of 51 mph was recorded at Key West International Airport. A peak gust of 54 mph was recorded at Cudjoe Key. In mainland Monroe County, maximum sustained winds were estimated to be around 60mph at landfall and increased to around 65 mph. The Keys also experienced minor coastal storm tides during this event. In the Upper Keys such tides peaked at 2.5 feet above mean sea level along the south shore of Lower Matecumbe Key, equating to a storm surge less than one foot above astronomical tide levels. Similarly coastal storm tide peaked at 2.5 feet above mean sea level along the south shore of Marathon and in the Lower Keys. One direct serious injury due to wind-blown debris occurred in Marathon, but no fatalities were reported. 25,000 people, mainly visitors and nonresidents of the Florida Keys,were evacuated.Countywide Tourism losses were estimated at 8 to 10 million dollars. Damage and preparedness costs to government facilities and infrastructure totaled 2.8 million dollars, with about one million dollars due to coastal flooding damage to roads, and 200,000 dollars due to erosion. Approximately 120,000 dollars damaged occurred due to wind. 2 tornadoes occurred in the Lower Keys,with no structural damage reported. Total damage due to the tornadoes was approximately one thousand dollars. September 9-10, 2017 — Hurricane Irma made landfall over the Lower Florida Keys as a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Scale, with the eye crossing directly over Cudjoe Key. Due to the large radius of hurricane-force winds, destructive hurricane-force winds and storm surge impacted all of the Florida Keys. Extensive damage to residences, businesses, electric, water and communications utilities resulted. When Irma made landfall over Cudjoe Key, it had maximum sustained winds near 130 mph.The highest sustained winds in the Lower Florida Keys were measured at 70 mph at the Key West Harbor,with a peak measured gust at 120 mph at the Key Deer National Wildlife Refuge and a private residence on Big Pine Key. Storm survey evidence estimated the highest 3-second wind gusts on Big Pine Key and Scout Key, at 150 to 160 mph. Rainfall totals of 6 to 12 inches were measured at available rain gauges, with a maximum of 12.54 inches at the Key Deer Wildlife Refuge on Big Pine Key. Maximum storm surge in the Lower Florida Keys was measured at 5 to 8 feet from Sugarloaf Key through Duck Keys, with total water height reaching a maximum of 5 to 6 feet above ground level in eastern Big Pine Key,and wave wash marks up to 20 feet above mean high water along Long Beach Road on the south side of Big Pine Key. In the Middle Florida Keys, storm surge estimates of 5 to 8 feet were evident from Marathon and Key Colony Beach, Grassy Key, and Duck Key. Storm surge values of 3 to 5 feet were observed from Conch Key through Long Key and Layton. Total water height ranged from around 4 to 5 feet above ground level along the western edge of Marathon and Key Colony Beach to about 2 feet above ground level in Layton. In the Upper Keys, storm surge of 3 to 4 feet was observed throughout Islamorada through Ocean Reef,as well as along Barnes Sound near Manatee Bay. Total water heights were generally 2 to 4 feet above ground level. In the Upper Keys, flooding of oceanside residences and businesses up to 2 feet occurred. In the Middle Keys, numerous mobile homes were destroyed in Marathon as the storm surge pushed them off their foundations. In the Lower Keys, major damage to mobile homes and marinas was observed along the oceanside, especially from Ramrod Key, through Big Pine Key, through Ohio Key. The eastbound lanes of U.S. Highway 1 were washed out just east of the Bahia Honda State Park entrance. Many residences and Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT businesses were flooded at the maximum surge. More than 1,300 vessels were damaged or destroyed, requiring removal from the coastal waters. Differing reports detail injuries and fatalities attributed to the storm differently. NCEI reports a total of 10 fatalities —4 of which were directly attributed to the storm — and 40 direct injuries. Direct reports from Monroe County and the incorporated jurisdictions list no deaths(Layton, Key Colony Beach, Islamorada), 3 deaths (Key West), and 13 deaths (Monroe). Key West also reported 6 injuries. The list below summarizes other damages reported by the County and incorporated jurisdictions: 85% of housing stock impacted, more than 4,000 homes destroyed or damaged (Monroe County); Commercial lobster industry lost$3.7 million in traps, estimated economic loss of$38.9 million; 80% of businesses suffered extended losses; Tourism industry($2.7 billion) suffered long term impacts; Extended power outages (11 days in most areas, up to 20 days to restore entire grid), some water system impacts; Airports, schools, re-entry, and ports closed for as little as 7 and up to 15 days; $25 million in property damages and $12 million in infrastructure damage, $16 million in economic impacts. NFIP flood damage claims paid $12.4 million (Key West); 1 destroyed commercial building, 30 majorly damaged commercial buildings, 83 minorly damaged commercial buildings, 193 destroyed homes, 355 majorly damaged homes, 766 minorly damaged homes. Probability of Future Occurrence In the 20-year period from 2000 through 2019, 18 hurricanes and tropical storms have impacted Monroe County,which equates to a 90 percent annual probability of hurricane winds impacting the planning area in any given year.This probability does not account for impacts from hurricane rains or storm surge,which may also be severe. The probability of a hurricane or tropical storm impacting Monroe County is likely. Figure 4.13 shows, for any location, the chance of a hurricane or tropical storm affecting the area sometime during the Atlantic hurricane season. The figure was created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Hurricane Research Division, using data from 1944 to 1999. The figure shows the number of times a storm or hurricane was located within approximately 100 miles (165 kilometers) of a given spot in the Atlantic basin. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.13—Empirical Probability of a Named Hurricane or Tropical Storm 50N ----- .. . 6 12 12 1 d 45N 18� D - —��24 40N its 35N 5 'I R �r5 30N 42— fifl _�42 ---...6- ------ . ; 24 1 ' 36 25N 4a 48 42_ 5f {30fff 35 30� 18 20N 42 0 �� - ------ # 427 M 24 15N 2�4 x 42� 18 Z —6 1� ,I• �� 30 2+ 10N io2 1d i2 --- � 6 5N ; r 90w Bow 76w 60W 5 W 4W 30w 20w 6 1 7 18 �)4 T1D 36 47 48 54 EO Source:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,Hurricane Research Division Florida has over 8,000 miles of coastline that often gets hit by direct storms. The state is very vulnerable to the impacts of hurricanes and tropical storms as detailed in this section. Substantial hurricane damage is typically most likely to be expected in the coastal counties of the state; however, hurricane and tropical storm-force winds have significantly impacted areas far inland. Probability:3—Likely Climate Change Monroe County's coastal location makes it a prime target for hurricane landfalls and changing climate and weather conditions may increase the number and frequency of future hurricane events. Hurricanes and other coastal storms may result in increased flooding, injuries, deaths, and extreme property loss. According to the US Government Accountability Office, national storm losses from changing frequency and intensity of storms is projected to increase anywhere from $4-6 billion soon. According to NOAA, weather extremes will likely cause more frequent, stronger storms in the future due to rising surface temperatures. NOAA models predict that while there may be less frequent, low-category storm events (Tropical Storms, Category 1 Hurricanes), there will be more, high-category storm events (Category 4 and 5 Hurricanes) in the future.This means that there may be fewer hurricanes overall in any Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT given year, but when hurricanes do form, it is more likely that they will become large storms that can create massive damage. Warning and Evacuation Procedures Warning Monroe County Emergency Management employs Alert!Monroe mass notification system to share emergency notifications with residents quickly. Messages are pushed out to residents on preferred primary and secondary contact paths, including cell phone, SMS/text, home phone, or email. Residents listed in public phonebook databases are automatically subscribed, but the County encourages residents to self-register cell phones and emails. The system can provide alerts to all users in the County as well as tailored information to specific geographical areas and neighborhoods. Evacuation Per Monroe County 's 2017 Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, the County is the most vulnerable area in the United States to the threat of tropical cyclones. The low-lying islands that make up the Florida Keys are connected by 42 bridges and one single thoroughfare, the Overseas Highway or U.S. 1. For these reasons, an evacuation plan is especially necessary. The county has five main evacuation objectives: Return of non-residents to the mainland; Promote early voluntary evacuation; Relocate vulnerable populations; Selective evacuation of specific zones; and Phased, general evacuation to mainland. Various factors are considered when the Director of Emergency Management decides to implement a mandatory phased evacuation and how far in advance to do so. Historic trends illustrate base clearance times for evacuating the keys ranges from 24 to 48 hours, with a minimum of 12 hours and a maximum of 30-plus hours. Another factor to consider is the time of year based on population changes due to tourism. For Tropical Storms and Category 1 and 2 hurricanes, all visitors will be asked to evacuate out of the County, Special Needs residents will be transported to an in-county shelter or out of the County to the Monroe County shelter at Florida International University, and mobile home residents will either be sheltered in-county or asked to evacuate. For a category 3 storm or greater, a phased evacuation is implemented, including all visitors, hospitals, special needs residents, and the general population. The evacuation timeline is as follows: Approximately 48 hours in advance of tropical storm winds, mandatory evacuation is initiated for non-residents, visitors, recreational vehicles, travel trailers, live-aboards, and military personnel. Approximately 36 hours in advance of tropical storm winds, mandatory evacuation is initiated for mobile home residents, special needs residents, and hospital and nursing home patients. Approximately 24 to 30 hours in advance of tropical storm winds, mandatory phased evacuation of permanent residents is initiated. The phased evacuation is accomplished through the determination of zones. The five zones, as seen in Figure 4.14, allow for selective evacuation, phased evacuation, and in-county shelter options. The five zones are as follows: Zone 1: City of Key West, including Stock Island and Key Haven, to the Boca Chica Bridge (U.S. 1 Mile Marker (MM) 1—MM 6) Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Zone 2: Boca Chica Bridge to the west edge of the 7-Mile Bridge (MM6-MM40) Zone 3: West end of the 7-Mile Bridge to the end of Long Key Bridge (MM40-MM63) Zone 4: West end of the Long Key Bridge to the confluence of CR 905 and 905A(3-way stop) (MM63-MM106) Zone 5: CR 905A to and including Ocean Reef(MM106-MM126.5) Although mainland Monroe is not heavily populated, National Parks Services employees and their families who reside there would evacuate to hurricane rated hotels, motels, or facilities and private residents would evacuate to Miami-Dade shelters. The sequence of the evacuation by zone may vary by individual storms. This evacuation plan applies to all municipalities to ensure safety of all county residents. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Ad SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.14—Hurricane Evacuation Zones B rowa rd Collier S Miami-Dade `1 I � Monroe i e I t , t , I I ar, 1 r , r N 3 1 e • o h � � �o A • e � e'O 1 °4" Islamorada Marathon Layton � � t 1 Key Colony Beach "" c � A o Key West 0 8 16 24 32 Legend Miles Evacuation Zones r`,',_1 Monroe County Map Created By:LAW AV Highways Counties Date Created:6/11!2020 wood. Sources:Esn FEPAA Monroe caimy,FL d;? Municipalities Mnnrna County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Vulnerability Assessment People The very young, the elderly and the handicapped are especially vulnerable to harm from hurricanes. For those who are unable to evacuate for medical reasons, there should be provision to take care of special- needs patients and those in hospitals and nursing homes. Many of these patients are either oxygen- dependent, insulin-dependent, or in need of intensive medical care. There is a need to provide ongoing treatment for these vulnerable citizens, either on the coast or by air evacuation to upland hospitals. The stress from disasters such as a hurricane can result in immediate and long-term physical and emotional health problems among victims. Individuals in mobile homes are more vulnerable to hurricane winds, especially if their unit does not have tie downs and other wind safety measures. This is further evidenced by Monroe County's emphasis on evacuating manufactured home residents. Overall,there are 6,849 mobile home units in Monroe County, making up almost 13% of the County's total housing stock. Over 16 percent of the housing stock in Marathon is mobile home units. Additionally, there are over 5,000 mobile home units in unincorporated Monroe County, again making up close to 13 percent of the total housing stock. These communities may face more severe impacts from hurricane events as a result. Table 4.28 shows mobile home units by jurisdiction. Table 4.28—Mobile Home Units by Jurisdiction, 2018 Jurisdiction Total Housing Units Mobile Home Units Mobile Home Units, Percent of Total City of Key Colony Beach 1,421 0 0% City of Key West 5,206 493 3.6% City of Layton 181 0 0% City of Marathon 5,919 958 16.2% Village of Islamorada 6,055 162 2.7% Unincorporated Monroe County 34,641 5,236 12.8% Total 53,423 6,849 12.8% Source:American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates,2018 Estimated Shelter Needs The Hazus analyses performed for this vulnerability assessment estimate the number of households that are expected to be displaced from their homes due to various hurricane risks as well as the number of displaced people that will require accommodations in temporary public shelters. Table 4.29 below summarizes shelter needs for a storm event similar to Hurricane Irma, as well as probabilistic 50-, 100-, and 200-year hurricane events. Table 4.29—Estimated Shelter Needs, Hurricane Scenarios, Monroe County Event Type Displaced Households Residents in Need of Temporary Shelter Hurricane Irma Equivalent 487 257 50-year hurricane event 3,236 1,538 100-year hurricane event 7,232 3,548 200-year hurricane event 1 13,226 1 7,017 Source:Hazus Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Property Hurricanes can cause catastrophic damage to coastlines and several hundred miles inland. Hurricanes can produce winds exceeding 157 mph as well as tornadoes and microbursts. Additionally, hurricanes often bring intense rainfall that can result in flash flooding. Floods and flying debris from the excessive winds are often the deadly and most destructive results of hurricanes. Two Hazus level 1 analyses were used to determine hurricane risk. The first simulated the wind losses experienced during Hurricane Irma in 2017.The second was based on probabilistic parameters for the 50- year, 100-year, and 200-year return periods. This analysis produced estimates of the likelihood of varying levels of damage as well as building-related economic losses. Note that Hazus only assesses hurricane wind and does not account for any other hazards associated with hurricane. Table 4.30 provides the likelihood of damage at varying levels of severity by occupancy type expected for a storm of magnitude similar to Hurricane Irma (2017). Table 4.31 provides the likelihood of damage at varying levels of severity by occupancy type during three probabilistic hurricane events-a 50-year, 100- year, and 200-year return period. During an event of magnitude similar to Hurricane Irma's, more than 31% of buildings in the County are estimated to potentially sustain damages. 37%, 43%, and 64% of buildings in the county are likely to sustain damage during the 50-year, 100-year, and 500-year return period events, respectively. Table 4.30-Likelihood of Damage by Severity and Occupancy, Hurricane Irma Equivalent Buildings Likelihood of Damage(%) Occupancy at Risk Value at Risk None Minor Moderate Severe Destruction Agriculture 151 $40,123,000 64.07% 20.05% 9.45% 5.37% 1.06% Commercial 7,946 $2,115,305,000 66.48% 17.77% 12.22% 3.46% 7.00% Education 284 $75,257,000 67.71% 17.81% 10.73% 3.74% 0.00% Government 506 $134,552,000 63.65% 18.72% 12.84% 4.79% 0.00% Industrial 988 $262,460,000 67.31% 17.06% 11.01% 4.44% 18.00% Religion 671 $178,320,000 66.27% 20.68% 9.81% 3.24% 0.00% Residential 36,730 $9,778,592,000 69.19% 21.41% 7.70% 1.06% 0.63% Total 47,277 $12,584,609,000 68.88% 21.06% 8.09% 1.32% 0.58% Source:Hazus Table 4.31-Likelihood of Damage by Severity and Occupancy, 50-, 100-, and 500-year Hurricane Event Buildings Likelihood of Damage(%) Occupancy at Risk Value at Risk None Minor Moderate Severe I Destruction 50-year Hurricane Event Agriculture 151 $40,123,000 50.60% 11.97% 11.81% 17.23% 8.40% Commercial 7,946 $2,115,305,000 63.30% 7.48% 10.27% 16.11% 2.84% Education 284 $75,257,000 64.58% 5.59% 7.03% 20.65% 2.15% Government 506 $134,552,000 70.40% 4.87% 5.91% 17.11% 1.70% Industrial 988 $262,460,000 61.74% 7.59% 9.75% 19.08% 1.84% Religion 671 $178,320,000 58.93% 8.45% 10.23% 19.56°% 2 82°% Residential 36,730 $9,778,592,000 62.27% 13.01% 10.49% 7.36% 6.87% Total 47,277 $12,584,609,000 62.26% 12.48% 10.44% 8.28% 6.47% 100-year Hurricane Event Agriculture 151 $40,123,000 52.82% 8.20% 8.35% 20.49% 10.14% Commercial 7,946 $2,115,305,000 65.05% 5.90% 6.58% 18.63% 3.64% Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Buildings Likelihood of Damage(%) Occupancy at Risk Value at Risk None Minor Moderate Severe Destruction Education 284 $75,257,000 63.45% 5.69% 5.68% 23.25% 1.92% Government 506 $134,552,000 62.39% 5.43% 5.03% 25.36% 1.79% Industrial 988 $262,460,000 61.54% 6.17% 6.25% 23.79% 2.25% Religion 671 $178,320,000 61.09% 6.15% 6.76% 22.26% 3.73% Residential 36,730 $9,778,592,000 56.11% 8.26% 8.53% 12.21% 14.89% Total 47,277 $12,584,609,000 56.80% 8.04% 8.33% 12.98% 13.78% 500-year Hurricane Event Agriculture 151 $40,123,000 43.67% 6.98% 14.22% 25.82% 9.32% Commercial 7,946 $2,115,305,000 34.71% 5.31% 14.89% 41.48% 3.61% Education 284 $75,257,000 32.85% 5.72% 13.68% 46.93% 0.82% Government 506 $134,552,000 23.11% 5.38% 14.26% 56.45% 0.81% Industrial 988 $262,460,000 37.54% 4.51% 11.46% 44.22% 2 27% Religion 671 $178,320,000 32.84% 7.62% 17.76% 40.14% 1.63% Residential 36,730 $9,778,592,000 35.93% 10.50% 18.92% 20.92% 13.72% Total 47,277 $12,584,609,000 35.81% 10.00% 18.48% 22.93% 12.71% Source:Hazus Table 4.32 details estimated property damages from a replication of Hurricane Irma by occupancy type. Table 4.33 details estimated property damages from the 50-year, 100-year, and 200-year hurricane wind events by occupancy type. Table 4.32-Estimated Property Damages, Hurricane Irma Replication Area Residential I Commercial Industrial Others Total Hurricane Irma(2017) Replication Building $295,867,820 $45,968,780 $5,819,990 $8,186,850 $355,843,450 Content $57,902,090 $23,420,530 $3,896,930 $4,222,040 $89,441,580 Inventory $0 $639,190 $649,190 $71,360 $1,359,740 Total $353,769,910 $70,028,500 $10,366,110 $12,480,250 $446,644,770 Source:Hazus Table 4.33-Estimated Property Damages, 50-year, 100-year, and 200-year Hurricane Wind Events Area I Residential Commercial Industrial Others Total 50-year Hurricane Event Building $1,349,635,860 $308,503,350 $38,937,140 $50,241,060 $1,747,317,410 Content $537,468,140 $269,549,620 $39,701,570 $40,462,630 $887,181,970 Inventory $0 $6,052,050 $5,800,650 $684,910 $12,537,600 Total $1,887,104,000 $584,105,020 $84,439,360 $91,388,600 $2,647,036,980 100-year Hurricane Event Building $2,246,519,460 $339,447,440 $45,412,820 $65,381,520 $2,696,761,240 Content $935,483,100 $295,858,810 $44,360,440 $52,965,380 $1,328,667,730 Inventory $0 $6,336,580 $6,769,360 $771,590 $13,877,530 Total $3,182,002,560 $641,642,830 $96,542,620 $119,118,490 $4,039,306,500 200-year Hurricane Event Building $2,967,205,030 $585,366,870 $71,563,520 $120,026,750 $3,744,162,160 Content $1,187,573,710 $447,543,370 $65,061,560 $91,654,720 $1,791,833,360 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Area Residential Commercial Industrial Others Total Inventory $0 $9,800,230 $10,457,540 $691,130 $20,948,890 Total $4,154,778,740 $1,042,710,470 $147,082,620 $212,372,600 $5,556,944,410 Source:Hazus Estimated property damages for an event similar to Hurricane Irma (2017) total $446,644,770 according to this Hazus level 1 analysis. This equates to a loss ratio of 3.5 percent. Estimated losses for a 50-year, 100-year, and 200-year probabilistic wind event total $2,647,036,980, $4,039,306,500, and $5,556,944,410, respectively;this equates to a loss ratio of 21 percent for a 50-year event, 32 percent for a 100-year event, and 44 percent for a 200-year return period event. These loss ratios are determined by dividing total estimated losses (from Table 4.32 and Table 4.33) by the total value at risk in the County (from Table 4.30 and Table 4.31). Estimates from a Hazus level 1 analysis are based on 2018 ACS 1-year estimates, and actual losses or loss ratios may be higher depending on development changes in recent years. FEMA considers a loss ratio of 10 percent or more to be an indicator that a community will have significant difficulty recovering from an event. The 50-year, 100-year, or 500-year event will cause significant difficulties for recovery. Damages from an actual hurricane event would likely also involve storm surge and flood impacts that would raise the damage total. Therefore, even a 100-year hurricane event may cause more serious damages that what is reported here from Hazus. Table 4.34 below summarizes the number of parcels impacted by storm surge associated with Category 1 through Category 5 hurricanes. Parcels are counted only once for the lowest category storm they will be affected by; it can be assumed that a parcel affected by storm surge associated with a Category 1 hurricane is also impacted by a Category 2 storm surge. Table 4.34-Storm Surge Impacts by Hurricane Category, Monroe County Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Occupancy Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Total Total Total Total Total Commercial 750 30.4% 663 26.9% 240 9.7% 43 1.7% 3 0.1% Education 26 52.0% 15 30.0% 5 10.0% 3 6.0% 0 0.0% Government 75 1 31.0% 125 51.7% 1 22 9.1% 1 6 2.5% 1 1 0.4% Industrial 51 33.6% 68 44.7% 19 12.5% 6 3.9% 0 0.0% Religious 39 48.8% 32 40.0% 8 10.0% 1 1.3% 0 0.0% Residential 15,133 39.6% 15,210 39.8% 3,553 9.3% 933 2.4% 42 0.1% Total 16,074 39.0% 1 16,113 39.1% 3,847 9.3% 992 2.4% 46 0.1% Source:NOAA SLOSH Data,Monroe County Parcels,2020 Note:Percent of total based off of total parcels in the County from Section 4.4.1 Due to the limitations of a Hazus level 1 analysis, damage estimates for critical facilities could not be calculated. Given equal vulnerability to hurricane winds across all of Monroe County, all critical facilities are considered to be at risk. Certain buildings may perform better than others based on their age and construction, among other factors. Depending on their locations, critical facilities may also be at risk to storm surge flooding. Critical infrastructure, including the Keys' energy transmission pipelines, could also be impacted by hurricane winds. Estimated Debris Generation Hazus estimates the total amount of debris that will be generated by a hurricane, breaking the debris down into four general categories: Brick/Wood, Reinforce Concrete/Steel, Eligible Tree Debris, and Other Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Tree Debris. Hazus also estimates the number of trucks needed to remove the building debris, assuming 25 tons of debris per truck. Table 4.35 summarizes debris and trucks needed by storm event. Table 4.35-Estimated Debris Generation (tons) Tree Debris Brick/ Concrete/ Building Event Type Wood Steel Total Debris Eligible Other Truckloads Hurricane Irma Equivalent 1,167 29,989 52,107 1,065 84,328 2,127 50-year hurricane event 2,674 87,896 293,939 32,485 416,994 13,057 100-year hurricane event 1,503 3,258 513,206 69,183 587,150 23,296 200-year hurricane event 1,348 3,811 595,462 61,297 661,918 26,270 Source:Hazus Economy The disruption of the local economy is an anticipated consequence of hurricanes that directly effects Monroe County. Beyond debris generation and destruction of property that require monetary inputs to haul away and rebuild, hurricanes and tropical storms have other significant impacts on the Monroe County economy.The primary industries in the Keys-retail,service,tourism, and fishing-are all likely to be negatively impacted by a hurricane or tropical storm. Any event causing visitors to stay away would result in losses to local businesses as well as tax revenue for the local economy. Any event that causes a power outage or damage to U.S. 1 is likely to have such impacts on tourism. Further, it has been noted that the perception of damage that lingers after recovery period may continue to keep visitors away. Additionally, the fishing industry would suffer from loss of power (for ice production), loss of communication infrastructure, and damage to U.S. 1 (transport to the mainland. Hazus reports the business interruption losses for a Hurricane Irma equivalent as well as a 50-, 100-, and 200-year probabilistic hurricane wind event as follows: Table 4.36-Business Interruption Losses, Hurricane Event Scenarios, Monroe County Business Interruption Residential I Commercial I Industrial I Others Total Hurricane Irma Equivalent Income $756,930 $7,492,920 $73,780 $354,900 $8,678,540 Relocation $36,586,280 $9,973,330 $671,820 $2,018,020 $49,249,450 Rental Income $20,690,580 $5,751,650 $75,260 $287,720 $26,805,210 Wage $1,772,490 $6,842,360 $125,370 $4,032,800 $12,773,020 Total $59,806,280 $30,060,260 $946,230 $6,693,440 $97,506,220 50-year Hurricane Event Income $14,012,270 $76,996,930 $548,740 $663,510 $92,221,440 Relocation $162,377,870 $45,144,630 $2,531,460 $8,519,930 $218,573,900 Rental Income $81,103,390 $30,811,700 $434,860 $1,213,700 $113,563,650 Wage $32,819,250 $73,259,720 $922,890 $3,379,100 $110,380,950 Total $290,312,780 $226,212,980 $4,437,950 $13,776,240 $534,739,940 100-year Hurricane Event Income $11,204,480 $84,445,860 $636,200 $795,000 $97,081,530 Relocation $276,104,730 $48,490,730 $2,851,850 $11,017,200 $338,464,500 Rental Income $113,634,130 $33,744,450 $482,520 $1,795,960 $149,657,060 Wage $26,237,160 $80,738,080 $1,092,600 $4,790,760 $112,858,600 Total $427,180,500 $247,419,120 $5,063,170 $18,398,920 $698,061,690 200-year Hurricane Event Income $24,315,020 $172,205,510 $1,053,740 $1,142,810 1 $198,717,090 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Business Interruption Residential Commercial Industrial Others Total Relocation $356,330,020 $91,583,860 $4,783,350 $22,757,950 $475,455,190 Rental Income $172,731,980 $64,043,540 $811,530 $4,079,760 $241,666,820 Wage $56,945,300 $160,605,890 $1,813,630 $13,060,800 $232,425,620 Total $610,322,320 $488,438,800 $8,462,250 $41,041,320 $1,148,264,720 Source:Hazus Environment Hurricane winds can cause massive damage to the natural environment, uprooting trees and other debris within the storm's path. Animals can either be killed directly by the storm or impacted indirectly through changes in habitat and food availability caused by high winds and intense rainfall. Endangered species can be dramatically impacted. Forests can be completely defoliated by strong winds. Although South Florida ecosystems have adapted to episodic massive disturbances such as hurricanes, the growth of urban environments have altered the natural ecology and thus the ability for those ecosystems to respond and recover from these events. In the Keys, the predominantly coastal floodplain serves different functions than a traditional floodplain and responds to disturbances differently.Although hurricanes are necessary and natural occurrences for the maintenance of the unique natural environment, they can still cause significant damage. The mangroves, which provide protective buffers from wind and storm surge, marshes, pine rockland forests, hardwood hammocks, and reef systems are all important parts of this unique natural environment. Many of these features have suffered significant damage during prior hurricanes. During Hurricane Andrew, many of the mangroves in Everglades National park were damaged; delayed mortality meant this continued well past the end of the storm, a phenomenon that has been observed after prior storms as well.After Hurricane Wilma, storm surge was especially detrimental to the pine rockland forest throughout the Florida Keys National Wildlife Refuge. Additionally, virtually all pines on Cudjoe Key were killed along with high mortality of young and mature trees on Big Pine, Sugarloaf, and Little Torch Keys. Consequence Analysis Table 4.37 summarizes the potential negative consequences of hurricanes and tropical storms. Table 4.37—Consequence Analysis—Hurricane and Tropical Storm Category Consequences Public Impacts include injury or death, loss of property, outbreak of diseases, mental trauma and loss of livelihoods. Power outages and flooding are likely to displace people from their homes. Water can become polluted such that if consumed, diseases and infection can be easily spread. Residential, commercial, and public buildings,as well as critical infrastructure such as transportation,water,energy,and communication systems may be damaged or destroyed, resulting in cascading impacts on the public. Responders Localized impact expected to limit damage to personnel in the inundation area at the time of the incident. Continuity of Operations Damage to facilities/personnel from flooding or wind may require temporary (including Continued relocation of some operations. Operations may be interrupted by power outages. Delivery of Services) Disruption of roads and/or utilities may postpone delivery of some services. Regulatory waivers may be needed locally. Fulfillment of some contracts may be difficult. Impact may reduce deliveries. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 r SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Category Consequences Property, Facilities and Structural damage to buildings may occur; loss of glass windows and doors by high Infrastructure winds and debris; loss of roof coverings, partial wall collapses, and other damages requiring significant repairs are possible in a major(category 3 to 5) hurricane. Environment Hurricanes can devastate wooded ecosystems and remove all the foliation from forest canopies, and they can change habitats so drastically that the indigenous animal populations suffer as a result. Specific foods can be taken away as high winds will often strip fruits, seeds and berries from bushes and trees. Secondary impacts may occur; for example, high winds and debris may result in damage to an above- ground fuel tank, resulting in a significant chemical spill. Economic Condition of Local economy and finances adversely affected, possibly for an extended period, the Jurisdiction depending on damages. Intangible impacts also likely, including business interruption and additional living expenses. Public Confidence in the Likely to impact public confidence due to possibility of major event requiring Jurisdiction's Governance substantial response and long-term recovery effort. Associated Hazards Natural hazards are, more often than not, interconnected. Any given hazard may lead to, or be spurred by, another hazard —sometimes referred to as cascading disasters. Tropical Cyclones may be associated with: Storm Surge, Flood, Coastal Erosion, Sea Level Rise, and Tornado Changes in Development While increased development will not impact the incidence of hurricane wind, it will lead to more exposure, which in turn may increase risk. This is especially true for mobile home development, which is more at risk to wind. In Monroe County, mobile home development is limited by its ordinances — particularly limiting new mobile homes to designated mobile home parks and dictate the height at which these homes may be elevated. Like flooding, increased development will likely lead to increased impervious surfaces, which could potentially increase the impacts and patterns of storm surge. Because the County relies almost entirely on the Overseas Highway for evacuation purposes, any future development will impact evacuation time. The County has implemented a Rate of Growth Ordinance for both residential and non-residential development to keep evacuation time under 24 hours. Problem Statements The evacuation of the Florida Keys occurs entirely on US Highway 1—if this highway becomes impassable due to rain or other roadblocks, evacuation would become increasingly difficult. The County and participating jurisdictions must continue to prioritize vulnerable communities, including keeping the special needs registry used during evacuations up to date. There is continued concern that these groups may not respond to evacuation orders;transportation to the mainland is also a concern. The County and jurisdictions rely on shelters on the mainland during evacuation times— availability of shelter space within and outside of the County is a concern as the County and region grow. Communities with greater shares of mobile home units—such as Marathon and Unincorporated Monroe County—are more vulnerable to hurricane winds. Visitors to Monroe County during the summer months may burden evacuation times. The population of Monroe County increases during the late autumn and winter; late in hurricane season, this increase in population may overburden the shelter capacity. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 r SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT In Key West and Layton, greater than 90 percent of all parcels will likely be impacted by storm surge associated with a Category 2 hurricane. Hazard Summary by Jurisdiction The following table summarizes tropical cyclone hazard risk by jurisdiction. Due to its coastal geography, the entire county is susceptible to the impacts of hurricanes, tropical storms, and the associated storm surges and flooding. While hurricanes have the possibility of being catastrophic across all jurisdictions, certain areas have higher vulnerability. Impacts may be greater in more highly developed areas with greater amounts of impervious surface and higher exposure in terms of both property and population density. Areas with more mobile homes are also more vulnerable to damage, while areas with higher property values have greater overall exposure and potential for damages. Despite these differences, all jurisdictions have the possibility for catastrophic impacts. Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority Key Colony Beach 3 4 4 1 3 3.3 H Key West 3 4 4 1 3 3.3 H Layton 3 4 4 1 3 3.3 H Marathon 3 4 4 1 3 3.3 H Islamorada 3 4 4 1 3 3.3 H Unincorporated 3 4 4 1 3 3.3 H Monroe County Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 4.5.3 Severe Storms (Thunderstorm Wind, Lightning, and Hail) Hazard Probability Impact Spatial Warning Time Duration PRI Extent Score Severe Storms Highly Likely Limited Large Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 3.1 (Thunderstorm) Severe Storms Highly Likely Minor Negligible Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 2.2 (Lightning) Severe Storms (Hail) Highly Likely Minor Small Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 2.4 Hazard Description Thunderstorm Winds Thunderstorms result from the rapid upward movement of warm, moist air. They can occur inside warm, moist air masses and at fronts. As the warm, moist air moves upward, it cools, condenses, and forms cumulonimbus clouds that can reach heights of greater than 35,000 ft. As the rising air reaches its dew point, water droplets and ice form and begin falling the long distance through the clouds towards earth's surface.As the droplets fall,they collide with other droplets and become larger.The falling droplets create a downdraft of air that spreads out at earth's surface and causes strong winds associated with thunderstorms. There are four ways in which thunderstorms can organize: single cell, multi-cell cluster, multi-cell lines (squall lines), and supercells. Even though supercell thunderstorms are most frequently associated with severe weather phenomena,thunderstorms most frequently organize into clusters or lines.Warm, humid conditions are favorable for the development of thunderstorms. The average single cell thunderstorm is approximately 15 miles in diameter and lasts less than 30 minutes at a single location. However, thunderstorms, especially when organized into clusters or lines, can travel intact for distances exceeding 600 miles. Thunderstorms are responsible for the development and formation of many severe weather phenomena, posing great hazards to the population and landscape. Damage that results from thunderstorms is mainly inflicted by downburst winds, large hailstones, and flash flooding caused by heavy precipitation. Stronger thunderstorms can produce tornadoes and waterspouts. While conditions for thunderstorm conditions may be anticipated within a few hours, severe conditions are difficult to predict. Regardless of severity, storms generally pass within a few hours. Warning Time: 4—Less than six hours Duration: 1 —Less than six hours _i'g"IIt11i11'; Lightning is a sudden electrical discharge released from the atmosphere that follows a course from cloud to ground, cloud to cloud, or cloud to surrounding air, with light illuminating its path. Lightning's unpredictable nature causes it to be one of the most feared weather elements. All thunderstorms produce lightning, which often strikes outside of the area where it is raining and is known to fall more than 10 miles away from the rainfall area. When lightning strikes, electricity shoots through the air and causes vibrations creating the sound of thunder. A bolt of lightning can reach temperatures approaching 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Nationwide, lightning kills 75 to 100 people each year. Lightning strikes can also start building fires and wildland fires, and damage electrical systems and equipment. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 r SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT The watch/warning time for a given storm is usually a few hours. There is no warning time for any given lightning strike. Lightning strikes are instantaneous. Storms that cause lightning usually pass within a few hours. Warning Time: 4—Less than six hours Duration: 1 —less than six hours Mail According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), hail is precipitation that is formed when updrafts in thunderstorms carry raindrops upward into extremely cold areas of the atmosphere causing them to freeze. The raindrops form into small frozen droplets and then continue to grow as they encounter super-cooled water which will freeze on contact with the frozen rain droplet.This frozen rain droplet can continue to grow and form hail. If the updraft forces can support or suspend the weight of the hailstone, hail can continue to grow. At the time when the updraft can no longer support the hailstone, it will fall to the earth. For example, a %" diameter or pea sized hail requires updrafts of 24 mph, while a 2 %" diameter or baseball sized hail requires an updraft of 81 mph. The largest hailstone recorded in the United States was found in Vivian, South Dakota on July 23, 2010; it measured eight inches in diameter,almost the size of a soccer ball.While soccer-ball-sized hail is the exception, but even small pea sized hail can do damage. Hailstorms in Florida cause damage to property, crops, and the environment, and kill and injure livestock. In the United States, hail causes more than $1 billion in damage to property and crops each year. Much of the damage inflicted by hail is to crops. Even relatively small hail can shred plants to ribbons in a matter of minutes. Vehicles, roofs of buildings and homes, and landscaping are the other things most commonly damaged by hail. Hail has been known to cause injury to humans; occasionally,these injuries can be fatal. The onset of thunderstorms with hail is generally rapid. However, advancements in meteorological forecasting allow for some warning. Storms usually pass in a few hours. Warning Time: 4—Less than 6 hours Duration: 1 —Less than 6 hours Location Thunderstorm wind, lightning, and hail events do not have a defined vulnerability zone. The scope of lightning and hail is generally confined to the footprint of its associated thunderstorm. The entirety of Monroe County shares equal risk to the threat of severe weather. According to the Vaisala 2019 Annual Lightning Report, Florida had 228 lightning events per square mile, more than any other state.According to Vaisala's flash density map, shown in Figure 4.15, Monroe County is in an area that experiences 12 to 28 lightning flashes per square mile per year. It should be noted that future lightning occurrences may exceed these figures. Spatial Extent(Thunderstorm Winds):4—Large Spatial Extent(Lightning):1 —Negligible Hailstorms frequently accompany thunderstorms, so their locations and spatial extents coincide. Monroe County is uniformly exposed to severe thunderstorms; therefore, the entire planning area is equally exposed to hail which may be produced by such storms. However, large-scale hail tends to occur in a more localized area within the storm. Spatial Extent:2—Small Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.15—Lightning Flash Density(2008-2017) - F �T, .. .. a f ti ar dash Density Flashesfsq rnVyear C}S 2 erta vp ';{,` ■20 la 2b ,2 la 20 National Lightning Detection Network 3 to}8 2008-2017 ■ ,s IG z 1 O Io 1.5 � C. to 0.7$ VAISALA ®Valsela 20M All rights reserved.For display purposos only-any other use Is prohloitod wiloout prior written con"M from Valshla. Source: Vaisala Extent Thunderstorm Winds The magnitude of a thunderstorm event can be defined by the storm's maximum wind speed and its impacts. NCEI divides wind events into several types including High Wind, Strong Wind, Thunderstorm Wind, Tornado and Hurricane. For this severe weather risk assessment, High Wind, Strong Wind and Thunderstorm Wind data was collected. Hurricane Wind and Tornadoes are addressed as individual hazards. The following definitions come from the NCEI Storm Data Preparation document. High Wind —Sustained non-convective winds of 40mph or greater lasting for one hour or longer or winds (sustained or gusts) of 58 mph for any duration on a widespread or localized basis. Strong Wind — Non-convective winds gusting less than 58 mph, or sustained winds less than 40 mph, resulting in a fatality, injury, or damage. Thunderstorm Wind — Winds, arising from convection (occurring within 30 minutes of lightning being observed or detected), with speeds of at least 58 mph, or winds of any speed (non-severe thunderstorm winds below 58 mph) producing a fatality, injury or damage. The strongest recorded thunderstorm wind event in the county occurred on February 2, 1998 when a C- MAN instrument recorded a peak wind speed of 119 mph at Long Key. Elsewhere in the County, winds ranged from 46 mph to 96 mph. The event caused one fatality when a man was crushed between a boat and a dock, but no injuries or damages. Impact:2—Limited Lightning Lightning is measured by the Lightning Activity Level (LAL) scale, created by the NWS to define lightning activity into a specific categorical scale. The LAL is a common parameter that is part of fire weather forecasts nationwide. The scale is shown in Table 4.38. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Table 4.38—Lightning Activity Level Scale Lightning Activity Level Scale LAL 1 No thunderstorms LAL 2 Isolated thunderstorms. Light rain will occasionally reach the ground. Lightning is very infrequent, 1 to 5 cloud to ground lightning strikes in a five-minute period LAL 3 Widely scattered thunderstorms. Light to moderate rain will reach the ground. Lightning is infrequent,6 to 10 cloud to ground strikes in a five-minute period LAL 4 Scattered thunderstorms. Moderate rain is commonly produced. Lightning is frequent, 11 to 15 cloud to ground strikes in a five-minute period LAL 5 Numerous thunderstorms. Rainfall is moderate to heavy. Lightning is frequent and intense, greater than 15 cloud to ground strikes in a five-minute period LAL 6 Dry lightning(same as LAL 3 but without rain). This type of lightning has the potential for extreme fire activity and is normally highlighted in fire weather forecasts with a Red Flag warning Source: National Weather Service With the right conditions in place,the entire county is susceptible to each lightning activity level as defined by the LAL. Most lightning strikes cause limited damage to specific structures in a limited area, and cause very few injuries or fatalities, and minimal disruption on quality of life. While the total area vulnerable to a lightning strike corresponds to the footprint of a given thunderstorm, a specific lightning strike is usually a localized event and occurs randomly. It should be noted that while lightning is most often affiliated with severe thunderstorms, it may also strike outside of heavy rain and might occur as far as 10 miles away from any rainfall. All of Monroe County is exposed to lightning. Impact: 1 —Minor The NWS classifies hail by diameter size, and corresponding everyday objects to help relay scope and severity to the population. Table 4.39 indicates the hailstone measurements utilized by the NWS. Table 4.39—Hailstone Measurement Comparison Chart Average Diameter Corresponding Household Object .25 inch Pea .5 inch Marble/Mothball .75 inch Dime/Penny .875 inch Nickel 1.0 inch Quarter 1.5 inch Ping-pong ball 1.75 inch Golf ball 2.0 inch Hen egg 2.5 inch Tennis ball 2.75 inch Baseball 3.00 inch Teacup 4.00 inch Grapefruit 4.5 inch Softball Source: National Weather Service The Tornado and Storm Research Organization (TORRO) has further described hail sizes by their typical damage impacts. Table 4.40 describes typical intensity and damage impacts of the various sizes of hail. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Table 4.40—Tornado and Storm Research Organization Hailstorm Intensity Scale Intensity Diameter Diameter Size Category (mm) (inches) Description Typical Damage Impacts Hard Hail 5-9 0.2-0.4 Pea No damage Potentially 10-15 0.4-0.6 Mothball Slight general damage to plants,crops Damaging Significant 16-20 0.6-0.8 Marble,grape Significant damage to fruit,crops,vegetation Severe 21-30 0.8-1.2 Walnut Severe damage to fruit and crops,damage to glass and plastic structures, paint and wood scored Severe 31-40 1.2-1.6 Pigeon's egg> Widespread glass damage,vehicle bodywork damage squash ball Destructive 41-50 1.6-2.0 Golf ball > Wholesale destruction of glass,damage to tiled roofs, Pullet's egg significant risk of injuries Destructive 51-60 2.0-2.4 Hen's egg Bodywork of grounded aircraft dented, brick walls pitted Destructive 61-75 2.4-3.0 Tennis ball > Severe roof damage, risk of serious injuries cricket ball Destructive 76-90 3.0-3.5 Large orange Severe damage to aircraft bodywork >softball Super 91-100 3.6-3.9 Grapefruit Extensive structural damage. Risk of severe or even Hailstorms fatal injuries to persons caught in the open Super >100 4.0+ Melon Extensive structural damage. Risk of severe or even Hailstorms fatal injuries to persons caught in the open Source:Tornado and Storm Research Organization(TORRO),Department of Geography,Oxford Brookes University Notes:In addition to hail diameter,factors including number and density of hailstones,hail fall speed and surface wind speeds affect severity. The average hailstone size recorded between 2000 and 2019 in Monroe County was a little over 1" in diameter;the largest hailstone recorded was 1.75", recorded on April 27, 2003.The largest hailstone ever recorded in the U.S. fell in Vivian, SD on June 23, 2010, with a diameter of 8 inches and a circumference of 18.62 inches. Impact:1 —Minor Historical Occurrences Thunderstorm Winds Between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2019, the NCEI recorded 42 separate incidents of thunderstorm winds, occurring on 28 separate days.These events caused $144,150 in recorded property damage, but no crop damages,fatalities, injuries were reported. The recorded gusts averaged 59.9 miles per hour,with the highest gusts recorded at 92.1 mph, recorded on November 25, 2009. Of these events, 23 caused property damage. Wind gusts with property damage recorded averaged $6,267 in damage, with one gust causing a reported $60,000 in damage (in Marathon on August 9, 2006). These incidents are aggregated by the date the events occurred and are recorded in Table 4.41 below: Table 4.41—Recorded Thunderstorm Winds, Monroe County, 2000-2019 Location Date Wind P peed Fatalities Injuries Damag Property Key Largo 8/15/2000 58 0 0 $0 Marathon 8/26/2000 63 0 0 $0 Marathon 7/21/2001 -- 0 0 $0 Islamorada 7/22/2001 -- 0 0 $0 Islamorada 7/29/2001 58 0 0 $0 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Location Date Wind P peed Fatalities Injuries Damag Property Plantation Key, Islamorada,Stock Island, Big Pine Key 9/29/2001* 58 0 0 $0 Ocean Reef 1/2/2002 64 0 0 $0 Key West 9/11/2002 58 0 0 $500 Key West NAS 12/9/2002 63 0 0 $5,000 Cudjoe Key 5/20/2003 58 0 0 $500 Key West, Key West Int'I Airport 5/5/2005* 58 0 0 $500 Marathon 6/2/2005 69 0 0 $60,000 Cudjoe Key 4/11/2007* 62 0 0 $500 Key Largo,Ocean Reef 6/13/2007* 64 0 0 $8,500 Sugarloaf Key, Key West Int'I Airport 11/30/2008* 64 0 0 $0 Key Colony Beach, Marathon 2/2/2009* 70 0 0 $1,500 Big Coppitt Island 6/11/2009 51 0 0 $700 Stock Is 8/5/2009 45 0 0 $500 Marathon 11/25/2009* 92 0 0 $50,000 Long Key 2/12/2010 58 0 0 $0 Upper Key Largo 4/26/2010 60 0 0 $1,700 Grassy Key 12/18/2010 52 0 0 $1,000 Marathon,Stock Island, Key West Int'I Airport 1/17/2011* 52 0 0 $2,500 Tavernier 3/28/2011 63 0 0 $10,000 Key West NAS 8/24/2011 49 0 0 $500 Cudjoe Key 10/3/2011 49 0 0 $250 Tavernier 10/8/2011 60 0 0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 6/10/2015 59 0 0 $0 Total 0 0 $144,150 Source:NCEI;Note:*Multiple events occurred on these dates.Injury,fatality,and damage stats are totaled;wind speed is highest reported. In addition to recorded thunderstorm wind events, NCEI reports 3 high wind events during this same period. One such event, on August 1, 2001, caused one fatality. A separate event, on January 11, 2012, caused $2,000 in property damage. According to NCEI data, there were 11 lightning strikes reported between 2000 and 2019. Of these, 5 recorded property damage totaling $71,000. The highest rate of property damage recorded for a single incident was $40,000. Four events caused a total of four injuries and no fatalities were reported. Event narratives indicate in some cases that property damage occurred but was not estimated;therefore,actual property damage amounts are higher. No crop damage was recorded by these strikes. It should be noted that lightning events recorded by the NCEI are only those that are reported; it is certain that additional lightning incidents have occurred in Monroe County. Table 4.42 details NCEI-recorded lightning strikes from 2000 through 2019. Table 4.42—Recorded Lightning Strikes in Monroe County, 2000-2019 Location Date Time Fatalities Injuries Property Damage Key West 7/26/2000 16:50 0 1 $0 Duck Key 8/15/2000 9:57 0 0 $0 Marathon 9/10/2000 7:05 0 0 $0 Islamorada 8/14/2001 17:00 0 1 $0 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Location Date Time Fatalities Injuries Property Damage Tavernier 10/1/2007 7:00 0 0 $20,000 Key West Int'I Airport 7/25/2009 15:45 0 1 $0 Big Pine 6/9/2010 19:24 0 0 $1,000 Key West Int'I Airport 7/22/2012 8:20 0 0 $40,000 Key Colony Beach 6/12/2013 19:30 0 0 $2,500 Stock Is 6/26/2013 9:20 0 1 $0 Ramrod Key 11/2/2018 21:11 0 0 $7,500 Total 0 4 $71,000 Source: NCEI The following are a selection of narrative descriptions recorded in NCEI for lightning events that occurred in Monroe County: July 26, 2000— Lightning struck a boat just west of Key West. Five people were knocked out of the boat with one person injured with burns. August 14, 2001— Female injured by lightning during thunderstorm. She was touching the stainless steel counter of the restaurant she worked at when she was struck. October 1, 2007 — Strong thunderstorms over the Upper Keys produced heavy rainfall and a damaging lightning strike.The lightning struck the cupola of an unoccupied large oceanfront home in Plantation Key. The strike caused a small fire and damaged plumbing within the roof structure of the home. July 25, 2009—A strong thunderstorm centered approximately 8 miles northwest of Key West produced a cloud-to-ground lightning strike.The lightning struck a palm tree near the entrance to White Street Pier in Key West.The bolt passed from the tree to a 19-year-old male. The strike survivor remained conscious and was treated at Lower Key Medical Center for minor injuries. July 22, 2012—A positive-polarity lightning strike struck a residence in Key West within stratiform rainfall behind a northwest-moving squall line. The residence, a duplex, was severely damaged. The lightning struck the ground near the exterior jacuzzi in a side yard, near the front corner of the structure, leaving a hole in the ground roughly 2 feet by 2 feet and 18 inches deep. A ground rod and wire was installed for the jacuzzi but not attached. The charge followed the exterior power conduit to an exterior junction box, where the box's cover was blown free. Wires were charred, the conduit destroyed. The residence's washer/dryer electric supply was charred. The electric meter box exploded with wires charred and burned and all connections melted. In the front of the residence,wood was charred under metal screws securing the exterior soffit. Aluminum window frames in the front of the residence were melted with windows knocked out. Light bulbs in various locations throughout the residence were blown, including the bedroom lamps and ceiling fixture, bathroom wall fixture, and kitchen ceiling light fixture. The bathroom mirror was shattered. The residence was declared unfit for occupation due to damage to the electrical system, although no fire resulted. Keys Energy Services replaced a blown fuse for a transformer serving the residence, and three other residences had tripped circuits but no permanent damage was reported. The struck residence was occupied by one female at the time of the strike, who was observed by