Item 09 Solid WasteMonroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
SOLID WASTE
Table of Contents
Item
Page
9.0. SOLID WASTE ELEMENT.......................................................................................................................1
9.1
Introduction..................................................................................................................................1
9.2
Background Information.........................................................................................................
2
9.2.1
Types of Solid Waster.................................................................................................
2
9.3
Regulatory
Framework............................................................................................................
4
9.3.1
Federal Regulations.....................................................................................................4
9.3.2 'State
Regulations..........................................................................................................
5
9.3.3
Local Regulations..........................................................................................................
6
9.4
Solid Waste Generation............................................................................................................
6
9.4.1
Land Uses Served by PWD-DSW/R Facilities....................................................
6
9.4.2
Historical Solid Waste Generation.........................................................................
7
9.4.3
Municipal Solid Waste Composition by Type of Material ............................. 9
9.5
Description of Existing Facilities and Planned Improvements...............................11
9.5.1
Haul -Out Disposal Plan.............................................................................................11
9.5.2
Solid Waste Management and Disposal: 2010 to 2030...............................12
9.5.3
Sludge, Septage and Leachate................................................................................12
9.5.4
Disposal of Hazardous Waste................................................................................13
9.5.5
State Legislation..........................................................................................................13
9.5.6
Large Quantity Generators.....................................................................................13
9.5.7
Small Quantity Generators......................................................................................14
9.5.8
Storage............................................................................................................................14
9.5.9
Transportation and Disposal.................................................................................14
9.5.10
Household Hazardous Wastes...............................................................................IS
9.5.11
Contaminated Sites....................................................................................................15
9.5.12
Emergency Management.........................................................................................16
9.5.13
Public Education and Training..............................................................................16
9.6
Public
and Private Solid Waste Facilities........................................................................17
9.6.1
Solid Waste Collection..............................................................................................17
9.6.2
Transfer Facility..........................................................................................................17
9.6.3
Landfill and Resource Recovery Facilities........................................................18
9.7
Recycling
Program...................................................................................................................19
9.7.1
Voluntary Recycling...................................................................................................20
9.7.2
Government Recycling..............................................................................................21
9.7.3
Yard Waste Program.................................................................................................21
9.7.4
Abandoned Vehicles..................................................................................................22
9.7.5
Education of Recycling.............................................................................................22
9.7.6
State Mandated Waste Separation Deadlines..................................................23
9.8
Geographic Service Area........................................................................................................24
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Monroe County Com rehensive Plan Update
9.9 Litter....................................................................
9.9.1 Litter Types and Sources............................. ............................................................24
9.9.2 Affects of Litter on Animal Species......................................................................25
9.9.3 Affects of Litter on the Environment..................................................................25
9.9.4 Litter Control................................................................................................................25
9.10 Level of Service Standards .............................................................
9.11 Projected Future Ability to Meet Level of Service Standards..................................27
9.12 Key Carrying Capacity Limitations, Facility Inadequacies and
PolicyConstraints...........................................................................
Bibliography ...................................
29
List of Tables
Table
Page
Table 9.1: Municipal Solid Waste Composition by Type of Generator ............................................ 7
Table 9.2: Historical Solid Waste Generation for the PWD-DSW/R Service Area
In Tons Per Fiscal Year ......................
Table 9.3: Municipal Solid Waste Composition by Type of Material.............................................10
Table 9.4: Status of County Landfill & Incinerators .......11
...................
Table 9.5: Unincorporated Monroe County Abandoned Dump Sites...........................................16
Table 9.6: Solid Waste Collection Contractors.............................................................................17
Table 9.7: Solid Waste Transfer Facility Sizes and Capacities..........................................................18
Table 9.8: Disposal Facility Demand and Capacity Comparison......................................................19
Table 9.9: Solid Waste Generation Trends..............................................................................
Table 9.10 Projected Demands ................ ............•.•••27
Table 9.11 Remaining Broward County Central Landfill Capacity..................................................28
Table 9.12 Growth Limitations Based on Solid Waste Transfer Facility Capacity....................28
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
9.0 SOLID WASTE ELEMENT
[Rule 9J- S. 0 11 (1) (a) (d) (e) and (f), F.A.C.J
The Solid Waste Element of the Monroe County (County) Comprehensive Plan addresses
the data inventory requirements of 9J-5.005(2) and Rule 9J-5.011 of the Florida
Administrative Code (F.A.C.). The data inventory requirement will support the
development of goals, objectives, policies, and implementation programs for the Solid
Waste Element.
The Solid Waste Element is designed to meet the requirements of Florida's Local
Government Comprehensive Planning and Land Development Regulation Act (Chapter 163,
Florida Statutes). The purpose of the element is to describe the issues, needs and general
facilities providing for existing and future solid waste management.
9.1 Introduction
The Solid Waste Element contains an inventory of the existing solid waste systems for the
unincorporated areas of the County, and the current as well as projected demands. Chapter
91-5, F.A.C., requires an inventory of the current solid waste management system, including
the identification of waste characteristics and an inventory identifying solid waste
deficiencies.
Solid waste management is a critical issue in the Florida Keys. While problems of landfill
sitings, facilities, financing, and hazardous waste disposal have increased throughout Monroe
County, the unique setting of the Keys makes waste management even more difficult. The
geographic isolation, the limited land area, the environmental constraints, and the presence
of nationally significant natural resources adds to the challenge of responsibly and efficiently
managing the Keys' solid waste stream.
While landfilling has been the predominant means of waste disposal nationwide, our nation
is becoming increasingly conscious of what is being thrown away and where it is going. An
increasing awareness of the hazards of landfilling some types of wastes, of the potential for
reuse of other materials, and the imminent closure of landfills around the country have
brought about this change in attitudes towards solid waste management. Now, methods of
processing and disposal are evolving that are changing the business of solid waste
management.
Florida and the Keys have not been left out of this trend toward more complex, yet more
efficient and healthier use of what was once considered simply waste. Landfills filled to
capacity, new State laws, and public concern over present volume reduction and disposal
methods have altered the direction of solid waste management in the County significantly
over the years.
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Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
The current solid waste management system for the County, the problems and opportunities
specific to the County, and the future solid waste management plans and levels of service are
detailed in this element.
9•2 Background Information
9.2.1 Types of Solid Waste
The solid waste generated by a community is made up of many different types of wastes,
which for public health, safety, and cost effectiveness should be disposed of in different ways.
In general, solid wastes means sludge unregulated under the federal Clean Water Act or
Clean Air Act, sludge from a waste treatment works, water supply treatment plant, or air
Pollution control facility, or garbage, rubbish, refuse, special waste, or other discarded g from
perations.
material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous material resultin
domestic, industrial, commercial, mining, agricultural, or governmental o
Recovered materials as defined in Subsection (24) are not solid waste. (Section eratio s. F.S.)
Solid waste generated in the County is comprised of:
• Biological Wastes: Solid waste that causes or has the capability of causing disease or
infection and includes, but is not limited to, biomedical waste, diseased or dead animals,
and other wastes capable of transmitting pathogens to humans or animals. The term
does not include human remains that are disposed of by persons licensed under
Chapter 497, F.S. (Section 403.703 (3), F.S.)
• Biomedical Wastes: Solid waste, or a combination of solid wastes, which, because of its
quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics, may cause,
or significantly contribute to, an increase in mortality or an increase in serious
irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness or may pose a substantial present or
potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly transported,
disposed of, stored, treated, or otherwise managed. The term does not include human
remains that are disposed of by persons licensed under Chapter 497, F.S. (Section
403.703 (2), F.S.)
• Commercial Wastes: The wastes generated by the commercial and institutional sectors,
including stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, schools, hospitals, motels, churches
and other non -manufacturing and non -processing establishments.
• Construction and demolition debris: means discarded materials generally considered to
be not water-soluble and nonhazardous in nature, including, but not limited to, steel,
glass, brick, concrete, asphalt roofing material, pipe, gypsum wallboard, and lumber,
from the construction or destruction of a structure as part of a construction or
demolition project or from the renovation of a structure, and includes rocks, soils, tree
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Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
remains, trees, and other vegetative matter that normally results from land clearing or
land development operations for a construction project, including such debris from
construction of structures at a site remote from the construction or demolition project
site. Mixing of construction and demolition debris with other types of solid waste will
cause the resulting mixture to be classified as other than construction and demolition
debris. The term also includes:
o Clean cardboard, paper, plastic, wood, and metal scraps from a construction project;
o Except as provided in Section 403.707(9)(j), F.S., yard trash and unpainted, non
treated wood scraps and wood pallets from sources other than construction or
demolition projects;
o Scrap from manufacturing facilities which is the type of material generally used in
construction projects and which would meet the definition of construction and
demolition debris if it were generated as part of a construction or demolition
project. This includes debris from the construction of manufactured homes and
scrap shingles, wallboard, siding concrete, and similar materials from industrial or
commercial facilities; and
o Minimal amounts of other nonhazardous wastes that are generated at construction
or destruction projects provided such amounts are consistent with best
management practices of the industry. (Section 403.703 (6), F.S.)
• Electronic Wastes: Electronic waste (E-Waste) currently does not have a formal definition
in the State of Florida Statues. The term is loosely applied to consumer and business
electronic equipment and devices that are near or at the end of their useful life. Since
there is no absolute definition, electronic equipment and small appliances such as
microwave ovens that could fall under the other waste categories need to be formally
assessed and disposed of properly to avoid the hazardous waste contamination.