rescue personnel to not have any injuries. November2,2018—An isolated thunderstorm nearthe lower Florida Keys produced a damaging lightning strike to a residence on Barbados Lane on Ramrod Key. The strike resulted in roof and electrical system damage. A neighboring residence also experienced electrical system damage. Hail Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT NCEI records 7 separate hail incidents across 3 days between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2019 in Monroe County. Of these, one event resulted in $250 in property damage, and no events were reported to caused death, injury or crop damage.The largest diameter hail recorded in the County was 1.75 inches, which occurred on April 27, 2003 in Key West.This was the largest hail ever reported since record began in 1871.The event was only the 111h time hail of any size had been recorded in Key West.The average hail size of all events in the County was just under over one inch in diameter. Table 4.43 shows the summary of hail occurrences. Table 4.43—Summary of Hail Occurrences by Location Location Number of Occurrences Average Hail Diameter Key Largo 1 0.75" Key West Int'I Airport 5 1.2" Pi necrest 1 0.88" Total 7 1.09" Source:NCEI Note:All 5 events at the Key West Int'I Airport occurred on the same day. The following narratives provide detail on select hailstorms from the above list of NCEI recorded events highlight how intertwined thunderstorm and hail events are: April 27,2003—A severe thunderstorm developed and moved southeast over Key West. Small hail of 1/2- inch or smaller began 15:02 EST over Old Town Key West and spread throughout the remainder of Key West, Stock Island, and Boca Chica Key through 15:27 EST. Golf ball-sized hail reported over central Key West on Flagler Avenue was the largest hail ever reported since records began in 1871 and tied the largest hail size ever reported in Monroe County, Florida. This event was the 11th time hail of any size was recorded in the city of Key West since 1871. June 13,2007—A severe thunderstorm moved south out of Miami-Dade County on the mainland, crossed the east end of Florida Bay, and produced sporadic wind damage throughout North Key Largo, Key Largo and Rock Harbor. A landscaper reported 3/4 inch hail in Rock Harbor. June 15, 2013—A surface frontal boundary moved into South Florida during the afternoon and generated numerous to widespread severe thunderstorms during the afternoon and early evening some with very large hail. Hail up to the size of baseballs and slightly larger was reported from two separate thunderstorms and this is only the sixth time since 1950 that baseball sized hail or larger has been reported anywhere in South Florida. A spotter reported nickel sized hail at the Loop Road Education Center. Probability of Future Occurrence Based on historical occurrences recorded by NCEI for the 20-year period from 2000 through 2019, Monroe County averages 2.1 thunderstorm wind events per year. 23 of these events caused property damage. Over this same period, 11 lightning events were reported which equates to an average of 0.55 lightning strikes per year. The average hail storm in Monroe County occurs in the afternoon and has a hail stone with a diameter of just over one inch. Over the 20-year period from 2000 through 2019, Monroe County experienced 7 reported hail incidents; this averages 0.35 reported incidents per year somewhere in the planning area. Based on these historical occurrences, there is a 100% chance that the County will experience severe weather each year. The probability of a damaging impacts is highly likely. Probability:4—Highly Likely Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Climate Change Higher temperatures and humidity may increase atmospheric variability associated with the origination of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes. Decreases in vertical wind shear can result in fewer or weaker severe thunderstorms and tornadoes. However, this decrease is most likely to occur when convective available potential energy is high in spring and summer, which could result in more frequent severe storms. There has been a surge in the number of severe storms reported over the past 50 years, but this increase could at least be partially attributed to technological developments that allow for better identification and reporting of such storms. Vulnerability Assessment People People and populations exposed to the elements are most vulnerable to severe weather. A common hazard associated with wind events is falling trees and branches. Risk of being struck by lightning is greater in open areas, at higher elevations, and on the water. Lightning can also cause cascading hazards, including power loss. Loss of power could critically impact those relying on energy to service, including those that need powered medical devices. Additionally, the ignition of fires is always a concern with lightning strikes. The availability of sheltered locations such as basements, buildings constructed using hail-resistant materials and methods, and public storm shelters, all reduce the exposure of the population. Residents living in mobile homes are more vulnerable to hail events due to the lack of shelter locations and the vulnerability of the housing unit to damages. Overall, the housing stock in Monroe County includes 6,849 mobile home units, as detailed in Table 4.28 in Section 4.5.2. Over 16 percent of the housing stock in the City of Marathon is comprised of mobile home units.Additionally,there are over 5,000 mobile home units in unincorporated Monroe County, comprising over 12 percent of the housing stock. These communities may face more severe impacts from severe wind and weather events as a result. Since 2000, the NCEI records 4 injuries and no fatalities attributed to lightning in Monroe County. NCEI records no fatalities and no injuries attributed to wind or hail events in Monroe County. Property All property, including residential and commercial buildings as well as critical facilities and infrastructure, are vulnerable to impacts from severe storms and tornadoes. Property damage caused by lightning usually occurs in one of two ways—either by direct damages through fires ignited by lightning, or by secondary impacts due to power loss. According to data collected on lightning strikes in Monroe County, recorded property damage was due to structure fires and damage to electrical systems. NCEI records lightning impacts over 20 years (2000-2019),with $71,000 in property damage recorded (no incidents were recorded in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016 or 2017). Based on these records, the planning area experiences an annualized loss of $3,550 in property damage. The average impact from lightning per incident in Monroe County is$6,455. General damages to property from hail are direct, including destroyed windows,dented cars,and building, roof and siding damage in areas exposed to hail. Hail can also cause enough damage to cars to cause them to be totaled. The level of damage is commensurate with both a material's ability to withstand hail impacts, and the size of the hailstones that are falling. Construction practices and building codes can help maximize the resistance of the structures to damage. Large amounts of hail may need to be physically Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT cleared from roadways and sidewalks, depending on accumulation. Hail can cause other cascading impacts, including power loss. During a 20-year span between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2019 in Monroe County, NCEI reported no property damage as a direct result of hail. It should be noted that property damage due to hail is usually insured loss, with damages covered under most major comprehensive insurance plans. Because of this, hail losses are notoriously underreported by the NCEI. It is difficult to find an accurate repository of hail damages in Monroe County, thus the NCEI is still used to form a baseline. Wind events reported in NCEI for the 20-year period from 2000 through 2019 totaled$146,400 in property damage, which equates to an annualized loss of$7,320 across the planning area. Environment The main environmental impact from wind is damage to trees or crops. Wind events can also bring down power lines, which could cause a fire and result in even greater environmental impacts. Lightning may also result in the ignition of wildfires. This is part of a natural process, however, and the environment will return to its original state in time. Hail can cause extensive damage to the natural environment, pelting animals, trees and vegetation with hailstones. Melting hail can also increase both river and flash flood risk. Consequence Analysis Table 4.44 summarizes the potential negative consequences of severe weather. Table 4.44—Consequence Analysis—Severe Weather Category Consequences Public Injuries;fatalities Responders Injuries;fatalities; potential impacts to response capabilities due to storm impacts Continuity of Operations Potential impacts to continuity of operations due to storm impacts; delays in (including Continued providing services Delivery of Services) Property, Facilities and Possibility of structure fire ignition; potential for disruptions in power and Infrastructure communications infrastructure;destruction and/or damage to any exposed property, especially windows,cars and siding; mobile homes see increased risk. Environment Potential fire ignition from lightning; hail damage to wildlife and foliage. Economic Condition of Lightning damage contingent on target; can severely impact/destroy critical the Jurisdiction infrastructure and other economic drivers. Contingent on tornado's path; can severely impact/destroy critical infrastructure and other economic drivers. Public Confidence in the Public confidence is not generally affected by severe weather events if response and Jurisdiction's recovery are not timely and effective. Governance Associated Hazards Natural hazards are, more often than not, interconnected. Any given hazard may lead to, or be spurred by,another hazard—sometimes referred to as cascading disasters.Severe Storms may be associated with: Flood, Tropical Cyclones, and Tornadoes. Changes in Development Development is not expected to impact the incidence of severe weather. As the county grows, overall asset exposure will increase, which may increase risk. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 imp SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Problem Statements Severe weather events are highly likely to continue occurring in Monroe County. Communities should consider examining power redundancy and surge protection solutions for critical facilities to maintain operations in the event of a power outage. Past severe weather events caused injuries to individuals outside and/or in high-risk locations during these events. Solutions might include an awareness campaign to educate the public on severe weather risk and preparedness. The City of Marathon and the Unincorporated areas of the County have larger shares of mobile home units within their jurisdiction,the population living in these mobile homes are more vulnerable to thunderstorm and high wind impacts. Hazard Summary by Jurisdiction The following table summarizes severe weather hazard risk byjurisdiction. Most aspects of severe storm risk do not vary substantially by jurisdiction; however, mobile home units are more vulnerable to wind damage. Over 16 percent of the housing units in the City of Marathon are mobile home units.Additionally, there are over 5,000 mobile home units in unincorporated Monroe County, comprising over 12 percent of the housing stock. These communities may therefore face more severe impacts from wind. Where priority ratings vary between thunderstorm wind, lightning, and hail for impact and spatial extent, these scores represent an average rating with greater weight given to thunderstorm wind because it occurs much more frequently. Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority Key Colony Beach 4 1 3 4 1 2.6 M Key West 4 1 3 4 1 2.6 M Layton 4 1 3 4 1 2.6 M Marathon 4 2 3 4 1 2.9 M Islamorada 4 1 3 4 1 2.6 M Unincorporated 4 2 3 4 1 2.9 M Monroe County Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 min SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 4.5.4 Tornadoes and Waterspouts Hazard Probability Impact Spatial Warning Time Duration PRI Extent Score Tornadoes Highly Likely Critical Small Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 3.0 Waterspouts Highly Likely Minor Small 6 to 12 hrs Less than 6 hrs 2.3 Hazard Description Tornado According to the Glossary of Meteorology (AMS 2000), a tornado is "a violently rotating column of air, pendant from a cumuliform cloud or underneath a cumuliform cloud, and often (but not always) visible as a funnel cloud." Tornadoes can appear from any direction. Most move from southwest to northeast, or west to east. Some tornadoes have changed direction amid path, or even backtracked. Tornadoes are commonly produced by land falling tropical cyclones. Those making landfall along the Gulf coast traditionally produce more tornadoes than those making landfall along the Atlantic coast. Tornadoes that form within hurricanes are more common in the right front quadrant with respect to the forward direction but can occur in other areas as well. According to the NHC, about 10% of the tropical cyclone-related fatalities are caused by tornadoes. Tornadoes are more likely to be spawned within 24 hours of landfall and are usually within 30 miles of the tropical cyclone's center. Tornadoes have the potential to produce winds in excess of 200 mph (EF5 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale) and can be very expansive — some in the Great Plains have exceeded two miles in width. Tornadoes associated with tropical cyclones, however, tend to be of lower intensity (EFO to EF2) and much smaller in size than ones that form in the Great Plains. r n x Woak Torinadbas Strong Tornadoes Violent Tornadoes ■ 83%of all tomadoas ■ 11%of all tornadoes ■ Less than 1%of all tornadoes ■ Less thAn 51%of tornado dleiahs • Near,r -C of a-I lamado deaihs 1 70`:n of all larnado deaths ■ Lifetime 1 _ 10+minutes ■ tV1a1 'a�st 20 minutes or langer ■ Can excead 1 hour • ' ;im.is ess,han 110 mph ■ Winds 111-165 mph ■ Winds greater than 166 mph ■ Pmcuces ll ar E;:' damage ■ Pro-LICIRs EF2 or EF3 darnage ■ Produces EF4 or EF5 damage Source: NOAA National Weather Service Warning Time:4—Less than 6 hours Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Duration: 1 —Less than 6 hours According to the NOAA Storm Prediction Center (SPC), the highest concentration of tornadoes in the United States has been in Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas and Florida respectively. Although the Great Plains region of the Central United States does favor the development of the largest and most dangerous tornadoes (earning the designation of "tornado alley"), Florida experiences the greatest number of tornadoes per square mile of all U.S. states (SPC, 2002). The below Figure 4.16 shows tornado activity in the United States based on the number of recorded tornadoes per 1,000 square miles. Figure 4.16—Tornado Activity in the U.S. --� TORNADO ACTIVITY IN THE UNITE} STATES* SummM Per 11TOW Square Wes y / I r Uwd F h M Mhmk ll � ff�*�11d• -- i��cr�'i I � Pn� hsdl, �"1 /`"�..J�- �j P5.. fib I I �W W � I�ArrEbry 5vbwlr• Xrra[Iq S � 4oti6/Y 'Xuc�r.M } Ar+• I R LIh1Y J. �.a,w,.� •n�.-..Kw� r+�.+^• tru.sw �a.�s. IF.� IIIII .�--.,-- �.,�,�� * PhMlft Torfladoes per tia►w� � .` NuMdi4r 41�7G4id4� ' A"SKA 'm• i PrJk NN. RMYN E..........J rt- 1 I� 6-10 15 11111111111 }-: ........................................................... HAWAV A"AiCAN SAR DA GJAM, ?L�flTO .VIRGIN ISLANDS 'BaEw oil NOAA, ]`D:>m Ne a r 319wi m Figure 1,1 The nUmbei of tornadoes recorded per 1,W square miles Source: American Society of Civil Engineers Waterspouts Joseph Golden, the distinguished waterspout authority with NOAA, defines a waterspout as a "funnel which contains an intense vortex,sometimes destructive,of small horizontal extent and which occurs over a body of water." In other words, a waterspout is a column of rotating, cloud-filled wind. There are two types of waterspouts. A tornadic waterspout generally begins as a true tornado over land in association with a thunderstorm and then moves out over water.They are influenced by winds associated with severe thunderstorms as air rises and rotates on a vertical axis. Fair weather waterspouts, on the other hand, are associated with developing storms systems, but not storms themselves. These types of waterspouts only form over open water, where they develop at the water's surface and climb skyward. Both types of Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT waterspouts require high levels of humidity and relatively warm water temperatures compared to overlying air.The fair-weather variety is more common than the tornadic type. There are five stages of waterspout formation: Dark Spot:The water's surface takes on a prominent circular, light-colored disk surrounded by a larger dark area of indeterminate shape with diffused edges where the vortex reaches it. Spiral Pattern:A pattern of light and dark colored surface bands spiral out from the dark spot. Spray Ring:A swirling ray of dense sea spray, known as a cascade, forms around the dark spot with what appears to be an eye similar to that seen in hurricanes. Mature Vortex:This is the waterspouts most intense stage. It is now visible from the water surface to an overhead cloud mass as it achieves maximum organization and intensity. The funnel often appears hollow, with a surrounding shell of turbulent condensate. The spray vortex can rise to a height of several hundred feet or more, often creating a visible wake and an associated wave train as it moves. Decay:The funnel and spray vortex begin to dissipate as the inflow of warm are into the vortex weakens. Systems that might produce waterspouts are outline in the National Weather Service's nearshore marine forecast and hazardous weather outlook,and this information is shared 12 to 24 hours priorto waterspout occurrences. NWS will issue a special marine warning when waterspouts are detected by doppler radar or trained spotters. Warning Time:3—6 to 12 hours Duration: 1 —Less than 6 hours Location Figure 4.17 reflects the tracks of past tornados that passed through Monroe County from 1950 through 2017 according to data from the NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center. Tornados can occur anywhere in the County. Tornadoes typically impact a small area, but damage may be extensive. Tornado locations are completely random, meaning risk to tornado isn't increased in one area of the county versus another. All of Monroe County is uniformly exposed to this hazard. Waterspouts are most common in tropical and subtropical waters such as the Florida Keys, Greek Islands, or off the coast of Australia. Waterspouts can occur in any of the water bodies in Monroe County. Spatial Extent:2—Small Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 mi ® SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.17—Tornado Paths Through Monroe County, 1950-2017 1 Broward Collier I - L--------------- , Miami-Dade � Monroe i � I _r r 'r � f . 4 ° o d •+• err c �Xllamoracla Marathon Layton `k J `>�' Key Colony Beach 1 �r r it I `J � a o Key West 0 8 16 24 32 Legend Miles —F-0(40-72 mph)Light Damage —F-5(200+mph)Incredible Damage N F-1(73-112 mph)Moderate Damage Map created By:GMs Municipalities -F 2(113 157 mph)Considerable Damage Dare Created:3/31/2020 i wood 5o.rre.:1,ri nno�, C� my F-3(136-165 mph)Severe Damage Monroe County. FL NCAA — F-4(166-200 mph)Devastating Damage E-J]Counties Source: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Extent Tornado Prior to February 1, 2007, tornado intensity was measured by the Fujita (F) scale. This scale was revised and is now the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale. Both scales are sets of wind estimates (not measurements) based on damage. The new scale provides more damage indicators (28) and associated degrees of damage, allowing for more detailed analysis, better correlation between damage and wind speed. It is also more precise because it considers the materials affected and the construction of structures damaged by a tornado. Table 4.45 shows the wind speeds associated with the enhanced Fujita scale ratings and the damage that could result at different levels of intensity. Table 4.45—Enhanced Fujita Scale EF 3 Second Number Gust(mph) Damage 0 65-85 Light damage. Peels surface off some roofs;some damage to gutters or siding;branches broken off trees;shallow-rooted trees pushed over. 1 96-110 Moderate damage. Roofs severely stripped; mobile homes overturned or badly damaged; loss of exterior doors;windows and other glass broken. Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-constructed houses; foundations of frame 2 111-135 homes shifted; mobile homes destroyed; large trees snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground. Severe damage. Entire stories of well-constructed houses destroyed;severe damage to 3 136-165 large buildings such as shopping malls; trains overturned; trees debarked; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance. 4 166-200 Devastating damage. Well-constructed houses and whole frame houses completely leveled; cars thrown,and small missiles generated. Incredible damage. Strong frame houses leveled off foundations and swept away; 5 Over 200 automobile-sized missiles fly in excess of 100 m; high-rise buildings have significant structural deformation; incredible phenomena will occur. The most intense tornado to pass through Monroe County in the period for which NCEI has recorded events was and F2 tornado on November 4, 1998. NCEI reports this storm caused$25,000,000 in damages, but no deaths or injuries. The tornado damaged over 600 structures, tore down utility lines, damaged vessels, and destroyed foliage. Impact: 3—Critical Waterspouts Waterspouts are generally not a threat to any development on land, as they mostly stay over water. Boaters and people participating in marine activities are advised to stay a considerable distance away from any observed waterspout. There is no scale comparable to the Fujita scale to measure the strength of a waterspout, however they generally are not expected to cause injury, death, or damage to residents or property in Monroe County. If waterspouts Waterspouts might be measured by their radius or wind speeds. An average waterspout is around 165 feet in diameter with wind speed around 50 mph,corresponding with an EFO tornado, and last on average 5 to 10 minutes. Larger waterspouts might have a maximum 330 foot diameter and can last as long as one hour. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 it r SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT A October 2011 waterspout caused $10,000 in damages when it moved through the anchorage at Key West Harbor and damaged a vessel's cabin and hull after driving it ashore. Impact:1 —Minor Historical Occurrences Tornado NCEI storm reports were reviewed from 2000 through 2019 to assess whether recent trends varied from the longer historical record. According to NCEI, Monroe County experienced 24 tornado incidents between 2000 and 2019, causing over$5.25 million in property damage but no injuries, fatalities, or crop damage. $5 million in damages came from one F2 event in Marathon on August 26, 2005. However, this damage estimate may be under reported, as damage was reported in the narratives of many events but was not recorded in terms of a monetary value. Table 4.46 shows historical tornadoes in Monroe County during this time period. Table 4.46—Recorded Tornadoes in Monroe County,2000-2019 Location Date Time Magnitude Deaths/Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Big Pine Key 7/1/2000 1820 FO 0/0 $15,000 $0 Big Pine Key 8/18/2000 1450 FO 0/0 $0 $0 Key West 10/1/2003 1605 FO 0/0 $0 $0 Marathon 6/22/2005 1550 FO 0/0 $5,000 $0 Marathon 8/26/2005 345 F2 0/0 $5,000,000 $0 Sugarloaf Key 6/1/2007 1155 EFO 0/0 $20,000 $0 Marathon 6/24/2007 1258 EFO 0/0 $2,500 $0 Marathon 2/13/2008 1332 EFO 0/0 $2,000 $0 Big Coppitt Is 8/18/2008 1155 EFO 0/0 $1,000 $0 Summerland Key 8/18/2008 1300 EFO 0/0 $1,000 $0 Upper Key Largo 9/9/2008 1250 EFO 0/0 $25,000 $0 Craig Key 9/10/2008 242 EF1 0/0 $120,000 $0 Sugarloaf Key 9/17/2008 1140 EFO 0/0 $0 $0 Stock Island 9/29/2008 1500 EFO 0/0 $0 $0 Key West Int'I Arpt 12/18/2009 1435 EFO 0/0 $10,000 $0 Key Largo Pt Arpt 12/18/2009 1755 EFO 0/0 $5,000 $0 Key Largo Pt Arpt 4/26/2010 1145 EFO 0/0 $15,000 $0 Key Largo Pt Arpt 8/30/2010 1810 EFO 0/0 $500 $0 Big Pine 4/5/2013 110 EFO 0/0 $30,000 $0 Key Colony Beach 1/8/2016 630 EFO 0/0 $2,000 $0 Key West Int'I Arpt 8/11/2017 1603 EFO 0/0 $0 $0 Tavernier 4/15/2018 1912 EF1 0/0 $4,000 $0 Tavernier 4/15/2018 1912 EFO 0/0 $200 $0 Summerland Key 8/4/2019 1 1820 1 EFO 0/0 $0 $0 Total 0/0 $5,258,200.00 $0 Source: NCEI Narratives from NCEI illustrate that many of these events spawned from waterspouts. Specific incidents with some level of impact include: Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 it SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT July 1, 2000—A waterspout moved onshore along the south end of Big Pine Key. The event resulted in damage to a bed and breakfast inn. August 26, 2005—Tornado damage path began at the oceanfront at 73rd Street Ocean (F1) in Marathon and moved northeast,crossing U.S. Highway 1 near 76th Street Ocean, passing through Marathon Airport before entering Florida Bay near the Sea Air Estates Subdivision. The most significant damage (F2) included concrete block residential structure shifted on foundation, A-frame residence shifted on pilings, and bent large steel I-Beams on recently constructed hangars at Marathon Airport.One boat sunk in canal. Extensive damage to porches and trees along narrow path. Damage from this tornado totaled $5 million. September 9&10,2008—Hurricane Ike moved west to west-northwest across eastern Cuba,just offshore the south-central coast, and then crossed through western Cuba into the Gulf of Mexico. Tropical storm force winds and two tornadoes were reported in the Florida Keys. Damage from these tornadoes totaled $145,000. The first tornado touched down on the Atlantic side of U.S. Highway One and moved toward the northwest.The tornado caused minor damage to facia on a business on the bayside of U.S. Highway One, then moved into a residential area. One residence had two broken windows and another residence had an exterior wall penetrated with a 2x4 carried from a home under construction over 250 yards. Several trees and large limbs downed. Estimated maximum wind speed 60 to 70 mph. The second tornado occurred when a violent waterspout associated with a supercell made landfall in Lower Matecumbe Key at Sunset Drive and moved northwest, crossing U.S. Highway One and then along Palm Drive through a residential section near Mile Marker 74 on the Overseas Highway. The tornado damage path ended on Buttonwood Lane before reaching Florida Bay. Most damage was to deck railings, screens, windows and soffits on numerous homes. A few homes displayed more significant damage, including penetration through exterior doors and walls, with one home losing 50 percent of its roof decking. The EF1 rating with estimated maximum wind speeds of 90 to 100 mph was based on roof damage to a residence along Palm Drive. Debris from sheet metal paneling and mangrove branches may have contributed to a major power outage throughout all of the Keys from Islamorada through Key West as it was carried across U.S. Highway One and a major electrical transmission line. December 18, 2009 — A supercell thunderstorm tracked northeast along the Florida Keys. The thunderstorm first produced a weak tornado at the extreme southeast tip of Key West and south Stock Island, then tracked northeast just north of Big Pine Key before crossing the Upper Florida Keys from the west-southwest at Key Largo. A second weak tornado was reported at several Florida Bay shoreline properties. A weak tornado produced EFO damage across the extreme southeast part of Key West through south Stock Island. The tornado was first observed by a motoristjust offshore South Roosevelt Boulevard before moving briefly onshore at a hotel. Over a half dozen palm trees with some decay were snapped at the base. Lawn furniture was blown southeast in the tornado's wake. The tornado tracked northeast across Cow Key Channel before moving ashore again on south Stock Island along 12th Avenue. Two trees were downed,and a deck umbrella was lofted northeast from the east end of 11th Avenue onto power lines on 5th Street, bringing down the lines and causing a power outage throughout the area. The tornado continued northeast and likely lifted or dissipated over 5th Avenue northeast of Bernstein Park where a small ornamental tree was found snapped at the base and several trashcans had fallen and rolled to the south or southeast. At the tornado's northeast terminus, a television cable line was downed. Maximum winds were estimated at 60 to 70 mph along the path from Key West through 11th Avenue in Stock Island. The same supercell also caused a short-lived weak tornado near Mile Marker 104 of the Overseas Highway. The tornado produced minor damage with some outdoor furniture destroyed and ornamental Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT palm trees downed in a parking lot at a Florida Bay-side business, and porch screens blown out at a restaurant next door. Maximum winds estimated at 65 mph. April 26, 2010—A waterspout accompanying a line of severe thunderstorms moved onshore the Florida Bay side of Key Largo at the Marriott Florida Bay Resort. A tree was blown down blocking part of U.S. Highway 1 in front of the hotel. An outdoor day spa consisting of a thatched roof and bamboo shutters and interior mirrors was destroyed. Weighted deck loungers were blown across the pool deck and significant landscaping damage occurred on the waterfront side of the hotel. The tornado quickly dissipated over U.S. Highway 1. Estimated maximum winds were near 70 mph. April 5,2013—A complex surface low pressure system supported by a sharp upper trough of low pressure extending southward into the Gulf of Mexico produced strong thunderstorms in the Florida Straits. One thunderstorm produced a waterspout which moved ashore along the oceanside of Long Beach Drive and passed over a bed-and-breakfast inn at its maximum intensity and width of about 80 yards. Widespread damage to large limbs of native hardwood trees occurred, and one royal palm snapped at a level above 15 feet. A ground deck with four kayaks became airborne and dropped in mangroves 30 yards away. A large unmounted above-ground cistern containing nearly 200 gallons of water slid over 15 yards, knocking a large camping trailer off its front mount. Bolts securing a large grill to wood ground decking were sheared off. While numerous tables and lounge chairs were carried to the leeward side of the property, one 40-lb steel lounge chair was lifted to the edge of the roof line of the two-story residence, crushing the rain gutter, before settling in the lee of the structure. Small gravel and pea rock along the waterfront caused moderate to severe paint chipping on the oceanside of several homes. Screens including their wood frames were torn off several residences'oceanside porches,with one home losing about 40 percent of its oceanside vinyl siding. A phone line was downed along Long Beach Drive. The tornado continued across mud flats along the southeast edge of Coupon Bight, where only isolated damage to mangrove branches was observed.Small limbs were observed downed across Long Beach Drive between Southeast Point and U.S. Highway 1, eventually crossed through a campground just south of the Spanish Harbor Channel Bridge. Several tents including one large aluminum-framed dome tent structure were overturned before the tornado likely passed into Spanish Harbor Channel. The intensity of the tornado at Spanish Harbor Channel had decreased since its original landfall with estimated winds near 60 mph. April 15, 2018—A fast-moving pre-frontal squall line passing through the upper Florida Keys developed an embedded supercell thunderstorm along the Florida Bay side of Upper Matecumbe Key. The supercell thunderstorm moved east-northeast, producing a waterspout which was observed backlit by lightning shortly before making landfall as a tornado at Indian Mound Trail in Plantation Key, Islamorada. Large gumbo limbo tree limbs and the top of a palm tree were downed, as well as other hardwood trees. The rolling driveway gate on an adjacent residence was completely dislodged from its mounts and pushed into a trailered boat and car and an entire gutter and downspout system was removed from another residence. Numerous loose items were moved from the backyards and understory of homes onto front lawns and streets. Most of the observed damage in the Indian Waterways community were consistent with 60 to 70 mph,with possible spot values near 75 mph.The tornado crossed a patch of mangroves and undeveloped forest and reached greatest intensity at San Pedro Catholic Church where a large tree split at the trunk and an old-growth mahogany was uprooted,falling onto a portion of the structure connecting the rectory with the main church. The roof was not substantially damaged. However, several barrel tiles were removed from the peak ridges forming the hip roof pattern over the rectory,as well as from the southeast edge of the church, onto the top of the church's main entrance. Numerous large limbs were downed toward the east, with lightweight free-standing signs deposited northward cross the tornado path from right to left. Estimated wind speeds were maximized in the range of 90 to 100 mph with maximum width Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT near 60 yards. The tornado continued toward the east-northeast, crossing U.S. Highway 1 and the Old Highway, but weakened such that only large tree limbs were downed. The tornado moved out over the ocean as a waterspout and made a second landfall near Lincoln Avenue on the far southwest portion of Tavernier's oceanside.A progressive narrowing of the damage path down to nearly 30 yards as well as a turn toward the northwest or north-northwest was observed. Impacts lessened and included damaged fences and large limbs gradually down to smaller limbs and twigs. No further impacts were observed northeast of Lowe Street. It is likely the wind speeds 55 to 65 mph were observed, weakening to below 50 mph roughly 3 blocks from the waterfront. Waterspout Due to the warm, humid nature and coastal geography, waterspouts occur in the Florida Keys more than anywhere else in the world. In fact, between 50 and 500 waterspouts occur per year. NCEI's storm event database changed how it reports on waterspouts and as of October 2001 ceased reporting waterspouts by county in favor of reporting by region(i.e.South Atlantic). However,for the period in which it did report by county (January 1996 through October 2001) Monroe County experienced 315 waterspout events across 184 separate days.Two of these events caused damage to property; none caused damage to crops, injuries or fatalities.Table 4.47 below lists waterspout events by date from 2000 through Sept.2001;Table 4.47 summarizes waterspouts by location from Oct. 2001 through December 31, 2019 to illustrate the frequency at which these events occur. Table 4.47—Recorded Waterspouts, Monroe County, 2000—Sept. 2001 Location(s) Date #of Fatalities Property Events /Injuries Damage Key West Int'I Airport 2/3/2000 3 0/0 $0 Summerland Key 3/5/2000 1 0/0 $0 Key Largo 3/18/2000 1 0/0 $0 Big Pine Key, Marathon 3/31/2000 5 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport, Ramrod Key 4/8/2000 3 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 5/7/2000 2 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 5/17/2000 3 0/0 $0 Marathon 5/23/2000 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport, Plantation, Marathon 5/30/2000 3 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 5/31/2000 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport, Duck Key 6/1/2000 3 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 6/3/2000 2 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 6/4/2000 3 0/0 $0 Upper Key Largo 6/5/2000 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 6/11/2000 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 6/21/2000 1 0/0 $0 Big Pine Key 6/28/2000 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 7/1/2000 1 0/0 $0 Marathon 7/2/2000 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 7/6/2000 1 0/0 $0 Marathon, Duck Key 7/16/2000 2 0/0 $0 Duck Key, Big Coppitt Island,Summerland Key 7/22/2000 3 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 7/23/2000 2 0/0 $0 Marathon 7/26/2000 1 0/0 $0 Duck Key, Key West Int'I Airport, Big Coppitt Island 7/28/2000 5 0/0 $0 Marathon 7/29/2000 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 8/3/2000 1 0/0 $0 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 it SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Location(s) Date #of Fatalities Property Events /Injuries Damage Key West Int'I Airport 8/9/2000 2 0/0 $0 Marathon 8/11/2000 1 0/0 $0 Duck Key 8/15/2000 2 0/0 $0 Islamorada 8/16/2000 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 8/17/2000 2 0/0 $0 Big Pine Key 8/18/2000 1 0/0 $0 Long Key,Summerland Key, Key West, Duck Key 8/19/2000 4 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 8/21/2000 2 0/0 $0 Key West NAS 8/27/2000 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 8/28/2000 1 0/0 $0 Marathon 9/9/2000 1 0/0 $0 Summerland Key 9/10/2000 1 0/0 $0 Marathon 9/11/2000 1 0/0 $0 Key West NAS 9/26/2000 1 0/0 $0 Marathon, Key West Int'I Airport 9/28/2000 3 0/0 $0 Big Pine Key 9/30/2000 1 0/0 $0 Key West NAS, Key West Int'I Airport, Ramrod Key 10/1/2000 4 0/0 $0 Big Pine Key 10/5/2000 1 0/0 $0 Summerland Key 10/6/2000 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport, Key West NAS, Marathon 10/8/2000 3 0/0 $0 Marathon 3/2/2001 1 0/0 $0 Islamorada 4/26/2001 1 0/0 $0 Key West, Key West Int'I Airport 5/1/2001 3 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 5/20/2001 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 5/31/2001 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport, Big Pine Key, Ramrod Key 6/14/2001 3 0/0 $0 Big Pine Key, Big Coppit Island, Key West Int'I Airport 6/16/2001 4 0/0 $0 Big Coppit Island 6/17/2001 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 7/11/2001 1 0/0 $0 Tavernier, Long Key, Duck Key 7/15/2001 3 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 7/18/2001 1 0/0 $0 Key Largo 7/21/2001 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport, Key West NAS 8/10/2001 2 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 8/11/2001 1 0/0 $0 Rock Harbor, Upper Key Largo 8/26/2001 2 0/0 $0 Key Colony Beach 9/8/2001 2 0/0 $0 Craig Key 9/12/2001 1 0/0 $0 Key West Int'I Airport 9/18/2001 2 0/0 $0 Marathon 9/19/2001 1 0/0 $0 East Cape 9/22/2001 1 0/0 $0 Sugarloaf Key, Key West Int'I Airport 9/26/2001 2 0/0 $0 TOTAL 122 0/0 $0 Source:NCEI Table 4.48—Recorded Waterspouts, Monroe County, Oct. 2001—Dec. 2019 Location #of Fatalities Property Events /Injuries Damage Alligator Reef Light 19 0/0 $0 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 it SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Location #of Fatalities Property Events /Injuries Damage American Shoal Light 11 0/0 $0 Big Coppitt Key 36 0/0 $0 Big Pine Key 142 0/0 $200 Cosgrove Shoal Light 1 0/0 $0 Dry Tortugas 3 0/0 $0 Duck Key 26 0/0 $0 Islamorada 19 0/0 $0 Key Largo 36 0/0 $0 Key West 292 0/0 $4,000 Marathon 71 0/0 $0 Marquesas Keys 3 0/0 $0 Molasses Reef Light 4 0/0 $0 Plantation Key 11 0/0 $0 Sand Key Light 12 0/0 $0 Smith Shoal Light 10 0/0 $0 Snipe Point 21 0/0 $0 Sombrero Key Light 18 0/0 $0 Summerland Key 39 0/0 $0 Tennessee Reef Light 7 0/0 $0 Total 781 0/0 $4,200 Two of the recorded waterspouts caused $4,200 in property damage; no recorded events caused death or injury. Waterspouts have occurred in close proximity to all jurisdictions and unincorporated areas except for Layton and Key Colony Beach, however that does not mean they have not occurred. The following narrative descriptions describe the potential damage caused by waterspouts: August 5, 2008—Towering cumulus cloud lines produced a couple waterspouts along the north side of the Lower Florida Keys. A short-duration waterspout was approximately one-mile northeast of Sugarloaf Key.The waterspout drifter over a vessel, producing minor damage. May 5,2019—Two waterspouts formed in succession and in association with a cloud line along the north side of Key West. The second waterspout was observed to develop within Garrison Bight outside of the Palm Drive Bridge, and drifted slowly west, reaching a dock at a sailing center. 3 catamarans were considerably damaged due to overturning while tied to the dock, causing the dock planking to twist and detach from the pilings. 3 other vessels at the same dock had minor damage with ripped covers and canopy tops. A video relayed by social media showed the width of the spray ring was only a few yards across, with the spray ring dissipating before the waterspout reached shore. No damage was observed onshore at the sailing center nor an adjacent marina. Probability of Future Occurrence In a twenty-year span between 2000 and 2019, Monroe County experienced 24 separate tornado incidents over 21 separate days. This correlates to over a 100 percent annual probability that the Region will experience a tornado somewhere in its boundaries. Only one of these events was an F2; therefore, the annual probability of a significant tornado event is around 5 percent. Additionally, it his highly likely the County will experience a waterspout,although waterspouts themselves cause minimal damage, many of the damaging tornadoes experienced in Monroe County began as waterspouts. Probability:4—Highly Likely Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Climate Change There presently is not enough data or research to quantify the magnitude of change that climate change may have related to tornado frequency and intensity. NASA's Earth Observatory has conducted studies which aim to understand the interaction between climate change and tornadoes. Based on these studies meteorologists are unsure why some thunderstorms generate tornadoes and others don't, beyond knowing that they require a certain type of wind shear.Tornadoes spawn from approximately one percent of thunderstorms, usually supercell thunderstorms that are in a wind shear environment that promotes rotation. Some studies show a potential for a decrease in wind shear in mid-latitude areas. Because of uncertainty with the influence of climate change on tornadoes, future updates to the mitigation plan should include the latest research on how the tornado hazard frequency and severity could change. The level of significance of this hazard should be revisited over time. Vulnerability Assessment People People and populations exposed to the elements are most vulnerable to tornadoes. The availability of sheltered locations such as basements, buildings constructed using hail-resistant materials and methods, and public storm shelters, all reduce the exposure of the population. Residents living in mobile homes are more vulnerable to hail events due to the lack of shelter locations and the vulnerability of the housing unit to damages. Overall, the housing stock in Monroe County includes 6,849 mobile home units, as detailed in Table 4.28 in Section 4.5.2. Over 16 percent of the housing stock in the City of Marathon is comprised of mobile home units. Additionally,there are over 5,000 mobile home units in unincorporated Monroe County, comprising over 12 percent of the housing stock. These communities may face more severe impacts from severe wind and weather events as a result. Since 2000, the NCEI database records no fatalities and one injury attributed to tornadoes in Monroe County. Waterspouts are unlikely to cause death or injury — none were reported by NCEI. However, an exceptionally strong waterspout may lead to death or injury of individuals trapped on boat or in the water in its path. Property Damage from tornadoes to property are both direct (what the tornado physically destroys) and indirect, which focuses on additional costs, damages and losses attributed to secondary hazards spawned by the tornado, or due to the damages caused by the tornado. Depending on the size of the tornado and its path,a tornado is capable of damaging and eventually destroying almost anything. Construction practices and building codes can help maximize the resistance of the structures to damage. Secondary impacts of tornado damage often result from damage to infrastructure. Downed power and communications transmission lines, coupled with disruptions to transportation, create difficulties in reporting and responding to emergencies. These indirect impacts of a tornado put tremendous strain on a community. In the immediate aftermath, the focus is on emergency services. Since 2000, damaging tornadoes in the County are directly responsible for nearly $5,258,200 worth of damage to property according to NCEI data. This equates to an annualized loss of$262,910. Waterspouts are unlikely to cause significant property damage unless they come on land as a tornado, in which case damage would be similar to that of a tornado. Otherwise, waterspouts may cause damage to property in the water, such as boats and other recreational items. Per NCEI, no property was damaged from waterspouts in Monroe County. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Environment Tornadoes can cause massive damage to the natural environment, uprooting trees and other debris within the tornado's path. Waterspouts may cause damage to marshes and wetlands. This is part of a natural process, however, and the environment will return to its original state in time. Consequence Analysis Table 4.44 summarizes the potential negative consequences of severe weather. Table 4.49—Consequence Analysis—Tornado Category Consequences Public Injuries;fatalities Responders Injuries; fatalities; potential impacts to response capabilities due to storm impacts Continuity of Operations Potential impacts to continuity of operations due to storm impacts; delays in (including Continued providing services Delivery of Services) Property, Facilities and The weakest tornadoes, EFO, can cause minor roof damage, while strong Infrastructure tornadoes can destroy frame buildings and even badly damage steel reinforced concrete structures. Buildings are vulnerable to direct impact from tornadoes and also from wind borne debris. Mobile homes are particularly susceptible to damage during tornadoes. Environment Potential devastating impacts in storm's path Economic Condition of the Contingent on tornado's path;can severely impact/destroy critical infrastructure Jurisdiction and other economic drivers Public Confidence in the Public confidence in the jurisdiction's governance may be influenced by severe Jurisdiction's Governance tornado events if response and recovery are not timely and effective. Associated Hazards Natural hazards are, more often than not, interconnected. Any given hazard may lead to, or be spurred by, another hazard —sometimes referred to as cascading disasters. Tornadoes and Waterspouts may be associated with: Tropical Cyclones and Severe Storms. Changes in Development Tornadoes and waterspouts are unpredictable in nature, and the entire community is equally vulnerable to their effects. As such, any new development would increase vulnerability to such events. However, increases in mobile and manufactured home units would cause more significant increases in vulnerability. Problem Statements Mobile homes and their occupants are particularly vulnerable to tornadoes. The City of Marathon and Unincorporated Monroe County have high percentages of manufactured home units within their jurisdiction. A robust tornado preparedness education and outreach program would benefit the community to understand risk and reduce damage; this might include the link between waterspouts and tornadoes, how to shelter from tornadoes, and damage caused from flying debris, among others. Although the County utilizes the most recent Florida Building Code to ensure new buildings— especially critical facilities—can withstand severe winds associated with tornadoes (as well as Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 it SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT hurricanes and severe storms), buildings that predate building codes are more vulnerable. A study of such buildings and potential retrofits would decrease vulnerability of these structures. Hazard Summary by Jurisdiction The following table summarizes severe weather hazard risk by jurisdiction. Tornado and waterspout hazards do not vary significantly by jurisdiction. Where priority ratings vary between tornado and waterspout, the scores represent an average rating, with greater weight given to Tornado because of its higher potential for destruction. Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority Key Colony Beach 4 2 2 4 1 2.7 M Key West 4 2 2 4 1 2.7 M Layton 4 2 2 4 1 2.7 M Marathon 4 2 2 4 1 2.7 M Islamorada 4 2 2 4 1 2.7 M Unincorporated 4 2 2 4 1 2.7 M Monroe County Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 4.5.5 Wildfire Hazard Probability Impact Spatial Warning Time Duration PRI Extent Score Wildfire Likely Limited Small Less than 6 hrs Less than 1 week 2.6 Hazard Description Awildfire is an uncontained fire that spreads through the environment.Wildfires can consume large areas, including infrastructure, property, and resources. When massive fires, or conflagrations, develop near populated areas, evacuations possibly ensue. Not only do the flames impact the environment, but the massive volumes of smoke spread by certain atmospheric conditions also impact the health of nearby populations. There are three general types of fire spread that are recognized. Ground fires—burn organic matter in the soil beneath surface litter and are sustained by glowing combustion. Surface fires — spread with a flaming front and burn leaf litter, fallen branches and other fuels located at ground level. Crown fires—burn through the top layer of foliage on a tree, known as the canopy or crown fires. Crown fires, the most intense type of fire and often the most difficult to contain, need strong winds, steep slopes and a heavy fuel load to continue burning. Generally, wildfires are started by humans, either through arson or carelessness. Fire intensity is controlled by both short-term weather conditions and longer-term vegetation conditions. During intense fires, understory vegetation, such as leaves, small branches, and other organic materials that accumulate on the ground, can become additional fuel for the fire. The most explosive conditions occur when dry, gusty winds blow across dry vegetation. Weather plays a major role in the birth, growth and death of a wildfire. In support of forecasting for fire weather,the NWS Fire Weather Program emerged in response to a need for weather support to large and dangerous wildfires. This service is provided to federal and state land management agencies for the prevention, suppression, and management of forest and rangeland fires. As shown in Figure 4.18, the NWS Miami-South Florida Forecast Office provides year-round fire weather forecasts for the region. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.18—Fire Weather Forecast, Monroe County Area National Digital Forecast Database Display ❑ National CONU,' C,F,a Fire Weather v Ending Jun l2. 5ANI PDT tW H 1..' ,i r1 Elevated • .r Critical Flre Weather 24hours anitng Fri,Jun 122020, 5ANI PDT Issued:]un 11 at 2 PM PDT Ci eate a bookmarkable 11RL Definitions Abonl FAQ, P.d.t Descriptions S.—Ycornmenis NDFD DM Mobile Link Help -'r nt 1 l=.r Source:National Weather Service Weather conditions favorable to wildfire include drought, which increases flammability of surface fuels, and winds, which aid a wildfire's progress. The combination of wind, temperature, and humidity affects how fast wildland fires can spread. Rapid response can contain wildfires and limit their threat to property. Monroe County experiences a variety of wildfire conditions found in the Keetch-Byram Drought Index, which is described in Table 4.50. The Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) for June 11, 2020 is shown in Figure 4.19. The KBDI for Monroe County and the surrounding areas at this time was between 200 and 400. Table 4.50—Keetch-Byram Drought Index Fire Danger Rating System KBDI Description 0-200 Soil and fuel moisture are high. Most fuels will not readily ignite or burn. However, with enough sunlight and wind,cured grasses and some light surface fuels will burn in sports and patches. 200-400 Fires more readily burn and will carry across an area with no gaps. Heavier fuels will still not readily ignite and burn. Also, expect smoldering and the resulting smoke to carry into and possibly through the night. 400-600 Fire intensity begins to significantly increase. Fires will readily burn in all directions exposing mineral soils in some locations. Larger fuels may burn or smolder for several days creating possible smoke and control problems. 600-800 Fires will burn to mineral soil. Stumps will burn to the end of underground roots and spotting will be a major problem. Fires will burn through the night and heavier fuels will actively burn and contribute to fire intensity. Source:United State Forest Service Wildland Fire Assessment System Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.19— Keetch-Byram Drought Index,June 2020 '��IA� ooiter Punta Gortla Pah°kee est Palm 9each 4 LaBelle � �1 n I [ 5a:a Ra eroward laFl s Pembroke Pines F_.LautleNale �' Hlaleahl tll '.•� wA. Mia rt u� Miami-Dade � nsmea:exa Vµ Key Largo Monroe Islam°raaa r 07, Key.,eg W 100 200 300 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Source:Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Warning Time: 4—Less than 6 hours Duration:3—Less than 1 week Location The location of wildfire risk can be defined by the acreage of Wildland Urban Interface (WUI). The WUI is described as the area where structures and other human improvements meet and intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels,and thus demarcates the spatial extent of wildfire risk.The WUI is essentially all the land in the county that is not heavily urbanized.The Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment (SWRA)estimates that 69.6 percent of the Monroe County population lives within the WUI.The expansion of residential development from urban centers out into rural landscapes increases the potential for wildland fire threat to public safety and the potential for damage to forest resources and dependent industries. Population growth within the WUI substantially increases the risk of wildfire. Table 4.51 details the extent of the WUI in Monroe County, and Figure 4.20 maps the WUI. 95 percent of the county's total land area is classified as outside the WUI and the remaining 5 percent is detailed below. Table 4.51—Wildland Urban Interface, Population and Acres WUI Percent of WUI Percent of Housing Density Population Population WUI Acres WUI Acres LT 1hs/40ac 53 0.1% 3,087 9.9% 1hs/40ac to 1hs/20ac 66 0.1% 2,038 6.5% Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT WUI Percent of WUI Percent of Housing Density Population Population WUI Acres WUI Acres 1hs/20ac to 1hs/10ac 114 0.2% 1,953 6.2% 1hs/10ac to 1hs/5ac 321 0.6% 2,424 7.8% 1hs/5ac to 1hs/2ac 1,530 2.9% 4,430 14.2% 1hs/2ac to 3hs/lac 27,076 51.9% 14,392 46.0% GT 3hs/lac 23,030 44.1% 2,948 9.4% Total 52,190 100.0% 31,272 100.0% .................................................. Source:Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment Per the County CEMP and prior LMS, areas more susceptible to wildfire in Monroe County include Everglades National Park on the Mainland, and Big Pine, No Name, Cudjoe, and Sugarloaf Keys in the Lower Keys where there are remnant tracts of Native Pine Rockland forest. In fact,the largest contiguous block of vegetation in the Lower Keys is 500 acres on Big Pine Key. The County is part of the Everglades District of the Florida Fire Service, which also Includes Broward, Palm Beach, and Miami-Dade Counties. Spatial Extent:2—Small Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Ad SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.20—Wildland Urban Interface, Monroe County Broward Collier Miami-Dade , Monroe � r r 1 1 F � I 5 war c ,m n Islamorada Marathon x Layton I a� J l \ t Key Colony 1 Beach e- .� ^ a Key West 0 8 16 24 32 Legend 1-LT 1 hs/40 ac 6-1 hs/2 to 3 hs/ac N Miles 2-1 hs/40 to 1 hs/20 ac ■7-GT 3 hs/ac Map Created By:LAW 3-1 hs/20 to 1 hs/10 an Dace Created:5/29/2o2 C_1�1 Municipalities wood. Sources:E ri Monroe County, 4-1 hs/10 to 1 hs/5 ac J LL,swrsAp 5-1 hs/5 to 1 hsf 2 ac �`j Monroe County Counties Source:Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Extent Wildfire extent can be defined by the fire's intensity and measured by the Characteristic Fire Intensity Scale,which identifies areas where significant fuel hazards which could produce dangerous fires exist. Fire Intensity ratings identify where significant fuel hazards and dangerous fire behavior potential exist based on fuels, topography, and a weighted average of four percentile weather categories. The Fire Intensity Scale consists of five classes, as defined by Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment and is shown in Table 4.52. Figure 4.21 shows the potential fire intensity within the WUI across Monroe County. Table 4.52—Fire Intensity Scale Class Description 1,Very Low Very small, discontinuous flames, usually less than 1 foot in length; very low rate of spread; no spotting. Fires are typically easy to suppress by firefighters with basic training and non- specialized equipment. 2,Low Small flames,usually less than two feet long;small amount of very short-range spotting possible. Fires are easy to suppress by trained firefighters with protective equipment and specialized tools. 3,Moderate Flames up to 8 feet in length;short-range spotting is possible. Trained firefighters will find these fires difficult to suppress without support from aircraft or engines, but dozer and plows are generally effective. Increasing potential for harm or damage to life and property. 4,High Large Flames, up to 30 feet in length; short-range spotting common; medium range spotting possible. Direct attack by trained firefighters, engines, and dozers is generally ineffective, indirect attack may be effective. Significant potential for harm or damage to life and property. 5,Very High Very large flames up to 150 feet in length; profuse short-range spotting, frequent long-range spotting; strong fire-induced winds. Indirect attack marginally effective at the head of the fire. Great potential for harm or damage to life and property. Source:Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.21—Characteristic Fire Intensity, Monroe County Broward Collier 1 c ""a Miami-Dade pw Monroe _ I 1 -�� dcc•q,.X,. A ,J W 9 g�� 4 y+' r l a aR Xslamorada s Marathon Layton /I Key Colony Beach � � o Key West 0 8 16 24 32 Legend Miles 1-lowest Intensity 3-Moderate .5-Highest Intensity Map created By:LAW 1.5 .3.5 r!�]Municipalities Date Created:5n9rzo20 2-Low 4-High \ ♦♦� V^ Saurcex Esii M III11e County. x Monroe County O FL.1WRAN 2.5 .4.5 — • Counties Source:Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment Mnnrna rountyp Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Per the Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment, 75 percent of Monroe County is non-burnable. Note that this includes areas of the County that are open water, and approximately 3 percent of the County's total land area falls in this category. A significant portion of the land area, approximately 35 percent, of Monroe County may experience a Class 4 or higher Fire Intensity, which poses significant harm or damage to life and property. However, the areas with greatest potential fire intensity are largely outside the WUI - including Everglades National Park. Potential fire intensity is also high on Big Pine Key. Over 7 percent of the county may experience Class 3 or 3.5 Fire Intensity, which has potential for harm to life and property but is easier to suppress with dozer and plows. The remainder of the burnable area (approximately 54 percent)would face a Class 1 or Class 2 Fire Intensity,which are easily suppressed. Florida participates in the national Ready, Set, Go! program which helps prepare first responders to best address wildfires when they occur.This program is also used as outreach to help citizens understand their risk and how to be prepared. As part of this program, the State produced a Wildfire Mitigation Plan. Monroe County has addressed fire hazards in their County Emergency Management Plan; however, it is considered a minimal threat. Impact:2-Limited Historical Occurrences NCEI does not report any records of wildfire in Monroe County within the 20-year period from 2000 through 2019. However, the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services maintains records of acreage burned and number of fires within the State of Florida.According to this department,there were 167 fires between January 1", 2000 and December 31", 2019, averaging 8.35 fires per year. However, these fires burned only 186.8 acres in total, averaging 1.12 acres per fire. These fires make up only 0.2 percent of all fires across the state during the same time period. Table 4.53 lists fires and acreage burned by year. Table 4.53-Number of Fires and Acreage Burned by Year, Monroe County Year Number of Fires Acres Burned Avg.Acres Burned 2000 14 4.5 0.32 2001 40 22.5 0.56 2002 32 4.4 0.14 2003 14 54.1 3.86 2004 10 3.3 0.33 2005 5 3.4 0.68 2006 6 1.4 0.23 2007 6 12.3 2.05 2008 5 1.6 0.32 2009 4 2.2 0.55 2010 4 0.4 0.10 2011 7 1.2 0.17 2012 1 0.1 0.10 2013 3 0.5 0.17 2014 7 1.6 0.23 2015 3 0.6 0.20 2016 1 0.1 0.10 2017 2 0.2 0.10 2018 2 72.1 36.05 2019 1 0.3 0.30 Total 167 186.8 1.12 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Source:Florida Forest Service Reporting System:Fires by Causes Two notable fires explain some of the variation in average acreage burned in the table above. Thunderstruck Fire: In 2007, the Thunderstruck Fire burned 7 acres on Big Pine Key, affecting vacant property adjacent to residential and commercial structures. The Florida Division of Forestry brought in resources from Miami to assist in controlling the fire.The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided helicopter water drops to help control the fire spread. During this event,firefighters from several stations worked in yards of homes and several businesses to prevent damage. Flame lengths exceeded thirty feet,and nearly all the vegetation was killed as a result of severity and intensity. Big Pine Key Brush Fire: The Big Pine Key Brush Fire began around 2pm on April 22, 2018 in a wooded area on Big Pine Key. Due to strong winds and dry conditions, the fire spread quickly and burned a total of 72 acres. Due to a quick, unified response from 10 different agencies, including Monroe County Emergency Services, Florida Forest Service,the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and others from Key West to Georgia, only one home and an associated detached garage were destroyed and 30 other homes were saved in the burn area. There were no reported injuries or loss of life. With help from 1.7 inches of rain recorded at the Big Pine Key Forestry site on April 27t", which reduced heat in the fire's interior, the fire was completely contained and put out by April 29t". Overall, 93 percent of the pine rock lands on Big Pine Key were left unburned. As seen in Figure 4.22, no part of Monroe County was experiencing any level of Drought at the time this data was collected. The State of Florida uses this Active Wildfires Dashboard to communicate to others where the currently burning wildfires are located. The region experienced prolonged periods of moderate to severe drought in 2000 to 2001, 2007 to 2008, 2009, 2011, 2015, and 2018. These periods of drought may explain some of the annual variation in fires and acreage burned. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.22—Active Wildfires,June 12, 2020 Wildfires D- •■- ■ .7 . 25 CFM . 76 A— Go IMP- 76 CWrambed , ► � noux Source:Florida Forest Service Probability of Future Occurrence The Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment provides a Burn Probability analysis which predicts the probability of an area burning based on landscape conditions,weather, historical ignition patterns, and historical fire prevention and suppression efforts. Burn Probability data is generated by simulating fires under different weather, fire intensity, and other conditions. Values in the Burn Probability (BP) data layer indicate, for each pixel, the number of times that cell was burned by a modeled fire, divided by the total number of annual weather scenarios simulated.The simulations are calibrated to historical fire size distributions.The Burn Probability for Monroe County is presented in Table 4.54 and illustrated in Figure 4.23. Note that approximately half of the land area in the County does not have a Burn Probability class assigned to it. The following table details the Burn Probability for the remaining area in the county. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Table 4.54—Burn Probability, Monroe County Class Acres Percent 1 27,886 8.7% 2 19,455 6.1% 3 15,618 4.9% 4 13,240 4.1% 5 22,680 7.1% 6 4,215 1.3% 7 2,468 0.8% 8 72,614 22.7% 9 54,312 16.9% 10 88,016 27.5% Total 320,504 100.0% Source:Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment Over 67 percent of Monroe County with a rated burn probability has a burn probability between 8 and 10. The areas of higher burn probability are located on the mainland of Monroe County in Everglades National Park.The Keys themselves have a burn probability of 1 to 5.The probability of wildfire across the county is considered likely, defined as between a 10% and 100% annual chance of occurrence. The mainland (Everglades National Park), and Big Pine Key are areas that have historically seen wildfire and area likely to experience wildfire again due to their higher burn probability and potential fire intensity. Probability:3—Likely Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 , r SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.23—Burn Probability, Monroe County Broward Collier i � Miami-Dade i 1 , Monroe i } � e —r r \ \ 1 nq m c �a Islamoracia 1' Marathon Layton ry i` Key Colony F Beach � a o Key West 0 8 16 24 32 Legend N Miles 1(Lowest Probability) ®6 <3 municipalities Map Created By:LAW Z 07 t Monroe County DazCo ted: 3 g WOO d. Sources:Esi Po9onroc County. �CAUntIeS FL.SWRA? 4 .9 5 .10(Highest Probability) Source:Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Climate Change Climate change could cause increased frequency or intensity of extreme heat or drought events which could affect wildfire behavior. If vegetation type changes, such as reducing moisture of vegetation, soil, or decomposing matter, flammability could increase. Florida currently has weather patterns that create a wet season and a dry season each year. Climate change could cause either season, or both seasons, to increase in occurrence or magnitude. Vulnerability Assessment People Wildfire can cause fatalities and human health hazards. Ensuring procedures are in place for rapid warning and evacuation are essential to reducing vulnerability. Based on 2012 housing density data, Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment (SWRA) estimates that 73,067 people or 71.4% of the total planning area population live within the WUI and are therefore at risk to wildfire. Property Wildfire can cause direct property losses, including damage to buildings, vehicles, landscaped areas, agricultural lands, and livestock. Construction practices and building codes can increase fire resistance and fire safety of structures. Techniques for reducing vulnerability to wildfire include using street design to ensure accessibility to fire trucks, incorporating fire resistant materials in building construction, and using landscaping practices to reduce flammability and the ability for fire to spread. Information of critical facility risk to wildfire was not available. Environment Wildfires have the potential to destroy forest and forage resources and damage natural habitats. Wildfire can also damage agricultural crops on private land. Wildfire is part of a natural process, however, and the environment will return to its original state in time. Consequence Analysis Table 4.55 summarizes the potential detrimental consequences of wildfire. Table 4.55—Consequence Analysis-Wildfire Category Consequences Public In addition to the potential for fatalities,wildfire and the resulting diminished air quality pose health risks. Exposure to wildfire smoke can cause serious health problems within a community, including asthma attacks and pneumonia,and can worsen chronic heart and lung diseases.Vulnerable populations include children, the elderly, people with respiratory problems or with heart disease. Even healthy citizens may experience minor symptoms,such as sore throats and itchy eyes. Responders Public and firefighter safety is the first priority in all wildland fire management activities. Wildfires are a real threat to the health and safety of the emergency services. Most fire-fighters in rural areas are'retained'. This means that they are part-time and can be called away from their normal work to attend to fires. Continuity of Operations Wildfire events can result in a loss of power which may impact operations. Downed (including Continued trees, power lines and damaged road conditions may prevent access to critical Delivery of Services) facilities and/or emergency equipment. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ,uu� SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Category Consequences Property, Facilities and Wildfires frequently damage community infrastructure, including roadways, Infrastructure communication networks and facilities, power lines,and water distribution systems. Restoring basic services is critical and a top priority. Efforts to restore roadways include the costs of maintenance and damage assessment teams,field data collection,and replacement or repair costs. Direct impacts to municipal water supply may occur through contamination of ash and debris during the fire, destruction of aboveground distribution lines,and soil erosion or debris deposits into waterways after the fire. Utilities and communications repairs are also necessary for equipment damaged by a fire.This includes power lines,transformers, cell phone towers,and phone lines. Environment Wildfires cause damage to the natural environment, killing vegetation and animals. The risk of floods and debris flows increases after wildfires due to the exposure of bare ground and the loss of vegetation. In addition,the secondary effects of wildfires, including erosion, landslides,introduction of invasive species,and changes in water quality,are often more disastrous than the fire itself. Economic Condition of Wildfires can have significant short-term and long-term effects on the local the Jurisdiction economy. Wildfires,and extreme fire danger, may reduce recreation and tourism in and near the fires. If aesthetics are impaired, local property values can decline. Extensive fire damage to trees can significantly alter the timber supply, both through a short-term surplus from timber salvage and a longer-term decline while the trees regrow.Water supplies can be degraded by post-fire erosion and stream sedimentation. Public Confidence in the Wildfire events may cause issues with public confidence because they have very Jurisdiction's visible impacts on the community. Public confidence in the jurisdiction's governance Governance may be influenced by actions taken pre-disaster to mitigate and prepare for impacts, including the amount of public education provided;efforts to provide warning to residents; response actions; and speed and effectiveness of recovery. Associated Hazards Natural hazards are, more often than not, interconnected. Any given hazard may lead to, or be spurred by, another hazard — sometimes referred to as cascading disasters. Wildfire may be associated with: Drought and Landslide Changes in Development Increased development on the wildland fringe, areas immediately adjacent to the Wildland Urban Interface, will expand the WUI itself and further increase vulnerability. Conversely, as infill development occurs and urban areas become more densely developed, fuel sources may be removed such that these areas may fall out of the WUI. Problem Statement Two significant fire events have occurred on Big Pine Key. Consider fuel management, controlled burns, etc. The most significant wildfire risk in Monroe County is on the Mainland, particularly in Everglades National Park which spans the Miami-Dade County line. The counties should confirm mutual aid agreements. Hazard Summary by Jurisdiction The following table summarizes wildfire hazard risk byjurisdiction. Wildfire warning time and duration do not vary by jurisdiction. Spatial extent ratings were estimated based on the of area within the WUI; Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ,r SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT jurisdictions with approximately 10%to 50% of their area in the WUI and were assigned a spatial extent rating of 3; the City of Key Colony Beach and the City of Layton,which both have to 100%of their area in the WUI, were given a rating of 4. Impact ratings were based on fire intensity data from SWRA. Jurisdictions with significant clusters of moderate to high fire intensity were assigned a rating of 3; all other jurisdictions were assigned a rating of 2. Probability ratings were determined based on burn probability data from SWRA. Only the unincorporated areas of the county have any areas with burn probability greater than 3, including some areas of highest burn probability, and was thus given a probability rating of 3. All other jurisdictions were assigned a probability of 2. Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority Key Colony Beach 2 3 4 4 3 3 H Key West 2 2 3 4 3 2.5 M Layton 2 2 4 4 3 2.7 M Marathon 2 3 3 4 3 2.8 M Islamorada 2 2 3 4 3 2.5 M Unincorporated 3 3 3 4 3 3.1 H Monroe County Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 4.5.6 Coastal Erosion Hazard Probability Impact Spatial Warning Time Duration PRI Extent Score Coastal Erosion Likely Limited Moderate More than 24 hrs Less than 1 week 2.5 Hazard Description Coastal Erosion Coastal erosion is a process whereby large storms,flooding, strong wave action, sea level rise, and human activities, such as inappropriate land use, alterations, and shore protection structures, wear away the beaches and bluffs along the coast. Erosion undermines and often destroys homes, businesses,and public infrastructure and can have long-term economic and social consequences. According to NOAA, coastal erosion is responsible for approximately$500 million per year in coastal property loss in the United States, including damage to structures and loss of land. To mitigate coastal erosion, the federal government spends an average of$150 million each year on beach nourishment and other shoreline erosion control measures. Coastal erosion has both natural causes and causes related to human activities. Gradual coastal erosion and accretion results naturally from the impacts of tidal longshore currents. Severe coastal erosion can occur over a short period when the state is impacted by hurricanes, tropical storms and other weather systems. Sand is continually removed by longshore currents in some areas, but it is also continually replaced by sand carried in by the same type of currents. Structures such as piers or sea walls,jetties, and navigational inlets may interrupt the movement of sand. Sand can become "trapped" in one place by these types of structures. The currents will, of course, continue to flow,though depleted of sand trapped elsewhere. With significant amounts of sand trapped in the system, the continuing motion of currents (now deficient in sand) results in erosion. In this way, human construction activities that result in the unnatural trapping of sand have the potential to result in significant coastal erosion. Erosion rates and potential impacts are highly localized. Severe storms can remove wide beaches, along with substantial dunes, in a single event. In undeveloped areas, these high recession rates are not likely to cause significant concern, but in some heavily populated locations, one or two feet of erosion may be considered catastrophic (NOAA, 2014). Estuaries are partially enclosed, coastal water bodies where freshwater meats saltwater from the ocean. They are influenced by tides but still protected from the full force of ocean waves. Estuaries are often referred to as bays or sounds. Estuarine coastlines can experience erosion through short-term processes, such as tides, storms, wind, and boat wakes, as well as long-term processes, such as sea level rise. Many variables determine the rate of estuarine erosion including shoreline type, geographic location and size of the associated estuary, the type and abundance of vegetation, and the frequency and intensity of storms. Warning Time: 1 —More than 24 hours Duration: 3—Less than 1 week Location Erosion can occur along any shoreline in the County. In Monroe County, erosion is typically caused by coastal tides, ocean currents, and especially storm events such as hurricanes and tropical storms. Erosion rates are dependent on many characteristics, including soil type. The Lower Keys, having more calcium carbonate beaches, are more susceptible to erosion than the Upper and Middle Keys. In fact, the Upper Keys do not have naturally occurring beaches are thus less susceptible to erosion.The Florida Department Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT of Environmental Protection (DEP) regularly monitors Florida's coastline and determines geographic areas of the state that are at high risk to erosion. DEP defines a critical erosion area as: "a segment of shoreline where natural processes or human activity have caused or contributed to erosion and recession of beach or dune system to such a degree that upland development, recreational interest, wildlife habitat, or important cultural resources are threatened or lost. Critical erosion areas may also include peripheral segments or gaps between identified critical erosion areas which, although they may be stable or slightly erosional now, their inclusion is necessary for continuity of management of the coastal system or for the design integrity of adjacent beach management projects." Per DEP's Strategic Beach Management Plan, there are 36.3 miles of beaches in the Florida Keys Region, from just south of Key Biscayne (in Miami-Dade County)to the Dry Tortugas(in Monroe County). Of these beaches, 13.8 miles are critically eroded, all in the Monroe County portion of the region.Table 4.56 below lists the locations of these critically eroded beaches as reported in the 2019 Critically Eroded Beaches report. These shorelines are also mapped in Figure 4.24. Mainland beaches of Key McLaughlin and Cable Sable fronting the Gulf of Mexico are not included in the list below due to insufficient data, however both beaches did sustain severe erosion during Hurricane Wilma in 2005. The Distal Sand keys, west of Key West, were also left out of the below assessment due to insufficient evidence. More details on the methods used to determine the location of critically eroded beaches and the impacts of such erosion on individual locations may be found in Florida DEP's Critically Eroded Beaches Report. Spatial Extent:3—Moderate Table 4.56—Critically Eroded Shorelines, Monroe County Eroding Shoreline Region Erosion Condition Miles of Critically Eroded Beach Sea Oats Beach, Lower Matecumbe Key Middle Keys Critical 1.3 Long Key Middle Keys Critical 1.6 Curry Hammock, Little Crawl Key Middle Keys Critical 0.3 Coco Plum Beach Middle Keys Critical 1.4 Key Colony Beach Middle Keys Critical 0.9 Sunset Beach Middle Keys Critical 0.2 Sombrero Beach,Vaca Key Middle Keys Critical 0.3 Little Duck Key Lower Keys Critical 0.2 Bahia Honda Key Lower Keys Critical 2.0 Long Beach, Big Pine Key Lower Keys Critical 1.1 Boca Chica Key Lower Keys Critical 1.3 Key West Lower Keys Critical 2.8 Simonton Beach Lower Keys Critical 0.1 Fort Zachary Taylor Lower Keys Critical 0.3 Total 13.8 Source:Florida DEP Critically Eroded Beaches Report,2019 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.24—Critically Eroded Beaches, Monroe County, 2019 Monroe Courity,FL coonty ELN EMC Source:Florida ocp Critically Eroded Beaches Report,zozy Extent The magnitude of erosion can be measured as a rate nf change from a measured previous condition. Erosion rates can vary significantly across the county due to several factors including fetch, shoreline orientation and soil composition.To account for these variations, long-term erosion can also be measured by land cover changes and increases in open water. While a small fraction of the shoreline may exhibit accretion over short period of time, cumulative impacts can still indicate an overall |no of estuarine coastline and marsh habitat.Table4.57 providesfrom the NOAACoastal ChangeAnalysis Program (C-CAP) Land Cover Atlas showing land cover changes in the County from 1996tnI010. Table 4.S7—Land Cover Changes, 1996-2O1O Land Cover Type Monroe Net Change Monroe Percent Change Developed, High Intensity 0.87 sq. mi 6.10% Developed, Low Intensity 0.86 sq. mi 6.76% Developed,Open Space 0.16 sq. mi 2.70% Source: Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT The C-CAP data indicates a net increase in open water, however the percentage increase is less than one- half of one percent. The County saw a large, almost 76 percent, increase in forested land, and small decreases in both woody and emergent wetlands. Increases in developed land likely result in increased impervious surfaces, which may increase stormwater runoff, alter drainage patterns, and further exacerbate erosion and flood issues. In terms of the magnitude of impacts, erosion may cause property damage when severe but is unlikely to cause injury or death. In the 2015 LMS, it was noted that much of the reported property damage caused by erosion was to public facilities and park infrastructure. The following table summarizes potential expected impacts by critical erosion area as reported by DEP. Table 4.58—Impacts of Critically Eroded Shorelines, Monroe County Eroding Shoreline Potential Impacts Sea Oats Beach, Lower Matecumbe Key Recreational interests, private development & U.S. Highway 1 along Sea Oats Beach Long Key Recreational interests in Long Key State Park&private development Curry Hammock, Little Crawl Key Recreational interests at Curry Hammock State Park Coco Plum Beach Private development, wildlife habitats & recreational interests at Monroe County park Key Colony Beach Private development Sunset Beach Recreational interests Sombrero Beach,Vaca Key Monroe county public park Little Duck Key Monroe county public park Bahia Honda Key Recreational interests, park road&park development Long Beach, Big Pine Key Boca Chica Key Recreational interests&park road Key West Recreational interests—complete elimination of recreational beach Simonton Beach Recreational interests as city park Fort Zachary Taylor Recreational interests at state park Source:Florida DEP Critically Eroded Beaches Report,2019 Impact:2—Limited Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ..r SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.25—Erosional Hotspots, Monroe County Broward Collier _----- --—--—--_- LI I Miami-Dade 4 Monroe I � t -r � f 4 ° a �/Islamorada o { At �1 Marathon Layton 9`h >y' Key Colony ' r Beach 1 �r F 1 q � a o Key West 0 8 16 24 32 Legend IN MiesCritical �Municipalities Map Created By:GMS Critical Inlet s`,� Monroe County Date Created:3510W — WOOd Sources.Esn MonroeCoun[y �NORCfItICaI FL.NCAA r�Counties • -+� Noncritical Inlet Source:NCAA Mnnrna County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Historical Occurrences As Figure 4.25 shows, shoreline erosion is occurring along ocean coastlines throughout Monroe County. Erosion is typically an ongoing process; however, it can be intensified and accelerated during storm events, particularly hurricane storm tides. Per an examination of event narratives in NCEI records for hurricanes,tropical storms,storm surges, and coastal floods,the following instances of major erosion are noted in Monroe County: August 17,2008(Tropical Storm)—Tropical Storm Fay crossed through the Lower Florida Keys of Monroe County during the evening of August 18. Damage and preparedness costs to government facilities and infrastructure totaled 2.8 million dollars, with about one million dollars due to coastal flooding damage to roads, and 200,000 dollars due to erosion. September 9, 2008 (Tropical Storm) — Hurricane Ike passed well southwest of the Florida Keys and into the Gulf of Mexico. However, Ike's large wind field produced tropical storm force winds during September 9-10, 2008. Total damage to government property in Monroe County was estimated at $13.5 million dollars. Approximately $1.2 million damage in debris removal and erosion occurred county-wide due to storm surge flooding,with$2.6 million estimated from combined effects from wind and wind-blown rain. Erosion occurred to the causeways surrounding the Card Sound Bridge. The Strategic Beach Management Plan report notes the following storms caused erosion of County beaches: Hurricane Andrew(1992; Upper Keys) Hurricane Georges (1998; Upper, Middle, and Lower Keys) Hurricane Irene(1999; Middle and Lower Keys) Hurricanes Rita and Wilma (2005; Upper, Middle, and Lower Keys) Tropical Storm Fay(2008) Hurricane Isaac (2012) Hurricane Irma (2017) Hurricane Irma caused moderate to severe erosion along most beaches in the Middle and Lower Florida Keys.As reported in the Hurricane Irma Post-Storm Report, as Irma made landfall in the Keys with the eye around Cudjoe Key, areas within and to the east of the eye sustained major beach and dune erosion, including complete destruction of entire dune systems in some cases along with destruction of fences and beach access walkways. The Lower Keys to the west of the eye, in the weak quadrant, sustained only minor beach erosion. Details by location can be found in the Post-Storm Report. Probability of Future Occurrence Erosion and accretion are natural processes that are likely to continue to occur. The likelihood of significant instances of erosion will likely be tied to the occurrence of hurricane, tropical storm, and nor'easter events. Although NCEI only reports on erosion impacts from 2 events over the 20-year span between 2000 through 2019, DEP reports on an additional 4 events. In total, this equates to a 30 percent chance of erosion occurring every year. Additionally, drawing from the likelihood of hurricanes, tropical storms, and Nor'easters, erosion is likely to occur. Probability: 3—Likely Climate Change As discussed under Climate Change in Section 4.5.2,climate change is expected to make heavy rain events and tropical storms and hurricanes more frequent and intense. As a result, the erosion typically caused by these storms can be expected to occur more frequently. Coastal erosion is also expected to increase Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 � r SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT as a result of rising seas. A 2018 study found that globally, between 1984 and 2015 erosion outweighed accretion. However, the study could not conclude the degree to which erosion during this period is attributed to climate changes or increased coastal development. Nonetheless, increases in erosion have been observed and are expected to continue. Vulnerability Assessment People Erosion is unlikely to have any direct impact on the health or safety of individuals. However, it may cause indirect harm by weakening structures and by changing landscapes in ways that increase risk of other hazard impacts. For example, erosion of dune systems causes areas protected by those dunes to face higher levels of risk. Property Property damage due to erosion typically only results in conjunction with large storm events which also bring wind and water damages. These events can cause scour and weaken foundations, which may undermine affected buildings' structural integrity. Data is not available on specific property or critical facility risk to erosion. Environment Erosion can change the shape and characteristics of coastal shorelines. Eroded material may clog waterways and decrease drainage capacity. Erosion can also negatively impact water quality by increasing sediment loads in waterways. Consequence Analysis Table 4.59 summarizes the potential negative consequences of erosion. Table 4.59—Consequence Analysis—Erosion Category Consequences Public Erosion is unlikely to impact public health and safety. Responders Erosion is unlikely to require immediate response or rescue operations. Continuity of Operations Erosion is unlikely to impact public continuity of operations. (including Continued Delivery of Services) Property, Facilities and Erosion can result in property damage if it is severe enough or if scour occurs that Infrastructure undermines the integrity of structural foundations. Environment Erosion can increase sediment loads in waterbodies and change riverine and coastal topography. Economic Condition of the Beach re-nourishment projects to counter erosion are extremely costly. Water Jurisdiction dependent industries may suffer from lost shoreline and degraded water quality. Public Confidence in the Erosion is unlikely to impact public confidence. Jurisdiction's Governance Associated Hazards Natural hazards are, more often than not, interconnected. Any given hazard may lead to, or be spurred by, another hazard — sometimes referred to as cascading disasters. Coastal Erosion may be associated with: Tropical Cyclones, Coastal Storms, Storm Surge, and Flood. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Changes in Development Increased development along the coastal areas vulnerable to erosion could speed up or intensify existing erosion processes. Enhanced development anywhere on the coast could create new erosional hotspots if not managed properly. Problem Statements U.S. Highway 1 is at risk where erosion is occurring along Sea Oats Beach. Erosion that impacts US Highway 1 could interrupt transportation on the entire Island Chain. As highlighted in Table 4.58, numerous recreational beaches and parks are at risk due to Coastal Erosion. Loss of such beaches would threaten the Keys' vital tourist economy. Mitigation strategies to address losses caused by coastal erosion should align with the Strategic Beach Management Plan for the Florida Keys Region. Hazard Summary by Jurisdiction The following table summarizes erosion hazard risk by jurisdiction. Exposure to erosion varies slightly across jurisdictions, particularly in spatial extent. The ratings below are based on the length of miles of critically eroded beaches in each jurisdiction.The impact or erosion across jurisdictions is relatively similar — impacting public and private interests. Importantly, if erosion impacts transportation infrastructure it effects public and private interests the same. Layton is the only jurisdiction without a critically eroded shoreline, so it received impact and spatial extent ratings of 1; however, given the number of hurricanes and storms that impact the county, there is still a possibility that erosion might occur in the future, therefore it was rated as probable. Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority Key Colony Beach 3 2 2 1 3 2.3 M Key West 3 2 3 1 3 2.5 M Layton 2 1 1 1 3 1.5 L Marathon 3 2 3 1 3 2.5 M Islamorada 3 2 2 1 3 2.3 M Unincorporated 3 2 3 1 3 2.5 M Monroe County Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 4.5.7 Drought Hazard Probability Impact Spatial Warning Time Duration PRI Extent Score Drought Likely Minor Large More than 24 hrs More than 1 week 2.5 Hazard Description Drought is a deficiency in precipitation over an extended period. It is a normal, recurrent feature of climate that occurs in virtually all climate zones. The duration of a drought varies widely. There are cases when drought develops relatively quickly and lasts a very short period, exacerbated by extreme heat and/or wind, and there are other cases when drought spans multiple years, or even decades. Studying the paleoclimate record is often helpful in identifying when long-lasting droughts have occurred. Common types of drought are detailed below in Table 4.60. Table 4.60—Types of Drought Type Details Meteorological Drought Meteorological Drought is based on the degree of dryness (rainfall deficit) and the length of the dry period. Agricultural Drought is based on the impacts to agriculture by factors such as rainfall Agricultural Drought deficits, soil water deficits, reduced ground water, or reservoir levels needed for irrigation. Hydrological Drought Hydrological Drought is based on the impact of rainfall deficits on the water supply such as stream flow, reservoir and lake levels,and ground water table decline. Socioeconomic drought is based on the impact of drought conditions (meteorological, agricultural, or hydrological drought) on supply and demand of Socioeconomic Drought some economic goods. Socioeconomic drought occurs when the demand for an economic good exceeds supply as a result of a weather-related deficit in water supply. The wide variety of disciplines affected by drought, its diverse geographical and temporal distribution, and the many scales drought operates on make it difficult to develop both a definition to describe drought and an index to measure it. Many quantitative measures of drought have been developed in the United States, depending on the discipline affected, the region being considered, and the application. Several indices developed by Wayne Palmer, as well as the Standardized Precipitation Index, are useful for describing the many scales of drought. The U.S. Drought Monitor provides a summary of drought conditions across the United States and Puerto Rico. Often described as a blend of art and science, the Drought Monitor map is updated weekly by combining a variety of data-based drought indices and indicators and local expert input into a single composite drought indicator. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) devised in 1965, was the first drought indicator to assess moisture status comprehensively. It uses temperature and precipitation data to calculate water supply and demand, incorporates soil moisture, and is considered most effective for unirrigated cropland. It primarily reflects long-term drought and has been used extensively to initiate drought relief. It is more complex than the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Drought Monitor. The Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)is a way of measuring drought that is different from the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Like the PDSI, this index is negative for drought, and positive for wet conditions. But the SPI is a probability index that considers only precipitation, while Palmer's indices are water balance indices that consider water supply (precipitation), demand (evapotranspiration) and loss (runoff). Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT The State of Florida adopted a Drought Action Plan in 2007 that specifies response strategies to varying levels of declared drought. These rules provide the framework to coordinate statewide response to drought. Warning Time: 1 —More than 24 hours Duration: 4—More than one week Location Drought is a regional hazard that can impact large swaths of land —across county and even state lines. In the event of a drought, the entirety of Monroe County will experience impacts. Drought is a regional hazard that can cover an entire planning area, and in some cases the entire state. Figure 4.26 below notes the U.S. Drought Monitor's drought ratings for Florida as of December 31, 2019; as of that date, Monroe County was experiencing some abnormally dry land and moderate drought on the eastern side of the county. Figure 4.27 shows the same ratings for Florida as of June 161h; at this point none of Monroe County or the South Florida region was experiencing any level of drought, highlighting the variability of the hazard. Spatial Extent:4—Large Figure 4.26— US Drought Monitor for Week of December 31, 2019 U.S. Drought Monitor December 31, 2019 (Released Thursday Jan.2.2020) Florida Valid 7 a.m.EST y Intensity: None D 3 Abnormally Dry D1 Moderate Drought D2 Severe Drought - D3 Extreme Drought - D4 Exceptional Drought The Drought Monitor focuses on broad-scale conditions.Local conditions may vary.For more nformation on be[bought Monitor,go to htrpsJ/droughtmonitor.unl.ed u/About.aspx Author. Brad Pugh CPCIN OAA USDA aim droughtmonitor.unl.edu Source: U.S.Drought Monitor Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.27— US Drought Monitor for Week of June 16, 2020 U.S. Drought Monitor June 16, 2020 7hursday,Jun. Florida (Release Valid 8 a.m.EDT 78.2020) Intensify. None DO Abnormally Dry D1 Moderate Drought D2 Severe Drought - D3 Extreme Drought - D4 Exceptional Drought The Drought Monitor Focuses on broad-scale conditions.Loral conditions may vary.For more v7tormation on be❑roughtMonitor,go to htlpolldroughtmonitor.unl.ed u/Abvut.aspx Author: Richard Tinker CP C1N CAAIN W SINCE P USDA Y � W droughtmonitor.unl.edu Source: U.S.Drought Monitor Extent Drought extent can be defined in terms of intensity, using the U.S. Drought Monitor scale. The Drought Monitor Scale measures drought episodes with input from the Palmer Drought Severity Index, the Standardized Precipitation Index, the Keetch-Byram Drought Index, soil moisture indicators, and other inputs as well as information on how drought is affecting people. Figure 4.28 details the classifications used by the U.S. Drought Monitor. A category of D2 (severe) or higher on the U.S. Drought Monitor Scale can typically result in crop or pasture losses,water shortages, and the need to institute water restrictions. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.28—US Drought Monitor Classifications em Possible Impacts Going into drought: • short-term dryness slowing planting, DO Abnormally growtnofcropsor pas ores -1.0 to-1.9 21 to 30 21 to 30 -0.5 to-0.7 21 to 30 Dry CDCnllDutofdrought: • some fingering water deficits • pastures or crops not fully recovered • Some daimage to icmps,pasWii— D1 Moderate stream. ro water shortage,developing an imminent 2.0 to-2.9 1 to20 11 t0 20 Q.EfS t0-1.2 11 tD 2D Drought • Voluntary water-use restrictions requested severe Crop or pasture losses likely D2 water shortages common -3.0 t0-3.9 6 to 10 6 to 10 -1.3 to-1.5 6 t0 10 Drought water restrictions imposed Extreme Major crcplpastum losses Drought • Widespread watershortages ar restriirtions - .D t0-$.9 3 t0 5 3 t0 5 -1.6 t0-1.9 3 to 5 • Exceptional and widespreadcrop/pasture Exceptional loses Shortages ofwaterin reservoirs, -5.0 or Ie55 0t0 2 O t0 2 -2.0 or less D t0 2 Drought and wells creating water emergencies Source:US Drought Monitor Drought in Florida occurs on a regular, cyclical basis. The different areas of Florida are randomly affected and sometimes equally affected. Counties that are expected to experience the most weeks of drought each year are the northern and central counties. Impact:1 —Minor Historical Occurrences The worst drought in Florida's recorded history was from 1954-1956 resulting in the loss of many of crops and a lot timber were lost.The Northern Counties got the worst part of the drought but most of the State was in drought for all of 1956. Another major drought occurred in 1981-1982 when rain was scarce, and Lake Okeechobee reached the lowest water level ever recorded. All the State was in moderate or severe drought, but many regions were out of drought by the end of 1981. Florida had another severe drought from 1998 to 2001. During this, crops were destroyed, lake levels were at an all-time low, and wildfires raged. This drought caused the water management districts to restrict water use, municipalities to hike water rates, and many restaurants were ordered to stop serving water except for to customers who asked.Several wildfires also occurred in 2007, including one in Monroe County, because of a drought from 2006 to 2007. This period saw the largest rainfall deficit since the 1950s and was considered a one in 25-year drought event. From 2010 to 2012, the State saw a drought that affected most counties, but the northern central and Panhandle regions were classified as in "extreme drought"for an extended period.Again in 2016, drought conditions developed and lasted into 2017 causing many wildfires. There has never been a Presidential Major Disaster Declaration for drought in Florida. However,the USDA has declared agricultural disasters because of drought. Disaster designations help producers get loans and emergency assistance in these situations. U.S. Drought Monitor records drought intensity weekly throughout the country. Table 4.61 presents the number of weeks that Monroe County spent in drought by intensity over the period from 2000 through 2019, for which the Drought Monitor has records for 1,043 weeks. Note that the U.S. Drought Monitor Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 E SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT reports drought history as the percentage of County land area in each category of drought by week. Note that the table below counts a week in a given category if the largest percentage of land area falls within that category for that week. Table 4.61—Weeks in Drought, 2000-2019 Weeks in Drought %of time in Severe County Total DO D1 D2 D3 D4 Drought or Worse Monroe 368 207 102 56 3 0 16% Source:U.S.Drought Monitor History Figure 4.29 shows the historical periods where the County was considered in some level of drought condition.The color key shown in Figure 4.28 indicates the intensity of the drought. Figure 4.29—US Drought Monitor Historical Trends, Monroe County Monroe County(FL)Percent Area ,WM% GC.3% N N N N N N N N AJ N N M ti ti 0 o a o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o a o 0 0 o c o 0 o a o Source: U.S.Drought Monitor The National Drought Mitigation Center(NDMC), located at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, provides a clearinghouse for information on the effects of drought, based on reports from media,observers, impact records, and other sources. According to the National Drought Mitigation Center's Drought Impact Reporter, during the 10-year period from 2010 through 2019, 389 county level drought impacts were noted for the State of Florida, of which 26 were reported to affect Monroe County.Table 4.62 summarizes the number of impacts reported by category and the years impacts were reported for each category. Note that the Drought Impact Reporter assigns multiple categories to each impact. Table 4.62—Drought Impacts Reported for Monroe County,January 2010 through 2019 Category Impacts Years Reported Agriculture 3 2010, 2015, 2017 Business& Industry 1 2011 Fire 10 2010, 2011, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Plants&Wildlife 6 2011, 2012, 2015, 2017 Relief, Response& Restrictions 18 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Society& Public Health 0 -- Tourism & Recreation 1 2012 Water Supply&Quality 12 2011, 2012, 2015, 2017 Source:Drought Impact Reporter,http://droughtreporter.unl.edu Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Probability of Future Occurrence Over the 20-year period,for which the U.S. Drought Monitor reported on 1,043 weeks,from 2000 to 2019, Monroe County had 368 weeks of drought conditions ranging from abnormally dry to extreme drought. This equates to a 35 percent chance of drought in any given week. Of this time, approximately 59 weeks were categorized as a severe (D2) drought or greater; which equates to a 6 percent chance of severe drought in any given week. The central and southern regions of Florida are likely to experience 0 to 13 weeks of drought each year. This hazard was determined to occur about every 5 to 10 years. In Monroe County, although drought is experienced, it is unlikely it will be widespread or prolonged. At most, 91 percent of the county experienced D2 level drought; D3 level drought was only ever impacted 46 percent of the county. Probability:3—Likely Climate Change The Fourth National Climate Assessment reports that average and extreme temperatures are increasing across the country and average annual precipitation is decreasing in the Southeast. Heavy precipitation events are becoming more frequent, meaning that there will likely be an increase in the average number of consecutive dry days. As temperature is projected to continue rising, evaporation rates are expected to increase, resulting in decreased surface soil moisture levels. Together, these factors suggest that drought will increase in intensity and duration in the Southeast. Vulnerability Assessment People Drought can affect people's physical and mental health. For those economically dependent on a reliable water supply, drought may cause anxiety or depression about economic losses, reduced incomes, and other employment impacts. Conflicts may arise over water shortages. People may be forced to pay more for water,food, and utilities affected by increased water costs. Drought may also cause health problems due to poorer water quality from lower water levels. If accompanied by extreme heat, drought can also result in higher incidents of heat stroke and even loss of human life. The Florida Keys experience dry and wet seasons and are sometimes characterized by an arid climate. As the County is supplied by water from the mainland, residents always need to be aware of preserving water, but especially during drought periods.The Florida Key's Aqueduct Authority and the South Florida Water Management District will issue restrictions as needed. Such restrictions are predominantly intended for lawn and vegetation maintenance, but irresponsible water use will affect residents' access to water with continued development. Property Drought is unlikely to cause damages to the built environment, including private property or critical facilities. However, in areas with shrinking and expansive soils, drought may lead to structural damages. Drought may cause severe property loss for the agricultural industry in terms of crop and livestock losses. The USDA's Risk Management Agency (RMA) maintains a database of all paid crop insurance claims, however no claims were made in Monroe County between 2007-2018 as a result of drought. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Environment Drought can affect local wildlife by shrinking food supplies and damaging habitats. Sometimes this damage is only temporary,and other times it is irreversible. Wildlife may face increased disease rates due to limited access to food and water. Increased stress on endangered species could cause extinction. Residents are aware of the need to use native vegetation and ground cover to avoid the need for excessive watering. Drought conditions can also provide a substantial increase in wildfire risk. As plants and trees die from a lack of precipitation, increased insect infestations, and diseases—all of which are associated with drought—they become fuel for wildfire. Long periods of drought can result in more intense wildfires, which bring additional consequences for the economy, the environment, and society. Drought may also increase likelihood of wind and water erosion of soils. Consequence Analysis Table 4.63 summarizes the potential negative consequences of drought. Table 4.63—Consequence Analysis- Drought Category Consequences Public Can cause anxiety or depression about economic losses, conflicts over water shortages, reduced incomes, fewer recreational activities, higher incidents of heat stroke,and fatality. Responders Impacts to responders are unlikely. Exceptional drought conditions may impact the amount of water immediately available to respond to wildfires. Continuity of Operations Drought would have minimal impacts on continuity of operations due to the (including Continued relatively long warning time that would allow for plans to be made to maintain Delivery of Services) continuity of operations. Property, Facilities and Drought has the potential to affect water supply for residential, commercial, Infrastructure institutional,industrial,and government-owned areas. Drought can reduce water supply in wells and reservoirs. Utilities may be forced to increase rates. Environment Environmental impacts include strain on local plant and wildlife; increased probability of erosion and wildfire. Economic Condition of the Farmers may face crop losses or increased livestock costs. Businesses that Jurisdiction depend on farming may experience secondary impacts. Extreme drought has the potential to impact local businesses in landscaping, recreation and tourism, and public utilities. Public Confidence in the When drought conditions persist with no relief, local or State governments must Jurisdiction's Governance often institute water restrictions,which may impact public confidence. Associated Hazards Natural hazards are, more often than not, interconnected. Any given hazard may lead to, or be spurred by, another hazard — sometimes referred to as cascading disasters. Drought may be associated with: Wildfire and Extreme Heat. Changes in Development Drought is predominantly controlled by larger weather patterns and less by human development. However, increased development and the resulting increasing impervious surfaces would mean less surface water would be able to directly infiltrate into the ground. Further, because the County's water is predominantly supplied bythe Biscayne aquifer in Miami-Dade County, new development and population growth in Monroe County as well as Miami-Dade and other areas supplied by the aquifer will increase Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT water demand. In turn, this could lower the threshold for socioeconomic drought in terms of an inability of water supply to mee water demand. Problem Statements Drought is a regional hazard. If drought impacts Monroe County, it will similarly be impacting neighboring counties and towns.The Keys get most of their drinking water from the Biscayne Aquifer and supplement with water from the Floridan Aquifer. In the case of a drought, water supply could be impacted. Water is already transported long distances to reach the keys, and in drought circumstances the distance water must travel could increase. Drought can create or exacerbate water quality issues. Though the Biscayne Aquifer is of superior quality, the Floridan Aquifer is considered brackish and experience saltwater intrusion; a drought Hazard Summary by Jurisdiction The following table summarizes drought hazard risk by jurisdiction. Drought risk is uniform across the planning area. Warning time, duration, and spatial extent are inherent to the hazard and remain constant across jurisdictions. Drought most commonly and severely impacts agricultural activities, of which there are few in the County. In more heavily developed areas, the magnitude of drought is less severe, with lawns and local gardens affected and potential impacts on already constrained local water supplies during severe, prolonged drought. Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority Key Colony Beach 3 1 4 1 4 2.5 M Key West 3 1 4 1 4 2.5 M Layton 3 1 4 1 4 2.5 M Marathon 3 1 4 1 4 2.5 M Islamorada 3 1 4 1 4 2.5 M Unincorporated 3 1 4 1 4 2.5 M Monroe County Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 �t SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 4.5.8 Extreme Heat Hazard Probability Impact Spatial Warning Time Duration PRI Extent Score Extreme Heat Likely Limited Large More than 24 hrs Less than 1 week 2.7 Hazard Description Per information provided by FEMA, in most of the United States extreme heat is defined as a long period (2 to 3 days)of high heat and humidity with temperatures above 90 degrees. In extreme heat,evaporation is slowed, and the body must work extra hard to maintain a normal temperature,which can lead to death by overwork of the body. Extreme heat often results in the highest annual number of deaths among all weather-related disasters. Per Ready.gov: • Extreme heat can occur quickly and without warning • Older adults, children, and sick or overweight individuals are at greater risk from extreme heat • Humidity increases the feeling of heat as measured by heat index Ambient air temperature is one component of heat conditions, with relative humidity being the other. The relationship of these factors creates what is known as the apparent temperature. The Heat Index Chart in Figure 4.30 uses both factors to produce a guide for the apparent temperature or relative intensity of heat conditions. Figure 4.30—Heat Index Chart NWS Heat Index Temperature (T) 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 40 80 81 83 85 88 91 94 97 101 105 109 114 119 124 45 80 82 84 87 89 93 96 100 104 109 114 119 124 50 81 83 85 88 91 95 99 103 108 113 118 124 55 81 84 86 89 93 97 101 106 112 117 124 2s 60 82 84 88 91 95 100 105 110 116 123 E 65 82 85 89 93 98 103 108 114 121 70 83 86 90 95 100 105 112 119 75 84 88 92 97 103 109 116 124 80 84 89 94 100 106 113 121 85 85 90 96 102 110 117 90 86 91 98 105 113 122 17 95 86 93 100 108 117 1100187 95 103 112 121 Likelihood of Heat Disorders with Prolonged Exposure or Strenuous Activity [] Caution Extreme Caution E, Danger Exlrerne Danger Source:National Weather Service(NWS)https://www.weather.gov/safety/heat-index Note:Exposure to direct sun can increase Heat Index values by as much as 15°F.The shaded zone above 105°F corresponds to a heat index that may cause increasingly severe heat disorders with continued exposure and/or physical activity. During these conditions, the human body has difficulties cooling through the normal method of the evaporation of perspiration. Health risks rise when a person is overexposed to heat. The most dangerous place to be during an extreme heat incident is in a permanent home, with little or no air conditioning. Those at greatest risk for heat-related illness include people 65 years of age and older, young children, Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT people with chronic health problems such as heart disease, people who are obese, people who are socially isolated,and people who are on certain medications, such as tranquilizers,antidepressants, sleeping pills, or drugs for Parkinson's disease. However, even young and healthy individuals are susceptible if they participate in strenuous physical activities during hot weather or are not acclimated to hot weather.Table 4.64 lists typical symptoms and health impacts of heat exposure. Table 4.64—Typical Health Impacts of Extreme Heat Heat Index(HI) Disorder 80-90° F(HI) Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity 90-105° F(HI) Sunstroke, heat cramps,and heat exhaustion possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity 105-130° F(HI) I Heatstroke/sunstroke highly likely with continued exposure Source:National Weather Service Heat Index Program,www.weather.gov/os/heat/index.shtml The NWS has a system in place to initiate alert procedures (advisories or warnings) when the Heat Index is expected to have a significant impact on public safety. The expected severity of the heat determines whether advisories or warnings are issued. A common guideline for issuing excessive heat alerts is when the maximum daytime Heat Index is expected to equal or exceed 105 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and the night time minimum Heat Index is 80°F or above for two or more consecutive days. A heat advisory is issued when temperatures reach 105 degrees and a warning is issued at 115 degrees. Impacts of extreme heat are not only focused on human health, as prolonged heat exposure can have devastating impacts on infrastructure as well. Prolonged high heat exposure increases the risk of pavement deterioration, as well as railroad warping or buckling. High heat also puts a strain on energy systems and consumption, as air conditioners are run at a higher rate and for longer; extreme heat can also reduce transmission capacity over electric systems. Warning Time: 1 —More than 24 hours Duration:3—Less than one week Location The entire planning area is susceptible to high temperatures and incidents of extreme heat. Spatial Extent:4—Large Extent The extent of extreme heat can be defined by the maximum apparent temperature reached. Apparent temperature is a function of ambient air temperature and relative humidity and is reported as the heat index. The NWS Southern Region sets the following criteria for heat advisory and excessive heat warning: Heat Advisory—Heat Index of 108°F or higher or temperature of 103°F or higher Excessive Heat Warning—Heat Index of 113°F or higher for any duration or temperature of 103°F or higher Table 4.65 notes the highest temperature on record at nine weather stations in Monroe County according to the Southeast Regional Climate Center,which maintains temperature records for the highest maximum temperature each month. Table 4.65—Highest Temperature by Location Temperature Location Date 101°F Dry Tortugas August 1992 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Temperature Location Date 95*F Key West Int'I Airport September 2018* 97*F Bahia Honda State Park July/August 2005 97*F Curry Hammock State Park July 2011* 99*F Duck Key July 1987 93*F Islamorada August 2010 98*F Tavernier September 1963 95*F John Pennekamp State Park July 2018 97*F Flamingo Ranger Station September 2013 Source: Southeast Regional Climate Center;only for stations with records within the past 20 years. *Some maximum temperatures were recorded more than once,where this occurred,the most recent occurrence is noted. Impact:2—Limited Historical Occurrences NCEI records zero incidents of heat or excessive heat for Monroe County between 2000-2019. Heat index records maintained by the North Carolina Climate Office for the Southeastern United States indicate that the County regularly experiences heat index temperatures above 100°F.Table 4.66 provides counts of heat index values by threshold recorded from 2000-2019 at Key West Airport. Counts are provided as the number of hours in a given year where the heat index reached or exceeded 100°F. Table 4.66—Historical Heat Index Counts, Key West International Airport(KEYW), 2000-2019 Year Heat Index Value Total 100-104*F 105-109*F 110-114*F >_115*F 2000 268 27 1 0 296 2001 132 2 0 0 134 2002 438 34 1 0 473 2003 401 42 0 0 443 2004 301 6 0 0 307 2005 173 0 0 0 173 2006 22 0 0 0 22 2007 259 10 0 0 269 2008 90 0 0 0 90 2009 424 35 0 0 459 2010 311 22 0 0 333 2011 276 23 0 0 299 2012 41 0 0 0 41 2013 76 0 0 0 76 2014 253 24 1 2 280 2015 312 38 1 0 351 2016 543 35 0 0 578 2017 346 43 0 0 389 2018 371 48 0 0 419 2019 322 44 0 0 366 Sum 5,359 433 4 2 5,798 Average 268 22 0 0 290 Source:North Carolina Climate Office,Heat Index Climatology Tool Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT According to this data, Monroe County averages approximately 290 hours per year with heat index values above 100°F. Probability of Future Occurrence Data was gathered from the North Carolina State Climate Office's Heat Index Climatology Tool using the Key West International Airport weather station in the County as an approximation for Monroe County as a whole. Based on 20 years of available data, the County averages 290 hours per year with heat index temperatures above 100°F. Heat index temperatures surpassed 100°F every year,occurring for at least 20 hours per year. Probability:3—Likely Climate Change Research shows that average temperatures will continue to rise in the Southeast United States and globally, directly affecting Monroe County. Per the Fourth National Climate Assessment, "extreme temperatures are projected to increase even more than average temperatures. Cold waves are projected to become less intense and heat waves more intense." The number of days over 95°F is expected to increase by between 20 and 30 days annually, as shown in Figure 4.31. Figure 4.31—Projected Change in Number of Days Over 95°F Projected ❑ifference from Historical Climate r Change in Number of Days 0 10 20 30 40 50 Historical Climate (1971-2000) Projection (2041-2070) CI Number of Days 0 15 30 45 66 75 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Source:NOAA NCDC from 2014 National Climate Assessment Vulnerability Assessment Methodologies and Assumptions No data is available to assess the vulnerability of people or property in the planning area to extreme heat. People Extreme heat can cause heat stroke and even loss of human life.The elderly and the very young are most at risk to the effects of heat. People who are isolated are also more vulnerable to extreme heat.The table below summarizes the percent of each jurisdiction's total population that falls within these age groups. Jurisdiction Population under 5 Population over 65 years of age(%) years of age(%) Islamorada 2.3% 29.6% Key Colony Beach 0.0% 49.6% Key West 5.3% 15.4% Layton 0.0% 48.5% Marathon 4.9% 22.0% Unincorporated Monroe County 4.6% 23.2% Monroe County Total 4.7% 21.3% Source:U.S.Census Bureau,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates Property Extreme heat is unlikely to cause significant damages to the built environment. However, road surfaces can be damaged as asphalt softens, and concrete sections may buckle under expansion caused by heat. Train rails may also distort or buckle under the stress of head induced expansion. Power transmission lines may sag from expansion and if contact is made with vegetation the line may short out causing power outages. Additional power demand for cooling also increases power line temperature adding to heat impacts. Environment Wild animals are vulnerable to heat disorders like humans, including mortality. Vegetation growth will be stunted, or plants may be killed if temperatures rise above their tolerance extremes. Consequence Analysis Table 4.67 summarizes the potential negative consequences of extreme heat. Table 4.67—Consequence Analysis—Extreme Heat Category Consequences Public Extreme heat may cause illness and/or death. Responders Consequences may be greater for responders if their work requires exertion and/or wearing heavy protective gear. Continuity of Operations Continuity of operations is not expected to be impacted by extreme heat because (including Continued warning time for these events is long. Delivery of Services) Property, Facilities and Minor impacts may occur, including possible damages to road surfaces and power Infrastructure lines. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Environment Environmental impacts include strain on local plant and wildlife, including potential for illness or death. Economic Condition of the Farmers may face crop losses or increased livestock costs. Jurisdiction Public Confidence in the Extreme heat is unlikely to impact public confidence. Jurisdiction's Governance Associated Hazards Natural hazards are, more often than not, interconnected. Any given hazard may lead to, or be spurred by, another hazard — sometimes referred to as cascading disasters. Extreme may be associated with: Drought and Wildfire. Changes in Development More intensive development can increase the urban heat island effect — where the concentration of structures, infrastructure, and human activity traps and stores heat resulting in localized "heat islands." Information is not available on the extent to which impervious surface coverage has changed since the adoption of the previous hazard mitigation plan. Problem Statements Populations most vulnerable to the effects of excessive heat are children under the age of 5 and those over the age of 65. Key Colony Beach and Layton have close to 50%of their population in the 65 and above category. Key west has over 5%of its population in the under 5 category. The County and participating jurisdictions should identify community spaces that can serve as cooling centers and publicize those spaces in advance of predicted extreme heat. Hazard Summary by Jurisdiction The following table summarizes extreme heat hazard risk by jurisdiction. Extreme heat risk does not vary significantly by jurisdiction. Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority Key Colony Beach 3 2 4 1 3 2.7 M Key West 3 2 4 1 3 2.7 M Layton 3 2 4 1 3 2.7 M Marathon 3 2 4 1 3 2.7 M Islamorada 3 2 4 1 3 2.7 M Unincorporated 3 2 4 1 3 2.7 M Monroe County Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 4.5.9 Sea Level Rise and other Climate Change Characteristics Hazard Probability Impact Spatial Warning Time Duration PRI Extent Score Sea Level Rise and other Climate Change Likely Critical Large More than 24 hrs More than 1 week 3.1 Characteristics Hazard Description Sea level rise is the increase in sea levels as a result of atmospheric and oceanic warming which causes water expansion as well as ice melt from ice sheets and glaciers. Sea level rise is a result of global climate change. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forces such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions, and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use (IPCC, 2014). Climate change is a natural occurrence in which the earth has warmed and cooled periodically over geologic time. The recent and rapid warming of the earth over the past century has been cause for concern, as this warming is very likely due to the accumulation of human- caused greenhouse gases, such as CO2, in the atmosphere (IPCC, 2007). This warming is occurring almost everywhere in the world which suggests a global cause rather than changes in localized weather patterns. In 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported with high confidence that warming due to such emissions will cause long-term changes in the climate system such as sea level rise and its associated impacts. There are generally two separate mechanics involved in global sea level rise. The first is directly attributed to global temperature increases, which warm the oceans waters and cause them to expand. The second is attributed to the melting of ice over land which simply adds water to the oceans. Global sea level rise is likely caused by a combination of these two mechanics and can be exacerbated on the local level by factors such as erosion and subsidence. The rate of sea level rise has varied throughout geologic history, and studies have shown that global temperature and sea level are strongly correlated. Due to sea-level rise projected throughout the 21st century and beyond, coastal systems and low-lying areas will increasingly experience adverse impacts such as submergence, coastal flooding, and coastal erosion. The population and assets projected to be exposed to coastal risks as well as human pressures on coastal ecosystems will increase significantly in the coming decades due to population growth, economic development, and urbanization (IPCC, 2014). Monroe County is particularly vulnerable to the effects of sea level rise, due to its coastal location, subtropical environment, low topography and tourism economy. Warning Time:1 —More than 24 hours Duration:4—More than one week Location Sea level rise can occur anywhere along the coast in Monroe County.The Coastal Vulnerability Index(CVI), developed by United States Geological Survey (USGS), provides a preliminary overview of the relative susceptibility of the United States coast to sea level rise. The CVI is based on geomorphology, regional coastal slope,tide range,wave height, relative sea level rise, and shoreline erosion and acceleration rates. For each study area, each variable is scored on a 1-5 scale based on defined parameters, where "1" indicates low contribution to coastal vulnerability and "5" indicates high contribution to vulnerability. These scores are then aggregated into a single index through a mathematical formula.The resulting index gives an overview of where physical changes may occur due to sea-level rise. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.32 shows the CVI for Monroe County. The majority of the Florida Keys have a CVI rating of high, with the exception of Big Torch Key and Howe Key, which are rated moderate. The mainland coastline of Monroe County is also rated moderate. Spatial Extent:4—Large Figure 4.32—Coastal Vulnerability Index, Monroe County x � Coastal Vulnerability Index. Low Mcdeiat High •Very High Source:USGS Coastal Change Hazards Portal Extent Sea level rise is measured by the number of feet of relative rise and the areas that such rise would inundate.The estimated impacts of 1-foot, 2-foot,and 3-foot,sea level rise(SLR)are shown in Figure 4.33. Impacts on individual communities are mapped in each individual annex. The SLR estimate maps show inundation above mean higher high water (the average of each day's higher high tide line). SLR will likely affect coastal marsh lands as well as land along rivers, canals, and their tributaries. Additionally, SLR will likely increase future risk of flooding from the other flood hazards discussed later in this plan, as more land will have a lower elevation relative to sea level. Note that the data used to produce the map below does not illustrate the potential extent of Sea Level Rise on mainland Monroe County; Figure 4.34 on the following page displays the potential extent of 3 feet of seal level rise on the Mainland from the NOAA Sea Level Rise viewer. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.33—Sea Level Rise Inundation, Monroe County, FL B rowa rd Collier S � � I Miami-Dade Monroe I 4 I 1� I �r \ V r:l r Islamorada n MarathonLayton Key Colony �. Beach A P Key West 0 8 16 24 32 Legend N Miles 1 Ft Sea Level Rise Municipalities Map Created By:LAW 2 Ft Sea Level Rise r� Monroe County Date Cre It&L/29/2D20 — wood. sources:esd mo,r—county ♦FL 3 Ft Sea Level Rise rr�?Counties Source:NOAA Mnnrnp County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al _ + . - \ � .. , . . 119 - LL � _ © § »�W',2,V:« � � • : :«� \ * § - § z � � k \ � 2 LA 66 \ f z % o u @ / LIO � 0 $ 0 - 0 § o ® � . Q SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Sea level rise is a slow onset hazard, and because the full extent of anticipated sea level rise has not yet been realized,the effects of sea level rise have not yet been fully felt. However, sea level rise has already begun to cause "clear sky" or "nuisance" flooding, which is brought on by high tidewaters rather than storm or rain events. Tidal flooding causes temporary inundation of low-lying areas during high-tide events. While tidal flooding is not caused by sea level rise itself, a 2015 tidal flooding report published by NOAA notes that tidal flood rates are steadily increasing, and daily highest tides surpass fixed elevations increasingly frequently, due in part to sea level rise. According to NOAA, annual occurrences of high tide flooding have increased 5- to 10-fold since the 1960s. Sea level rise may cause flooding to occur more frequently and last for longer durations of time. Climate Central's Surging Seas Risk Finder data will be very useful to the County while planning for sea level rise. As sea level continues to rise,tidal flooding will continue to occur more frequently and over a greater inland area. Figure 4.35 shows areas in Monroe County that are susceptible to high tide flooding as defined by NOAA based on derived national flood thresholds from NOAA Technical Report NOS CO-OPS 086: Patterns and Projections of High Tide Flooding along the U.S. Coastline Using a Common Impact Threshold. Impact:3—Critical Figure 4.35—Areas Susceptible to High Tide Flooding, Monroe County flywood mm tl—i Beach of _ d 1. i M f c High Tide Flooding o •' SusceptiWe Areas Areas Not Mapped ii`., + BASEMAPS — Powered By ESRl 00,0000.00.0000 i Source:NOAA Coastal Flood Exposure Mapper Historical Occurrences Historic trends in local Mean Sea Level (MSL) are best determined from tide gauge records. The Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services(CO-OPS) has been measuring sea level for over 150 years, with tide stations operating on all U.S. coasts. Changes in MSL, either a sea level rise or sea level fall, have been computed at 128 long-term water level stations using a minimum span of 30 years of observations at each location. These measurements have been averaged by month to remove the effect of higher frequency phenomena (e.g. storm surge) in order to compute an accurate linear sea level trend. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.36 illustrates regional trends in sea level from NOAA. At the Key West, FL station (indicated by the green arrow in western Monroe County), the relative sea level trend is 2.47 mm/year with a 95% confidence interval of+/-0.15 mm/year based on monthly mean sea level data from 1913 to 2019 which is equivalent to a change of 0.81 feet in 100 years. At the Vaca Key station (indicated by the yellow arrow in the Middle Keys),the relative sea level trend is 3.85 mm/year with a 95%confidence interval of+/-0.45 mm/year based on data from 1971 to 2019;this is equivalent to a change of 1.26 feet in 100 years. Figure 4.36—Sea Level Trends, Monroe County + wmnl �a�e< Coral 6—Raton 6gcyprw<ss Springs —j� Reserv.rlon I1N1ple. F omp anc Beach F errt rcke Bq C�pnrealsa Fines H6••1y+ d Pq�lM I Homestead s xayne nia.nl Everglades F''^ MP.k Kai'4esl Leaflet I Esri The map above illustrates relative sea level trends,with arrows representing the direction and magnitude of change_Click on an arrow to access additional information about that station_ Relative Sea Level Trends mm/yr(feet/century) Above 9 fi to 9 3 to fi >D to 3 3 to D -fi to-3 -9 to-fi Below-9 (Above 3) (2 to 3)�tY(1 to 2)t(C)to 1) (-1 to 0)`�(-2 to-1} (-3 to-2} (Below-3) Source: http://tidesandcurrentshttp://tidesandcurrents.noaagov/sltrends/sltrends.shtml/sltrends/sltrends.shtml Figure 4.37 shows the monthly mean sea level at NOAA's Key West, FL station without the regular seasonal fluctuations due to coastal ocean temperatures, salinities, winds, atmospheric pressures, and ocean currents. The long-term linear trend is also shown, including its 95% confidence interval. The plotted values are relative to the most recent Mean Sea Level datum established by CO-OPS. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.37—Mean Sea Level Trends, Key West FL 8724580 Key West,Florida 2.47+ 0.15 mm;yr 0.60 —Linear Relative Sea Level Trend 0.45 —Upper 95%Confidence Interval — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —Lower 95%Confidence Interval _Monthly mean sea level with the 0.30 average seasonal cycle removed — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.15 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — VI L 0.00 N -0.15. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -0.30- - - - — — — — — - - - - - - — -0.45 -0.60 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Source:NOAA Tides and Currents,January 2020 The data above relies on a linear trend over more than a decade. As such, the trend misses subtle variations and especially larger increases as climate change and CO2 levels have increased in recent years. Perthe Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact's Unified Sea Level Rise Projection,this linear trend estimates approximately 2 inches of sea level rise at the Key West, FL tide gauge from 2000 through 2019. However, using 5-year averages of mean sea level, this estimate is closer to 3.9 inches of sea level rise from 2000 to 2017. This 5-year average of monthly mean sea level illustrates the variability of sea level and highlights the increase in sea level above the linear trend, especially in the last decade. Figure 4.38 from the Unified Projection document illustrates these variations by displaying monthly mean sea level, 5-year averages of mean sea level, and the linear mean sea level trend. Figure 4.38—Relative Sea Level Rise in Key West, FL 1s 1a �iffl Y N II1I� III.I �M I I 1! L � (.III I ll�llllllll� � .., 2000-2017: 3-9 � a a o 1992-2000: 0.2" a -s 1915-2017: 10.7" A = -10 Mean Sea Level —Mean Sea Level 5-YearAverage —...Linear(Mean Sea Level J Ili i 910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Year Source:Unified Sea Level Rise Projection,South Florida Regional Climate Change Compact Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT As noted previously, climate change and sea level rise can have varying impacts, including more frequent coastal flood days. Climate Central's Surging Seas Risk Finder notes that coastal floods are increasing. Figure 4.39 shows coastal flooding in the Key West Area (based on the Key West water level station)from 1955 through 2014 in 10-year increments. According to this data,from 1995 through 2004, the Key West area experienced 8 coastal flood days—seven of which were driven by climate-linked sea level rise. In the following 10 years, from 2005 through 2014, the number of coastal flood days increased to 32, a 300 percent increase. 30 of these coastal flood days can be attributed to climate-linked sea level rise. Figure 4.39—Coastal Flood Days, Key West, FL Coastal flood days ■ Driven by cliimate-linked sea level rise 2 Would have occurred anyway 30 25 20 15 10 - 5 0 1955-64 1965-74 1975-84 1985-94 1995-2O04 2005-14 Source:Climate Central Surging Seas Risk Finder(https://riskfinder.climatecentral.org/) In line with increased coastal flood days,the region is also seeing increasing intensity and duration of King Tides. King tides are predictable phenomenon that generally occur each fall when the alignment of the moon, sun, and Earth create a stronger gravitational pull on the ocean. Like many other coastal events, climate change has made King Tide flooding worse. In the Fall of 2019,the Upper Florida Keys experienced nearly three months of King Tide flooding, particularly in the Blackwaters Sound area.That year, Hurricane Dorian and other tropical storms in late August and early September interrupted the Gulf Stream,causing water to back up.Tides recorded along the Atlantic coast from the Carolinas to Florida were 6 to 18 inches higher than expected. Residents noted that in these low-lying areas with nowhere for water to drain, these events generally lasted seven to ten days in the past. Probability of Future Occurrence The Earth's changing climate will continue to drive nonlinear trends in Sea Level that deviate from historic trends.This is especially pertinent in the coastal communities of South Florida on the frontlines of climate Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT change and sea level rise and is the reason behind the South Florida Regional Climate Change Compact's Unified Sea Level Rise Projection. This document was created in unify the diversity of local Sea Level Rise projections in order to create a single, unified projection to ensure consistency in adaptation planning, policy, and infrastructure and siting design in the South Florida region. The first unified projection was developed and released in 2011, updated in 2015, and most recently updated in 2019. Each updated has incorporated new research and data. The 2019 update incorporated the potential for faster rates of melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet as well as regional sea level rise rates as reported in the Fourth National Climate Assessment. The most recent update begins in the year 2000, as this is the reference year for the most recently published NOAA projections, and uses two planning horizons: 20 years for land use (2040) and 50 years for infrastructure (2070). The projection used the Key West gauge as the reference gauge to maintain consistency with prior projections. The compact used three curves to guide various development across different time frames in the region. Importantly, the projections are regional rather than previously used global projections. The projections are as follows: Short term: by 2040, sea level in the region is projected to rise 10 to 17 inches above 2000 mean sea level. Medium term: by 2070, sea level in the region is projected to rise 21 to 54 inches above 2000 mean sea level. Long term: by 2120, sea level in the region is projected to rise 40 to 136 inches above 2000 mean sea level. These projections are based on three global curves adapted for regional application: the median of the IPCC AR5 RCP 8.5 scenario as the lowest boundary, the NOAA Intermediate High Curve as the upper boundary for short term use (until 2070) and the NOAA High Curve as the upper boundary for medium and long-term use. Figure 4.40 below shows these projections. The IPCC Median Curve and the NOAA Intermediate High curve form the lower and upper bounds, respectively, for short-term use (through 2070). The IPCC median curve represents the most likely average sea level before 2070; sea level is rise is unlikely to exceed the NOAA Intermediate High curve by 2100. The NOAA High curve forms the upper bound for medium- and long-term use. Sea level rise is very unlikely to be higher than this curve before 2100. Probability:3—Likely Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.40—Sea Level Rise Projections for Monroe County(1992-2100) Unified) Sea Level Rise Projection 16D 136 14D LL 0 12D N N C Y En 100 92 d � c O 80 LL 60 54 c m r L 40 C - � 40 C 39 U 17 cc 20 21 0 10 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2120 Year _1PCC Median -NOAAlntermed ate g'i PJ";w gh Source:Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact,Unified Sea Level Rise Projection(2019) Using the Unified Projection The intended use of the Unified Projection is for planning purposes. The projections are to be used by a variety of audiences,including elected officials, urban planners,engineers,and developers,among others, across short- and long-term planning horizons for new projects or adaptation of existing projects, including infrastructure siting and design. The projection is an important complement to a vulnerability assessment in order to inform the user of the potential magnitude and extent of sea level rise now and into the future using various scenarios with associated timelines. In making infrastructure siting decisions, users must consider the nature, value, interconnectedness, and lifespan of existing and proposed infrastructure.The following summarizes the Unified Projection's recommendations for application of the three curves: IPCC Median Curve: The lower bound of the projection; can be applied to most infrastructure projects before 2070 or whose failure would result in limited consequence to others. NOAA Intermediate High Curve: Consider designing to this curve for projects in need of a greater factor of safety; this includes projects with a design life beyond 50 years. NOAA High Curve: Existing and proposed critical infrastructure should be elevated using this curve; projects that are not easily replaceable, have a long design life, and are interdependent with other infrastructure or services are included in this application. Climate Change Sea level rise is a direct result of global climate change. Estimates for sea level rise are based on projected greenhouse gas emission levels and their associated impacts on global temperature change. Most sea level rise models do not fully account for ice melt, and therefore actual sea level rise may be significantly higher than current estimates suggest. As such, these projections contain substantial variability but are nonetheless important to consider when planning for coastal areas because they indicate where flooding can be expected should actual sea level rise meet estimated levels. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Vulnerability Assessment Methodologies and Assumptions Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise was assessed based on past occurrences nationally and internationally as well as data from NOAA, USGS,the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC),and other sources. In addition to the data presented below, the County's Watershed management plan and the Region's Climate Change Compact provide additional information about risks in the region. The draft of the draft of the Florida Keys Coastal Storm Risk Management Feasibility Study done by the United States Army Corps of Engineers for Monroe County provides additional insights into the impacts to people, the built environment, and the natural environment due not only to Sea Level Rise, but associated hazards likely to become more intense, such as coastal storms,storm surge, and erosion,due to climate change and the ensuing sea level rise. People Sea level rise will lead to increased flooding and the associated harms to humans,such as illness, or injury or death from driving into flooded waters and drowning. Property The increased number of flood days and general encroachment of shoreline associated with sea level rise will likely cause property damage, although it is unclear exactly what this will look like. Homes, businesses and vehicles will be susceptible to increased water damage. Homes within the areas that may be inundated will potentially be uninhabitable.Additionally, rising seas, and associated increased flood days, can overwhelm and undermine the effectiveness of stormwater drainage system and other infrastructure, such as roads and bridges.Table 4.68 estimates the number of parcels at risk to various levels of Sea Level Rise. In total, 47 percent of all parcels in the County will potentially be affected by 3 feet of sea level rise, and 93 percent of all affected parcels are residential. Table 4.68—Parcels Affected by Sea Level Rise, Monroe County and Incorporated Jurisdictions Occupancy Estimated Parcel Parcels Affected by Sea Level Rise Count(total) 1 Ft 2 Ft 3 Ft Islamorada 4,847 32 298 1,461 Commercial 152 4 13 34 Education 5 1 1 1 Government 9 1 2 3 Industrial 13 1 1 2 Religious 9 0 0 3 Residential 4,659 25 281 1,418 Key Colony Beach 1,372 0 12 185 Commercial 5 0 0 1 Education 0 0 0 0 Government 4 0 0 1 Industrial 0 0 0 0 Religious 0 0 0 0 Residential 1,363 0 12 183 Key West 7,233 34 1,316 3,773 Commercial 491 6 137 300 Education 14 0 4 9 Government 63 0 9 24 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Occupancy Estimated Parcel Parcels Affected by Sea Level Rise Count(total) 1 Ft 2 Ft 3 Ft Industrial 4 0 0 1 Religious 22 2 7 15 Residential 6,639 26 1,159 3,424 Layton 153 1 18 94 Commercial 4 0 1 1 Education 0 0 0 0 Government 4 1 2 2 Industrial 0 0 0 0 Religious 2 0 1 2 Residential 143 0 14 89 Marathon 5,477 65 646 2,502 Commercial 514 12 38 259 Education 14 0 1 5 Government 38 4 5 19 Industrial 43 0 2 15 Religious 22 1 3 8 Residential 4,846 48 597 2,196 Unincorporated Monroe County 22,097 688 4,667 11,398 Commercial 1,299 86 302 546 Education 17 0 4 11 Government 124 11 30 51 Industrial 92 5 16 32 Religious 25 2 9 14 Residential 20,540 584 4,306 10,744 Monroe County Total 41,179 820 6,957 19,413 Commercial 2,465 108 491 1,141 Education 50 1 10 26 Government 242 17 48 100 Industrial 152 6 19 50 Religious 80 5 20 42 Residential 1 38,190 1 683 1 6,369 18,054 Source:Monroe County Parcel Data,2020 The County's Watershed Management Plan, most recently updated in June 2019, provides a listing of critical facilities likely at risk to Sea Level Rise and potential inundation using Hazus methodology. Sea Level Rise can also create added pressure on the aquifers that serve Monroe County. The Biscayne Aquifer,which provides most of the drinking water for Monroe County is currently experiencing saltwater intrusion. Saltwater intrusion is a product of many factors— including increased usage of the water from the aquifer, which is particularly impacted by the growth of Miami-Dade County, where the aquifer is located, as well as Monroe County as well as seepage from the Turkey Point cooling canals. Sea level rise can further exacerbate this pattern. Further saltwater intrusion into the aquifer will impact the entire Monroe County population as it relies on drinking water from this source. Environment Sea level rise can have numerous negative consequences on the environment including increased erosion and all impacts associated with that.Another concern is the inundation of normally dry land,which could Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT lead to the loss of marshes and wetlands and the positive benefits associated with those areas. These areas buffer against waves and storm surge, protect from erosion and even encourage accretion, and provide natural wildlife habitats. Finally, sea level rise may lead to saltwater intrusion as the groundwater table may also rise, potentially leading to contaminated drinking and agriculture water. Consequence Analysis Table 4.69 summarizes the potential negative consequences of Sea Level Rise. Table 4.69—Consequence Analysis—Sea Level Rise Category Consequences Public Sea Level Rise may cause increased flooding which may lead to illness, injury, or death. Additionally, sea level rise may cause psychological stress from loss of home,economy,and culture. Responders Sea Level Rise induced flooding may cause increased burden on responders. Continuity of Operations As sea levels rise and cause more regular, chronic flooding, continuity of (including Continued operations, such as delivery of services may be interrupted due to localized Delivery of Services) disruption of roads,facilities,and/or utilities. Property, Facilities and Sea level rise can cause damage to property as flooding becomes more regular in Infrastructure the short term and as sea levels continue to rise in the long term. SLR can also compromise infrastructure such as drainage systems and roads. Environment Sea level rise can lead to increased erosion, salt water intrusion, and inundation of wetlands and previous dry land. Economic Condition of the Sea level rise can severely disrupt the economy,particularly in a region that relies Jurisdiction so heavily on tourism. Public Confidence in the Sea level rise is unlikely to impact public confidence. Jurisdiction's Governance Associated Hazards Natural hazards are, more often than not, interconnected. Any given hazard may lead to, or be spurred by, another hazard—sometimes referred to as cascading disasters. Sea Level Rise may be associated with: Tropical Cyclones, Storm Surge, Flood, and Coastal Erosion. Changes in Development New development at a local scale will not necessarily impact the rate of sea level rise. Increased development in potentially inundated areas, however, will increase vulnerability. Future development plans guiding future development must consider Sea Level Rise and areas of the county that will be inundated by SLR. Problem Statement Residential property is most likely to be affected by Sea Level Rise, which has implications on a local economy—both permanent and season residential units may no longer be livable. Education and outreach programs could increase residential and property owner buy-in on and implementation of mitigation options on an individual property scale. Various reports on Sea Level Rise in the region exist—mitigation strategies should consider all reports; specifically detailing Critical Facilities at risk to Sea Level Rise using a standard prediction would clarify mitigation strategies chosen to respond to this hazard. Key West, Marathon, Layton, and Unincorporated Monroe County will have the most parcels impacted by 2 feet of Sea Level Rise. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ugy SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Hazard Summary by Jurisdiction The following table summarizes sea level rise risk by jurisdiction. The coastal, low-lying geography of the region mean all jurisdictions face at least some risk from sea level rise. Impacts vary based on the number of parcels at risk to sea level rise - more developed jurisdictions are likely to see larger impacts. Spatial extent was varied byjurisdiction depending on the area exposed to sea level rise impacts. Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority Key Colony Beach 3 2 2 1 4 2.4 M Key West 3 3 4 1 4 3.1 H Layton 3 3 3 1 4 2.9 H Marathon 3 3 4 1 4 3.1 H Islamorada 3 2 3 1 4 2.6 H Unincorporated 3 3 4 1 4 3.1 H Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 :1 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 4.5.10 Radiological Incident Hazard Probability Impact Spatial Warning Time Duration PRI Extent Score Radiological Incident Unlikely Critical Moderate Less than 6 hours More than 1 week 2.6 Hazard Description A radiological incident is an occurrence resulting in the release of radiological material at a fixed facility (such as power plants, hospitals, laboratories, etc.) or in transit. Radiological incidents related to transportation are described as an incident resulting in a release of radioactive material during transportation. Transportation of radioactive materials through Florida over the interstate highway system is considered a radiological hazard. The transportation of radioactive material by any means of transport is licensed and regulated by the federal government. As a rule,there are two categories of radioactive materials that are shipped over the interstate highways: Low level waste consists primarily of materials that have been contaminated by low level radioactive substances but pose no serious threat except through long-term exposure. These materials are shipped in sealed drums within placarded trailers. The danger to the public is no more than a wide array of other hazardous materials. High level waste, usually in the form of spent fuel from nuclear power plants, is transported in specially constructed casks that are built to withstand a direct hit from a locomotive. Radiological emergencies at nuclear power plants are divided into classifications. Table 4.70 shows these classifications, as well as descriptions of each. Table 4.70—Radiological Emergency Classifications Emergency Classification Description Notification of Unusual Events are in progress or have occurred which indicate a potential degradation of Event(NOUE) the level of safety of the plant or indicate a security threat to facility protection has been initiated. No releases of radioactive material requiring offsite response or monitoring are expected unless further degradation of safety systems occurs. Alert Events are in progress or have occurred which involve an actual or potential substantial degradation of the level of safety of the plant or a security event that involves probable life-threatening risk to site personnel or damage to site equipment because of hostile action.Any releases are expected to be limited to small fractions of the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) Protective Action Guides(PAGs) Site Area Emergency Events are in progress or have occurred which involve actual or likely major failures (SAE) of plant functions needed for protection of the public or hostile action that results in intentional damage or malicious acts; 1) toward site personnel or equipment that could lead to the likely failure of or; 2) that prevent effective access to, equipment needed for the protection of the public. Any releases are not expected to result in exposure levels which exceed EPA PAG exposure levels beyond the site boundary. General Emergency Events are in progress or have occurred which involve actual or imminent substantial core degradation or melting with potential for loss of containment integrity or hostile action that results in an actual loss of physical control of the facility. Releases can be reasonably expected to exceed EPA PAG exposure levels offsite for more than the immediate site area. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Warning Time:4—Less than 6 hours Duration:4—More than one week Location Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station, located in the south of Miami-Dade County and northeast of the planning area, is a twin reactor nuclear power station. It has three currently operating units including two 802-megawatt units (units 3 and 4) and one 1,150-megawatt unit (unit 5). There are two retired 404- megawatt units (units 1 and 2)still on-site. Commercial operation began in 1967 and the most recent unit was completed in 2007. Units 3 and 4 are pressurized water reactors and unit 5 is a combined-cycle gas- fired unit. As the sixth largest power plant in the United States and third largest in Florida, it serves all of southern Florida. The plant is operated with a very high level of security. This is the location from which the most catastrophic nuclear accident might occur and will be the focal point of the nuclear analysis in this plan. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear plants: Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ)—The EPZ is a 10-mile radius around nuclear facilities. It is also known as the Plume Exposure Pathway.Areas located within this zone are at highest risk of exposure to or inhalation of radioactive materials. Within this zone,the primary concern is exposure to and inhalation of radioactive contamination. Predetermined action plans within the EPZ are designed to avoid or reduce dose from such exposure. This is the designated evacuation radius recommended by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and residents within this zone would be expected to evacuate in the event of an emergency. Other actions such as sheltering and the use of potassium-iodide must be taken to avoid or reduce exposure in the event of a nuclear incident. Ingestion Pathway Zone (IPZ)—The IPZ is delineated by a 50-mile radius around nuclear facilities as defined by the federal government. Also known as the Ingestion Exposure Pathway, the IPZ has been designated to mitigate contamination in the human food chain resulting from a radiological accident at a nuclear power facility. Contamination to fresh produce, water supplies, and other food produce may occur when radionuclides are deposited on surfaces. Figure 4.41 shows the location of Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station and the approximate 10-mile Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) buffer and 50-mile Ingestion Pathway Zone (IPZ) around the plant. The northeastern-most tip of the Florida Keys, just north of Key Largo, falls within the 10-mile EPZ. Much of mainland Monroe and the Keys north of Islamorada fall within the IPZ. Spatial Extent: 2—Small Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Figure 4.41—Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station Location in Relation to Planning Area y Broward Collier / i i i i ___—__—____F—___ — � I S f i I r I Miami-Dade i I \ y Monroe I r II �f 1. 1 t \ ee s --i Islamorada \ 5 Marathon Layton l' Key> Colony Beach Key West 0 8 16 24 32 Legend Miles r. Turkey Point Nuclear e::71 Municipalities Map Created By:LAW f Plume Exposure Pathway(EPZ) ej' Monroe county Date Created:6/1 72D26 " WO�d. C-11,sFL,U FEMA,Monroe 5a r rL,i i EFAA, a Ingestion Exposure Pathway(iPZ) Counties Infor>>anon Adminlsvatlon Source:U.S.Energy Information Administration Mnnrna County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Extent The International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA) developed the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale to quantify the magnitude of radiological events. This scale is logarithmic, meaning each increasing level represents a 10-fold increase in severity compared to the previous level. ZAajor Accident ❑ Serious Accident r_ `Sl Accident With Wider Consequences 5 Accident With Local Consequences 4 Serious Incident 3 a� Incident Anomaly Deviation Source:International Atomic Energy Association Impact: 3—Critical Historical Occurrences May 8, 1974—During a routine test, it was discovered that two of the three Emergency Feedwater pumps which served unit 3 failed due to overtightened packing. The third pump also failed but was caused by a malfunction in the turbine. These failures, had they not been found and corrected, could have led to a nuclear disaster if other failures had occurred simultaneously. August 24, 1992—Category 5 Hurricane Andrew hit Turkey Point causing damage to many systems. The fire protection systems were partly disabled, two raw water tanks were destroyed, a third was drained, and the smokestack on unit 1 cracked. Offsite power was lost so onsite generators had to be operated for numerous days. February 26, 2008 — The loss of offsite power prompted both reactors to shut down which lead to a widespread power outage affecting 700,000 customers and a total of 2.5 million people. The originating event was an overheated voltage switch that caught fire in a substation 23 miles away from Turkey Point. Power was restored within 5 hours of the blackout. Large commercial locations such as Walt Disney World, Orlando International Airport, and Miami International Airport were affected. March 18, 2017—An electrical fault happened in unit 3 causing the loss of a safety system and a reactor trip. This fault caused an arc flash which minorly burned one plant worker. All other safety systems were operational so there was no threat to the community or environment. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 r® SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT August 17-20, 2020—Turkey Point experienced three unplanned nuclear reactor shutdowns. On August 17t", plant operators manually shut down the reactor as a response to rising steam generator water levels. On August 19t", an instrument sensed higher-than-expected neutron activity in the reactor core, causing the plant's protection system to automatically shut down the reactor during startup. On August 20t", a reactor was once again manually shut down after the loss of a steam generator feed water pump. These three shutdowns in a short time frame prompted a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) inspection. Probability of Future Occurrence Radiological hazards are highly unpredictable. Nuclear reactors present the possibility of catastrophic damages, yet the industry is highly regulated and historical precedence suggests an incident is unlikely. Probability: 1 —Unlikely Climate Change While climate change is not projected to have any direct impact on a potential nuclear power plant incident, the low-lying coastal location of the Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station in Miami-Dade County means this plant is particularly susceptible to the impacts of sea level rise and increased storm surge. Recently, the plant won federal approval to continue operating through at least 2053. By the end of the plant's current license, Miami-Dade is planning for just under 2 feet of SLR while Turkey Point is planning for 0.5 to just over 1 foot of Sea Level Rise.The threat of increasing incidences of flood and higher storm surges could increase the likelihood of an event at Turkey Point. Vulnerability Assessment People People within the 10-mile EPZ are at risk of direct exposure to radioactive material. People within the 50- mile EPZ are at risk of exposure through ingestion of contaminated food and water. Low levels of radiation are not considered harmful, but a high exposure to radiation can cause serious illness or death. Beyond those in the EPZ and IPZ,the entirety of Monroe County is potentially at risk because of operations at the Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station.Turkey Point relies on a one-of-its-kind 5,900-acre cooling canal system—rather than the more commonly used cooling towers. Millions of gallons of saltwater have seeped from these canals into the Biscayne aquifer beneath the canals; an underground saltwater plume has spread more than 10.6 miles inland. As the majority of Monroe County's drinking water is supplied by the Biscayne Aquifer, continued, unresolved saltwater intrusion threatens the health of all residents. Property A radiological incident could cause severe damage to the power station itself but would not cause direct property damage outside the station, especially with the distance between the reactor and the planning area. However, property values could drop substantially if a radiological incident resulted in contamination of nearby areas. Environment A radiological incident could result in the spread of radioactive material into the environment,which could contaminate water and food sources and harm animal and plant life. These impacts are lessened the further an area is to the plant site. Consequence Analysis Table 4.71 summarizes the potential detrimental consequences of radiological incident. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Table 4.71—Consequence Analysis—Radiological Incident Category Consequences Public High levels of radiation could cause serious illness or death.Those living and working closest to the nuclear plant would face the greatest risk of exposure. Responders Responders face potential for heightened exposure to radiation,which could cause severe chronic illness and death. Continuity of Operations An incident at the nuclear plant could interrupt power generation and cause (including Continued power shortages. Regular operations would likely be affected by the response Delivery of Services) effort an event would require. Property, Facilities and The plant itself could be damaged by a radiological incident. Nearby property and Infrastructure facilities could be affected by contamination. Environment Water supplies,food crops,and livestock within 50 miles of the nuclear plant could be contaminated by radioactive material in the event of a major incident. Economic Condition of the The local economy could be affected if a radiological incident caused Jurisdiction contamination of nearby areas. Property values and economic activity could decline as a result. Public Confidence in the A radiological incident would likely cause severe loss of public confidence given Jurisdiction's Governance that the hazard is human-caused and highly regulated. Public confidence can also be affected by false alarms. Associated Hazards Natural hazards are, more often than not, interconnected. Any given hazard may lead to, or be spurred by, another hazard —sometimes referred to as cascading disasters. Radiological Incidents, although not natural, may be associated with certain natural hazards: Flood,Tropical Cyclone,Tornado, Sea Level Rise, and Tornado. Problem Statement Northeastern Monroe County is most at risk to the impacts of a radiological incident at the Turkey Point Nuclear Facility. An effective education and outreach program about the impacts of radiation within the EPZ would help reduce vulnerability to those living within this zone. The Villages of Islamorada and areas north in Unincorporated Monroe County are within the Ingestion Pathway Zone, meaning food grown in this area or water will be impacted in the event of a nuclear emergency. Community members here are only at risk if they ingest impacted food/drinks and should be educated as such. The continued utilization of cooling canals at Turkey Point threatens further saltwater intrusion into the Biscayne Aquifer and in turn threatens the predominant drinking water source for the entire county. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 r� SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 4.5.11 Cyber Attack Hazard Probability Impact Spatial Warning Time Duration PRI Extent Score Cyber Attack Possible Limited Small Less than 6 hrs More than 1 week 2.4 Hazard Description The State of Florida Hazard Mitigation Plan defines a cyber incident as "an incident involving computers, networks, and information or services that affect daily operations of critical infrastructure," noting that a Cyber Incident can be either malicious or stem from a system glitch or human error. The SHMP defines a cyber attack, then, as a cyber incident with malicious intent. Cyber-attacks use malicious code to alter computer operations or data. The vulnerability of computer systems to attacks is a growing concern as people and institutions become more dependent upon networked technologies. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reports that "cyber intrusions are becoming more commonplace, more dangerous, and more sophisticated," with implications for private- and public-sector networks. There are many types of cyber-attacks. Among the most common is a direct denial of service, or DDoS attack. This is when a server or website will be queried or pinged rapidly with information requests, overloading the system and causing it to crash. Malware, or malicious software, can cause numerous problems once on a computer or network, from taking control of users' machines to discreetly sending out confidential information. Ransomware is a specific type of malware that blocks access to digital files and demands a payment to release them. Hospitals, school districts, state and local governments, law enforcement agencies, businesses, and even individuals can be targeted by ransomware. Cyber spying or espionage is the act of illicitly obtaining intellectual property, government secrets, or other confidential digital information, and often is associated with attacks carried out by professional agents working on behalf of a foreign government or corporation. According to cybersecurity firm Symantec, in 2016 "...the world of cyber espionage experienced a notable shift towards more overt activity, designed to destabilize and disrupt targeted organizations and countries." Major data breaches - when hackers gain access to large amounts of personal, sensitive, or confidential information - have become increasingly common. The Symantec report says more than seven billion identities have been exposed in data breaches over the last eight years. In addition to networked systems, data breaches can occur due to the mishandling of external drives, as has been the case with losses of some state employee data. Cyber crime can refer to any of the above incidents when motivated primarily by financial gain or other criminal intent. The most severe type of attack is cyber terrorism, which aims to disrupt or damage systems in order to cause fear, injury, and loss to advance a political agenda. The State of Florida has several cyber security mechanisms. The Florida Computer Crime Center (FC3) conducts cyber investigations, training, research, and prevention, and developed the Florida Infrastructure Protection Center (FIPC). The FIPC was developed to anticipate, prevent, react to, and recover from acts of terrorism, sabotage, and cyber crim. One component of the FIPC is the Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT)which is on-call to respond to critical cyber incidents in Florida.The Agency for State Technology developed a Statewide Strategic Information Technology Security Plan to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the state's IT resources. FDEM also has a Cyber Incident Plan. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Warning Time: 4—Less than six hours Duration:4—More than one week Location Cyber disruption events can occur and/or impact virtually any location in the state where computing devices are used. Incidents may involve a single location or multiple geographic areas. A disruption can have far-reaching effects beyond the location of the targeted system; disruptions that occur far outside the County can still impact people, businesses, and institutions within the County. Spatial Extent: 2—Small Extent The extent or magnitude/severity of a cyber disruption event is variable depending on the nature of the event. A disruption affecting a small, isolated system could impact only a few functions/processes. Disruptions of large, integrated systems could impact many functions/processes, as well as many individuals that rely on those systems. There is no universally accepted scale to quantify the severity of cyber-attacks. The strength of a DDoS attack is sometimes explained in terms of a data transmission rate. One of the largest DDoS disruptions ever, which brought down some of the internet's most popular sites on October 21, 2016, peaked at 1.2 terabytes per second. Data breaches are often described in terms of the number of records or identities exposed. The Florida State Hazard Mitigation Plan defines three levels of cyber-attacks: Unstructured: attacks with little to no organization and no significant funding. Such attacks are usually carried out by amateurs using pre-made tools to attack well known system flaws. These attacks are most common, but are also easily spotted by network security Structured: attacks with more organization and planning and decent financial backing. These attacks have specific targets and intend to disrupt operations to a specific organization or sector. The impacts might range from minimal to significant. Highly Structured: attacks involve extensive organization, planning, and funding. Attackers conduct reconnaissance and use multiple attacks to achieve their goals. Impact: 2—Limited Historical Occurrences Symantec reports there were a total of 1,209 data breaches worldwide in 2016, 15 of which involved the theft of more than 10 million identities. While the number of breaches has remained relatively steady, the average number of identities stolen has increased to almost one million per incident. The report also found that one in every 131 emails contains malware, and the company's software blocked an average of 229,000 web attacks every day. The Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, a nonprofit organization based in San Diego, maintains a timeline of 2,533 data breaches resulting from computer hacking incidents in the United States from 2005-2019.The database lists 105 data breaches in Florida,totaling over 10.3 million impacted records. Although none of these reported hacks were recorded in the planning area, residents of the county were almost certainly included in some of the breaches that occurred across the state. SecuLore also provides its own database of Cyber Attacks across the country via local media outlets, broken down by state and infrastructure affected. Monroe County has seen the following three attacks: Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT September 2018 (Education): The Monroe County School District was forced to shut down its computer system for almost a week due to a cyber attack. The incident was first noticed by an employee who contacted the IT department. The event was eventually escalated to the District's internet security provider who advised securing and shutting down the entire system.The culprit was a ransomware called "GandCrab." No data was threatened and no demands for ransom were actually made, as the district had appropriately backed up its data. In order to reopen the system, the District had to rebuild each server individually. The system was first up and running again after three days, but had to be shut down only an hour later. It was then slowly restarted, but was delayed due to a cable and internet outage. May through November 2018 (Education): The Florida Keys Community College (FKCC) reported of suspicious activity, potentially phishing, on an employee's email account. An investigation into this suspicious activity revealed an unknown individual had access certain college employees' email accounts. The press release noted that some combination of name, address, date of birth, social security number, passport information, medical information, usernames, and passwords may have been accessible to the hackers. In response, the college notified potentially impacted employees and individuals, and offered those individuals 12 months of free identity protection services. FKCC also implemented increased security measures for account access such as multi-factor authentication. March 2020 (Local Government): Beginning in March of 2020, a software attack crippled the City of Marathon's communication system, including email, internet, and broadcast capabilities. The system was ransomed, and the attack and subsequent recovery took over 4 months. The City had to update and de- encrypt most computers.Costs associated include insurance policies,specialist and IT assistance,and time costs of systems being down. August through September 2020 (Local Government): For the two weeks between August 28t" through September 16t", 2020,the computers in the Key West City Hall were inaccessible due to a suspected virus. These impacts also impacted the Key West Police Department. The networks at City Hall were shutdown voluntarily when the virus was initially discovered to allow IT workers to identify the problem and rebuild the servers. During this week, police officers were writing police reports on paper—with a backlog to be uploaded when the servers returned. Additionally, any requests for existing reports were difficult to fulfil because the reports would have to physically be located in the building. Community members could still pay parking tickets and apply for building permits, but this could not be done online and had to be done by mail or in person. Probability of Future Occurrence Cyber attacks occur daily, but most have negligible impacts at the local or county level. The possibility of a larger disruption affecting systems within the county is a constant threat, but it is difficult to quantify the exact probability due to such highly variable factors as the type of attack and intent of the attacker. Minor attacks against business and government systems have become a commonplace occurrence but are usually stopped with minimal impact. Similarly, data breaches impacting the information of residents of Monroe County are almost certain to happen in coming years. Major attacks or breaches specifically targeting systems in the county are less likely but cannot be ruled out. Probability:2—Possible Vulnerability Assessment As discussed above, the impacts from a cyber attack vary greatly depending on the nature, severity, and success of the attack. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Methodologies and Assumptions Vulnerability to cyber attacks was assessed based on past occurrences nationally and internationally as well as publicly available information on these vulnerabilities, as well as attacks occurring in the region. People Cyber-attacks can have a significant cumulative economic impact. Symantec reports that in the last three years, businesses have lost$3 billion due to spear-phishing email scams alone. A major cyber-attack has the potential to undermine public confidence and build doubt in their government's ability to protect them from harm. Injuries or fatalities from cyber attacks would generally only be possible from a major cyber terrorist attack against critical infrastructure. Property Short of a major cyber terrorist attacks against critical infrastructure, property damage from cyber attacks is typically limited to computer systems. Environment A major cyber terrorism attack could potentially impact the environment by triggering a release of a hazardous materials, or by causing an accident involving hazardous materials by disrupting traffic-control devices. Consequence Analysis Table 4.72 summarizes the potential consequences of a cyber threat. Table 4.72—Consequence Analysis—Cyber Threat Category Consequences Public Cyber attacks can impact personal data and accounts. Injuries or fatalities could potentially result from a major cyber terrorist attacks against critical infrastructure. Responders Cyber attacks can impact personal data and accounts. Injuries or fatalities could potentially result from a major cyber terrorist attacks against critical infrastructure. Continuity of Operations Agencies that rely on electronic backup of critical files are vulnerable. The delivery (including Continued of services can be impacted since governments rely, to a great extent, upon Delivery of Services) electronic delivery of services. Property, Facilities and Rare. Most attacks affect only data and computer systems.Sabotage of utilities and Infrastructure infrastructure from a major cyber terrorist attacks could potentially result in system failures that damage property on a scale equal with natural disasters. Facilities and infrastructure may become unusable as a result of a cyber-attack. Environment Rare.A major attack could theoretically result in a hazardous materials release. Economic Condition of Could greatly affect the economy. In an electronic-based commerce society, any the Jurisdiction disruption to daily activities can have disastrous impacts to the economy. It is difficult to measure the true extent of the impact. Public Confidence in the The government's inability to protect critical systems or confidential personal data Jurisdiction's Governance could impact public confidence. An attack could raise questions regarding the security of using electronic systems for government services. Changes in Development Cyber attacks generally impact critical systems and rarely result indirect impacts to the built environment. Therefore, vulnerability to cyber attack will not change significantly as a result of development. Similarly, the risk of cyber attack is not expected to be affected by changes in development. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Problem Statement Cyber attacks frequently result from phishing scams. Training on cyber security can serve as a prevention method. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Ad SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT 4.6 CONCLUSIONS ON ARD RISK Priority Risk Index As discussed in Section 4.2, the Priority Risk Index was used to rate each hazard on a set of risk criteria and determine an overall standardized score for each hazard. The conclusions drawn from this process are summarized below. Table 4.73 summarizes the degree of risk assigned to each identified hazard using the PRI method. Table 4.73—Summary of PRI Results Hazard Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration ScRI ore Natural Hazards Flood Highly Likely Critical Large 6 to 12 hours Less than 1 week 3.5 Tropical Cyclones Likely Catastrophic Large More than 24 hrs Less than 1 week 3.3 Severe Storms' Highly Likely Limited Large Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 3.1 (Thunderstorm) Severe Storms'(Lightning) Highly Likely Minor Negligible Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 2.2 Severe Storms'(Hail) Highly Likely Minor Small Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 2.4 Tornado&Waterspout Highly LikelyCritical Small Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 3.0 (Tornado)2 g y Tornado&Waterspout Highly LikelyMinor Small 6 to 12 hrs Less than 6 hrs 2.3 (Waterspout)z g y Wildfire Likely Limited Small Less than 6 hrs Less than 1 week 2.6 Coastal Erosion Likely Limited Moderate More than 24 hrs Less than 1 week 2.5 Drought Likely Minor Large More than 24 hrs More than 1 week 2.5 Extreme Heat Likely Limited Large More than 24 hrs Less than 1 week 2.7 Sea Level Rise and other Climate Change Likely Critical Large More than 24 hrs More than 1 week 3.1 Characteristics Technological and Human-Caused Hazards&Threats Radiological Incident Unlikely Critical Moderate Less than 6 hours More than 1 week 2.6 Cyber Attack Possible Limited Small Less than 6 hrs More than 1 week 2.4 'Severe Storms hazards average to a score of 2.6 and are therefore considered together as a moderate-risk hazard. 'Tornado and Waterspout average to a score of 2.7 and are therefore considered together as a moderate-risk hazard. The results from the PRI have been classified into three categories based on the assigned risk value which are summarized in Table 4.74: High Risk—Widespread potential impact. This ranking carries a high threat to the general population and/or built environment. The potential for damage is widespread. Moderate Risk—Moderate potential impact. This ranking carries a moderate threat level to the general population and/or built environment. Here the potential damage is more isolated and less costly than a more widespread disaster. Low Risk—Minimal potential impact. The occurrence and potential cost of damage to life and property is minimal. This is not a priority hazard. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Table 4.74—Summary of Hazard Risk Classification High Risk Flood (>3.0) Tropical Cyclones Sea Level Rise Tornado&Waterspout Extreme Heat Severe Storms(Thunderstorm, Lightning, Hail) Moderate Risk Wildfire (2.0—2.9) Coastal Erosion Drought Radiologic Incident Cyber Attack Low Risk (<2.0) none Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Brink, Uri ten; David Twichell; Patrick Lynett; Eric Geist;Jason Chaytor; Homa Lee; Brian Buczkowski; and Claudia Flores. Regional Assessment of Tsunami Potential in the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Administrative Report. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. 2009. Climate Central Surging Seas Risk Finder, Accessed July 2020 FEMA Disaster Declarations Summary, updated January 2020. FEMA Mitigation Ideas: A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards. 2013. FEMA. Monroe County and Incorporated Areas Flood Insurance Study. Revised May 16, 2012. FEMA. Community Information System, 2019. FEMA, ISO. Monroe County Repetitive Loss Data. August 2020. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resource Management. Critically Eroded Beaches in Florida. Updated July 2019. Accessed July 2020. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Resilience and Coastal Protection. Strategic Beach Management Plan: Florida Keys Region. April 2020. Accessed July 2020. Florida Department of Transportation. Florida Bridge Inventory, 2019. IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. A-2 EC 1165-2-212 1 Oct 11 Miller, eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. IPCC, 2014. Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, 2018: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, H. O. Portner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Pean, R. Pidcock, S. Connors,J. B. R. Matthews,Y. Chen,X. Zhou, M. I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M.Tignor,T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press. James B. Elsner, Svetoslava C. Elsner, and Thomas H.Jagger. The increasing efficiency of tornadoes in the United States. Climate Dynamics/vol.45 issue 3-4, pp 651-659. Mazzei, Patricia.82 Days Underwater:The Tide is High but They're Holding On. November 24, 2019. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/us/florida-keys-flooding-king-tide.html Mentaschi, L.et al.Global long-term observations of coastal erosion and accretion.August 27,2018. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30904-w Monroe County local GIS data (parcels, LOMCs, critical facilities). 2020. Monroe County Emergency Management Department. Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan. Updated April 2017. Accessed July 2020. ► National Climate Assessment, 2014. ► National Drought Mitigation Center, Drought Impact Reporter. ► National Integrated Drought Information System, U.S. Drought Portal. ► National Weather Service. NOAA, Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP). https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/ccapregional.html ► NOAA, National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database. ► NOAA, National Hurricane Center. ► NOAA, Office of Coastal Management. ► NOAA, Tides and Currents Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 4: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT North Carolina State Climate Office. Climate Tools. Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact. Unified Sea Level Rise Projection. Updated 2019. Accessed July 2020. ► Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment, 2020. ► State of Florida. Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan. 2018. ► U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates. ► U.S. Department of Agriculture, Risk Management Agency,Cause of Loss Historical Data Files, 2007- 2018. ► U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. ► U.S. Drought Monitor. December 31, 2019. ► U.S. Energy Information Administration ► U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Release Inventory. ► U.S. Forest Service, Wildland Fire Assessment System. ► U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Change Hazards Portal. ► U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2016: The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. http://dx.doi.org/10.7930/JOR49NQX USGCRP, 2017: Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I [Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Hibbard, D.J. Dokken, B.C. Stewart, and T.K. Maycock(eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, 470 pp., doi: 10.7930/JOJ964J6. VAISALA, National Lightning Detection Network. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTIONS: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT 5 Capability Assessment This section discusses the capability of Monroe County to implement hazard mitigation activities. It consists of the following four subsections: 5.1 Overview 5.2 Conducting the Capability Assessment 5.3 Capability Assessment Findings 5.4 Conclusions on Local Capability 5.1 OVERVIEW The purpose of conducting a capability assessment is to determine the ability of a local jurisdiction to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy, and to identify potential opportunities for establishing or enhancing specific mitigation policies, programs,or projects. As in any planning process, it is important to try to establish which goals, objectives, and actions are feasible, based on an understanding of the organizational capacity of those agencies or departments tasked with their implementation. A capability assessment helps to determine which mitigation actions are practical and likely to be implemented over time given a local government's planning and regulatory framework, level of administrative and technical support, amount of fiscal resources, and current political climate. The capability assessment completed for the Monroe County planning area serves as a critical planning step toward developing an effective mitigation strategy. Coupled with the risk assessment, the capability assessment helps identify and target effective goals, objectives, and mitigation actions that are realistically achievable under given local conditions. To facilitate the inventory and analysis of local government capabilities within the planning area, a detailed Local Data Collection Guide survey was distributed to members of the LMSWG after the first planning committee meeting. The survey requested information on a variety of "capability indicators" such as existing local plans, policies, programs,or ordinances that contribute to and/or hinder the region's ability to implement hazard mitigation actions. Other indicators included information related to the County's fiscal, administrative, and technical capabilities, such as access to local budgetary and personnel resources for mitigation purposes. Communities were also asked to comment on the current political climate with respect to hazard mitigation, an important consideration for any local planning or decision- making process. At a minimum, the survey results provide an extensive and consolidated inventory of existing local plans, ordinances, programs, authorities, and resources in place or under development. With this information, inferences can be made about the overall effect on hazard loss reduction in each community. 5.2 CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS The findings of the capability assessment are summarized in this plan to provide insight into the relevant capacity of Monroe County and its incorporated municipalities to implement hazard mitigation activities. Information is based upon input provided by community representatives on the LMSWG through a local capability self-assessment as well as research conducted by the planning consultant. Some jurisdiction representatives did not provide capability information for their communities; in these cases, information was based on research and on the existing Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTIONS: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT 5.2.1 Planning and Regulatory Capability Planning and regulatory capability is based on the implementation of plans, ordinances, and programs that demonstrate a local jurisdiction's commitment to guiding and managing growth, development, and redevelopment in a responsible manner, while maintaining the general welfare of the community. It includes emergency response and mitigation planning, comprehensive land use planning, and transportation planning. Regulatory capability also includes the enforcement of zoning or subdivision ordinances and building codes that regulate how land is developed and structures are built, as well as protecting environmental, historic,and cultural resources in the community. Although some conflicts can arise, these planning initiatives generally present significant opportunities to integrate hazard mitigation principles and practices into the local decision-making process. This assessment is designed to provide a general overview of the key planning and regulatory tools or programs in place or under development for the Monroe County planning area, along with their potential effect on loss reduction.This information will help identify opportunities to address gaps,weaknesses, or conflicts with other initiatives and integrate the implementation of this plan with existing planning mechanisms where appropriate. Table 5.1 provides a summary of the relevant local plans, ordinances, and programs already in place or under development for the Monroe County planning area. A checkmark(✓) indicates that the given item is currently in place and being implemented.A plus sign (+) indicates that a jurisdiction is covered for that item under a county-implemented version. Each of these local plans, ordinances, and programs should be considered available mechanisms for incorporating the requirements of the Local Mitigation Strategy. Table 5.1—Relevant Plans, Ordinances, and Programs a c U u Tn ca — m O GJ T o0 T p H O 3 U o m > o m y Y Y O O O O Plan/Ordinance Local Mitigation Strategy ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Comprehensive Plan ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Land Use Plan ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Zoning Ordinance ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Subdivision Ordinance ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Floodplain Ordinance ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Erosion,Sedimentation,and Pollution Control ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ordinance Other Special Purpose Ordinance(stormwater, ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ growth management,wildfire) Building Code ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Fire department ISO Rating 3 3 1 3 2 Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule Rating 4/4 1 5+ 1 4 1 3 3/3 4/3 Stormwater Management Program ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Site Plan Review Requirements ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTIONS: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT a c t u � ca m O cu bD T O O cu 3 U O m > U y cu y O O O O Capital Improvements Plan ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Economic Development Plan ✓ Local Emergency Operations Plan ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Flood Insurance Study or Other Engineering Study for ✓ + + + + + Streams Other Special Plans ✓ ✓ ✓ Elevation Certificates ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Note:✓=item is currently in place and being implemented;+=jurisdiction is cover under county-implemented version Other plans available within the communities include: transportation plans (Monroe County), repetitive loss area analysis (Monroe County), Stormwater Management Master Plan (Monroe County), Sea Level Rise Study(Monroe County), Sustainability and Climate Plan(City of Marathon), Historic Preservation Plan (City of Marathon), among others. Other special purpose ordinances in place within the County and incorporate jurisdictions include: Emergency Management and Emergency Services, Environment/Natural Resources Protection, Fire Prevention and Protection, Utilities, and Stormwater ordinances. Based upon the responses summarized in the above table,jurisdictions in Monroe County have significant planning and regulatory capability. Jurisdictions could improve this capability by creating economic development plans that incorporate post-disaster economic recovery. Beyond the planning and regulatory tools listed above,communities in the County could increase their resilience to hazards through developing local post-disaster recovery plans. A more detailed discussion on the region's planning and regulatory capability follows. 5.2.1.1 Plans and Ordinances Hazard mitigation is widely recognized as one of the four primary phases of emergency management. Mitigation is interconnected with all other phases and is an essential component of effective preparedness, response, and recovery. Opportunities to reduce potential losses through mitigation practices are most often implemented before a disaster event, such as through the elevation of flood- prone structures or by regular enforcement of policies that regulate development. However, mitigation opportunities can also be identified during immediate preparedness or response activities, such as installing storm shutters in advance of a hurricane. Furthermore, incorporating mitigation during the long- term recovery and redevelopment process following a disaster event is what enables a community to become more resilient. The implementation of hazard mitigation activities also often involves agencies and individuals beyond the emergency management profession. Stakeholders may include local planners, public works officials, economic development specialists, and others. In many instances, concurrent local planning efforts will help to achieve or complement hazard mitigation goals, even though they may not be designed as such. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTIONS: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT The following defines some of the different plans and ordinances available to Monroe County and its incorporated jurisdictions to implement hazard mitigation. Local Mitigation Strategy A local mitigation strategy is a community's blueprint for how it intends to reduce the impact of natural, and in some cases human-caused, hazards on people and the built environment. The essential elements of a hazard mitigation plan include a risk assessment, capability assessment, and mitigation strategy. All participating jurisdictions in this regional planning effort have previously been covered by the 2015 Monroe County and Incorporated Municipalities Local Mitigation Strategy and continue to be covered under this update — making each community eligible for the associated hazard mitigation funding mechanisms. Comprehensive/Land Use Plan A comprehensive land use plan,or general plan,establishes the overall vision for what a community wants to be and serves as a guide for future governmental decision making. Typically, a comprehensive plan contains sections on demographic conditions, land use, transportation elements, and community facilities. Given the broad nature of the plan and its regulatory standing in many communities, the integration of hazard mitigation measures into the comprehensive plan can enhance the likelihood of achieving risk reduction goals,objectives,and actions.All participating jurisdictions have a comprehensive plans and land use mapping in place. Regular updates of comprehensive plans are important for guiding the growth and development of a community. Monroe County's was most recently updated in 2019, and Islamorada's in 2017. Other jurisdictions have not updated their plans as recently. Given the precarious location of the Florida Keys, addressing mitigation in comprehensive plans is paramount. In fact, each jurisdiction has multiple goals, objectives, or policies that directly address mitigating hazard impacts in the uniquely vulnerability Keys. Details on the specific policies included in each community's planning efforts are included in the individual jurisdictional annexes. Zoning Ordinance Zoning represents the primary means by which land use is controlled by local governments. As part of a community's police power, zoning is used to protect the public health, safety, and welfare of those in a given jurisdiction that maintains zoning authority. A zoning ordinance is the mechanism through which zoning is typically implemented. Since zoning regulations enable municipal governments to limit the type and density of development, a zoning ordinance can serve as a powerful tool when applied in identified hazard areas. All participating jurisdictions have a zoning ordinance in place. Subdivision Ordinance A subdivision ordinance is intended to regulate the development of residential, commercial, industrial, or other uses, including associated public infrastructure, as land is subdivided into buildable lots for sale or future development. Subdivision design that accounts for natural hazards can dramatically reduce the exposure of future development. All participating jurisdictions except for Key Colony Beach have a subdivision ordinance in place. Building Codes, Permitting, and Inspections Building codes regulate construction standards. In many communities, permits and inspections are required for new construction. Decisions regarding the adoption of building codes(that account for hazard risk), the type of permitting process required both before and after a disaster, and the enforcement of Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTIONS: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT inspection protocols all affect the level of hazard risk faced by a community.All participating jurisdictions have building codes in place. Each jurisdiction requires all new building plans submitted comply with the 61" edition of the Florida Building Code (FBC). The State of Florida first mandated statewide building codes in the 1970s; in the 1990s, a series of natural disasters coupled with changing building construction regulation necessitated a comprehensive review of the state building code system. In that same timeframe, the Florida Legislature created a single zoning code to be enforced by local governments. By 2002, it was mandated that the Florida Building Code supersede all local codes. The Code, which is developed and maintained by the Florida Building Commission, is updated every three years, but may be amended annually.The 71" Edition of the FBC (2020) was released mid-2020 to be effective December 31, 2020. This edition of the code is based in-part on the 2018 International Building Code (I-Code). The Code includes nine main volumes — including the Florida Building Code, Test Protocols for High-Velocity Hurricanes. The Code also has Flood Resistant Provisions included in four of the nine volumes.The flood provisions in each code of the series, from the 2012 edition onward, meet or exceed the NFIP requirements for the purpose of NFIP participation. The adoption and enforcement of building codes by local jurisdictions is routinely assessed through the Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS) program, developed by the Insurance Services Office, Inc. (ISO). The results of BCEGS assessments are routinely provided to ISO's member private insurance companies, which in turn may offer ratings credits for new buildings constructed in communities with strong BCEGS classifications. The expectation is that communities with well-enforced, up-to-date codes should experience fewer disaster-related losses, and as a result should have lower insurance rates. Capital Improvements Plan A capital improvements plan guides the scheduling of spending on public improvements. A capital improvements plan can serve as an important mechanism for guiding future development away from identified hazard areas. Limiting public spending in hazardous areas is one of the most effective long-term mitigation actions available to local governments. Capital improvement plans can also address problems within hazardous areas;for example,a jurisdiction might obligate money to address site-specific drainage related problems. All participating jurisdictions have a capital improvements plan or program in place. Emergency Operations Plan An emergency operations plan outlines the responsibilities of different departments and how resources will be deployed during and following an emergency or disaster. All jurisdictions except the City of Marathon have an emergency operations plan. Stormwater Management Plan A stormwater management plan is designed to address flooding associated with stormwater runoff. The stormwater management plan is typically focused on design and construction measures that are intended to reduce the impact of more frequently occurring minor urban flooding.Currently,all jurisdictions except for Monroe County and the City of Marathon have a stormwater management program or plan. 5.2.1.1 Floodplain Management Flooding represents the greatest natural hazard facing the nation, yet the tools available to reduce the impacts associated with flooding are among the most developed when compared to other hazard-specific mitigation techniques. In addition to approaches that cut across hazards such as education,outreach,and the training of local officials, the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) contains specific regulatory Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTIONS: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT measures that enable government officials to determine where and how growth occurs relative to flood hazards. Participation in the NFIP is voluntary for local governments; however, program participation is strongly encouraged by FEMA as a first step for implementing and sustaining an effective hazard mitigation program. It is therefore used as part of this capability assessment as a key indicator for measuring local capability. In order for a county or municipality to participate in the NFIP, they must adopt a local flood damage prevention ordinance that requires jurisdictions to follow established minimum building standards in the floodplain. These standards require that all new buildings and substantial improvements to existing buildings be protected from damage by a 100-year flood event, and that new development in the floodplain not exacerbate existing flood problems or increase damage to other properties. A key service provided by the NFIP is the mapping of identified flood hazard areas. Once completed, the Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMS) are used to assess flood hazard risk, regulate construction practices, and set flood insurance rates. FIRMS are an important source of information to educate residents, government officials, and the private sector about the likelihood of flooding in their community. Table 5.2 provides NFIP policy and claim information for each participating jurisdiction in the Monroe County planning area. All jurisdictions in the County participate in the NFIP and will continue to comply with all required provisions of the program. Floodplain management is managed through zoning ordinances, building code restrictions, and the county and municipal building inspection programs.The jurisdictions will coordinate with FDEM and FEMA to develop maps and regulations related to Special Flood Hazard Areas within their jurisdictional boundaries and, through a consistent monitoring process, will design and improve their floodplain management program in a way that reduces the risk of flooding to people and property. The communities in Monroe County have incorporated various actions to continue to maintain NFIP compliance, and in some instances go above and beyond stated requirements. Where applicable, these actions can be found in each community's individual annex. Community Rating System An additional indicator of floodplain management capability is active participation in the Community Rating System (CRS). The CRS is an incentive-based program that encourages communities to undertake defined flood mitigation activities that go beyond the minimum requirements of the NFIP. Each of the CRS mitigation activities is assigned a point value. As a community earns points and reaches identified thresholds, they can apply for an improved CRS class. Class ratings, which range from 9 to 1 and increase on 500-point increments, are tied to flood insurance premium reductions. Every class improvement earns an additional 5 percent discount for NFIP policyholders, with a starting discount of 5 percent for Class 9 communities and a maximum possible discount of 45 percent for Class 1 communities. Community participation in the CRS is voluntary. Any community that is in full compliance with the rules and regulations of the NFIP may apply to FEMA for a CRS classification better than class 10. The CRS application process has been greatly simplified over the past several years, based on community comments intended to make the CRS more user friendly, and extensive technical assistance available for communities who request it. All jurisdictions involved in this plan participate in the CRS. Table 5.2 also includes each community's CRS entry date and current CRS class. 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Administrative capability can be evaluated by determining how mitigation-related activities are assigned to local departments and if there are adequate personnel resources to complete these activities. The degree of intergovernmental coordination among departments will also affect administrative capability for the implementation and success of proposed mitigation activities. Technical capability can generally be evaluated by assessing the level of knowledge and technical expertise of local government employees, such as personnel skilled in using GIS to analyze and assess community hazard vulnerability. Input from the County and individual municipalities and research done by the consultants was used to capture information on administrative and technical capability through the identification of available staff and personnel resources. Table 5.3 provides a summary of the results for each jurisdiction with regard to relevant staff and personnel resources.A checkmark(✓)indicates the presence of a staff member(s) in that jurisdiction with the specified knowledge or skill. Note that in multiple instances,one individual staff memberfills multiple roles listed below. In these cases, these individuals may be overburdened during emergency events, disaster recovery, or planning process updates. Certain communities might contract out services where there is no in-house capacity. Monroe County assists communities lacking certain capabilities. Specific areas for improvement might include individual communities maintaining GIS databases to identify hazard prone areas and build community- specific, detailed risk and vulnerability assessments. Table 5.3—Relevant Staff/Personnel/Data Resources a c s M u Tn m — m O GJ T o0 > O O 7 U O m > O M y Y Y O O O O O Staff/Personnel/Data Resources Planner/Engineer with knowledge of land ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ development/land management practices Engineer/Professional trained in construction ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ practices related to buildings and/or infrastructure Planner/Engineer/Scientist with an understanding of ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ natural hazards Personnel skilled in GIS ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Full time Building Official ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Floodplain Manager ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Emergency Manager ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Grant Writer ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Public Information Officer ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Warning Systems ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTIONS: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT a c t u � ca m O cu bD T O O cu 3 U O m > U y y y O O O O GIS data:flood zones/hazard areas ✓ ✓ ✓ GIS data:critical facilities ✓ ✓ ✓ GIS data:current and/or future land use ✓ ✓ ✓ GIS data: building footprints ✓ ✓ ✓ GIS data: links to Assessor's data ✓ ✓ ✓ Other personnel ✓ ✓ Other data ✓ 5.2.3 Fiscal Capability The ability of a local government to implement mitigation actions is often dependent on the amount of money available. This may take the form of outside grant funding awards or locally based revenue and financing. The costs associated with mitigation policy and project implementation vary widely. In some cases, policies are tied primarily to staff time or administrative costs associated with the creation and monitoring of a given program. In other cases, direct expenses are linked to an actual project such as the acquisition of flood-prone houses, which can require a substantial commitment from local, state, and federal funding sources. The information collected from jurisdictions and the County was used to capture information on the County's fiscal capability through the identification of locally available financial resources. Table 5.4 provides a summary of the results for the County with regard to relevant fiscal resources. A checkmark indicates that the given fiscal resource is locally available for hazard mitigation purposes (including match funds for state and federal mitigation grant funds). Table 5.4—Relevant Fiscal Resources a c U u H m — m O T bD O O S 7 U O m > O c6 y Y Y O O O O Fiscal Resources Community Development Block Grants ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Capital Improvement Project Funding ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Authority to levy taxes for specific purposes ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Fees for water,sewer,gas,or electric services ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTIONS: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT a c t u � ca m O cu bn T O O cu 3 U O m > U y y y O O O O Impact fees for new development ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Incur dept through general obligation bonds ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Incur debt through special tax bonds ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Incur dept through private activities ✓ ✓ ✓ Withhold spending in hazard prone areas ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Other ✓ 5.2.4 Education and Outreach Capability This type of local capability refers to education and outreach programs and methods already in place that could be used to implement mitigation activities and communicate hazard-related information. Examples include natural disaster or safety related school programs; participation in community programs such as Firewise or Storm Ready; and activities conducted as part of hazard awareness campaigns such as a Tornado Awareness Month. The following is a brief list of education and information programs within each community: Monroe County: Hosts the County's CRS Program for Public Information and the associated Committee (all jurisdictions except for Layton participate in this PPI as of the December 2019 Annual Evaluation);Currently working toward Storm Ready certification; Emergency management preparedness website. City of Key Colony Beach: Participate in Storm Ready Program; distribute flyers to the community with topics related to water preservation, hurricane preparedness and flood preparedness. City of Key West: Outreach and education through booths, work/school visits, PSA's, and online videos on topics including, but not limited to, fire and hurricane safety, lightning, water conservation, energy conservation, and climate change; annual mailing to repetitive loss properties; Know before you buy brochures; Annual flood information mailing to lenders, insurance agents, and realtors. Layton: Community mailouts on hazard related topics. Marathon: Emergency Management website with preparedness guides. Islamorada: Public education trailer for community and school outreach, especially around home fires; Outreach with FKAA around water conservation; Maintains a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT); Assist with MERC programs which incorporate storm readiness, home readiness, mitigation, and response. Although this is not an exhaustive list, the County and incorporated jurisdictions have significant hazard and non-hazard related educational and outreach capacity. The communities can further capitalize on their existing capabilities, like school partnerships and educational vehicles, to educate the larger community on hazard risk and mitigation options. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 r SECTIONS: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT 5.2.5 Political Capability One of the most difficult capabilities to evaluate involves the political will of a jurisdiction to enact meaningful policies and projects designed to reduce the impact of future hazard events. Hazard mitigation may not be a local priority, or it may conflict with or be seen as an impediment to other goals of the community, such as growth and economic development. Therefore, the local political climate must be considered in designing mitigation strategies, as it could be the most difficult hurdle to overcome in accomplishing their adoption and implementation.Table 5.5 below summarizes the different government structures in the jurisdictions as well as whether or not the governing bodies are supportive of mitigation efforts. Table 5.5—Jurisdictional Government Structure and Political Climate Jurisdiction Government Structure Political Climate Supportive of Mitigation Efforts? Monroe County 5-member Board of County Yes,supportive via resolution Commissioners City of Key Colony Beach 5-member City Commission led by Mayor Yes. City of Key West City Commission of 7(6 district Local political climate is very representatives, 1 Mayor) supportive of mitigation efforts. City of Layton 5 member elected City Council and 1 Mitigation is supported by Mayor, elected Mayor Council,and staff. City of Marathon 5-member City Council (3 council Yes. members, 1 vice mayor, 1 mayor) Islamorada operates under a council- Mayor and Village Council are very Islamorada Village of Islands manager form of government; 5-member supportive of mitigation efforts in Village Council (including Mayor) Islamorada. 5.3 CONCLUSIONS ON LOCAL As previously discussed, one of the reasons for conducting a capability assessment is to examine local capabilities to detect any existing gaps or weaknesses within ongoing government activities that could hinder proposed mitigation activities and possibly exacerbate community hazard vulnerability. These gaps, which indicate opportunities for improvement, have been identified for each jurisdiction in the tables found throughout this section.The participatingjurisdictions used the capability assessment as part of the basis for the mitigation actions that are identified in Section 7; therefore, each jurisdiction addresses their ability to expand on and improve their existing capabilities through the identification of their mitigation actions. Each jurisdiction is unique in its planning, regulatory,fiscal, political,and outreach capabilities; additional details on jurisdictional capability, including existing mitigation in comprehensive planning efforts, and other details of local planning can be found in individual jurisdictional annexes. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 6: MITIGATION STRATEGY Requirement§201.6(c)(3):[The plan shall include]a mitigation strategythat provides the jurisdiction's blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment, based on existing authorities, policies, programs and resources,and its ability to expand on and improve these existing tools. This section describes the process for developing the mitigation strategy for the Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy. It describes how the Region met the requirements for Planning Step 6 (Set Goals), Planning Step 7 (Review Possible Activities), and Planning Step 8 (Draft an Action Plan). This section includes the following sub-sections: 6.1 Goals and Objectives 6.2 Identification &Analysis of Mitigation Activities GOALS6.1 OBJECTIVES Requirement§201.6(c)(3)(i): [The mitigation strategy section shall include a] description of mitigation goals to reduce or avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards. Goal setting builds upon the findings of Section 4,which documents the hazards and associated risks that threaten Monroe County, including the vulnerability of structures, infrastructure, and critical facilities. Section 5 evaluates each jurisdiction's capacity to reduce the impact of hazards. The intent of Goal Setting is to identify areas where improvements to existing capabilities and reductions in existing vulnerabilities can be made so that overall risk is reduced. Goals also guide the review of possible mitigation measures. This plan needs to make sure that recommended actions are consistent with what is appropriate for the County and the incorporated municipalities. Mitigation goals need to reflect community priorities and should be consistent with other local plans. Goals are general guidelines that explain what is to be achieved. They are usually broad-based policy type statements, long term and represent global visions. Goals help define the benefits that the plan is trying to achieve. Objectives are short term aims that,when combined,form a strategy or course of action to meet a goal. Unlike goals, objectives are specific and measurable. 6.1.1 Coordination with Other Planning Efforts The goals of this plan need to be consistent with and complement the goals of other local planning efforts. The primary planning documents that the goals of this plan should complement and be consistent with are the county and participating jurisdictions' comprehensive plans. Comprehensive plans are important because they are developed and designed to guide future growth within their communities. Keeping the Local Mitigation Strategy and Comprehensive Plans consistent ensures that land development is done with awareness and understanding of hazard risk and that mitigation projects complement rather than contradict community development objectives. Another local resource that was reviewed for coordination was the Southeast Florida Regional Compact Climate Action Plan; Monroe County and all incorporated jurisdictions are part of the compact and the associated climate action plan.The Action Plan recommendations are broad and applicable across the region and throughout Monroe County. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 r SECTION 6: MITIGATION STRATEGY 6.1.2 Goal Setting Throughout the planning process,the overarching priorities of LMSWG have remained to protect the life, health, safety, and welfare of the residents of Monroe County as well as limit property damage due to hazard events. To meet this priority, the LMSWG has chosen to include new hazards and intentionally identify mitigation actions across all mitigation categories. Additionally, one of the main priorities of the LMSWG was to maintain eligibility for BRIC, and other HMA, funding opportunities. At the second planning meeting, held on September 2, 2020, the LMSWG reviewed and discussed the goals from the 2015 Monroe County LMS.The previous plan had 7 long-standing goals with no associated objectives. It was recommended that the working group developer a shorter list of three to four broad based goals. The goals from the previous plan are as follows: #1 Preservation of sustainability of life, health, safety, and welfare. #2 Preservation of infrastructure, including power, water, sewer, and communications. #3 Maintenance and protection of roads and bridges, including traffic signals and street signs. #4 Protection of critical facilities, including public schools and public buildings. #5 Preservation of property and assets. #6 Preservation of economy during and after disaster, including business viability. #7 Preservation and protection of the environment A new set of broader goals accompanied by more specific objectives were presented to the LMS working group for review and discussion.The goals combined,carried forward,and expanded upon the sentiments of the goals from the 2015 plan. These updates were validated by the working group. The goals and objectives approved by the LMSWG are presented below. 6.1.3 Resulting Goals and Objectives Goal 1—Preserve the sustainability of life, health, safety, and welfare. Objective 1.1: Provide public education and outreach to teach residents and visitors how to protect themselves and their property. Objective 1.2: Improve preparedness, response, and recovery capabilities to minimize hazard impacts. Objective 1.3: Pursue property protection and structural projects to reduce vulnerability of existing development. Goal 2—Protect and preserve property and assets, including the built environment and natural resources. Objective 2.1: Protect and preserve community infrastructure systems, including critical facilities, utilities, water, sewer, communications, and transportation. Objective 2.2: Use planning and regulatory tools to protect future development and prevent hazard risks from worsening. Objective 2.3: Preserve natural areas that provide hazard risk reduction and other beneficial functions. Goal 3—Build local capacity to become continuously less vulnerable to hazards Objective 3.1: Reduce losses from business interruption and support long term business viability. Objective 3.2: Ensure continuity of critical local government operations. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 SECTION 6: MITIGATION STRATEGY Objective 3.3: Strengthen regional connections and foster inter-jurisdictional coordination for risk reduction. 6.2 IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii): [The mitigation strategy section shall include a] section that identifies and analyzes a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects being considered to reduce the effects of each hazard, with particular emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure. All plans approved by FEMA after October 1, 2008, must also address the jurisdiction's participation in the NFIP, and continued compliance with NFIP requirements,as appropriate. To identify and select mitigation projects that support the mitigation goals, each hazard identified in Section 4 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment was evaluated. The following hazards were determined based on the Priority Risk Index scores to be high and moderate priority hazards: Flood ► Wildfire Tropical Cyclones ► Drought Sea Level Rise ► Extreme Heat Severe Storms ► Radiological Incident Tornado & Waterspout ► Cyber Attack Coastal Erosion Note: While this list contains technological/human-caused hazards, only natural hazards on this list were necessarily prioritized for mitigation. Mitigation action development for technological/human-caused hazards was left to the discretion of each jurisdiction. Once it was determined which hazards warranted the development of specific mitigation actions, the LMSWG analyzed viable mitigation options that supported the identified goals and objectives. The LMSWG was provided with the following list of mitigation categories which are utilized as part of the CRS planning process but are also applicable to multi-hazard mitigation. Prevention ► Emergency Services Property Protection ► Structural Projects Natural Resource Protection Public Information and Outreach Thee LMSWG was also provided with examples of potential mitigation actions for each of the above categories. The LMSWG was instructed to consider both future and existing buildings in evaluating possible mitigation actions. The LMSWG also considered which actions from the previous plan and subsequent annual updates that were not already completed should be continued in this action plan. A more detailed review of possible actions within each mitigation category that were reviewed by the LMSWG is provided in Appendix C. Actions that were completed or not carried forward (deleted) are detailed in Section 2.9. 6.2.1 Prioritization Process Monroe County employs a three-step mitigation action prioritization process. Step One, defined in this section, is to identify a full range of possible mitigation activities and create a preliminary list. Steps Two and Three are detailed in Appendix D. In the process of identifying continuing and new mitigation actions, the LMSWG was provided with a set of prioritization criteria to assist in deciding why one recommended action might be more important, more effective,or more likely to be implemented than another. LMSWG members were asked to rate each action with an approach modified from the FEMA STAPLEE criteria and then evaluate the general efficacy of each action. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 rgy SECTION 6: MITIGATION STRATEGY The LMSWG was first asked to give each action a positive (1 point), neutral (0 points), or negative (-1 point) rating for each of the STAPLEE elements: Socially Acceptable: Is the action acceptable to the community? Does it have a greater impact on a certain segment of the population?Are the benefits fair? Technically Feasible: Is the action technically feasibly? Is it a long-term solution to the problem? Does it capitalize on existing planning mechanisms for implementation? Administrative Resources: Are there adequate staffing, funding and other capabilities to implement the project? Is there adequate additional capability to ensure ongoing maintenance? Politically Supported: Will there be adequate political and public support for the project? Does the project have a local champion to support implementation? Legally Allowable: Does the community have the legal authority to implement the action? Economically Sound: Can the action be funded locally? Will the action need to be funded by an outside entity, and has that funding been secured? How much will the project cost? Can the benefits be quantified, and do they outweigh the costs? Environmentally Sound: Does the action comply with environmental regulations? Does the action meet the community's environmental goals? Does the action impact land,water, endangered species, or other natural assets? Each action could receive a STAPLEE score between 7 and -7; however, no action was considered further if it scored less than 0 points. Next, the LMSWG was asked to consider each action's potential efficacy by answering the following questions with unlikely(0 points), maybe (1 point), probably(2 points), or definitely(3 points): Will the action result in lives saved? Will the action reduce property damages? Will the action reduce the need for response actions? Will the benefits exceed the cost? Each action could receive an additional effectiveness score of 0 to 12. Using these prioritization criteria, the LMSWG was able to score each action on a scale of 0 to 19. The prioritization ranking, simplified as High, Medium, or Low, for each mitigation action considered by the LMSG is provided in the Mitigation Action Plan below. These priority rankings are defined as follows: High: 14 to 19 points Medium: 7 to 13 points Low: 0 to 6 points In accordance with the DMA requirements, an emphasis was placed on the importance of a benefit-cost analysis in determining action priority, as reflected in the prioritization criteria above. For each action,the LMSWG considered the benefit-cost analysis in terms of: Ability of the action to address the problem Contribution of the action to save life or property Available technical and administrative resources for implementation Availability of funding and perceived cost-effectiveness The consideration of these criteria helped to prioritize and refine mitigation actions but did not constitute a full benefit-cost analysis. The cost-effectiveness of any mitigation alternative will be considered in greater detail through performing benefit-cost project analyses when seeking FEMA mitigation grant funding for eligible actions associated with this plan. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 r SECTION 7: MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 7 Mitigation Action Plan Requirement§201.6(c)(3)(iii): [The mitigation strategy section shall include an] action plan describing how the actions identified in section(c)(3)(ii)will be prioritized,implemented,and administered by the local jurisdiction. Prioritization shall include a special emphasis on the extent to which benefits are maximized according to a cost benefit review of the proposed projects and their associated costs. This section provides the updated mitigation action plan, which was developed to present the HMPC's recommendations for how the participating communities can reduce the risk and vulnerability of people, property, infrastructure,and natural and cultural resources to future disaster losses. Emphasis was placed on both future and existing development. Each mitigation action recommended for implementation is listed in these tables along with detail on the applicable jurisdictions, hazards addressed, the goal and objective addressed,the priority rating, the lead agency responsible for implementation, potential funding sources for the action, a projected implementation timeline (noted as the projected timeframe for completion), and the 2020 status and comments on this status for actions that were carried forward from the 2015 plan. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 0 o N 00 n C U C -° ¢ m 0 F. v LL . 3 -o E 3 v w '-" E v rca o v .Y v w '" E v m v a v m y � o o o -o o m ° o 0 0_I a -o v °' E o ° o_.o ¢ " c v .Y v r v c v ., z E mT`o o N N i i i i i V ° V ° V ° V ° V ° O A 4 C_ 10 O O E E E E N o o N o u - O l7 c 2 E E E a c a V l.7 Q l7 zt: w [O in 2 u 2 in O N O A O 00 � p v1 O cc c o m o 0 L1 L1 L1 t�/1 \ 0 >c 4! Q+' 0 � N 0 � U1 ° v j tp N V E V E V u "6 a Ul v Ul UI v Ul w . 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Q O v ry a v v E u .@ u m a - z O c m m O v v v v v v v v v v v v v ° m F= "- 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 UI UI N N Ul Ul Ul Ul UI UI UI UI C u Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y n O� O O 0 \ / \ ) \ « ! ! - { { # - ƒ � ® \ > / § ) [ r k� ) ) {\ ) ) ) )} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ k } f § § § § § } }\ § } }) }) \ @ @ @lw \ \ wE — — — { 0in - \ { \ { \ \ E \ ! ! ! ! ! ! � : } � - - — M. \ \ /) o \ /\ / # > `{) �¥! � \ \ {\ \ \ k � /\ \ \ - a f 10 10 OC 10 10 - � 2Jn \ = \ \ \ \ \ \\ § G \) CHAPTER 8: PLAN MAINTENANCE Plan Maintenance Requirement§201.6(c)(4): [The plan maintenance process shall include a] section describing the method and schedule of monitoring,evaluating,and updating the mitigation plan within a five-year cycle. Implementation and maintenance of the plan is critical to the overall success of hazard mitigation planning. This section discusses how the Mitigation Action Plan will be implemented by participating jurisdictions and outlines the method and schedule for monitoring, updating, and evaluating the plan. This section also discusses incorporating the plan into existing planning mechanisms and how the public will continue to be involved in the planning process. It consists of the following three subsections: 8.1 Distribution 8.2 Implementation 8.3 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Enhancement 8.4 Continued Public Involvement 8.1 • Upon adoption of the 2020 Monroe County Local Mitigation Strategy Update, the plan in its entirety will be posted on the Monroe County Emergency Management Department's website. Notice of its availability will be distributed to relevant Federal and State agencies, as well as local elected officials. The plan will be maintained on the Monroe County Emergency Management Department's website for public access throughout its duration. 8.2 47 Each jurisdiction participating in this plan update is responsible for implementing specific mitigation actions as prescribed in the Mitigation Action Plan(found in Section 7). In the Mitigation Action Plan,every proposed action is assigned to a specific local department or agency to ensure responsibility and accountability and increase the likelihood of subsequent implementation. Jurisdiction may update the actions applicable to their jurisdiction as needed without altering the broader focus of the LMS. In addition to the assignment of a local lead department or agency, an implementation timeline or a specific implementation date or window has been assigned to each mitigation action to help assess whether reasonable progress is being made toward implementation. The participating jurisdictions will seek outside funding sources to implement mitigation projects in both the pre-disaster and post-disaster environments. When applicable, potential funding sources have been identified for proposed actions listed in the Mitigation Action Plan. An important implementation mechanism that is highly effective and low-cost is integration of the Local Mitigation Strategy recommendations and their underlying principles into other plans and mechanisms. Where possible, plan participants will use existing plans and/or programs to implement the Mitigation Action Plan. LMSWG group members may consider integrating the findings, recommendations, and actions presented in the LMS into the following plans and ordinances, among others: Comprehensive Plans; ► Capital Improvements Plans; Zoning Ordinances & Land Use Plans; ► Repetitive Loss Plans; Subdivision Ordinances; ► Climate Change/Sea Level Rise Plans; Building Codes; ► Small Area Plans; and Emergency Operations Plans; ► Transportation Plans. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 CHAPTER 8: PLAN MAINTENANCE The LMSWG uniformly acknowledges the County's risk and the associated effects of hazards such as high winds, tropical cyclones and storm surge, flooding, and sea level rise. As such, data regarding risk assessments and options to mitigate such risk are incorporated into existing community planning mechanisms, which are detailed in each community's individual annexes. Moving forward, it will be the responsibility of the LMSWG representatives from each participating jurisdiction to continue to determine and pursue opportunities for integrating the findings, requirements, and strategies of this plan with other local planning documents. The LMSWG is also responsible for ensuring that the goals and strategies of new and updated local planning documents for their jurisdictions or agencies are consistent with the goals and actions of the Local Mitigation Strategy and will not contribute to increased hazard vulnerability in the planning area. Methods for integration may include: Monitoring other planning/program agendas; Attending other planning/program meetings; Participating in other planning processes; and Monitoring community budget meetings for other community program opportunities. Many identified mitigation initiatives are capital projects, the implementation of which is usually dependent upon the availability of funding. When such initiatives are prioritized, and funding is sought, each jurisdiction will comply with its existing rules regarding inclusion of projects in its Capital Improvement Plan or other budget and planning processes and documents. Opportunities to integrate the requirements of this plan into other local planning mechanisms shall continue to be identified through future meetings of the LMSWG and through the five-year review process described herein. Although it is recognized that there are many possible benefits to integrating components of this plan into other local planning mechanisms,the development and maintenance of this stand-alone Local Mitigation Strategy is deemed by the LMSWG to be the most effective and appropriate method to implement local hazard mitigation actions at this time. 8.3.1 Role of LMSWG in Implementation, Monitoring and Maintenance With adoption of this plan, each jurisdiction will be responsible for the implementation and maintenance of their mitigation actions.The LMS Coordinator from Monroe County Emergency Management will take the lead in all plan monitoring and update procedures. As such, each jurisdiction agrees to continue their relationship with the LMSWG and: Act as a forum for hazard mitigation issues; Disseminate hazard mitigation ideas and activities to all participants; Pursue the implementation of high-priority, low/no-cost recommended actions; Ensure hazard mitigation remains a consideration for community decision makers,- Maintain a vigilant monitoring of multi-objective cost-share opportunities to help the community implement the plan's recommended actions for which no current funding exists; Monitor and assist in implementation and update of this plan; Report on plan progress and recommended revisions to the local governing boards; and Inform and solicit input from the public. The LMSWG's primary duty moving forward is to see the plan successfully carried out and report to the local governing boards, FDEM, FEMA, and the public on the status of plan implementation and mitigation opportunities. Other duties include reviewing and promoting mitigation proposals, considering stakeholder concerns about mitigation, passing concerns on to appropriate entities, and providing relevant information for posting on community websites (and others as appropriate). Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 CHAPTER 8: PLAN MAINTENANCE Simultaneous to these efforts, it will be important to maintain a constant monitoring of funding opportunities that can be leveraged to implement some of the costlier recommended actions. This will include creating and maintaining a bank of ideas on how to meet local match or participation requirements. When funding does become available, the County will be positioned to capitalize on the opportunity. Funding opportunities to be monitored include special pre- and post-disaster funds, state and federal earmarked funds, benefit assessments, and other grant programs, including those that can serve or support multi-objective applications. 8.3.2 Monitoring and Maintenance Schedule Plan maintenance implies an ongoing effort to monitor and evaluate plan implementation and to update the plan as progress, roadblocks, or changing circumstances are recognized. The LMS Coordinator will be responsible for convening the LMSWG and initiating regular reviews. Regular maintenance will take place through quarterly conference calls and an annual meeting of the LMSWG. The LMSWG will also convene to review the plan after significant hazard events. The criteria recommended in 44 CFR 201 and 206 will be utilized in reviewing and updating the plan. 8.3.3 Maintenance Evaluation Process Evaluation of progress can be achieved by monitoring changes in vulnerabilities identified in the plan. Changes in vulnerability can be identified by noting: Decreased vulnerability as a result of implementing recommended actions; Increased vulnerability as a result of failed or ineffective mitigation actions; and/or Increased vulnerability as a result of new development (and/or annexation). Updates to this plan will: Consider changes in vulnerability due to project implementation; Document success stories where mitigation efforts have proven effective; Document areas where mitigation actions were not effective; Document any new hazards that may arise or were previously overlooked; Incorporate new data or studies on hazards and risks; Incorporate new capabilities or changes in capabilities; Incorporate growth and development-related changes to asset inventories; and Incorporate new project recommendations or changes in project prioritization. 8.3.3.1 Quarterly Conference Calls In order to ensure effectiveness in meeting the goals set forth in this plan, the LMS working group will convene quarterly via conference call. More specifically, quarterly reviews will monitor changes to the following information: Community growth or change in the past quarter along with updates to community plans. Status of active initiatives to maintain currency of the list. The number of substantially damaged or substantially improved structures by flood zone. The renovations and mitigation activities to public infrastructure including water, sewer, drainage, roads, bridges, gas lines, and buildings. The number of building and assets protected or mitigation. Natural hazard occurrences that required activation of any Emergency Operations Center(EOC) in the County and whether the event resulted in a presidential disaster declaration. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 CHAPTER 8: PLAN MAINTENANCE Natural hazard occurrences that were not of a magnitude to warrant activation of the EOC or a federal disaster declaration but were severe enough to cause damage in the community or closure of businesses, schools, or public services. The dates of hazard events descriptions. Documented damages due to the event; include details on closure of places of employment or schools and the number of days closed, road or bridge closures due to the hazard event and length of time closed, and an assessment of the number of private and public buildings damaged and whether the damage was minor, substantial, major, or if buildings were destroyed. The assessment will include residences, mobile homes, commercial structures, industrial structures, and public buildings, such as schools and public safety buildings. 8.3.3.2 Annual Evaluation and Updates Per Florida Administrative Code Chapter 27P-22, and to ensure the LMS is current and continues to serve the interest of residents and visitors, the LMSWG will perform annual evaluations. By the end of September of each year, the LMS Coordinator will notify LMSWG members of the need to identify and compile revisions brought up through quarterly reviews. Working group members will submit any proposed revisions to Emergency Management to be discussed at the annual LMSWG meeting. Minor revisions may be handled by addenda while significant revisions will be submitted to FDEM. The LMS Coordinator will compile the proposed revisions and submit them to the Department of Community Affairs and FDEM by the last working day of January. Revisions may be warranted due to: Hazard events that have occurred prompting a change in the characterization of risk and vulnerability or warrant the consideration of additional initiatives; Significant changes, such as addition or deletion, to the critical facilities lists; Changes to the NFIP's list of Repetitive Loss Properties; Changes in develop that result in changes to the characterization of people and property that are at risk; Changes to the list of mitigation initiatives including the addition of new initiatives, or the deletion or completion of existing initiatives; Changes in department organization, regulations, comprehensive plans, and the like; and Changes necessary to comply with State and Federal program requirements. In the event of a major hazard event such as a hurricane or tropical storm,the LMSWG will convene after the event to discuss its impacts and initiate a discussion on how the LMSWG can influence mitigation in the recovery process. Whether shortly after an event or in response to receiving notice from FDEM that mitigation funds are available, the LMSWG will consider which project and initiatives will be prioritized. 8.3.3.3 Five-Year Update The LMS Coordinator will be responsible for reconvening the LMSWG for the Five-Year plan update. In part, this revision will be to incorporate the material collected for the annual updates in the four years prior. The five-year update will be submitted to FDEM and FEMA Region IV. With this plan update anticipated to be completed by 2020,the next plan update for Monroe County will be completed by 2025. 8.4 CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT Continued public involvement is imperative to the overall success of the plan's implementation. The quarterly review process will provide an opportunity to solicit participation from new and existing stakeholders and to publicize success stories from the plan implementation and seek additional public comment. Efforts to involve the public in the maintenance, evaluation and revision process may include: Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 CHAPTER 8: PLAN MAINTENANCE Advertising LMSWG meetings in the local newspaper, public bulletin boards and/or local government office buildings; Designating willing citizens and private sector representatives as official members of the LMSWG; Utilizing local media to update the public of any maintenance and/or review activities; Utilizing local government websites to advertise any maintenance and/or review activities; Maintaining copies of the plan in public libraries or other appropriate venues; Posting annual progress reports on the Plan to local government websites; Heavy publicity of the plan and potential ways for the public to be involved after significant hazard events, tailored to the event that has just happened; Keeping websites, social media outlets, etc. updated; Drafting articles for the local community newspapers/newsletters; Utilizing social media accounts (e.g. Twitter, Facebook). Public Involvement for Five-year Update When the HMPC reconvenes for the five-year update, they will coordinate with all stakeholders participating in the planning process—including those that joined the committee since the planning process began—to update and revise the plan. In reconvening, the LMSWG will be responsible for coordinating the activities necessary to involve the greater public, including disseminating information through a variety of media channels detailing the plan update process. As part of this effort, public meetings will be held and public comments will be solicited on the plan update draft. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA SECTION 9: PLAN ADOPTION 9 Plan Adoption Requirement§201.6(c)(5): [The plan shall include]documentation that the plan has been formally approved by the governing body of the jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan(e.g.,City Council,County Commissioner, Tribal Council). The purpose of formally adopting this plan is to secure buy-in, raise awareness of the plan, and formalize the plan's implementation. The adoption of this plan completes Planning Step 9 (Adopt the Plan) of the 10-step planning process, in accordance with the requirements of DMA 2000. FEMA Approval Letters and community adoption resolutions are provided below. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Ad ANNEX A: MONROE COUNTY UNINCORPORATED AREAS ,annex A Monroe County PROCESSA.1 PLANNING The table below lists the LMSWG members who represented Monroe County unincorporated areas. Table A.1—HMPC Members Representative Agency/Department Karl Bursa Senior Floodplain Administrator, Building Department Judith Clarke Director, Engineering Department Sheryl Graham Senior Director,Social Services Susan Grant Building Inspector/Plans Examiner, Building Department Christine Hurley Assistant County Administrator,County Administration Kevin Wilson Assistant County Administrator,County Administration Lori Lehr Community Rating Systems Consultant, Planning and Environmental Resources Lisa Tennyson Grants Acquisition Director, Legislative Affairs Jeff Manning Senior Planner, Emergency Management Maria Slavik Risk Management Administrator, Risk Management Charles Pattison Executive Director, Monroe County Land Authority Helene Weatherington Director, Disaster Recovery Kevin Wilson Assistant County Administrator,County Administration Mary Wingate Chief of Floodplain Regulatory Operations, Building Department Shannon Weiner Director, Emergency Management A.2 COMMUNITY PROFILE Geography Monroe County is the southernmost county in the State of Florida. It is made up of the Florida Keys, a string of tropical islands stretching 120 miles from the southern tip of Florida between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, and mainland Monroe, located in the southwestern corner of Florida. It is bordered to the north by Collier County, to the east by Miami-Dade County, and to the west by the Gulf of Mexico. Monroe County comprises the Key West Micropolitan Statistical Area. In total, the County comprises a land area of approximately 982 square miles. Monroe County was created on July 3, 1823 as Florida's sixth county; it was named after James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States. Population and Demographics Table A.2 provides population counts and growth estimates for the County's unincorporated areas as compared to the county overall. Table A.3 further details important demographic and social characteristics for the unincorporated areas of the county as compared to the County overall and the State of Florida. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA ANNEX A: MONROE COUNTY UNINCORPORATED AREAS Table A.2-Population Counts, Unincorporated Monroe County, 2010-2018 2000 Census 2010 Census 2018 ACS Total Change %Change Jurisdiction Population Population Population 2010-2018 2010-2018 Estimate Unincorporated Monroe County 42,882 39,163 35,329 -3,834 -9.8% Monroe County Total 1 79,5891 73,0901 76,3251 3,235 1 Source: US Census Bureau Decennial Census 2000,Decennial Census 2010;American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Note:Unincorporated areas statistics calculated by subtracting jurisdiction counts from the county total. Table A.3-Monroe County Demographic Summary, 2018 Demographic&Social Characteristics Unincorporated Monroe Florida Monroe County County Median Age 47.3 41.9 %of Population Under 5 years old 3.9 4.7 5.4 %of population Over 65 years old 19.6 21.3 19.7 %of Population Over 25 with high school diploma 89.8 91.3 88.0 %of Population Over 25 with bachelor's degree or 32.0 33.3 29.2 higher %with Disability 12.2 11.1 13.4 %Speak English less than "very well" 1 10.1 1 10.2 1 11.9 Source:US Census Bureau,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Housing Table A.4 details housing unit counts for Monroe County unincorporated areas as compared to the county overall. Overall, housing unit estimates increased by just over four percent in unincorporated Monroe County. However,these counts are calculated by subtracting the estimates of all incorporated areas from the county total estimate, which may skew these numbers. Of the vacant housing units in the unincorporated areas of the County (46 percent), 77 percent are vacant for seasonal or recreational use. Table A.4-Housing Statistics, Unincorporated Monroe County, 2010-2018 Housing Characteristics Monroe Unincorporated County Monroe County Housing Units(2010) 52,764 25,163 Housing Units(2018) 53,423 26,216 Housing Units Percent Change(2010-2018) 1.2% 4.2% Housing Occupancy Rate 58.0% 53.7% %of Vacant Units for Seasonal/Recreational Use 69.4% 77.6% Average Household Size(Owner-Occupied) 2.31 2.63 Average Household Size(Renter-Occupied) 2.51 2.68 %of Housing Units with no Vehicles Available 7.1% 6.5% %of Housing Units that are mobile homes 12.8% 9.0% Source: U.S.Census Bureau 2010 Decennial Census,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates This section contains a summary of the County's asset inventory as well as hazard profile and vulnerability assessment for those hazards that are spatially defined and have variations in risk that could be evaluated quantitatively on a jurisdictional level. The hazards included in this section are: Flood, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, and Wildfire. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ,uu� ANNEX A: MONROE COUNTY UNINCORPORATED AREAS Asset Inventory The following tables summarize the asset inventory for Monroe County unincorporated areas in order to estimate the total physical exposure to hazards in this area. Included is total building exposure, critical facilities, and critical infrastructure. Table A.5-Unincorporated Monroe County Building Exposure by Occupancy Occupancy Estimated Structure Value Estimated Total Value Parcel Count Content Value Unincorporated Monroe County 22,097 $6,662,285,676 $3,597,445,125 $10,259,730,801 Commercial 1,299 $313,260,751 $313,260,751 $626,521,502 Education 17 $71,603,071 $71,603,071 $143,206,142 Government 124 $46,430,301 $46,430,301 $92,860,602 Industrial 92 $41,135,484 $61,703,226 $102,838,710 Religious 25 $19,039,483 $19,039,483 $38,078,966 Residential 20,540 $6,170,816,586 $3,085,408,293 $9,256,224,879 Source:Monroe County Table A.6-Critical Facilities& Infrastructure by Type c in o a O v T ay ai c y E ; W y +�_+ �= to a) O d y d H y y > to `c+ `-' s t�'a t`a r Jurisdiction Q U W W W U- (7 = 2 C d (% Unincorporated Monroe County 2 6 36 6 25 8 5 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 7 106 Source:Monroe County A.3.1 Flood Table A.7 details the acreage of unincorporated Monroe County's total area by flood zone on the effective DFIRM; it also shows a comparison to the preliminary DFIRM released in December 2019. Approximately 70 percent of the unincorporated areas of Monroe County falls within the mapped 1%-annual-chance floodplains. data in this risk assessment is based off FEMA's 2012 DFIRM. Figure A.1 through Figure A.7 reflects the effective mapped flood hazard zones for Monroe County. Table A.7- Flood Zone Acreage in Unincorporated Monroe County Effective DFIRM(2012) Preliminary DFIRM(2019) Change from Percent of Percent of Flood Zone Acreage Total(%) Acreage Total(%) Effective(acres) A 0 0% 44,705.9 2.8% 44,705.9 AE 623,103.5 39.4% 569,823.9 36.1% -53,279.6 VE 477,685.3 30.2% 486,942.4 30.8% 9,257.1 AO 0.0 0.0% 0.5 0.0% 0.5 0.2%Annual Chance 781.0 0.0% 1,674.9 0.1% 893.9 Flood Hazard Unshaded X 1,155.5 0.1% 676.0 0.0% -479.5 Open Water 477,840.1 30.2% 477,399.9 30.2% -440.2 Total 1,580,565.4 -- 1 1,581,223.4 -- 1 658.0 SFHA Total 1,100,788.8 69.6% 1 1,101,472.7 69.7% 683.9 Source:FEMA Effective DFIRM Note:The differences between the effective FIRM and the preliminary FIRM are significant will likely still change.These details are provided here only as a comparison-all further flood analysis is based in the 2012 Effective DFIRM. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ,r ANNEX A: MONROE COUNTY UNINCORPORATED AREAS Table A.8 provides building counts and estimated damages by occupancy type for the 1% annual chance flood event. Table A.8—Unincorporated Monroe County Estimated Building Damage and Content Loss, 1%Annual Chance Flood Buildings Building and Estimated Estimated Loss Occupancy Impacted Contents Cost Building Damages Content Damages Total Damage Ratio Commercial 409 $442,722,915 $8,624,749 $27,655,230 $36,279,979 8% Educational 15 $77,970,733 $533,355 $4,805,342 $5,338,696 7% Government 87 $82,659,660 $1,240,016 $7,813,831 $9,053,847 11% Industrial 83 $85,624,432 $2,181,271 $5,420,090 $7,601,361 9% Religious 25 $38,078,966 $1,121,498 $7,882,792 $9,004,290 24% Residential 20,528 $6,868,134,968 $1,039,691,898 $587,329,498 $1,627,021,396 24% Total 21,147 $7,595,191,673 $1,053,392,786 $640,906,784 $1,694,299,570 22% Source:HAZUS Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 V N � 3 a � a x � �.✓1 � ^ V-tx Fl. e �1 riV. lj� AIP d - o � Na .. 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In total, over 50 percent of all parcels in unincorporated Monroe County will be impacted by 3 feet of sea level rise. Table A.9—Parcels Affected by Sea Level Rise, Unincorporated Monroe County Parcels Affected by Sea Level %of Parcels Occupancy Estimated Parcel Count(total) Rise Impacted by 3 1 Ft 2 Ft 3 Ft ft SLR Unincorporated Monroe County 22,097 688 4,667 11,398 51.6% Commercial 1,299 86 302 546 42.0% Education 17 0 4 11 64.7% Government 124 11 30 51 41.1% Industrial 92 5 16 32 34.8% Religious 1 25 1 2 9 14 1 56.0% Residential 1 20,540 584 4,306 10,744 Source:Monroe County Parcel Data,2020 Figure A.8 through Figure A.14 display 1, 2, and 3 feet of sea level rise and highlights affected parcels. Note that data was not available to assess the impacts of sea level rise on mainland Monroe (Area 6 and Area 7). Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 a a C N ss p � a O 41 +1 �. 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P m o m 3 -x G ^ ory tYo � OA F- 'off ry ai O ""ray, to 'i J Z mo LL ~ o r .�-+ s p � O 0 Q 0 V W O Z L O 3 N Q v� r04 v a a � • . p J LL LL `InS�� M 41 N U �N Q 4 di O , Q \ 1 ' O 1 4j 00 ix _ J cu N �1 GJ 'k o CL N= ti W N t z° bG \_ _ T �t N� f6 $ �o° 00 Z LL 3 RC+ i U W m •i J a _ Z z LL � c o T O O 0 �+ 7 Q o V �p •i W 3 Z _ L Z cO c3 NO , _ .Iz \ � �� \ % i �;) � a \ aoe cu / ro- n 2 \ � - Ln / � 2 w m �\ « � O _ A S - z % � ■a :\- � @\} \/\ \ . LLI L \ 0 �$ k 0 G a 0 0 u CA — � § - § § t2 « 0 Q » - \ a \ ! § ` � c 2 i ) E 5 a woe 150 / k � 0 \ � � + 2 > � q Ln � C \� « f § « 7� . . � a t & � � zblo } \� 1-4 � \ LLI mo L \ 0 �$ k 0 G LA a 0 0 u — � § z § t2 « 0 Q ANNEX A: MONROE COUNTY UNINCORPORATED AREAS A.3.3 Storm Surge Table A.10 summarizes the number of parcels in unincorporated Monroe County that will be impacted by storm surge resulting from all categories of hurricane. Parcels are counted only once for the lowest category storm they will be affected by; it can be assumed that a parcel affected by storm surge associated with a Category 1 hurricane is also impacted by a Category 2 storm surge. In unincorporated Monroe County, over 40 percent of all parcels will be impacted by a storm surge associated with a Category 1 hurricane; an additional 30 percent would be impacted by a Category 2 storm. Table A.10-Storm Surge Impacts by Hurricane Category, Unincorporated Monroe County Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Occupancy Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Total Total Total Total Total Commercial 218 16.8% 195 15.0% 133 10.2% 25 1.9% 0 0.0% Education 12 70.6% 1 5.9% 2 11.8% 1 5.9% 0 0.0% Government 44 1 35.5% 55 44.4% 1 9 7.3% 1 6 4.8% 1 1 0.8% Industrial 32 34.8% 35 38.0% 18 19.6% 1 1.1% 0 0.0% Religious 16 64.0% 4 16.0% 5 20.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Residential 9,467 46.1% 6,189 30.1% 2,434 11.9% 546 2.7% 18 0.1% Total 1 9,789 44.3% 1 6,479 29.3% 2,601 11.8% 579 2.6% 19 0.1% Source:NOAA SLOSH Data,Monroe County Parcels,2020 Note:Percent of total based off total parcel from asset inventory. 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Qn --- c� (V W� U N O� •� O 3 W LL O O m J @ O oZ x G O C tJ LA 3 O a v° Q a/ 3 X \ z w O Z u C +' O Z rq O 3 m a a v Na Q v L Q Q� � o O � 3 CL 5 0 ^ m 1 o O 7 O J C 8�� C G L L ` LA a u v E $ o O 41 Q m ♦ *h V O O Q Q — W 41 R o m Eg W O O. H t r E O L Vi o V O c N fL6 Z +' () E 3 a VI r Z ° a" r_ Pm 8^ tomOLO LLI LL O O .@-: i J Z �• ` = LL C 0 C tJ � 3 0 a � � X \ z W O Z u C +' O Z O 3 ANNEX A: MONROE COUNTY UNINCORPORATED AREAS A.3.4 Wildfire Figure A.22 through Figure A.28 depicts the WUI for Monroe County, including incorporated areas. The WUI is the area where housing development is built near or among areas of vegetation that may be prone to wildfire. Figure A.29 through Figure A.35depict Burn Probability based on landscape conditions, percentile weather, historical ignition patterns, and historical prevention and suppression efforts. Fire Intensity Scale, which indicates the potential severity of fire based on fuel loads, topography, and other factors, is depicted in Figure A.36 through Figure A.42. WUI areas are distributed throughout the county; the mainland is completely outside of the WUI. Burn probability is low throughout the unincorporated areas on the Keys with some swaths of moderate burn probability in the Middle and Upper Keys areas. On the mainland, burn probability is low near the coast but much of the area included in Everglades National Park has a high burn probability. There are pockets of high fire intensity throughout the unincorporated areas of the County; areas with particularly large clusters include Big Pine Key and the mainland areas of Monroe County. 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GJ S V O O C CA O rn a T f� Z 6L QN oo v C N C O T VLLI O X v 3 c +ro Q � � r �� - - \ 119 co z ` - � � ( ) !I NEI w) \ \ � } ) a m \41 CL § ° ° - 2 _ - � � ) \ ` Ir aj � � '. . 41 « 7 \> « � - � LLI 000 � z m % iZ ■& au § k u m2 LLI 0 �$ 2 � 0 a 0 L § z § t2 « 0 2 2 Q , \ \ ! - \ .�z \ � \ f ! r ! �� \ : . . , ; .�\�■(\ �} } \ } \ CL 05 cu u cu Ln ; `��\\\ '\ � \ ,�y�< �6 y . \> LLI 0 z 3 / . �� \ z � ® � )) {\( ) k LLI 0 1= END LF- z ::z 0 uj z z rq M - �a W a N o v L Q o 41 G41J Y �. l6 rt+ Q I t _ _ :y 2 G O C O A ' CA � 1 i GJ � Y=- L I (Q R o -- e V Z LL .. d Y E 2 N Vf e O Z i^. P m o m � C O� � v � O - a W a J 0 O Z O O c c u v 7 � O X 0 7 W 3 0 , Z u C +' O Z cO rq c7 Q v� C C rj Q r \ 3 3 2 �a W 0 4 Q o � m V G V C" cu O „•�� s a c d� CA 1 LLI O <f' i Z Z Pm our W y U q 0� � •� Z 3 R �, � •+= yo O W a J 0 Z mo Li O T G p3 O p X 3 W 3 0 , Z Z cO c3 r04 � 3 _ 2 m �¢ w 0 m � I O too s R {{ v� - �_ , Owho L i g O Q MTV�e •C ' ''`4 �' 'tom a � �~�"� ': � .�. .= i0 Q I ITV �-�� y r" OC N -- O � I O N I k a+ O I a W a J � r M � O � Z u C r- O Z O 3 Q n 2 2 NO ANNEX A: MONROE COUNTY UNINCORPORATED AREAS A.4.1 Comprehensive Plan and Future Land Use The Monroe County Comprehensive Plan (Year 2030) was updated in 2010; it is divided into three volumes: a Technical Document, Policy Document, and Map Atlas. Because Monroe County and the Florida Keys are designated as an Area of Critical State Concern, Federal and State government involvement in the County's land use planning is extensive. As such, the Keys must comply with two additional state statutory requirements in Section 380.05 and 380.0552(7), F.S., Principles for Guiding Development;these requirements include the incorporation of information from the Florida Keys Carrying Capacity Study.The goal of the most recent plan update was to provide an effective and efficient balance of future anticipated growth in order to enhance the quality of life, maintain community character, economic development, ensure the safety of County residents and visitors, and protect valuable natural resources. A big piece of the updated plan was the adjustment to ROGO permit distribution as noted in Section 3. Goals, objectives and policies are the primary mechanism for implementation of the plan. They are presented for each of the 15 different elements contained within the Year 2030 Comprehensive plan. Each of these elements have relevance to hazard mitigation, particularly: future land use, conservation and coastal management, drainage, recreation and open space, capital improvements, and energy and climate. An excerpt of Monroe County's future land use map is on the following page. Many goals and policies contained within the plan directly address hazard mitigation, a few of note are included here: Goal 102: Monroe County shall direct future growth to lands which are most suitable for development and shall encourage conservation and protection of environmentally sensitive lands (wetlands, beach berm, and tropical hardwood hammock). Goal 105: Monroe County shall maintain a comprehensive land acquisition program and smart growth initiatives in conjunction with its Livable CommuniKeys Program in a manner that recognizes the finite capacity for new development in the Florida Keys by providing economic and housing opportunities for residents without compromising the biodiversity of the natural environment and the continued ability of the natural and man-made systems to sustain livable communities in the Florida Keys for future generations. Goal 204:The health and integrity of Monroe County's marine and freshwater wetlands shall be protected and,where possible, restored and enhanced. Goal 215: Monroe County shall provide for hurricane evacuation, shelters and refuges, and communication capabilities to promote safeguarding of the public against the effects of hurricanes and tropical storms. Goal 216: Monroe County shall maintain a program of hazard mitigation and post-disaster redevelopment to increase public safety and reduce damages and public expenditures. Goal 1001: Monroe County shall provide a stormwater management system which protects real and personal properties, public health and safety, and which promotes and protects groundwater and nearshore water quality Goal 1504: Monroe County shall further protect natural systems and habitats by incorporating climate adaptation and mitigation strategies in its land acquisition policies. This goal will include consideration of the need to address natural resource protection and restoration requirements, the likelihood of natural resource impacts such as shifting habitats from a rising sea, potential threats and loss of marine ecosystems and habitat, ecosystem-based Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A ANNEX A: MONROE COUNTY UNINCORPORATED AREAS approaches to exotic species and vegetation management and the need to protect, manage and restore native habitat. The table below summarizes the permits approved in unincorporated Monroe County in the three years prior to this plan update. Table A.11—Unincorporated Monroe County Building Permit Statistics(2017-2019) Type of Development CY 2017 CY 2018 CY 2019 New single Family 60 118* 116* New Other(commercial, industrial,religious,etc.) 23 44 22 New Multi-Family(2 or more) 28 9 1 Commercial (additions, renovation,conversion) 10 10 22 Residential (additions, renovation,conversions) 215 300 233 Other 6,585 7,835 4,994 Demolition 280 363 371 Relocation - Manufactured home(permanent,temporary) 163 94 72 Source:Local Mitigation Strategy Data Collection Guide *Includes affordable and market rate units Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA N 01 N • r • • fU r ZIP. +M � ,a ie•ir�i��11E■ r < x' �iiilF =■ ■11 long Rib n1MrF1 i� .w M', ■ IA 11i11� � ■�� ![� .y� "ti. Ilill�lll'� r � ■�nir..11lM�� ,�� ilift. �� x =am so NO O■-i■r �. ► �rr•�w1, 11 �- a �'� 02 Or • � ti �r)`i w-��xfxxf rxrs`dfr •� "`rJ1r�j CO ■i��+� a C] Ln © r E oe- 1111lIIII IIIM 9r•, �' A� _ = 1 wa�4 q�S11L C "s � �1�11111 1 is wniNliilli•. a.ii�. w `+SY ■ 111� !R :111a rraawa� .rGi�t • oba II i9M�11 1191 �h 11111 IIIiN Ililifi !1 "^w Nil s u11r1uuF� loop - l+I low alrui1111INlllilllir , wir :.eia II7 C� wl_ �1111 • -;; luuuuruuww�iy • i n■ � � ��'•'�'� �, IIIII�■IUIIII IIIrIN�i^'iN'a*� qa : r- • E Win I��I iltl� imill�llwll■u1ri�1illi.. 1uW m CL + 111 ,90 ANNEX A: MONROE COUNTY UNINCORPORATED AREAS A.4.2 Floodplain Management Monroe County joined the NFIP emergency program in 1970 and has been a regular participant in the NFIP since June 1973. Monroe County participates in the Community Rating System and is currently a Class 5 community. The following tables reflect NFIP policy and claims data for the County categorized by structure type, flood zone, Pre-FIRM and Post-FIRM. Table A.12—NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Structure Type Number of Insurance in Number of Closed Total of Closed Structure Type policies in Force Total Premium Force Paid Losses Paid Losses Single Family 10,274 $10,945,620 $2,501,560,400 14,236 $220,107,638.77 2-4 Family 901 $711,724 $214,636,300 716 $13,611,656.05 All Other Residential 2,433 $1,283,366 $523,432,100 331 $8,305,155.68 Non Residential 835 $3,567,657 $321,885,500 1,475 $44,761,930.11 Total 14,443 $16,508,367 $3,561,514,300 16,758 $286,786,380.61 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table A.13—NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Flood Zone Number of Total Insurance in Number of Closed Total of Closed Flood Zone Policies in Premium Force Paid Losses Paid Losses Force A01-30& AE Zones 13,013 $12,648,171 $3,235,694,800 14,095 $248,449,904.27 A Zones 197 $121,443 $16,839,000 71 $1,598,408.78 V01-30&VE Zones 576 $3,281,361 $132,656,200 2,342 $33,922,432.57 V Zones 15 $9,000 $1,065,000 32 $309,611.81 D Zones 4 $6,270 $785,200 69 $1,504,732.83 B,C& XZone Standard 216 $182,875 $53,264,100 78 $411,902.57 Preferred 335 $207,047 $115,033,000 39 $501,600.51 Total 14,356 $16,456,167 $3,555,337,300 16,726 $286,698,593.34 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table A.14—NFIP Policy and Claims Data Pre-FIRM Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Paid Losses Force Losses A01-30& AE Zones 3,974 $7,518,496 $823,159,400 7,674 $211,029,137.49 A Zones 181 $108,600 $12,851,000 55 $883,312.53 V01-30&VE Zones 201 $1,147,619 $39,008,700 1,590 $30,923,317.66 V Zones 15 $9,000 $1,065,000 31 $309,611.81 D Zones 2 $4,448 $526,900 46 $866,611.05 B,C& X Zone 257 $154,618 $66,430,200 73 $612,124.23 Standard 158 $87,062 $35,557,200 53 $289,981.40 Preferred 99 $67,556 $30,873,000 20 $322,142.83 Total 3,974 $7,518,496 $823,159,400 7,674 $211,029,137.49 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ANNEX A: MONROE COUNTY UNINCORPORATED AREAS Table A.15—NFIP Policy and Claims Data Post-FIRM Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Paid Losses Force Losses A01-30& AE Zones 9,039 $5,129,675 $2,412,535,400 6,421 $37,420,766.78 A Zones 16 $12,843 $3,988,000 16 $715,096.25 V01-30&VE Zones 375 $2,133,742 $93,647,500 752 $2,999,114.91 V Zones 0 $0 $0 1 $0.00 D Zones 2 $1,822 $258,300 23 $638,121.78 B,C& X Zone 294 $235,304 $101,866,900 44 $301,378.85 Standard 58 $95,813 $17,706,900 25 $121,921.17 Preferred 236 $139,491 $84,160,000 19 $179,457.68 Total 9,726 $7,513,386 $2,612,296,100 7,257 $42,074,478.57 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Continued NFIP Compliance Monroe County entered the NFIP in 1973 by adoption of an ordinance that complies with the requirement of the program. The Floodplain Management Ordinance specifies standards for residential and non- residential construction and water supply and sanitary sewer systems that are located in the SFHA. It prohibits the alteration of sand dunes, mangrove stands, or wetlands if such alterations would increase the potential for flooding. The dominant standard in the ordinance requires that the lowest floor of buildings (including manufactured homes) be elevated to or above base flood levels. Enclosures below the elevated lowest floor are allowed only if they meet requirements specific to the flood zone. To ensure continued compliance with the NFIP, the County will continue to: Enforce the adopted floodplain management ordinance, including reviewing all development proposals within the SFHA for compliance and inspection of permitted development and unpermitted activities; Maintain records pertaining to development, including flood maps and Letters of Map Change, which shall be available for public inspection; Notify the public when there are proposed changes to the ordinance or FIRMS; and ► Promote the purchase of NFIP flood insurance policies as financial protection. Enclosures Below Elevated Buildings In 1995, FEMA notified Monroe County that the illegal conversion and occupancy of enclosures below elevated residential structures had resulted from a deficiency in the County's enforcement of its floodplain management regulations.The County was directed to correct the deficiency or face suspension from the NFIP. The BOCC appointed a task force to address the problem which developed the "Flood Insurance Inspection Program." NFIP-insured homes with enclosures below the Base Flood Elevation were to be inspected to identify deficiencies; these were to be corrected in order for flood insurance policies to be written. Over 2,000 properties had been inspected through 2009; 1,600 had been brought into compliance. In mid-2014, FEMA ended the pilot program but directed Monroe County to continue enforcement. Section 122-6 of the Floodplain Management Ordinance requires the County to provide an "inspection upon Transfer of Property." A report is provided to the new owner regarding any non- conformities associated with enclosures. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 C O N m C C U c I m"' o Y Q3 v vEvo o- 0 0E . v -1 E m o ° °° EO3o o ,_ nE v0v o ,_ . 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O -o W �" V V V V V V V N w V N V Ul V N V N w V p N w w w w w w O m v 0 m v 0 m v 0 m v 0 m v 0 o D: D O O O O O O O y 0 1 c O Y 0 >'c O y o T O y 0 > O y 0 > O y �y C Z L L L L L L L `0 E o ° L `0 E o ° L `0 E o 0 L t0 E o 0 L `0 E o ° o p o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o 1 0 ` ' v Q 0 c y w C R m o m v in n o0 0 Z m m m v v v v v v v v v c •:-, O Q 0 o Q 22 k § ` w ( E ® w {\ §! ! ) § ! { (.0 w.0 \$ a ] j - i « 22 ± a = fe /\ ; 5 § # % / J � _ 7§ EIEo G ` ƒ) § ) $2f [/ &� � w � §) ; § § / 3 � � \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ k } , f § § ) ) ) ) § ) ) § ) § ) § \k ( § 2 - /) /) /) \ /\ / lw `{) �¥! 3 E § _ ) - 2_ § ( k \ ¢ Elw } \ ) 0 t / - - lw - � t § — _ _ _ = J= a Z \ ) « ) « ) \) \) 2 ; - / !0 | ! | f | f | ! | ! § 22 g - _ u / ; ! ; / ; / ; 2 ; / /a / - § \\ § ANNEX B: CITY OF KEY COLONY BEACH City of Key Colony Beach PROCESSB.1 PLANNING The table below lists the HMPC members who represented the City of Key Colony Beach. Table B.1—HMPC Members Representative Agency Christopher Moonis City Administrator, Key Colony Beach Kris DiGiovanni Chief of Police, Key Colony Police Department Gerard Rouisin Building Official, Building& Planning Department COMMUNITY • Geography The City of Key Colony Beach is located in the middle Florida Keys. Most of the city is located on what was formerly known as Shelter Key; a small portion of the city is on Fat Deer Key. The City is connected to US 1 via the Sadowski Causeway. Key Colony Beach is neighbored by the City of Marathon and the Atlantic Ocean. Key Colony Beach comprises a total area of 0.44 square miles. Population and Demographics Table B.2 provides population counts and population change estimates for the City of Key Colony Beach as compared to the county overall. Based on the 2018 American Community Survey, it is estimated that Key Colony Beach has lost over a quarter of its 2010 population. Table B.3 further details important demographic and social characteristics for the City as compared to the County overall and the State of Florida. The City is generally older than the County and the State with a median age of 62.9. The City's proportion of individuals over 65 years old (49.6%) is significantly higher than that of the County and the State;the population under 5 years old (0%) is lower. Table B.2—Population Counts, Key Colony Beach, 2010-2018 2000 Census 2010 Census 2018 ACS Total Change %Change Jurisdiction Population Population Population 2010-2018 2010-2018 Estimate City of Key Colony Beach 788 797 569 -228 -28.6% Monroe County Total 79,589 73,090 76,325 3,235 4.4% Source: US Census Bureau Decennial Census 2000,Decennial Census 2010;American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Note:Unincorporated areas statistics calculated by subtracting jurisdiction counts from the county total. Table B.3—Key Colony Beach Demographic Summary, 2018 Demographic&Social Characteristics City of Key Monroe Florida Colony Beach County Median Age 62.9 47.3 41.9 %of Population Under 5 years old 0.0 4.7 5.4 %of population Over 65 years old 49.6 21.3 19.7 %of Population Over 25 with high school diploma 94.7 91.3 88.0 %of Population Over 25 with bachelor's degree or higher 41.8 33.3 29.2 %with Disability 2.3 11.1 13.4 %Speak English less than "very well" 1.8 10.2 11.9 Source:US Census Bureau,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A ANNEX B: CITY OF KEY COLONY BEACH Housing Table B.4 details housing unit counts for the City of Key Colony Beach as compared to the county overall. Overall, housing unit estimates decreased by less than one percent in Key Colony Beach. Although nearly 13 percent of the County's units are mobile homes,the 2018 ACS estimated no mobile home units in Key Colony Beach. The average household size for both owner- and renter-occupied housing units was lower than that of the County. Median home value in Key Colony Beach is 21 percent higher than that of the County.Of the vacant housing units in Key Colony Beach(75 percent), 68.5 percent are vacant for seasonal or recreational use. Table B.4-Housing Statistics, Key Colony Beach, 2010-2018 Housing Characteristics Monroe County Key Colony Beach Housing Units(2010) 52,764 1,431 Housing Units(2018) 53,423 1,421 Housing Units Percent Change(2010-2018) 1.2% -0.7% Housing Occupancy Rate 58.0% 24.6% %of Vacant Units for Seasonal/Recreational Use 69.4% 68.5% Average Household Size(Owner-Occupied) 2.31 1.63 Average Household Size(Renter-Occupied) 2.51 1.63 %of Housing Units with no Vehicles Available 7.1% 2.9% %of Housing Units that are mobile homes 12.8% 0% Median Home Value $468,200 $566,800 Source: U.S.Census Bureau 2010 Decennial Census,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Economy The following tables present key economic statistics for Key Colony Beach as compared to the county and the state. The small city of Key Colony Beach was estimated to have an unemployment rate of 0 percent in 2018; it was estimated that approximately half of one percent of the population was living below the poverty line. Table B.5-Economic Statistics, Key Colony Beach, 2018 Demographic&Social Characteristics Key Colony MonroeBeach CountyFlorida Median Household Income $90,625 67,023 53,267 Per Capita Income $108,919 $43,477 $30,197 Unemployment Rate 0.0% 2.9% 6.3% %of Individuals Below Poverty Level 0.5% 11.8% 14.8% %Without Health Insurance 10.4% 17.8% 13.5% Source: US Census Bureau Decennial Census 2000,Decennial Census 2010;American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Table B.6 shows employment statistics for Key Colony Beach compared to the county and the state average. The City has a higher share of its employed population working in the retail trade industry than the County, but a smaller share of the workforce is in the arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services industry. Table B.6-Key Colony Beach Employment by Industry,2018 Industry Key Colony Beach Monroe County Florida Agriculture,forestry,fishing and hunting,and mining 0.0% 1.9% 1.0% Construction 6.1% 7 8% 7 3% Manufacturing 0.0% 2.4% 5.1% Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ANNEX B: CITY OF KEY COLONY BEACH Industry Key Colony Beach Monroe County Florida Wholesale trade 0.0°% 2 0°% 2 7°% Retail trade 17.6% 11.7% 12.9% Transportation and warehousing,and utilities 15.1% 6.0% 5.4% Information 0.0% 1.2% 1.9% Finance and insurance,and real estate and rental and leasing 13.5°% 7 1°% 7 7°% Professional,scientific,and management,and administrative and waste management services 15.1% 9.9% 13.1% Educational services,and health care and social assistance 17.0% 14.5% 21.0% Arts,entertainment,and recreation,and accommodation and food services 9.9% 23.9% 12.2% Other services,except public administration 2.9% 4.8% 5.3% Public administration 2.9% 6.9% 4.3% Source: U.S.Census Bureau,2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates This section contains a summary of the City of Key Colony Beach's asset inventory as well as hazard profile and vulnerability assessment for those hazards that are spatially defined and have variations in risk that could be evaluated quantitatively on a jurisdictional level.The hazards included in this section are: Flood, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, and Wildfire. Asset Inventory The following tables summarize the asset inventory for the City of Key Colony Beach in order to estimate the total physical exposure to hazards in this area. Included is total building exposure, critical facilities, and critical infrastructure. Figure B.1 displays the location of critical facilities in Key Colony Beach. Table B.7—Key Colony Beach Building Exposure by Occupancy Occupancy Estimated Structure Value Estimated Content Total Value Parcel Count Value Key Colony Beach 1,372 $422,088,929 $213,951,229 $636,040,158 Commercial 5 $3,729,133 $3,729,133 $7,458,266 Education 0 $0 $0 $0 Government 4 $2,084,395 $2,084,395 $4,168,790 Industrial 0 $0 $0 $0 Religious 0 $0 $0 $0 Residential 1,363 $416,275,401 $208,137,701 $624,413,102 Source:Monroe County Parcel Data,2020 Table B.8—Critical Facilities&Infrastructure by Type r— tA O a O c c E T 2 E bM ba i t r i C y i Jurisdiction Q U W W W Key Colony Beach Source:Monroe County Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 d LL a \ 5 co N 4 � O m U p J o E U � b V t! >, C 1 CJ -' _ C ca E �m i 6L m J 1 . 11 ', 1 's yyy Yryry 2 m O Z �y � 1 W L U�-�I •� CO w i P m v Y I l, y O LL O __ i' T• io O c u co O 0 'i X N 3 W 1 O i+ z 0 3 Q O ANNEX B: CITY OF KEY COLONY BEACH B.3.1 Flood Table B.9 details the acreage of Key Colony Beach's total area by flood zone on the effective DFIRM; it also shows a comparison to the preliminary DFIRM released in December 2019. 100 percent of Key Colony Beach falls within the mapped 1%-annual-chance floodplains; this drops to 99.7 percent on the 2019 preliminary maps.The data in this risk assessment is based off FEMA's 2012 DFIRM. Figure B.2 reflects the effective mapped flood hazard zones for Key Colony Beach. Figure B.3 displays the depth of flooding estimated to occur in these areas during the 1%-annual-chance flood. Table B.9-Flood Zone Acreage in Key Colony Beach Effective DFIRM(2012) Preliminary DFIRM(2019) Change from Percent of Percent of Flood Zone Acreage Total(%) Acreage Total(%) Effective(acres) AE 342.9 74.4% 298.9 64.9% -44.0 VE 117.8 25.6% 160.5 34.8% 42.7 AO 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.2%Annual Chance 0.0 0.0% 1.2 0.3% 1.2 Flood Hazard Unshaded X 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Open Water 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Total 460.7 -- 460.7 -- -- SFHA Total 460.7 100.0% 459.5 99.7% -1.2 Source:FEMA Effective DFIRM Note:The differences between the effective FIRM and the preliminary FIRM are significant will likely still change.These details are provided here only as a comparison-all further flood analysis is based in the 2012 Effective DFIRM. Table B.10 provides building counts and estimated damages by occupancy type for the 1%annual chance flood event. Table B.10-Key Colony Beach Estimated Building Damage and Content Loss, 1%Annual Chance Flood Buildings Building and Estimated Estimated Loss Occupancy Impacted Contents Cost Building Damages Content Damages Total Damage Ratio Commercial 5 $7,458,266 $303,440 $958,943 $1,262,383 17% Educational 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0% Government 4 $4,168,790 $134,416 $933,949 $1,068,365 26% Industrial 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0% Religious 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0% Residential 1363 $415,798,655 $35,051,413 $20,837,558 $55,888,971 13% Total 1,372 $427,425,711 $35,489,269 $22,730,449 $58,219,719 14% Source:HAZUS Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 o a o a a m w m r M — £ N 4 � III O N U N � O O � �y y O m T di O O Y J s v m e 0 Q R =� Q U O O x c d 00 � LL - G � W g LL i R o N eg m t H� iJ � 2 LL ' T m e o Vf O W 3 UL to co w Y O LL LL i J O o O } O 0 3 X LL v3 W O Z u O i' O Z cO c7 N Q v�i C C NO Y 6 O y U N N A+_ m T O � � m .. a T (J i C C O L on e O v o O GJ ❑ O V �1 d u m Q ~ 0 sa� 5 � Q L a p N i 3 E m Vf m "� Pui our � 11 + ;� a•z� O Z � 'O �m • �_ �o� CO w P g m m Y V O LL � O �•,r w 3 1 O O v, X 3 LL W Z u C +' O Z O 3 N Q v� r04 ANNEX B: CITY OF KEY COLONY BEACH B.3.2 Sea Level Rise Table B.11 details the number of parcels affected by 1, 2, and 3 feet of sea level rise in the City of Key Colony Beach. In total, over 13 percent of all parcels in Key Colony Beach will be impacted by 3 feet of sea level rise. Figure BA displays 1, 2, and 3 feet of sea level rise and highlights affected parcels. Table B.11—Parcels Affected by Sea Level Rise, Key Colony Beach Parcels Affected by Sea Level %of Parcels Occupancy Estimated Parcel Count(total) Rise Impacted by 3 1 Ft 2 Ft 3 Ft ft SLR Key Colony Beach 1,372 0 12 185 13.5% Commercial 5 0 0 1 20.0% Education 0 0 0 0 -- Government 4 0 0 1 25.0% Industrial 0 0 0 0 Religious 1 0 1 0 0 0 Residential 1,363 0 12 183 Source:Monroe County Parcel Data,2020 Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 -91 ■� N w _ ■ 1 INN ■\ ■ U ■ \ N N � O ■■ \ Uml VI 1 ■ � N y) n O GJ i0 5 m sit o Y � 111111111 � m 05 aju y*�� Ir1111111111111111111111111111RA� o pl Irlrlrl u a, o co CL E11�r t ■ , U � 11 ►r1 p * rlvrm►rr►rrrrrra►1 a � �� Irk I► 11r1 'rl r ►1 �v vv Cd M � ►r W ■ °'y QQ +' ■ E 3 ��o Q Vf } � Pm fizm Z O Z w y L r4 ro 0 W �/ J a u V Y r o LL ■ O Y LL0 CA C m a , � O o U •� W Z L 1 Z '■R�� o cO c7 N Q v°i C C NO ANNEX B: CITY OF KEY COLONY BEACH B.3.3 Storm Surge Table B.12 summarizes the number of parcels in Key Colony Beach that will be impacted by storm surge resulting from all categories of hurricane. Parcels are counted only once for the lowest category storm they will be affected by;it can be assumed that a parcel affected by storm surge associated with a Category 1 hurricane is also impacted by a Category 2 storm surge. In Key Colony Beach, nearly 50 percent of all parcels will be impacted by a storm surge impacted by a category 2 hurricane; an additional 18 percent would be impacted by a category 3 storm surge. Figure B.5 displays storm surge inundations for all categories overlaid with impacted parcels. Table B.12—Storm Surge Impacts by Hurricane Category, Key Colony Beach Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Occupancy Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Total Total Total Total Total Commercial 0 0.0% 1 20.0% 2 40.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Education 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- Government 1 1 25.0% 3 75.0% 1 0 0.0% 1 0 0.0% 0 1 0.0% Industrial 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- Religious 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- Residential 14 1.0% 660 48.4% 259 19.0% 65 4.8% 0 0.0% Total 1 15 1.1% 1 664 48.4% 261 19.0% 65 4.7% 0 0.0% Source:NOAA SLOSH Data,Monroe County Parcels,2020 Note:Percent of total based off total parcel from asset inventory. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 w a f 3 8 6 0 0 fllf 0 0 o O " y►►v�rrr Il�ir ' ,. � 111►-r'►11111i11111111�— bn �, 11 111►1►11- If r� r, r o ►111_ :., a, 1111►L_Illlll_111_ Ilia m e Q ...�.. "m+n°+i++mmiP \+� M G V L E � cc ow O C 1411 '�� rr■ o"y�P\0, 0.O j •�� E°3 o rm►rt►nnnrnn■rr►�►ni�►� ►►r►g11�.► ,- ` �, �� ■►rn►►— �►n►r►►►►n11 nnrurr_ �� :� � ��n�►�nlrnrrrrn►rl►nm�►r�� .:.. �„ co W-00 ' ir_�rr�n�►�n_��►' -- bn Sam 10 M au LL o W y nL p o p LL V \ \^ O f+ LLI J C V X Z N 3 z O Z Z O 3 Q ANNEX B: CITY OF KEY COLONY BEACH B.3.4 Wildfire Figure B.6 depicts the WUI for Key Colony Beach.The WUI is the area where housing development is built near or among areas of vegetation that may be prone to wildfire. Figure B.7 depicts Burn Probability based on landscape conditions, percentile weather, historical ignition patterns, and historical prevention and suppression efforts. Fire Intensity Scale,which indicates the potential severity of fire based on fuel loads, topography, and other factors, is depicted in Figure B.B. Most of the City is located within the WUI. Where there is a probability of burning, in the northwestern corner of the City, the burn probability is rated as 1, the lowest rating; the remainder of the City has no burn probability associated with it.There are small pockets of high and moderate potential fire intensity, but much of the city has no fire intensity rating. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA � A O y v� 3 i 0 v � o 0 U ^ GJ °' m T a � � g O O V T � N 0 i r V y C Y — � g W * o N o m v �y � N v L 3 z LL T N o Y W °m o +'/'• E� 'ern Vf c O 0 Z ° a E j, C a+ v m v � Y m LL Q a LL T G V 3 O0 m O X 0 3 LU O ? Z u C +' O Z O 3 (N Q LI) rq _ � .�z � \ i . ( \ � « § \ ( z s / 2 k � 222 . \ 0 u 2 % d | to ID a — � Ecel - 2 \ ` � t / ` \\ 3 � LL. 3 � « e � ■! ::! § 0 7) /j\ { to� - • S »^ (LLI k / m 0 o \ � \ \ ƒ�2 2E02 \ m v � § 7 § « 0 � IQ J 9 J F _ e � 6�✓1 '._y a � N � O 0 m ■ ■ v 0 ■ o ■ Y � � m +T+ m e •N � C V � O ` v 0 C � Y c Ll- C v O 41 p T m 1 0 OR o GmJ E� �v L � z LL m' LJJ E 3 Vf w a Y v 0 LL LL m � O o i C V o � m O V i X 3 yLI 0 ? Z u C +' O Z oo c3 rq Q LI) 2 C r j ANNEX B: CITY OF KEY COLONY BEACH B.4.1 Comprehensive Plan and Land Use Key Colony Beach is a well-planned community comprised of single-family, duplex, and multi-family dwellings. These uses are served by limited commercial development, including light retail, restaurants, offices, and marinas.Just over 10%of the land area is used for recreational purposes. The City of Key Colony Beach adopted its Comprehensive Plan in February 1992. The plan includes nine elements pertaining to the future growth and development of the City.Throughout the plan are numerous goals, objectives, and policies that acknowledge hurricane risks, especially related to evacuation, growth, ensuring safety, providing adequate facilities, managing stormwater, working with providers of water supply and wastewater services,and required compliance with codes.The Infrastructure Element and the Conservation and Coastal Element contain specific policies relevant to mitigation of future risk and damage. A map of the City's zoning can be found on the following page. The infrastructure element includes: Complete a detailed engineering study of drainage and implement priority storm water projects. As of 2015, the construction of identified projects is 75%complete with citywide stormwater retention systems On-site wastewater disposal facilities to minimize potential environmental impacts.The City's wastewater treatment plant was installed in 1970 and has been upgraded to 2016 standards. Establish and coordinate acquisition programs. The City has acquired several properties. The Conservation and Coastal element includes: New development encroaching into the 100-year floodplain shall incorporate elevation and flood protection measures sufficient to protect against the 100-year flood. The City shall maintain consistency with program policies of the National Flood Insurance Program. The City shall monitor new, cost-effective programs for minimizing flood damage. Such programs may include modifications to construction setback requirements or other site design techniques, as well as upgraded building and construction techniques. The following table summarizes building permits issued in 2017, 2018, and 2019: Table B.13—Key Colony Beach Permit Statistics (2017-2019) Type of Development CY 2017 CY 2018 CY 2019 New single Family 4 23 1 New Other(commercial, industrial,religious,etc.) 0 0 0 New Multi-Family(2 or more) 2 4 1 Commercial (additions, renovation,conversion) 0 0 0 Residential (additions,renovation,conversions) 600 400 180 Other 0 0 0 Demolition 2 0 0 Relocation 0 0 0 Manufactured home(permanent,temporary) 0 0 0 Source:Local Mitigation Strategy Data Collection Guide Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 pol— �da�aa'ccrxc� r�� w bb c m O N C co GJ � � G cC J 41 C LJ N V s � W � � - a m T GJ •f! v � b t _c LL 2 Y O T 2 a v U L ca 0 � C O Z f6 0 >aj OA oaj Q W v V LL f"M t i J Q m m Li '2 co� O o r V o C t� u O m v U i X Y 0) 3 W O Z L c ++ o Z CO C7 N [V4 ANNEX B: CITY OF KEY COLONY BEACH B.4.2 Floodplain Management The City of Key Colony Beach joined the NFIP emergency program in 1970 and has been a regular participant in the NFIP since July 1971. The City is a participant in the Community Rating System and is a Class 7 community. The following tables reflect NFIP policy and claims data for the City categorized by structure type, flood zone, Pre-FIRM and Post-FIRM. Table B.14—NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Structure Type Number of Insurance in Number of Closed Total of Closed Structure Type policies in Force Total Premium Force Paid Losses Paid Losses Single Family 535 $905,583 $137,949,700 463 $17,465,712.96 2-4 Family 134 $165,694 $32,358,400 182 $5,309,031.76 All Other Residential 444 $288,300 $80,729,400 214 $13,544,163.07 Non Residential 21 $176,702 $7,673,100 43 $4,318,596.71 Total 1,134 $1,536,279 $258,710,600 902 $40,637,504.50 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table B.15—NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Flood Zone Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Force Losses Paid Losses A01-30& AE Zones 1,116 $1,362,282 $254,668,300 884 $39,791,018.49 A Zones 4 $2,400 $284,000 1 $0.00 V01-30&VE Zones 11 $169,797 $3,545,300 16 $804,232.01 B,C& XZone Standard 0 $0 $0 1 $42,254.00 Preferred 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Total 1,131 $1,534,479 $258,497,600 902 $40,637,504.50 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table B.16—NFIP Policy and Claims Data Pre-FIRM Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Force Losses Paid Losses A01-30& AE Zones 608 $991,914 $120,469,700 553 $32,618,666.81 A Zones 4 $2,400 $284,000 1 $0.00 V01-30&VE Zones 5 $122,255 $1,843,000 12 $795,120.91 B,C& X Zone 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Standard 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Preferred 0 1 $0 $0 1 0 $0.00 Total 617 1 $1,116,569 1 $122,596,700 566 $33,413,787.72 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table B.17—NFIP Policy and Claims Data Post-FIRM Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Paid Losses Force Losses A01-30& AE Zones 508 $370,368 $134,198,600 331 $7,172,351.68 V01-30&VE Zones 6 $47,542 $1,702,300 4 $9,111.10 B,C& X Zone 0 $0 $0 1 $42,254.00 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ANNEX B: CITY OF KEY COLONY BEACH Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Paid Losses Force Losses Standard 0 $0 $0 1 $42,254.00 Preferred 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Total 514 $417,910 $135,900,900 336 $7,223,716.78 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Continued NFIP Compliance The City entered the NFIP in 1971 by adoption of an ordinance that complies with the requirement of the program.To continue compliance with the NFIP, the City will: Enforce the adopted floodplain management ordinance, including reviewing all development proposals in the SFHA and enforcing the requirements of the ordinance, and inspecting both permitted development and unpermitted activities; Maintain records pertaining to floodplain development, including flood maps and Letters of Map Change, which shall be available for public inspection; Notify the public when there are proposed changes to the ordinance or FIRMS; Implement activities recognized by the NFIPs CRS, such as maintaining elevation certificates, sending annual NFIP mailing to local lenders, realtors, and insurance companies, and keeping a library of NFIP materials at City Hall; and Promote the purchase of NFIP flood insurance policies as financial protection. 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A m .• v .• v .• v .• v .• v .• v v } o ' o N o Y L o Y L o Y L o Y L o Y L o Y L Y L R Y O o a o t' o ro u o ro u o ro u o ro u o ro u oo LL u N a N Q N O [O N O [O N O [O N O [O N O [O N O [O m w O o O D O O u 0 y p > O y p > O y p > O y o > O y p > O y p > p >v a: R - - - E o ° L `- E o ° L `�° E o ° L `2 E o ° L `2 E o ° L `2 E o ° E o 3 o a o o c o c o o o o o o > 4i v m v°•� � m Z C R m v v v v v v �•;-, p o ) ) \ \ \ \ af ® K! {Ik � : \ \ - ) .\ \ r § f }/ ! ® f : ) © � fN � E mw w. ®f ` k � [ I &! = 2 f { ) 2G # ^ m : e ;; I � | a \ r = I ; m= : = o ƒ) ) G { = ®f § e / § ` ({ \ ) f (f\!) ! {{7ƒ {\ \ ! { § f{ [ � : P = � 3 © : = � � - « - � # �a < � � mu � > - a0 � - ! m : B s ± z : = = mrw « = , B� u : l � B =d � a ±fff2f ; @lue2 : l ! ! l ; zzlsla$ ee & e : e &= e4422 ! k } f ) o /k ) & ; 3 ou f `{) �¥! k & k � \ § { \ - \ ANNEX C: CITY OF KEY WEST PROCESSC.1 PLANNING The table below lists the HMPC members who represented the City of Key West. Table C.1—HMPC Members Representative Agency Alison Higgins Sustainability Coordinator, Engineering Department Carolyn Sheldon Senior Grants Administrator,Grant Services/City Manager Elizabeth Ignoffo Contract& Permit Engineer, Utilities Department John Castro Director, Utilities Department Scott Fraser FEMA Coordinator, Building Department Steven McAlearney Director, Engineering Department COMMUNITY "PROFILE Geography The City of Key West is Florida's southernmost point, located at the far end of the Florida Keys archipelago and 90 miles north of Cuba. Small portions of the City of Key West are located on Dredgers Key, Fleming Key, and Stock Island. Key West sits within the Straits of Florida. Key West comprises a total area of 5.6 square miles. Population and Demographics Table C.2 provides population counts and population change estimates for the City of Key West as compared to the county overall. Based on the 2018 American Community Survey, it is estimated that population of Key West has grown by 1.8 percent since 2010. Table C.3 further details important demographic and social characteristics for the City as compared to the County overall and the State of Florida. Key West is younger than both the County and State with a median age of 40.6 years. Table C.2—Population Counts, Key West, 2010-2018 2000 Census 2010 Census 2018 ACS Total Change %Change Jurisdiction Population Population Population 2010-2018 2010-2018 Estimate City of Key West 25,478 24,649 25,085 436 1.8% Monroe County Total 79,589 73,090 76,325 3,235 4.4% Source: US Census Bureau Decennial Census 2000,Decennial Census 2010;American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Note:Unincorporated areas statistics calculated by subtracting jurisdiction counts from the county total. Table C.3—Key West Demographic Summary, 2018 Demographic&Social Characteristics City of Key Monroe Florida West County Median Age 40.6 47.3 41.9 %of Population Under 5 years old 5.3 4.7 5.4 %of population Over 65 years old 15.4 21.3 19.7 %of Population Over 25 with high school diploma 92.9 91.3 88.0 %of Population Over 25 with bachelor's degree or higher 36.4 33.3 29.2 %with Disability 9.3 11.1 13.4 Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A ANNEX C: CITY OF KEY WEST Demographic&Social Characteristics City of Key Monroe Florida West County %Speak English less than "very well" 10.2 10.2 11.9 Source:US Census Bureau,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Housing Table C.4 details housing unit counts for the City of Key West as compared to the county overall. Overall, housing unit estimates decreased by 3.4 percent in Key West. The proportion of all housing units that are mobile home in Key West is just under four percent, lower than the nearly 13 percent of the County's total housing units that are mobile homes. The average household size for owner-occupied housing units is the same as the County's however for renter-occupied housing units it is lower. Median home value in Key West is 23 percent higher than that of the County. Of the vacant housing units in Key West (26.5 percent), 45 percent are vacant for seasonal or recreational use. Table C.4-Housing Statistics, Key West, 2010-2018 Housing Characteristics Monroe County Key West Housing Units(2010) 52,764 14,107 Housing Units(2018) 53,423 13,631 Housing Units Percent Change(2010-2018) 1.2% -3.4% Housing Occupancy Rate 58.0% 73.5% %of Vacant Units for Seasonal/Recreational Use 69.4% 45.2% Average Household Size(Owner-Occupied) 2.31 2.31 Average Household Size(Renter-Occupied) 2.51 2.42 %of Housing Units with no Vehicles Available 7.1% 12.1% %of Housing Units that are mobile homes 12.8% 3.6% Median Home Value $468,200 $578,100 Source: U.S.Census Bureau 2010 Decennial Census,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Economy The following tables present key economic statistics for Key West as compared to the county and the state. The City of Key West was estimated to have an unemployment rate of 2.6 percent in 2018 and 12 percent of the population was estimated to live below the poverty line. Table C.5-Economic Statistics, Key West, 2018 Demographic&Social Characteristics Key West Monroe Florida County Median Household Income $67,712 $67,023 $53,267 Per Capita Income $41,773 $43,477 $30,197 Unemployment Rate 2.6% 2.9% 6.3% %of Individuals Below Poverty Level 12% 11.8% 14.8% %Without Health Insurance 18.5% 17.8% 13.5% Source: US Census Bureau Decennial Census 2000,Decennial Census 2010;American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Table C.6 shows employment statistics for Key West compared to the county and the state average. The City has a higher share of its employed population working in the arts,entertainment, and recreation,and accommodation and food services industry as well as the public administration industry. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ANNEX C: CITY OF KEY WEST Table C.6-Key West Employment by Industry, 2018 Industry Key West Monroe Florida County Agriculture,forestry,fishing and hunting,and mining 0.8% 1.9% 1.0% Construction 6.1°% 7 8°% 7 3°% Manufacturing 1.9% 2.4% 5.1% Wholesale trade 1.9°% 2 0°% 2 7°% Retail trade 10.2% 11.7% 12.9% Transportation and warehousing,and utilities 6.3% 6.0% 5.4% Information 1.5% 1.2% 1.9% Finance and insurance,and real estate and rental and leasing 5.5°% 7 1°% 7 7°% Professional,scientific,and management,and administrative and waste management services 8.1% 9.9% 13.1% Educational services,and health care and social assistance 14.9% 14.5% 21.0% Arts,entertainment,and recreation,and accommodation and food services 29.9% 23.9% 12.2% Other services,except public administration 5.3% 4.8% 5.3% Public administration 7.5% 6.9% 4.3% Source: U.S.Census Bureau,2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates This section contains a summary of the City of Key West's asset inventory as well as hazard profile and vulnerability assessment for those hazards that are spatially defined and have variations in risk that could be evaluated quantitatively on a jurisdictional level. The hazards included in this section are: Flood, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, and Wildfire. Asset Inventory The following tables summarize the asset inventory for the City of Key West in order to estimate the total physical exposure to hazards in this area. Included is total building exposure, critical facilities, and critical infrastructure. Figure CA displays the location of critical facilities in Key West. Table C.7-Key West Building Exposure by Occupancy Occupancy Estimated Structure Value Estimated Content Total Value Parcel Count Value Key West 7,233 $3,559,316,371 $2,084,710,853 $5,644,027,224 Commercial 491 $280,732,579 $282,682,192 $563,414,771 Education 14 $84,668,594 $84,668,594 $169,337,188 Government 63 $214,444,724 $214,444,724 $428,889,448 Industrial 4 $5,532,401 $8,298,602 $13,831,003 Religious 22 $15,295,410 $15,295,410 $30,590,820 Residential 6,639 $2,958,642,663 $1,479,321,332 $4,437,963,995 Source:Monroe County Parcel Data,2020 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ANNEX C: CITY OF KEY WEST Table C.8—Critical Facilities& Infrastructure by Type c Lq o a O v T y t c y E ; to y � �= tow O d y E d H y y > to to `c+ " s t"a R Jurisdiction Q U W W W Il (D _ = C d (% City of Key West 1 15 2 1 2 1 8 1 2 1 2 1 4 3 1 6 1 5 1 51 Source:Monroe County Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al r 0 o a n o 1®1 f �1 � V - lJ �j ®SHY .r 1 '-� .•� Y G \ C 1 � \ y hh ,4 �q Itl ` Yz� f" /� ��- �� W y U � •� {� 41 uj 41 LL Y J LL f6 V C V 3 0 v° � i X N 3 W O Z a O 7 N Q 2 o ANNEX C: CITY OF KEY WEST C.3.1 Flood Table C.9 details the acreage of Key West's total area by flood zone on the effective DFIRM; it also shows a comparison to the preliminary DFIRM released in December 2019. Nearly 86 percent of Key West falls within the mapped 1%-annual-chance floodplains; this area would grow to 93.9 percent on the 2019 preliminary maps.The data in this risk assessment is based off FEMA's 2012 DFIRM. Figure C.2 reflects the effective mapped flood hazard zones for the City of Key West. Figure C.3 displays the depth of flooding estimated to occur in these areas during the 1%-annual-chance flood. Table C.9-Flood Zone Acreage in Key West Effective DFIRM(2012) Preliminary DFIRM(2019) Change from Percent of Percent of Flood Zone Acreage Total(%) Acreage Total(%) Effective(acres) AE 2,165.2 74.8% 2,578.6 89.1% 413.4 VE 313.3 10.8% 452.3 15.6% 139.0 AO 4.2 0.1% 18.6 0.6% 14.4 0.2%Annual Chance 269.6 9.3% 100.2 3.5% -169.4 Flood Hazard Unshaded X 141.9 4.9% 98.5 3.4% -43.4 Open Water 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Total 2,894.2 -- 3,248.2 -- 354.0 SFHA Total 2,482.7 85.8%-r 3,049.5 1 93.9% 566.8 Source:FEMA Effective DFIRM Note:The differences between the effective FIRM and the preliminary FIRM are significant will likely still change.These details are provided here only as a comparison-all further flood analysis is based in the 2012 Effective DFIRM. Table C.10 provides building counts and estimated damages by occupancy type for the 1%annual chance flood event. Table C.10-Key West Estimated Building Damage and Content Loss, 1%Annual Chance Flood Buildings Building and Estimated Estimated Loss Occupancy Impacted Contents Cost Building Damages Content Damages Total Damage Ratio Commercial 310 $449,963,213 $11,257,386 $31,201,719 $42,459,105 9% Educational 14 $169,337,188 $487,052 $2,674,428 $3,161,481 2% Government 63 1 $428,889,448 $14,657,587 $93,205,955 $107,863,541 25% Industrial 4 $12,223,742 $0 $0 $0 0% Religious 22 $30,590,820 $553,304 $3,748,000 $4,301,304 14% Residential 6,654 $3,075,377,306 $286,324,973 $200,336,576 $486,661,549 16% Total 7,067 $4,166,381,716 $313,280,301 $331,166,679 $644,446,980 15% Source:HAZUS Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 - y 2 ` «� w y ® � { \ \ ��, ■ . \ ° \ \ \ 3 ` k - 2 41 � ] ) j \ƒ | o \ k ) L ƒ « LU e LL - \ (/ LL \ \ . . . i \ � � ---- - ----- � �\ \ � k LU m m \ � �$ � § 7 § § t2 « \ � IQ Ali C U y � 2 Os N J : - 3 d N G � 41 o CL Q \ m d oP V N V � � Y C c Y �r W zi M � � E 3 Vf <., e - \ PM au c W a W j a m Y O LL -.. 0 J f" O w r it V C 61 w 3 X w v3 W Z Z cO c3 NO ANNEX C: CITY OF KEY WEST C.3.2 Sea Level Rise Table C.11 details the number of parcels affected by 1, 2, and 3 feet of sea level rise in the City of Key West. In total,over 51 percent of all parcels in Key West will be impacted by 3 feet of sea level rise. Figure CA displays 1, 2, and 3 feet of sea level rise and highlights affected parcels. Table C.11—Parcels Affected by Sea Level Rise, Key West Parcels Affected by Sea Level %of Parcels Occupancy Estimated Parcel Count(total) Rise Impacted by 3 1 Ft 2 Ft 3 Ft ft SLR Key West 7,233 34 1,316 3,773 52.2% Commercial 491 6 137 300 61.1% Education 14 0 4 9 64.3% Government 63 0 9 24 38.1% Industrial 4 0 0 1 25.0% Religious 1 22 1 2 7 15 1 68.2% Residential 6,639 26 1,159 3,424 Source:Monroe County Parcel Data,2020 Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 a a a u N a m rn c y `m v a�i a�i °: p o, a d J J J - V 0 f � v v N N A. N J V N VI N .� � C �✓1 I � I I _ ' k 1 IT 19 � m v m e 00 CP `c In Q x y •.', 'e4'fi i LL 1 t o 2 = LLI @ C Y { @ O LPL 0 Y15 LL � o o V O O U i 3 W \ N 3 O ? Z c ++ o Z O 3 Q V) � � ( ANNEX C: CITY OF KEY WEST C.3.3 Storm Surge Table C.12 summarizes the number of parcels in Key West that will be impacted by storm surge resulting from all categories of hurricane. Parcels are counted only once for the lowest category storm they will be affected by;it can be assumed that a parcel affected by storm surge associated with a Category 1 hurricane is also impacted by a Category 2 storm surge. In Key West,41 percent of all parcels will be impacted by a storm surge associated with a category 1 hurricane; an additional 53 percent would be impacted by a category 2 storm surge. Figure C.5 displays storm surge inundations for all categories overlaid with impacted parcels. Table C.12-Storm Surge Impacts by Hurricane Category, Key West Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Occupancy Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Total Total Total Total Total Commercial 249 50.7% 217 44.2% 3 0.6% 1 0.2% 0 0.0% Education 9 64.3% 2 14.3% 8 57.1% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Government 14 1 22.2% 39 61.9% 1 1 1.6% 1 0 0.0% 0 1 0.0% Industrial 1 25.0% 2 50.0% 1 25.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Religious 14 63.6% 7 31.8% 325 1477.3% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Residential 2,693 40.6% 3,589 54.1% 259 3.9% 5 0.1% 6 0.1% Total 1 2,980 41.2% 1 3,856 53.3% 597 8.3% 6 0.1% 6 0.1% Source:NOAA SLOSH Data,Monroe County Parcels,2020 Note:Percent of total based off total parcel from asset inventory. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ® r ¢ U f f Q? - m JA v w •\ 'Ir..�,r..- ,•_'��',� � ICI 41 CJ ' J W � Y O 'ilk te Ln tw lot .� T NI Eli uj c W � � O mot: .@-• i J O 3 X Z 0 3 W Z u C r- O Z cO c3 Q 10, C C NO ANNEX C: CITY OF KEY WEST C.3.4 Wildfire Figure C.6 depicts the WUI for Key West.The WUI is the area where housing development is built near or among areas of vegetation that may be prone to wildfire. Figure C.7 depicts Burn Probability based on landscape conditions, percentile weather, historical ignition patterns, and historical prevention and suppression efforts. Fire Intensity Scale,which indicates the potential severity of fire based on fuel loads, topography, and other factors, is depicted in Figure C.8 WUI areas are focused along the outer edges of the City,with the central, downtown area being excluded from the WUI. Where there is a rating for burn probability, mainly in southern and eastern Key West, it is low; otherwise, much of the city is without a burn probability rating. There are pockets of moderate characteristic fire intensity, especially on Stock Island, but a large swath of the City is not rated on the characteristic fire intensity scale. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Ad - . 4 / , - �& z � � � ! \ , \ � 2 � 9 � � \ / 7 I , 2 ] ; \ � ƒ | � � § k k k � � 2 - 41 k \ ) - LL } _ } } —-- t} ■a :`m § uj O © - � F- \ �2 , � § § § t2 � � y gady m , \ k - tp ! k & ! x � - � »yy \ « , . / \ § \ ~ ,a , \ � � o § � � ) _ � \ \ i } —-- t \ ■a :`® § } ] !{J © \ \ ( ; § } � o - � � u L hi § § § t2 « \ 2 2 Q z - , - � - » 2 f . ' �I - � a� � � \ \ � 7 : . Z \ � \ V �> \ ` - r : f _�� } | 1 �: � 2 ' , ■. : - 00 ��_&�_\ ------- --------- z \ ■a :\® § � k LLI � ` 7 o ® - � � , u L § § § t2 « \ Q ANNEX C: CITY OF KEY WEST C.4.1 Comprehensive Plan and Land Use Key West is essentially fully built out, with a mix of single family residences, multi-family dwellings, time- share and season units, tourist lodgings, tourist-oriented uses, marine-related recreational uses, commercial uses, medical facilities and offices,and government uses. Redevelopment and renovation are frequent occurrences. The 2013 Key West Comprehensive Plan was an update to the 2008 Conformed Version that succeeded the 1993 Plan and six subsequent amendments. The plan incorporates the maximum amount of dwelling units per acre and floor area ration established as of January 1, 2012. Key West recognizes that hazards assessed in the LMS (Section 4) throughout the 2013 plan. The overarching theme of the City's plan is to protect and maintain its natural, historic, and cultural resources, preserve its community character and quality of life, ensure public safety, and direct development and redevelopment in an appropriate manner. To adhere to these overarching guiding principles, the plan is comprised of goals, objectives, and policies in nine major elements; mitigation is encompassed in multiple elements such as future land use, coastal management, conservation, and recreation and open space. Residential will continue to be the dominant land use in the County, however the Future Land Use Map (Figure C.9) highlights the City's emphasis on historic preservation and natural space conservation. The following is a selection of objectives contained in the plan that directly address hazard mitigation: Objective 1-1.7: Implement water supply planning in accordance with state growth management requirements. Objective 1-1.11: Protection of Natural Resources Objective 1-1.12: Consider application of innovative land and water resource management, climate adaptation, and energy conservation concepts Objective 1-1.16: Managing building permit allocation Objective 1A-1,5: Historic Preservation in Coastal High-Hazard Area Objective 2-1.7:Transportation and Hurricane Evacuation Objective 4-3.1: Protect Natural Drainage Features Objective 5-1.1: Protect coastal resources,wetlands, estuarine salt pond environmental quality, living marine resources, and wildlife habitats. Objective 5-1.3: Land use controls and construction standards for protecting the natural shoreline and the very limited beach/dune system Objective 5-1.5:Avoid population concentrations in coastal high-hazard areas Objective 5-1.6: Hurricane evacuation Objective 5-1.7: Post-disaster redevelopment Objective 5-1.13: Planning for resiliency and adaptation in coastal areas Objective 6-1.3: Maintenance of Floodplain Objective 6-1.4: Protect and preserve wetlands Objective 6-1.15: Planning for resiliency and adaptation in natural areas Objective 9-1.2: Limitation on public investments in the coastal high hazard area The following table summarizes building permits issued in 2017, 2018, and 2019: Table C.13—Key West Building Permit Statistics(2017-2019) Type of Development CY 2017 CY 2018 CY 2019 New single Family 26 25 15 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Ad ANNEX C: CITY OF KEY WEST Type of Development CY 2017 CY 2018 CY 2019 New Other(commercial, industrial, religious,etc.) 3 16 10 New Multi-Family(2 or more) 9 12 3 Commercial (additions, renovation,conversion) 0 0 4 Residential (additions,renovation,conversions) 2 6 12 Other 2,139 2,106 2,164 Demolition 36 60 11 Relocation 0 0 0 Manufactured home(permanent,temporary) 0 9 0 Source:Local Mitigation Strategy Data Collection Guide Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Al W Z ��N r a Q W r N M N� Z J W r w � J " L1 m *' O LL M 41 N uO z° � T o Y L LU � N C� O °i W v o LL LL r Q h r � T cu Of v OA N � r i u H o J F- 'c d w LL � ++ y W C N a) (n R d -00 E m a v Lo o N a) o a m Q tp Y K U U N m `m a 'O G LL C f6 u U u a) �, R i 'i J O _O O J 30 �Q o LL } C y J S 2 U` 2 IL S U '^ O 3 F— _rn v � O V Of v c u v 3 o 3: O y� X Y G/ 3 yU O ? Z L c ++ o Z CO C7 N Q vO C C [V4 ANNEX C: CITY OF KEY WEST C.4.2 Floodplain Management The City of Key West joined the NFIP emergency program in 1970 and has been a regular participant in the NFIP since September 1971. The City is a participant in the Community Rating System and is a Class 5 community. The following tables reflect NFIP policy and claims data for the City categorized by structure type, flood zone, Pre-FIRM and Post-FIRM. Table C.14—NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Structure Type Number of Insurance in Number of Closed Total of Closed Structure Type policies in Force Total Premium Force Paid Losses Paid Losses Single Family 4,046 $5,929,280 $1,098,052,600 3,592 $123,412,107.46 2-4 Family 910 $1,209,847 $221,299,800 483 $13,048,513.43 All Other Residential 2,256 $882,585 $439,511,800 309 $6,621,326.31 Non Residential 704 $4,110,464 $330,909,500 967 $46,774,016.29 Total 7,916 $12,132,176 $2,089,773,700 5,351 $189,855,963.49 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table C.15—NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Flood Zone Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Force Losses Paid Losses A01-30& AE Zones 6,512 $10,771,610 $1,673,641,200 4,928 $183,918,349.10 A Zones 13 $7,800 $923,000 1 $0.00 AO Zones 4 $4,349 $686,100 2 $62,309.50 V01-30&VE Zones 37 $620,741 $16,110,700 155 $4,429,527.81 B,C& XZone Standard 366 $217,129 $53,625,700 188 $1,196,953.88 Preferred 980 $508,314 $344,224,000 78 $285,667.23 Total 7,912 $12,129,943 $2,089,210,700 5,352 $189,892,807.52 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table C.16—NFIP Policy and Claims Data Pre-FIRM Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Force Losses Paid Losses A01-30& AE Zones 3,417 $8,570,243 $876,955,500 4,076 $169,444,589.73 A Zones 13 $7,800 $923,000 1 $0.00 AO Zones 2 $1,961 $320,300 2 $62,309.50 V01-30&VE Zones 15 $388,337 $7,468,600 78 $3,174,770.21 B,C& X Zone 730 $407,973 $246,231,900 185 $1,346,022.45 Standard 77 $55,284 $13,567,900 125 $1,119,608.17 Preferred 653 $352,689 $232,664,000 61 $263,258.31 Total 4,177 $9,376,314 $1,131,899,300 4,342 $174,027,691.89 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table C.17—NFIP Policy and Claims Data Post-FIRM Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Paid Losses Force Losses A01-30& AE Zones 3,095 $2,201,367 $796,685,700 852 $14,473,759.37 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA ANNEX C: CITY OF KEY WEST Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Paid Losses Force Losses AO Zones 2 $2,388 $365,800 0 $0.00 V01-30&VE Zones 22 $232,404 $8,642,100 77 $1,254,757.60 B,C& X Zone 616 $317,470 $151,617,800 80 $99,754.63 Standard 289 $161,845 $40,057,800 63 $77,345.71 Preferred 327 $155,625 $111,560,000 17 $22,408.92 Total 3,735 $2,753,629 $957,311,400 1,009 $15,828,271.60 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Continued NFIP Compliance The City entered the NFIP in 1971 by adoption of an ordinance that complies with the requirement of the program. The ordinance has been revised several times, including in 2013 when the City replaced the ordinance with a code-coordinated ordinance as part of a statewide effort to coordinate local ordinances with the flood provisions of the Florida Building Code.To continue compliance with the NFIP,the City will: Enforce the adopted floodplain management ordinance, including reviewing all development proposals in the SFHA and enforcing the requirements of the ordinance, and inspecting both permitted development and unpermitted activities; Maintain records pertaining to floodplain development, including flood maps and Letters of Map Change, which shall be available for public inspection; Notify the public when there are proposed changes to the ordinance or FIRMS; Implement activities recognized by the NFIPs CRS including brochure publication and distribution and annual mailers; Promote the purchase of NFIP flood insurance policies as financial protection; Maintain a consolidated GIS database for monitoring floodplain related permitting reviews; City Floodplain Administrator has a seat on the City's Development Review Committee, is an integral plan reviewer for all floodplain related permit applications and is in the variance pre- review network required of all applications within the SFHA; and Continuing to implement higher regulatory standards including, but not limited to, multi-phase elevation certifications, minimum 12-inch elevation of the first finished floor outside the SFHA, and a five-year substantial improvement cumulative period of calculations. 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M. / `{) �¥! « \ � \\ \ \\ 0 \ { - _ � � 0 > - j a ) u e o t ) f \ \ \ » \ � v _ v \ [ \ ) \ « « « « « E) 0 7 § ANNEX D: CITY OF LAYTON City of Layton PROCESSD.1 PLANNING " The table below lists the HMPC members who represented the City of Layton. Table D.1-HMPC Members Representative Agency Mimi Young City Clerk&Administrative Assistant, Building Department Skip Haring Planning Director,Administrative Assistant to Mayor COMMUNITY "PROFILE Geography The City of Layton is located in the middle Florida Keys on Long Key. US Highway 1 passes directly through the City. Layton comprises a total area of 0.16 square miles. Population and Demographics Table D.2 provides population counts and population change estimates for the City of Layton as compared to the county overall. Based on the 2018 American Community Survey, it is estimated that Layton has lost over 28 percent of its population since 2010. Table D.3 further details important demographic and social characteristics for the City as compared to the County overall and the State of Florida. The population of the City of Layton is older than both the County and State with a median age of 63 years; none of the City's population is under 5 years of age while over 48 percent is older than 65. Table D.2-Population Counts,Layton,2010-2018 2000 Census 2010 Census 2018 ACS Total Change %Change Jurisdiction Population Population Population 2010-2018 2010-2018 Estimate City of Layton 186 184 132 -52 -28.3% Monroe County Total 79,589 73,090 76,325 3,235 4.4% Source: US Census Bureau Decennial Census 2000,Decennial Census 2010;American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Note:Due to Layton's small size,population estimates from the ACS could be undercounted;other sources for the same year report population as high as 186. Table D.3-Layton Demographic Summary, 2018 Demographic&Social Characteristics City of Layton Monroe Florida County Median Age 63 47.3 41.9 %of Population Under 5 years old 0.0 4.7 5.4 %of population Over 65 years old 48.5 21.3 19.7 %of Population Over 25 with high school diploma 96.7 91.3 88.0 %of Population Over 25 with bachelor's degree or higher 18.9 33.3 29.2 %with Disability 14.4 11.1 13.4 %Speak English less than "very well" 9.1 10.2 11.9 Source:US Census Bureau,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 " ANNEX D: CITY OF LAYTON Housing Table DA details housing unit counts for the City of Layton as compared to the county overall. Overall, housing unit estimates decreased by 1.6 percent in Layton, a net loss of 3 housing units. Although nearly 13 percent of the County's housing units are classified as mobile homes, however none of these units are located within the Layton city limits. The average household size for both owner- and renter-occupied housing units is lower than the County's. Median home value in Layton is 21 percent lower than that of the County, but 86 percent higher than the States. Of the vacant housing units in Layton (58.6 percent), 76 percent are vacant for seasonal or recreational use. Table D.4-Housing Statistics, Layton, 2010-2018 Housing Characteristics Monroe County Layton Housing Units(2010) 52,764 184 Housing Units(2018) 53,423 181 Housing Units Percent Change(2010-2018) 1.2% -1.6% Housing Occupancy Rate 58.0% 41.4% %of Vacant Units for Seasonal/Recreational Use 69.4% 75.7% Average Household Size(Owner-Occupied) 2.31 1.58 Average Household Size(Renter-Occupied) 2.51 2.07 %of Housing Units with no Vehicles Available 7.1% 5.3% %of Housing Units that are mobile homes 12.8% 0.0% Median Home Value $468,200 $367,700 Source: U.S.Census Bureau 2010 Decennial Census,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Economy The following tables present key economic statistics for Layton as compared to the county and the state. The City of Layton was estimated to have an unemployment rate of zero percent in 2018. None of the population was reported to live below the poverty line. Table D.5-Economic Statistics, Layton, 2018 Demographic&Social Characteristics Layton Monroe Florida County Median Household Income $48,750 $67,023 $53,267 Per Capita Income $36,696 $43,477 $30,197 Unemployment Rate 0.0% 2.9% 6.3% %of Individuals Below Poverty Level 0% 11.8% 14.8% %Without Health Insurance 8.3% 17.8% 13.5% Source: US Census Bureau Decennial Census 2000,Decennial Census 2010;American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Table D.6 shows employment statistics for Layton compared to the county and the state average.The City has a higher share of its employed population working in the arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services industry as well as the retail trade industry. Table D.6-Layton Employment by Industry, 2018 Industry Layton Monroe Florida County Agriculture,forestry,fishing and hunting,and mining 1.2% 1.9% 1.0% Construction 9.5% 7 8% 7 3% Manufacturing 0.0% 2.4% 5.1% Wholesale trade 0.0% 2 0% 2 7% Retail trade 13.1% 11.7% 12.9% Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ANNEX D: CITY OF LAYTON Industry Layton Monroe Florida County Transportation and warehousing,and utilities 4.8% 6.0% 5.4% Information 0.0% 1.2% 1.9% Finance and insurance,and real estate and rental and leasing 11.9°% 7 1°% 7 7°% Professional,scientific,and management,and administrative and waste management services 3.6% 9.9% 13.1% Educational services,and health care and social assistance 3.6% 14.5% 21.0% Arts,entertainment,and recreation,and accommodation and food services 42.9% 23.9% 12.2% Other services,except public administration 0.0% 4.8% 5.3% Public administration 9.5% 6.9% 4.3% Source: U.S.Census Bureau,2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates This section contains a summary of the City of Layton's asset inventory as well as hazard profile and vulnerability assessment for those hazards that are spatially defined and have variations in risk that could be evaluated quantitatively on a jurisdictional level. The hazards included in this section are: Flood, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, and Wildfire. Asset Inventory The following tables summarize the asset inventory for the City of Layton in order to estimate the total physical exposure to hazards in this area. Included is total building exposure, critical facilities, and critical infrastructure. Figure D.1 displays the location of critical facilities in Layton. Table D.7—Layton Building Exposure by Occupancy Occupancy Estimated Structure Value Estimated Content Total Value Parcel Count Value Layton 153 $36,107,136 $19,623,111 $55,730,247 Commercial 4 $1,249,538 $1,249,538 $2,499,076 Education 0 $0 $0 $0 Government 4 $1,491,996 $1,491,996 $2,983,992 Industrial 0 $0 $0 $0 Religious 2 $397,551 $397,551 $795,102 Residential 143 $32,968,051 $16,484,026 $49,452,077 Source:Monroe County Parcel Data,2020 Table D.8—Critical Facilities& Infrastructure by Type c tA O a O c c E T 2 E i t r i C y i :2 E H ai a> > vQi r v O v*'i r Jurisdiction Q U W W W it City of Layton 1* 1 2 Source:Monroe County *The Layton Fire Station,operated by Monroe County Fire Rescue,also hosts a full EMS and ALS. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 2 0' M v`�i4 w O N U O � `\ O / " m w` V W 1 T l J � \ LT V LL ` D l6 \ ±+ C U i � C \\ \ \ D 3 \ o LL R o \ Eg M au to zy ,t � T N � Y Z =o ca J \ M 0,LL L 1 0 .2 f6 F LL j O O3 Q 0 v° � i X N 3 yLI O ? Z c i- o O 3 N Q 22O ANNEX D: CITY OF LAYTON D.3.1 Flood Table D.9 details the acreage of Layton's total area by flood zone on the effective DFIRM; it also shows a comparison to the preliminary DFIRM released in December 2019. 100 percent of Layton falls within the mapped 1%-annual-chance floodplains; this would remain the same on the 2019 preliminary maps. The data in this risk assessment is based off FEMA's 2012 DFIRM. Figure D.2 reflects the effective mapped flood hazard zones for Layton. Figure D.3 displays the depth of flooding estimated to occur in these areas during the 1%-annual-chance flood. Table D.9-Flood Zone Acreage in Layton Effective DFIRM(2012) Preliminary DFIRM(2019) Change from Percent of Percent of Flood Zone Acreage Total(%) Acreage Total(%) Effective(acres) AE 123.2 86.0% 114.6 80.0% -8.6 VE 20.0 14.0% 28.6 20.0% 8.6 AO 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.2%Annual Chance 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Flood Hazard Unshaded X 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Open Water 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Total 143.2 -- 143.2 -- 0.0 SFHA Total 143.2 100.0% 143.2 100.0% 0.0 Source:FEMA Effective DFIRM Note:The differences between the effective FIRM and the preliminary FIRM are significant will likely still change.These details are provided here only as a comparison-all further flood analysis is based in the 2012 Effective DFIRM. Table D.10 provides building counts and estimated damages by occupancy type for the 1%annual chance flood event. Table D.10-Layton Estimated Building Damage and Content Loss, 1%Annual Chance Flood Buildings Building and Estimated Estimated Loss Occupancy Impacted Contents Cost Building Damages Content Damages Total Damage Ratio Commercial 4 $2,499,076 $153,161 $375,505 $528,666 21% Educational 2 $948,020 $14,852 $121,247 $136,099 14% Government 4 $2,983,992 $393,021 $1,262,947 $1,655,969 55% Industrial 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0% Religious 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0% Residential 143 $49,452,077 $4,580,751 $2,729,405 $7,310,156 15% Total 153 $55,883,165 $5,141,785 $4,489,105 $9,630,890 17% Source:HAZUS Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 M - £ N 4 � o o O t v J 41 N GJ Ulu Q J Q � N G � = Q m y Q J Q ILL aW m ILL A � J E ILL. 6 � o z f`} S v T � N •m Z =1- to Y C r u O C ILL LL i J 0 mid 0 (� p CA w 3 CA p X w W 0 3 Z u C +' O Z cO c3 rq Q Ln C C r'j , ( _ 1Z } ^ \ - 41 CL ° ) °�d S \ \ ■■ �\ } t ! _ § � % z u \ k \ 2 U. S ®� ] �u \ | »y a C \ $ w 0 (/ I 2) m : � 2 . � > LL \ - §! ?f\ to 0 2 O � \ � e 9 z c Q Q ANNEX D: CITY OF LAYTON D.3.2 Sea Level Rise Table D.11 details the number of parcels affected by 1, 2, and 3 feet of sea level rise in the City of Layton. In total, over 61 percent of all parcels in Layton will be impacted by 3 feet of sea level rise. Figure DA displays 1, 2, and 3 feet of sea level rise and highlights affected parcels. Table D.11—Parcels Affected by Sea Level Rise, Layton Parcels Affected by Sea Level %of Parcels Occupancy Estimated Parcel Count(total) Rise Impacted by 3 1 Ft 2 Ft 3 Ft ft SLR Layton 153 1 18 94 61.4% Commercial 4 0 1 1 25.0% Education 0 0 0 0 -- Government 4 1 2 2 50.0% Industrial 0 0 0 0 Religious 1 2 1 0 1 2 1 100.0% Residential 143 0 14 89 Source:Monroe County Parcel Data,2020 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 u N a m c y p o, a II II V 0 fl. f J V N VI N .� � C �✓1 4 ry m yn�7 yy��'��nU7 8 o 0 m ova N y m� ° o o v� o ■ 0 ^ m ti F-r 96 v ■ 96■ ■ 1 0 oc ■ ■ \ . ` O ^ C O � 1 i i fi■1111 L 4 LL \ \ � Y C Pm aum z O j Y ` N n Z yy =o°' O ,� S 1 @ Y H � @ Q Q ■\, � S U � V J ■\� a � J LL _ � C O C tJ V O 7 W 3 O ? Z c ++ o Z O 3 Q ANNEX D: CITY OF LAYTON D.3.3 Storm Surge Table D.12 summarizes the number of parcels in Layton that will be impacted by storm surge resulting from all categories of hurricane. Parcels are counted only once for the lowest category storm they will be affected by;it can be assumed that a parcel affected by storm surge associated with a Category 1 hurricane is also impacted by a Category 2 storm surge. In Layton, 50 percent of all parcels will be impacted by a storm surge associated with a category 1 hurricane; an additional 41.8 percent would be impacted by a category 2 storm surge. Figure D.5 displays storm surge inundations for all categories overlaid with impacted parcels. Table D.12—Storm Surge Impacts by Hurricane Category, Layton Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Occupancy Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Total Total Total Total Total Commercial 2 50.0% 2 50.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Education 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- Government 1 1 25.0% 2 50.0% 1 0 0.0% 0 1 0.0% 0 1 0.0% Industrial 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- Religious 2 100.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Residential 72 50.3% 60 42.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Total 1 77 1 50.3% 1 64 41.8% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Source:NOAA SLOSH Data,Monroe County Parcels,2020 Note:Percent of total based off total parcel from asset inventory. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 �. H, Fp R p J d ¢ U ` yn� r''6 7 5I 'Y ? N 4 � O N U N � O O O � m V O 41 V i Q ' J 41 41 W 'V■/� .. A O �■ � m u c 3 11111111■1111�►_ `n '� 111111111 1 111 Moog 1111111 ■■ 41 ^- `n �1111■1 NEW E o �'�., \II■111111111� =v v L LL T •� vim' pp S a� 0 8 3 U to r � O J � Q LL @ O 0 LL (� p3 a v i X Z 0 3 LLJ O ? Z Z O 3 Q Ln 2 2 NO ANNEX D: CITY OF LAYTON D.3.4 Wildfire Figure D.6 depicts the WUI for Layton. The WUI is the area where housing development is built near or among areas of vegetation that may be prone to wildfire. Figure D.7 depicts Burn Probability based on landscape conditions, percentile weather, historical ignition patterns, and historical prevention and suppression efforts. Fire Intensity Scale, which indicates the potential severity of fire based on fuel loads, topography, and other factors, is depicted in Figure D.B. Almost all of the City of Layton is within the WUI. Where there is a rating for burn probability, mainly in the northern and southern corners of the City, it is low; otherwise, much of the city is without a burn probability rating.There are small areas of higher characteristic fire intensity, but a large swath of the City is not rated on the characteristic fire intensity scale. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA � , (} ({} ��• � � - � R ! \ \ 4 , ) § � g � f ~«y 2 } \ ~ ) / 0 . � ] 0 2 § ) 3 � }S \- \ �a �ƒ (§} § 2 \) } � O - � � LL � � 2 � 0 � v CA L § § \ § tQ « a Q Z �.. 0 cm;»' r �a W 0 m o � o v � o 0 ^ m V W Q J ` — w (0 . O O O � \ O }t V O a c d i C L W ` J \ V\\ � o LL R o `\ E g m zy \` 4 d C Q N au la3� n � 110 v C N a LL OLL • co � ` 0 O � T X 7 W 3 0 , Z u C +' O Z O 7 rq - � ( \ 4 « \ \ \ �\ 1 ) 0 a c 00 L ■7 (:\ § 2 )) \\( E k } O END �- m � 0 \ �2 2 0 � o v � § § \ § tQ « 0 2 2 Q ANNEX D: CITY OF LAYTON D.4.1 Comprehensive Plan and Land Use Layton's development is primarily single-family residences located along canals and small businesses such as restaurants and convenience stores. The City is predominantly built out — with few buildable lots available for residential development. The City's comprehensive plan estimates approximately 7% of vacant lands in the City are available for development. Moreover,the City is only allowed three residential permits per year under the ROGO. The City's comprehensive plan was amended in 2015; according to this plan, the pattern of residential development in the past has been largely limited to single family homes along with commercial development along the Overseas Highways.This pattern is expected to continue in the future.There is an approximately 50-acre tract in the southeast quadrant of the City that is owned by the City of Layton where development will be restricted in perpetuity for conservation purposes. The following table summarizes building permits issued in 2017, 2018, and 2019: Table D.13—Layton Building Permit Statistics(2017-2019) Type of Development CY 2017 CY 2018 CY 2019 New single Family 1 1 2 New Other(commercial, industrial, religious,etc.) 1 0 0 New Multi-Family(2 or more) 0 0 0 Commercial (additions, renovation,conversion) 0 0 0 Residential (additions,renovation,conversions) 0 1 2 Other 1 fire garage 0 0 Demolition 2 1 1 Relocation 0 0 0 Manufactured home(permanent,temporary) n/a n/a n/a Source:Local Mitigation Strategy Data Collection Guide D.4.2 Floodplain Management The City of Layton joined the NFIP emergency program in July 1971 and has been a regular participant since. The City is a participant in the Community Rating System and is a Class 6 community. The following tables reflect NFIP policy and claims data for the City categorized by structure type, flood zone, Pre-FIRM and Post-FIRM. Table D.14—NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Structure Type Number of Insurance in Number of Closed Total of Closed Structure Type Policies in Force Total Premium Force Paid Losses Paid Losses Single Family 79 $78,263 $18,977,400 69 $1,780,963.67 2-4 Family 7 $5,838 $1,627,200 5 $330,795.82 All Other Residential 1 $1,566 $500,000 0 $0.00 Non Residential 13 $65,069 $6,586,500 14 $1,568,618.52 Total 100 $150,736 $27,691,100 88 $3,680,378.01 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ANNEX D: CITY OF LAYTON Table D.15—NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Flood Zone Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Paid Losses Force Losses A01-30& AE Zones 100 $150,736 $27,691,100 87 $3,680,378.01 V01-30&VE Zones 0 $0 $0 1 $0.00 B,C& XZone Standard 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Preferred 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Total 100 $150,736 $27,691,100 88 $3,680,378.01 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table D.16—NFIP Policy and Claims Data Pre-FIRM Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Force Losses Paid Losses A01-30& AE Zones 34 $114,180 $7,993,500 56 $3,314,452.11 V01-30&VE Zones 0 $0 $0 1 $0.00 B,C& X Zone 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Standard 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Preferred 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Total 34 $114,180 $7,993,500 57 $3,314,452.11 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table D.17—NFIP Policy and Claims Data Post-FIRM Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Force Losses Paid Losses A01-30& AE Zones 66 $36,556 $19,697,600 31 $365,925.90 B,C& X Zone 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Standard 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Preferred 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Total 66 $36,556 $19,697,600 31 $365,925.90 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Continued NFIP Compliance The City entered the NFIP in 1971 by adoption of an ordinance that complies with the requirement of the program. Since 2015, the City has discovered and removed 12 non-conforming post-FIRM downstairs enclosures converted to dwelling units. To continue compliance with the NFIP, the City will: Enforce the adopted floodplain management ordinance, including reviewing all development proposals in the SFHA and enforcing the requirements of the ordinance, and inspecting both permitted development and unpermitted activities; Maintain records pertaining to floodplain development, including flood maps and Letters of Map Change, which shall be available for public inspection; Notify the public when there are proposed changes to the ordinance or FIRMS; Maintain a 3'freeboard requirement; Implement activities recognized by the NFIPs CRS; and Promote the purchase of NFIP flood insurance policies as financial protection. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA C O N m C C U C > > � Y � -� o r Y vLL . 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E o ° L `2 E o ° L `12 E o 0 E o 3 o a o o c o c o o o o o o > Zj v � m Z C R m v v v v v v �•;-, p cc o - _ r } 2 ®_ [ ; § \ 2 \ Eaf { � § » (! {; 2 � : [ & � - = 2 -7 § § f }/ ! ® fo ) � � . ® � E ; = ; fa .f 2 ± { 2 [ I &! = Eaif \ » � �f {\ / :! 2 ) # fr : ~ ;7E � [ a : r = I ; m= : =27; « 7E § f) ) G { f ® (\ = 0 ®f § e / ) 7 &{ § ! f (f\!) ! « {7ƒ {\ \ ! { \ {{ kk / fef/ w 0 : P = � 3 © : = � � - l - � # �a < � � m � � > - ao ` = am - ! m : s ± z : = = mr « = � � � - : � � u : lIB =d � a ±f« 32fy7{ » \ . 2 R� § T $ lB�; @lue2 : lB ! ! l ; zzlsla$ ee & e : e &= e4422lu &za �g� z z § ) E § \ ( ! � \ ) \ / \ a \k 2 }iJ; i , 0 ( � - Bo / \ ) ) ) # ! am w `{) �¥! « �\ ` 00 ( fit \ � \ \ \ uou \ § � % \ onOC 10 - - [ - x c - k ) [ y \-6 { ff { 4 §/ )£ : f5 ° < 2 ƒ � k \ \ §[ \ R� ) ) lul_02}} \ } / f § ) LD in \ � \ E \ \ /k ) & _ » � a /0 # ! `{) �¥! \ a \\} \ ) \0 \ 0 \ )0 Q± ) m \ § ) 3 ; [ § ) \ # ) f - Jn 19 § � % \ � o � - - [is - ANNEX E: CITY OF MARATHON City of Marathon PROCESSE.1 PLANNING The table below lists the HMPC members who represented the City of Marathon. Table E.1-HMPC Members Representative Agency George Garrett Director, Planning Department John Johnson Fire and Rescue Chief, Marathon Fire Rescue COMMUNITY "PROFILE Geography The City of Marathon is located in the lower Florida Keys. Marathon spans numerous islands, which are all connected by US 1. Located in the Straits of Florida, it is neighbored most closely by Key Colony Beach. Marathon comprises a total area of 8.45 square miles-the largest of all incorporated jurisdictions in the County. Population and Demographics Table E.2 provides population counts and population change estimates for the City of Marathon as compared to the county overall. Based on the 2018 American Community Survey, it is estimated that Marathon's population grew by over 5 percent since 2010. Table E.3 further details important demographic and social characteristics for the City as compared to the County overall and the State of Florida. The age breakdown in the City of Marathon is similar to that of the County overall. The City does have a larger percent of its population that speaks English less than "very well." Table E.2-Population Counts, Marathon,2010-2018 2000 Census 2010 Census 2018 ACS Total Change %Change Jurisdiction Population Population Population 2010-2018 2010-2018 Estimate City of Marathon 10,255 8,297 8,737 440 5.3% Monroe County Total 79,589 73,090 76,325 3,235 4.4% Source: US Census Bureau Decennial Census 2000,Decennial Census 2010;American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Note:Unincorporated areas statistics calculated by subtracting jurisdiction counts from the county total. Table E.3-Islamorada Demographic Summary, 2018 Demographic&Social Characteristics City of Monroe Florida Marathon County Median Age 47.4 47.3 41.9 %of Population Under 5 years old 4.9 4.7 5.4 %of population Over 65 years old 22.0 21.3 19.7 %of Population Over 25 with high school diploma 89.7 91.3 88.0 %of Population Over 25 with bachelor's degree or higher 25.9 33.3 29.2 %with Disability 11.2 11.1 13.4 %Speak English less than "very well" 16.3 10.2 11.9 Source:US Census Bureau,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ANNEX E: CITY OF MARATHON Housing Table EA details housing unit counts for the City of Marathon as compared to the county overall. Overall, housing unit estimates decreased by 4.3 percent in Marathon. Over 16 percent of all housing units in the city are classified as mobile homes, a larger percentage than the county (12.8 percent). The average household size for owner-occupied housing is lower than that of the county;for renter-occupied housing, it is the same. Median home value in Marathon is 17 percent lower than that of the County, but 98 percent higher than the States. Of the vacant housing units in Marathon (39 percent), 60 percent are vacant for seasonal or recreational use. Table E.4-Housing Statistics, Marathon, 2010-2018 Housing Characteristics Monroe County Marathon Housing Units(2010) 52,764 6,187 Housing Units(2018) 53,423 5,919 Housing Units Percent Change(2010-2018) 1.2% -4.3% Housing Occupancy Rate 58.0% 60.9% %of Vacant Units for Seasonal/Recreational Use 69.4% 60.4% Average Household Size(Owner-Occupied) 2.31 2.2 Average Household Size(Renter-Occupied) 2.51 2.51 %of Housing Units with no Vehicles Available 7.1% 8.6% %of Housing Units that are mobile homes 12.8% 16.2% Median Home Value $468,200 $389,300 Source: U.S.Census Bureau 2010 Decennial Census,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Economy The following tables present key economic statistics for Marathon as compared to the county and the state. The City of Marathon was estimated to have an unemployment rate of 3.1 percent in 2018, higher than the County's but lower than the States; 14.3 percent of the population was reported to be living below the poverty line. Table E.5-Economic Statistics, Marathon, 2018 Demographic&Social Characteristics Marathon Monroe Florida County Median Household Income $53,866 $67,023 $53,267 Per Capita Income $37,568 $43,477 $30,197 Unemployment Rate 3.1% 2.9% 6.3% %of Individuals Below Poverty Level 14.3% 11.8% 14.8% %Without Health Insurance 22.5% 17.8% 13.5% Source: US Census Bureau Decennial Census 2000,Decennial Census 2010;American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Table E.6 shows employment statistics for Marathon compared to the county and the state average. The City has a higher share of its employed population working in the retail trade industry, but a lower share in the arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services industry. Table E.6-Marathon Employment by Industry, 2018 Industry Marathon Monroe Florida County Agriculture,forestry,fishing and hunting,and mining 4.8% 1.9% 1.0% Construction 10.3% 7 8% 7 3% Manufacturing 1.5% 2.4% 5.1% Wholesale trade 2.3% 2 0% 2 7% Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA ANNEX E: CITY OF MARATHON Industry Marathon Monroe Florida County Retail trade 14.9% 11.7% 12.9% Transportation and warehousing,and utilities 3.7% 6.0% 5.4% Information 1.9% 1.2% 1.9% Finance and insurance,and real estate and rental and leasing 7.9°% 7 1°% 7 7°% Professional,scientific,and management,and administrative and waste management services 11.1% 9.9% 13.1% Educational services,and health care and social assistance 11.3% 14.5% 21.0% Arts,entertainment,and recreation,and accommodation and food services 18.5% 23.9% 12.2% Other services,except public administration 6.9% 4.8% 5.3% Public administration 4.8% 6.9% 4.3% Source: U.S.Census Bureau,2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates This section contains a summary of the City of Marathon's asset inventory as well as hazard profile and vulnerability assessment for those hazards that are spatially defined and have variations in risk that could be evaluated quantitatively on a jurisdictional level. The hazards included in this section are: Flood, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, and Wildfire. Asset Inventory The following tables summarize the asset inventory for the City of Marathon in order to estimate the total physical exposure to hazards in this area. Included is total building exposure, critical facilities, and critical infrastructure. Figure E.1 displays the location of critical facilities in Marathon. Table E.7—Marathon Building Exposure by Occupancy Occupancy Estimated Structure Value Estimated Content Total Value Parcel Count Value Marathon 5,477 $1,570,098,686 $933,482,095 $2,503,580,781 Commercial 514 $147,882,732 $147,882,732 $295,765,464 Education 14 $51,635,976 $51,635,976 $103,271,952 Government 38 $64,209,697 $64,209,697 $128,419,394 Industrial 43 $10,727,374 $16,091,061 $26,818,435 Religious 22 $11,682,350 $11,682,350 $23,364,700 Residential 4,846 $1,283,960,557 $641,980,279 $1,925,940,836 Source:Monroe County Parcel Data,2020 Table E.8—Critical Facilities& Infrastructure by Type c in O a O E T 2 E OA i t r i C y i Jurisdiction Q U W W W it (7 2 2 C d (% City of Marathon 1 9 1 1 1 3 10 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 35 Source:Monroe County Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 LM \ / , ` \ «� \ � § \ LLJ -°? s LL. - )\ - �� - . ■& :`® § - o « { 2 Q � o - ƒ L § z § t2 « 22Q ANNEX E: CITY OF MARATHON E.3.1 Flood Table E.9 details the acreage of Marathon's total area by flood zone on the effective DFIRM; it also shows a comparison to the preliminary DFIRM released in December 2019. 100 percent of Marathon falls within the mapped 1%-annual-chance floodplains; this would drop to 99.8 percent on the 2019 preliminary maps. The data in this risk assessment is based off FEMA's 2012 DFIRM. Figure E.2 reflects the effective mapped flood hazard zones for Marathon. Figure E.3 displays the depth of flooding estimated to occur in these areas during the 1%-annual-chance flood. Table E.9-Flood Zone Acreage in Marathon Effective DFIRM(2012) Preliminary DFIRM(2019) Change from Percent of Percent of Flood Zone Acreage Total(%) Acreage Total(%) Effective(acres) AE 5,925.7 51.8% 5,122.8 44.8% -802.9 VE 5,513.7 48.2% 6,297.3 55.0% 783.6 AO 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.2%Annual Chance 0.0 0.0% 18.4 0.2% 18.4 Flood Hazard Unshaded X 0.0 0.0% 1.3 0.0% 1.3 Open Water 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Total 11,439.4 -- 1 11,439.7 -- 1 0.3 SFHA Total 11,439.4 100.0% 11,420.1 99.8% Source:FEMA Effective DFIRM Note:The differences between the effective FIRM and the preliminary FIRM are significant will likely still change.These details are provided here only as a comparison-all further flood analysis is based in the 2012 Effective DFIRM. Table E.10 provides building counts and estimated damages by occupancy type for the 1%annual chance flood event. Table E.10-Marathon Estimated Building Damage and Content Loss, 1%Annual Chance Flood Buildings Building and Estimated Estimated Loss Occupancy Impacted Contents Cost Building Damages Content Damages Total Damage Ratio Commercial 247 $261,248,137 $3,053,759 $9,769,365 $12,823,123 5% Educational 14 $104,930,038 $455,300 $3,391,664 $3,846,964 4% Government 38 1 $128,419,394 $1,604,444 $9,883,101 $11,487,545 9% Industrial 43 $26,664,217 $560,130 $1,797,508 $2,357,638 9% Religious 22 $23,364,700 $490,239 $3,539,551 $4,029,790 17% Residential 5,090 $1,581,026,532 $182,019,887 $106,926,434 $288,946,321 18% Total 5,454 $2,125,653,018 $188,183,758 $135,307,623 $323,491,381 15% Source:HAZUS Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 . LM \\ \ & w =$ \ w � , ■ : � � ` \ ƒ / ` z § « � \ § o ƒ)] 2U ro- _ | 0 ~ � - � ° � « LLJ - e LL ^� t6 / ■& au 2 § o to « { k o 2 2 � 0 � k \ L e 9 z c Q g j k / Q LM S \ ` \ ■■ / [ ■ » \¢ : { ! \ \ CL % : ) 3 �Z 0 . E S \ 0 § k § | 2 » I ¥ £ . � \> !. • !( 0 LLJ y \ � LL , 2 \ ■& au § / . }� to « { k o ƒ L e 9 § § t2 « \ Q ANNEX E: CITY OF MARATHON E.3.2 Sea Level Rise Table E.11 details the number of parcels affected by 1, 2, and 3 feet of sea level rise in the City of Marathon. In total, over 45 percent of all parcels in Marathon will be impacted by 3 feet of sea level rise. Figure E.4 displays 1, 2, and 3 feet of sea level rise and highlights affected parcels. Table E.11—Parcels Affected by Sea Level Rise, Marathon Parcels Affected by Sea Level %of Parcels Occupancy Estimated Parcel Count(total) Rise Impacted by 3 1 Ft 2 Ft 3 Ft ft SLR Marathon 5,477 65 646 2,502 45.7% Commercial 514 12 38 259 50.4% Education 14 0 1 5 35.7% Government 38 4 5 19 50.0% Industrial 43 0 2 15 34.9% Religious 1 22 1 1 3 8 1 36.4% Residential 4,846 48 597 2,196 Source:Monroe County Parcel Data,2020 Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 lll�-; - - - LM 0 1- y Q� �o j 16 LL G�i Q a auj '�► iJ `( z 2 11 cj l„ to QNy S y o (p L;L �1 W..• �.. 1 a 'i J p .. LLI \ N 3 3 O ? Z c +ro Z O 3 Q r ANNEX E: CITY OF MARATHON E.3.3 Storm Surge Table E.12 summarizes the number of parcels in Marathon that will be impacted by storm surge resulting from all categories of hurricane. Parcels are counted only once for the lowest category storm they will be affected by;it can be assumed that a parcel affected by storm surge associated with a Category 1 hurricane is also impacted by a Category 2 storm surge. In Marathon, 27 percent of all parcels will be impacted by a storm surge associated with a category 1 hurricane; an additional 51.2 percent would be impacted by a category 2 storm surge. Figure E.5 displays storm surge inundations for all categories overlaid with impacted parcels. Table E.12-Storm Surge Impacts by Hurricane Category, Marathon Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Occupancy Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Total Total Total Total Total Commercial 245 47.7% 207 40.3% 29 5.6% 3 0.6% 2 0.4% Education 4 28.6% 10 71.4% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Government 13 1 34.2% 22 57.9% 1 2 5.3% 0 1 0.0% 0 1 0.0% Industrial 12 27.9% 29 67.4% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Religious 5 22.7% 17 77.3% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Residential 1,194 24.6% 2,521 52.0% 157 3.2% 76 1.6% 0 0.0% Total 1 1,473 26.9% 1 2806 51.2% 188 3.4% 79 1.4% 2 0.0% Source:NOAA SLOSH Data,Monroe County Parcels,2020 Note:Percent of total based off total parcel from asset inventory. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 v vv LM H, F p R p m m m m w w m m v s m m s 'o d J v v v 'c 6 } L ® m O, F � yn 5Ji\t� S 19 r - f cl �a N m ° o , a� � �✓`�` a`' � Q� All 41 �I Q d w O G O 7 m 0 O ow 1 D + � E o Ln a� /1 `� s'aci Li t6 W s m = a+ o ryes 1_ d yy np� { �6 V t � LL O ng�• ' o LL ve;' ' O r O v o � o O N LJJ a0 V 'i X \ Z 3 w /` O Z Z cO c3 r04 ANNEX E: CITY OF MARATHON E.3.4 Wildfire Figure E.6 depicts the WUI for Marathon.The WUI is the area where housing development is built near or among areas of vegetation that may be prone to wildfire. Figure E.7 depicts Burn Probability based on landscape conditions, percentile weather, historical ignition patterns, and historical prevention and suppression efforts. Fire Intensity Scale, which indicates the potential severity of fire based on fuel loads, topography, and other factors, is depicted in Figure E.B. Much of the City of Marathon is within the WUI; areas outside of the WUI include Boot Key on the far western edge of the City and Fat Deer Key, Long Point Key, and Curry Hammock State Park in the central part of Marathon. Where there is a rating for burn probability, scattered throughout the City, it is low; otherwise, much of the city is without a burn probability rating. There are small areas of higher characteristic fire intensity particularly in western Marathon, but large swaths of the City are not rated on the characteristic fire intensity scale. Areas outside of the WUI are the largest areas rated for characteristic fire intensity. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Ad g n Mks:y LM a 0 5 s v ai �+ U � L d GJ t C r ° t s 05 O�C a+ � � D � � o LLI i L ES 3 N m LL o z Q r i T R � o H O � m y a+ E 3 m Vf W U v G � LL ? v J O LL to c } T O V 3 oO X N 3 W O Z O Z cO c3 r04 » !«m> LM \ 7 { § ) ( \ \~ � ■ z /\ ` ° \ ~ j \ \ § Al _ . 2 ^ � � � \ = 20r k ) \ 0 co LLJ 2 LL. E\ ,2 e/ \ t \ ° ° z , ■& :\® § � � \ \ � ■ ::z$ 2 0 G ■ 0 s u — � § § � E � � « 0 Q LM 1 �� ; \ \ 'A 0 fau 0 o P LL 0 C LL. 41 OR LU LL ^ x \\ \\ to u Ot \� � / Gj LL 0 END LF- m 0 0 E 0 0 '5 U x 0 aj LU 0 z a z 0 ANNEX E: CITY OF MARATHON EA CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT E.4.1 Comprehensive Plan and Land Use Marathon's development is a mix of single-family residences, multifamily dwellings, tourist lodgings, marine-related and recreational uses, commercial uses, medical facilities and offices, and government uses. Like the rest of the County, future growth is limited by the ROGO;within Marathon,this is known as the Building Permit Allocation System (BPAS). The purpose of the BPAS is to encourage infill of existing platted lots served by existing infrastructure and to limit growth to enable safe and timely hurricane evacuation. The annual allocation for Marathon is 30 permits per year for residential dwelling units. The City of Marathon adopted its comprehensive plan in March 2005. The plan includes nine elements pertaining to the future growth and development of the City. Numerous goals, objectives, and policies throughout the plan acknowledge hurricane risks, especially related to evacuation, growth, ensuring safety, providing adequate facilities, and managing stormwater. Select objectives that address hazards and support hazard mitigation include: Objective 1-2.2: Hurricane evacuation Objective 3-4.1: Stormwater improvements Objective 3-4.2: Protect natural functions of groundwater recharge areas and natural drainage features Objective 4-1.2:Conserve, protect, and enhance natural systems Objective 4-1.3: Protect, conserve, and enhance coastal resources Objective 4-1.4: Protect and preserve wetlands Objective 4-1.16: Coordinate coastal resource management Objective 4-1.17: Minimum coastal hazards Objective 4-1.19: Limit public subsidies in the Coastal High Hazard Area Objective 4-1.20: Direct population away from High Velocity areas Objective 4-1.22: Reduce exposure to natural hazards Future development is guided by the City's future land use map, which can be found on the following pages. Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 2 2 2 n s � ❑ o a r-I , ai c �a J ' L LL Y ra o � � �+ v LLJ Q CD � T a w a+ L a ! o Vf t C oc • ❑ L) z ¢ 3 Q 3 a �' L3 ❑ o Jo ll! L) W W W N a op LLJ � ? v x S W w D X g v 3 W 0 Z Z uwMK O 7 N Q v° NO Kk\ \ �! k d � �mLLI g 0 c « j R 2LU § z k Lu o k k / § \ E k Q § E 3 3 7 2 2 § L @ g n \ $ j 2 § } § } } § � � \ Q Qj � \ _ . . . . . . \ � � k L� N § \ _ § - S � 2 / % w . � � . . � - � s 2 � g z 2 LL - / 2 ! G � \ u - LU S § z zv _m « \ k / \ u LLJ w i 0 Z' w o ° '� z Q W zzz w i m °w m v 9 Q x 41 a � � Y1 L LL !� 41 a W � v L O LL v � ro txo cu C C C ro � fl L 3 � OQC A � cf0i JN i LL O x LL c } � o Uof X 2 3 ui O L _......................... U g w W � � O � d) C7 W 0 U Z .� z Q Q U � LU w pwwmz (xpglz w a- Z 0 a LLu in in fn d O w i a 41 LL Q LL 4 N C3� c r-1tw S� t Li- Ca cu wNm ; � N Q� o L � � ZLL N X � y N 3 W o Z c ++ o Z o 7 N a n on NO ANNEX E: CITY OF MARATHON E.4.2 Floodplain Management The City of Marathon joined the NFIP through regular entry in October 2000. The City is a participant in the Community Rating System and is a Class 6 community. The following tables reflect NFIP policy and claims data for the City categorized by structure type,flood zone, Pre-FIRM and Post-FIRM. Table E.13—NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Structure Type Number of Insurance in Number of Closed Total of Closed Structure Type Policies in Force Total Premium Force Paid Losses Paid Losses Single Family 2,332 $3,252,537 $550,240,300 1,942 $67,772,173.60 2-4 Family 323 $326,385 $76,726,900 265 $11,832,024.55 All Other Residential 912 $541,111 $179,278,100 144 $13,697,391.08 Non Residential 382 $1,569,011 $145,614,500 353 $18,046,151.53 Total 3,949 $5,689,044 $951,859,800 2,704 $111,347,740.76 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table E.14—NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Flood Zone Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Force Losses Paid Losses A01-30& AE Zones 3,597 $4,795,185 $902,448,400 2,545 $103,667,597.76 A Zones 120 $72,000 $8,520,000 0 $0.00 V01-30&VE Zones 162 $779,859 $35,922,600 159 $7,680,143.00 V Zones 4 $2,400 $282,800 0 $0.00 B,C& XZone Standard 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Preferred 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Total 3,883 $5,649,444 $947,173,800 2,704 $111,347,740.76 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table E.15—NFIP Policy and Claims Data Pre-FIRM Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Force Losses Paid Losses A01-30& AE Zones 1,558 $3,461,501 $337,864,200 1,641 $93,177,325.91 A Zones 120 $72,000 $8,520,000 0 $0.00 V01-30&VE Zones 63 $354,476 $12,231,000 109 $7,070,900.18 V Zones 4 $2,400 $282,800 0 $0.00 B,C& X Zone 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Standard 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Preferred 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Total 1,745 $3,890,377 $358,898,000 1,750 $100,248,226.09 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table E.16—NFIP Policy and Claims Data Post-FIRM Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Paid Losses Force Losses A01-30& AE Zones 2,039 $1,333,684 $564,584,200 904 $10,490,271.85 V01-30&VE Zones 99 $425,383 $23,691,600 50 $609,242.82 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ANNEX E: CITY OF MARATHON Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Paid Losses Force Losses B,C& X Zone 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Standard 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Preferred 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00 Total 2,138 $1,759,067 $588,275,800 954 $11,099,514.67 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Continued NFIP Compliance The City entered the NFIP when it incorporated in 2000 by adoption of an ordinance that complies with the requirement of the program. To continue compliance with the NFIP,the City will: Enforce the adopted floodplain management ordinance, including reviewing all development proposals in the SFHA and enforcing the requirements of the ordinance, and inspecting both permitted development and unpermitted activities; Maintain records pertaining to floodplain development, including flood maps and Letters of Map Change, which shall be available for public inspection; Notify the public when there are proposed changes to the ordinance or FIRMS; Implement activities recognized by the NFIPs; and Promote the purchase of NFIP flood insurance policies as financial protection; Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Ai C O N m C C U C _ > c > F -° Q o0 o r Y vLL . 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Table F.1-HMPC Members Representative Agency Andrew Engelmeyer Director, Department of Public Works Terry Abel Fire Chief, Islamorada Fire Rescue COMMUNITY "PROFILE Geography Islamorada Village of Islands is located in the upper Florida Keys. Islamorada spans numerous islands, which are all connected by US 1. Located in the Straits of Florida, it is neighbored most closely by Tavernier and Key Largo. Marathon comprises a total area of 6.45 square miles. Population and Demographics Table F.2 provides population counts and population change estimates for Islamorada as compared to the county overall. Based on the 2018 American Community Survey, it is estimated that Islamorada's population grew by over 5 percent since 2010.Table F.3 further details important demographic and social characteristics for the Village as compared to the County overall and the State of Florida. The median age in Islamorada is about 10 years older than that of the County; the proportion of the population under 5 years of age is less than the County and the proportion over 65 is greater. Table F.2-Population Counts, Islamorada,2010-2018 2000 Census 2010 Census 2018 ACS Total Change %Change Jurisdiction Population Population Population 2010-2018 2010-2018 Estimate Islamorada Village of Islands 6,846 6,119 6,473 354 5.8% Monroe County Total 79,589 73,090 76,325 3,235 4.4% Source: US Census Bureau Decennial Census 2000,Decennial Census 2010;American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Note:Unincorporated areas statistics calculated by subtracting jurisdiction counts from the county total. Table F.3-Islamorada Demographic Summary, 2018 Islamorada Monroe Demographic&Social Characteristics Village of County Florida Islands Median Age 57.4 47.3 41.9 %of Population Under 5 years old 2.3 4.7 5.4 %of population Over 65 years old 29.6 21.3 19.7 %of Population Over 25 with high school diploma 94.7 91.3 88.0 %of Population Over 25 with bachelor's degree or higher 38.0 33.3 29.2 %with Disability 12.5 11.1 13.4 %Speak English less than "very well" 3.2 10.2 11.9 Source:US Census Bureau,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ANNEX F: ISLAMORADA VILLAGE OF ISLANDS Housing Table F.4 details housing unit counts for the Islamorada as compared to the county overall. Overall, housing unit estimates increased by 6.4 percent in Islamorada.Just under 2.7 percent of all housing units in the city are classified as mobile homes, a smaller percentage than the county (12.8 percent). The average household size for owner-occupied housing is approximately equal to that of the county; for renter-occupied housing, it is the lower. Median home value in Islamorada is 27 percent higher than that of the County. Of the vacant housing units in Islamorada (53 percent), nearly 76 percent are vacant for seasonal or recreational use. Table F.4-Housing Statistics, Islamorada, 2010-2018 Housing Characteristics Monroe County Islamorada Housing Units(2010) 5,692 6,187 Housing Units(2018) 6,055 5,919 Housing Units Percent Change(2010-2018) 6.4% -4.3% Housing Occupancy Rate 58.0% 47.2% %of Vacant Units for Seasonal/Recreational Use 69.4% 75.9% Average Household Size(Owner-Occupied) 2.26 2.2 Average Household Size(Renter-Occupied) 2.01 2.51 %of Housing Units with no Vehicles Available 2.9% 8.6% %of Housing Units that are mobile homes 2.7% 16.2% Median Home Value $593,100 $389,300 Source: U.S.Census Bureau 2010 Decennial Census,American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Economy The following tables present key economic statistics for Islamorada as compared to the county and the state. The Village was estimated to have an unemployment rate of 2 percent in 2018, lower than the County's and the States; 9.8 percent of the population was reported to be living below the poverty line. Table F.5-Economic Statistics, Islamorada, 2018 Demographic&Social Characteristics Islamorada Monroe Florida County Median Household Income $76,289 $67,023 $53,267 Per Capita Income $58,419 $43,477 $30,197 Unemployment Rate 2.0% 2.9% 6.3% %of Individuals Below Poverty Level 6.8 11.8% 14.8% %Without Health Insurance 9.8% 17.8% 13.5% Source: US Census Bureau Decennial Census 2000,Decennial Census 2010;American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates Table F.6 shows employment statistics for Islamorada compared to the county and the state average.The City has a higher share of its employed population working in the retail trade industry as well as the Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services, but a lower share in the arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services industry. Table F.6-Islamorada Employment by Industry, 2018 Industry Islamorada Monroe County Florida Agriculture,forestry,fishing and hunting,and mining 2.8% 1.9% 1.0% Construction 4.5% 7 8% 7 3% Manufacturing 3.8% 2.4% 5.1% Wholesale trade 2.2% 2 0% 2 7% Retail trade 13.8% 11.7% 12.9% Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A ANNEX F: ISLAMORADA VILLAGE OF ISLANDS Industry Islamorada Monroe County Florida Transportation and warehousing,and utilities 8.2% 6.0% 5.4% Information 0.7% 1.2% 1.9% Finance and insurance,and real estate and rental and leasing 10.1°% 7 1°% 7 7°% Professional,scientific,and management,and administrative and waste management services 12.5% 9.9% 13.1% Educational services,and health care and social assistance 13.7% 14.5% 21.0% Arts,entertainment,and recreation,and accommodation and food services 17.3% 23.9% 12.2% Other services,except public administration 6.2% 4.8% 5.3% Public administration 4.1% 6.9% 4.3% Source: U.S.Census Bureau,2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates F.3 RISK ASSESSMENT This section contains a summary of Islamorada's asset inventory as well as hazard profile and vulnerability assessment for those hazards that are spatially defined and have variations in risk that could be evaluated quantitatively on a jurisdictional level. The hazards included in this section are: Flood, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, and Wildfire. Asset Inventory The following tables summarize the asset inventory for Islamorada Village of Islands in order to estimate the total physical exposure to hazards in this area. Included is total building exposure, critical facilities, and critical infrastructure. Figure F.1 displays the location of critical facilities in Islamorada. Table F.7—Islamorada Building Exposure by Occupancy Occupancy Estimated Structure Value Estimated Content Total Value Parcel Count Value Marathon 4,847 $1,712,402,813 $931,139,584 $2,643,542,397 Commercial 152 $64,347,527 $64,347,527 $128,695,054 Education 5 $49,660,768 $49,660,768 $99,321,536 Government 9 $16,637,071 $16,637,071 $33,274,142 Industrial 13 $5,115,267 $7,672,901 $12,788,168 Religious 9 $9,000,455 $9,000,455 $18,000,910 Residential 4,659 $1,567,641,725 $783,820,863 $2,351,462,588 Source:Monroe County Parcel Data,2020 Table F.8—Critical Facilities& Infrastructure by Type c in O a O c c E T 2 E OA >' i Jurisdiction Q U W W W it Islamorada Village of 6 7 1 1 1 1 17 Islands Source:Monroe County Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 T �a w z � E m V G _ O E _ C N J N LL C .01 li D 0 E lU6 ' u ra O a--I L N LPL z N In � H G1 — Y LL m O N s_ a y a+ E 3 m�S to a v �zm O J W t'i CO LL 3 "a 0 CA X N 3 yLI O ? Z c i- o O 7 N Q 22o ANNEX F: ISLAMORADA VILLAGE OF ISLANDS F.3.1 Flood Table F.9 details the acreage of Islamorada's total area by flood zone on the effective DFIRM; it also shows a comparison to the preliminary DFIRM released in December 2019. Nearly 93 percent of Islamorada falls within the mapped 1%-annual-chance floodplains; this would drop to approximately 90 percent on the 2019 preliminary maps. The data in this risk assessment is based off FEMA's 2012 DFIRM. Figure F.2 reflects the effective mapped flood hazard zones for Islamorada. Figure F.3 displays the depth of flooding estimated to occur in these areas during the 1%-annual-chance flood. Table F.9-Flood Zone Acreage in Islamorada Effective DFIRM(2012) Preliminary DFIRM(2019) Change from Percent of Percent of Flood Zone Acreage Total(%) Acreage Total(%) Effective(acres) AE 3,672.2 80.1% 3,552.0 77.5% -120.2 VE 579.3 12.6% 570.5 12.4% -8.8 AO 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.2%Annual Chance 140.2 3.1% 356.0 7.8% 215.8 Flood Hazard Unshaded X 194.5 4.2% 107.8 2.3% -86.7 Open Water 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Total 4,586.2 -- 1 4,586.3 -- 1 0.1 SFHA Total 4,251.5 92.7% 4,122.5 89.9% -129.0 Source:FEMA Effective DFIRM Note:The differences between the effective FIRM and the preliminary FIRM are significant will likely still change.These details are provided here only as a comparison-all further flood analysis is based in the 2012 Effective DFIRM. Table F.10 provides building counts and estimated damages by occupancy type for the 1%annual chance flood event. Table F.10-Islamorada Estimated Building Damage and Content Loss, 1%Annual Chance Flood Buildings Building and Estimated Estimated Loss Occupancy Impacted Contents Cost Building Damages Content Damages Total Damage Ratio Commercial 132 $121,889,940 $2,027,543 $5,688,006 $7,715,549 6% Educational 4 $32,403,396 $9,499 $51,294 $60,793 0% Government 9 $33,274,142 $133,473 $825,088 $958,561 3% Industrial 12 $12,589,308 $94,091 $171,860 $265,951 2% Religious 8 $15,329,286 $305,160 $1,887,999 $2,193,159 14% Residential 4,498 $1,794,035,376 $191,245,097 $115,385,318 $306,630,415 17% Total 4,663 $2,009,521,448 $193,814,863 $124,009,565 $317,824,428 16% Source:HAZUS Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 � A^ \ - � _ ^{ � § \ % , x \ 2 o ] 7 < ` � ] § � ® - \ k § 220 o � « - � � © ) � / LL - e Q _ E% � |% y/; a � ■& :`® § ^ � } k \ o c 0 � � @ �2 � § � § oz « ^ \ 2 2 Q N 3 d _ nt 5a �cg O U L O o `1 f O i+ Ui L a R m � O E •(p m Q — O !6 LL l0 o E � S N m D V H Y � C Q i o °J a--I a 0.0 0 Eg 0 v O � LL o z y N I M Q LL T J GJ h0 N LL OA m O LL _ d.y E5 LU °P C m our .5 Yz� O J W" J O w r O w 3 LL ! g v •� X w v3 W Z Z 3 cO c3 r04 ANNEX F: ISLAMORADA VILLAGE OF ISLANDS F.3.2 Sea Level Rise Table F.11 details the number of parcels affected by 1, 2, and 3 feet of sea level rise in Islamorada. In total, over 30 percent of all parcels in Islamorada will be impacted by 3 feet of sea level rise. Figure F.4 displays 1, 2, and 3 feet of sea level rise and highlights affected parcels. Table F.11—Parcels Affected by Sea Level Rise, Islamorada Parcels Affected by Sea Level %of Parcels Occupancy Estimated Parcel Count(total) Rise Impacted by 3 1 Ft 2 Ft 3 Ft ft SLR Marathon 4,847 32 298 1,461 30.1% Commercial 152 4 13 34 22.4% Education 5 1 1 1 20.0% Government 9 1 2 3 33.3% Industrial 13 1 1 2 15.4% Religious 1 9 1 0 0 3 1 33.3% Residential 4,659 25 281 1,418 Source:Monroe County Parcel Data,2020 Monroe County, Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 u N a ro c m v a�i a�i Y ` - 0 f v v N N R N 4 ry m yn�7 yy��'��nU7 8 3 N y m� r ° o 1 - ��•yyr o �- Vf m r` m {n -i V > m O` e = e EC U L o a o "= N � ZLL N � tiff N o Y O W o - J `' W'ti �m°i ON •f6 CO — u � O a J O U r it C U N o 3 X y W Gl 3 O ? Z c i= o Z >'<, O 3 ANNEX F: ISLAMORADA VILLAGE OF ISLANDS F.3.3 Storm Surge Table F.12 summarizes the number of parcels in Islamorada that will be impacted by storm surge resulting from all categories of hurricane. Parcels are counted only once for the lowest category storm they will be affected by;it can be assumed that a parcel affected by storm surge associated with a Category 1 hurricane is also impacted by a Category 2 storm surge. In Islamorada, 36 percent of all parcels will be impacted by a storm surge associated with a category 1 hurricane; an additional 46 percent would be impacted by a category 2 storm surge. Figure F.5 displays storm surge inundations for all categories overlaid with impacted parcels. Table F.12-Storm Surge Impacts by Hurricane Category, Islamorada Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Occupancy Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Num %of Total Total Total Total Total Commercial 36 23.7% 41 27.0% 53 34.9% 14 9.2% 1 0.7% Education 1 20.0% 2 40.0% 0 0.0% 2 40.0% 0 0.0% Government 2 1 22.2% 4 44.4% 1 3 33.3% 0 1 0.0% 0 1 0.0% Industrial 6 46.2% 2 15.4% 0 0.0% 5 38.5% 0 0.0% Religious 2 22.2% 4 44.4% 2 22.2% 1 11.1% 0 0.0% Residential 1,693 36.3% 2,191 47.0% 378 8.1% 241 5.2% 18 0.4% Total 1 1,740 35.9% 1 2,244 46.3% 436 9.0% 263 5.4% 19 0.4% Source:NOAA SLOSH Data,Monroe County Parcels,2020 Note:Percent of total based off total parcel from asset inventory. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 u N a ro c m v a�i a�i Y ` 0 f v v N N R N W V N VI N u O 'C 1m 4 ry m yn�7 yy��'��nU7 8 3 N y m� r ° o �a N �c� 41 -. O ai O p 0 +, - `c ' 0 L • / 0.0 � % E++ °� s' Lq ®\y® 2 v N Li- LA LL W 5 v O J W'L' Q N � V Ids �p •i J a o � 6L O O V �L LC Z N 3 W Z Z 1:, oo c3 rj ANNEX F: ISLAMORADA VILLAGE OF ISLANDS F.3.4 Wildfire Figure F.6 depicts the WUI for Islamorada. The WUI is the area where housing development is built near or among areas of vegetation that may be prone to wildfire. Figure F.7 depicts Burn Probability based on landscape conditions, percentile weather, historical ignition patterns, and historical prevention and suppression efforts. Fire Intensity Scale,which indicates the potential severity of fire based on fuel loads, topography, and other factors, is depicted in Figure F.B. Much of Islamorada is within the WUI, although small areas on the northwestern edges of the islands remain outside of the WUI. Where there is a rating for burn probability, scattered throughout the Village with WUI areas, it is low; otherwise, much of the city is without a burn probability rating. There are small areas of higher characteristic fire intensity throughout the Village, but large swaths of the Village are not rated on the characteristic fire intensity scale. Areas outside of the WUI are the largest areas rated for characteristic fire intensity. Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 Ad S x _ ad\ - ra ( \ 4 � \ 2 / ) � \ § � \ .Qk § 2 - � $ 0 ) ) 2 � 2 - � m ©' % � ~ ES L� d / � \ LL e LLI ■& _ au § ! £ 2 o \ — � / @ \ 2 v7 z §a _ z �� g \ k Q / Q - ! _ ! ; \ ( \ � / \ , \ ) 2 ■� k / § ) / ) � \§ f \ jw } c , § � © _ , an » . � } «© ELL � \ � > LL ` - m o * \ \ LLI |%■& _y/; � :`® § o \ — � / @ 0 \ 2 z > _ § z g \ k / Q S z ^ \ - ( \ ��2 2 § �§ � • r � a2r f kk § E , Ll- _ k \ y _ k ? a �� 00 `« L // ~ . � � \ LL e LLI ■& a\ u § 2 £ 2 � m � . mo t @ 0 \ 2 07 z z � Q g ` j k / Q ANNEX F: ISLAMORADA VILLAGE OF ISLANDS FAA Comprehensive Plan and Land Use Much of the Village is developed with a mix of single-family residences, multi-family dwellings, tourist lodging,commercial retail, professional offices, marine uses including commercial fishing,tourist-oriented recreation uses, and government uses. The Village's Comprehensive Plan was developed in 2001 and most recently updated in September 2017. The Plan is made up of nine elements that each contain coordinated Goals, Objectives, and Policies. Many of the elements and the associated goals, objectives, and directly address hazards and support hazard mitigation: Objective 1-2.6: Manage conservation resources Objective 1-4.3:Coastal area population densities and hurricane evacuation plans Objective 1-4.5: Protect natural resources Objective 4-3.1: Implement stormwater improvements Objective 5-1.1: Protect coastal resources,wetlands, estuaries, living marine resources, and wildlife habitat. Objective 5-1.3: Identify, assess, and restrict development in wetlands. Objective 5-1.6: Minimize coastal hazards Objective 5-1.8: Limit public subsidy of development in the coastal high-hazard area Objective 5-1.9:Avoid population concentration in the coastal high-hazard area Objective 5-1.10: Coordinate hurricane evacuation Objective 5-1.11: Facilitate post-disaster redevelopment Objective 6-1.3: Protect floodplain functions Islamorada relies on a points-based building permit allocation system (BPAS). The BPAS promotes affordable housing and redevelopment of existing structures as well as regulates the rate of growth to deter further deterioration of public facilities level of service and environmental impacts of development. While development is mostly redevelopment of existing structures, new units have been added. All of these new units adhere to the County's ROGO. The table below summarizes permits issued in the three calendar years prior to this plan update.The Village's future land use map is on the following page. Table F.13—Islamorada Building Permit Statistics(2017-2019) Type of Development CY 2017 CY 2018 CY 2019 New single Family 50 39 58 New Other(commercial, industrial,religious,etc.) 2 3 1 New Multi-Family(2 or more) 1 1 - Commercial (additions, renovation,conversion) - 3 2 Residential (additions,renovation,conversions) 5 4 25 Other - - - Demolition 12 12 22 Relocation - - - Manufactured home(permanent,temporary) 2 Source:Local Mitigation Strategy Data Collection Guide Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 0 u � V V_ L 7 m 0 c c c c � `� � � cn •m � � m m m I N 14 -N •N w X -� Q ..Q V •� G Q p W V] LL N LL r O ti U opt" ti N U N N � v � W m C m .:#f o J 1D ti L W 00 ++ U 3 � LL ^ O � • X N i 03iD � 3 N m Cx0 cu Ln uj � O o a+ C.0 LL Q L Q cc N � � r wy..,y.. • @ C V LL @ U W N 3 O ? Z Z - O 3 N Q �° G O C V C to ❑_ � � Vim] N J = 41 U 0 2' C1. c V U J S O a y N R7 rt1 N y � Q � ❑ _ � C C L C i LL m LL N N N N N N N N X_ -6 n . -a J Ca Q IL Q w t!l LL N U_ • _1 0 ■ N v v C v O N ti ++ n V Ln N u N N v Ln cm-I � V 0 J 0 GJ r' 00 L —" m " v f6 r` � X v O713 LL- LL m 3 v p Z N v LL N L O +' LLI @ Ca J CO O c � O - 3 ii @ v° CA W N 3 O ? Z — L Z O 7 N Q I° 22 ( 0 m C V � J _ Iv z G 0 (D ❑1 U 2 N u LL V) m 7 1 N N N N N X —� Q V Q • �I �I o ■ A A A ■ ■ O ry u ti U �n GJ � �t 4 N 4J Q m w CC ai 00 ." "'`A v LL Q w Q LL i ui LLI to III ZC Q O J T•— co Ewa LL @ U W vi N 3 O ? Z L Z O 7 N Q ' v0 rl ANNEX F: ISLAMORADA VILLAGE OF ISLANDS F.4.2 Floodplain Management Islamorada Village of Islands joined the NFIP through regular entry in October 1998. The City is a participant in the Community Rating System and is a Class 6 community.The following tables reflect NFIP policy and claims data for the City categorized by structure type,flood zone, Pre-FIRM and Post-FIRM. Table F.14—NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Structure Type Number of Insurance in Number of Closed Total of Closed Structure Type policies in Force Total Premium Force Paid Losses Paid Losses Single Family 2,099 $2,627,101 $584,228,000 698 $19,643,974.99 2-4 Family 125 $119,287 $31,743,500 43 $979,501.89 All Other Residential 1,106 $481,301 $231,523,000 84 $6,888,283.70 Non Residential 330 $2,071,446 $142,025,100 242 $22,137,335.03 Total 3,660 $5,299,135 $989,519,600 1,067 $49,649,095.61 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table F.15—NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Flood Zone Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Force Losses Paid Losses A01-30& AE Zones 3,219 $4,020,897 $875,452,000 922 $42,560,336.52 A Zones 24 $14,400 $1,704,000 0 $0.00 V01-30&VE Zones 226 $1,115,978 $53,871,000 119 $6,459,150.69 V Zones 2 $1,200 $142,000 0 $0.00 B,C& XZone Standard 37 $40,294 $8,178,600 13 $529,369.15 Preferred 142 $100,366 $49,462,000 13 $100,239.25 Total 3,650 $5,293,135 $988,809,600 1,067 $49,649,095.61 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table F.16—NFIP Policy and Claims Data Pre-FIRM Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Force Losses Paid Losses A01-30& AE Zones 837 $2,729,510 $230,796,400 563 $36,924,644.90 A Zones 24 $14,400 $1,704,000 0 $0.00 V01-30&VE Zones 69 $537,144 $14,416,200 68 $4,116,284.33 V Zones 2 $1,200 $142,000 0 $0.00 B,C& X Zone 63 $48,964 $17,746,400 16 $407,796.57 Standard 16 $23,022 $3,604,400 11 $338,875.72 Preferred 47 $25,942 $14,142,000 5 $68,920.85 Total 995 $3,331,218 $264,805,000 647 $41,448,725.80 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Table F.17—NFIP Policy and Claims Data Post-FIRM Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Paid Losses Force Losses A01-30& AE Zones 2,382 $1,291,387 $644,655,600 359 $5,635,691.62 V01-30&VE Zones 157 $578,834 $39,454,800 51 $2,342,866.36 Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 A ANNEX F: ISLAMORADA VILLAGE OF ISLANDS Number of Number of Flood Zone Policies in Total Premium Insurance in Closed Paid Total of Closed Force Paid Losses Force Losses B,C& X Zone 116 $91,696 $39,894,200 10 $221,811.83 Standard 21 $17,272 $4,574,200 2 $190,493.43 Preferred 95 $74,424 $35,320,000 8 $31,318.40 Total 2,655 $1,961,917 $724,004,600 420 $8,200,369.81 Source: FEMA Community Information System,accessed November 2020 Continued NFIP Compliance Islamorada entered the NFIP when it incorporated in 1997 by adoption of an ordinance that complies with the requirement of the program. To continue compliance with the NFIP,the Village will: Enforce the adopted floodplain management ordinance, including reviewing all development proposals in the SFHA and enforcing the requirements of the ordinance, and inspecting both permitted development and unpermitted activities; Maintain records pertaining to floodplain development, including flood maps and Letters of Map Change, which shall be available for public inspection; Notify the public when there are proposed changes to the ordinance or FIRMS; Implement activities recognized by the NFIPs CRS; and Promote the purchase of NFIP flood insurance policies as financial protection; Monroe County,Florida Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 AA 0 O N m C C U c A v Y- N u avi v a - 'u\i E F.c > c T" 2 a Q o0 0 tF r Y v LL 3 v a �° 'o 'o 0 E v r°a ° v Y '-" E v m v a v m v � o o 0 o a ° o 0 0_ r"a -o v °' 2 E o ° o_.o Q +°' c r v N in o ,_, a E 0 0 'o o ,_, a E oo Q v "m o v° �-O ° N v ., raa °u v " m °u o LL o v n r00o a 3 20M. 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