• Hazardous Wastes: Solid waste, or a combination of solid wastes, which, because of its
quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics, may cause,
or significantly contribute to, an increase in mortality or an increase in serious
irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness or may pose a substantial present or
potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly transported,
disposed of, stored, treated, or otherwise managed. The term does not include human
remains that are disposed of by persons licensed under Chapter 497, F.S. (Section
403.703 (13), F.S.)
• Industrial Wastes: Those wastes generated by industrial and manufacturing operations
engaged in the processing and production of marketable goods. Although a significant
amount of construction and demolition debris is generated in the County, and the County
has designated some areas of the Keys in an "industrial" land use category in the past,
none of the municipal solid waste generated in the County is classified as industrial
waste. Construction and demolition debris is a separate category of "special wastes."
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Businesses that fall within the industrial land use category on the Existing Land Use Map
series are classified for solid waste management purposes as "commercial generators."
• Recyclable Material: Those materials that are capable of being recycled and that would
otherwise be processed or disposed of as solid waste. (Section403.703 (26), F.S.) These
include: paper, cardboard, yard waste, wood, plastics, scrap iron, aluminum, glass, and
electronic waste (E-waste).
• Residential Solid Waste: The garbage generated by households. Yard trash, recyclables,
and sometimes hazardous wastes are also generated by
separated from other residential solid waste. households, but should ideally be
• Sludge: Includes the accumulated solids, residues, and precipitates generated as a result
of waste treatment or processing, including wastewater treatment, water supply
treatment, or operation of an air pollution control facility, and mixed liquids and solids
Pumped from septic tanks, grease traps, privies, or similar waste disposal
appurtenances. (Section 403.703 (30), F.S.)
• Special Wastes: Those that require special handling and management, including but not
limited to white goods, waste tires, used oil, lead -acid batteries, construction and
demolition debris, ash residue, yard trash, and biological wastes (Section 403.703(31),
F.S.)
• White Goods: Includes discarded air conditioners, heaters, refrigerators, ranges, water
heaters, freezers, and other similar domestic and commercial large appliances. (Section
403.703 (42), F.S.)
• Yard trash: Means vegetative matter resulting from landscaping maintenance and land
clearing operations and includes associated rocks and soils. (Section 403.703 (43), F.S.)
9.3 Regulatory Framework [Rule 9J-5.011(1)(h), F.A.CJ
9.3.1 Federal Regulations
The federal government regulates solid waste in order to minimize the potential for
environmental impacts, and to encourage resource recovery and sustainability. The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reviews solid waste management facilities for air
and water quality impacts. The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers regulates "refuse" under
Section 13 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, Chapter 425, Sec. 9, 30 Stat. 1151. 33
United States Code (U.S.C.) § 407. The 1976 Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act 42 U.S.C. §6901 et seq. (1976), removed the regulatory constraints that impeded
resource recovery in order to encourage states to conserve materials and energy.
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Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act also addresses the regulation of hazardous
wastes. Pursuant to this Act, EPA has set forth guidelines and standards for the handling of
hazardous wastes, and directs state agencies, including FDEP, to regulate hazardous waste
management. To aid in hazardous waste management financing, the EPA "Superfund"
Program was established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act of 1980, 42 U.S.C. §9601 et seq. (1980). This Act provided EPA with the
funds to respond to sites requiring clean-up and emergency mitigation, and allows local
governments to apply for funding of their hazardous waste management projects. The law
has subsequently been amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986 (SARA), Title II1, Section 305(a), and the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields
Revitalization Act of 2002 Public Law (P.L.) No. 107-118, 115 Stat. 2356 (2002).
9.3.2 State Regulations
Besides Federal EPA regulation, the environmental impacts of solid waste are regulated at
the state level by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP). FDEP follows
the solid waste management guidelines set forth in Chapter 62-701, F.A.C. when permitting
solid waste facilities. Specifically, FDEP has established evaluation criteria for the
construction, operation, closure and long-term care of landfills. The agency also regulates
the handling, classification and disposal of wastes, as well as resource recovery operations.
The 1974 Florida Resource Recovery and Management Act (Section 403.701, F.S.) required
each county to prepare a Solid Waste Management Plan. In 1988, this Act was amended by
the Solid Waste Management Act to establish State goals, regulations and programs for a host
of solid waste activities. Further amendments have been added to Chapter 403, F.S. since
1988 to include recycling mandates, resource recovery, hazardous wastes, biohazardous
wastes, and a comprehensive set of solid waste management regulations and guidelines.
In 1988, the Florida Legislature set a 30 percent recycling goal when passing the Solid Waste
Management Act, Section 403.7145, F.S. During the 2008 Legislative session, HB 7135
directed FDEP to prepare a recycling study to meet a statewide goal of 75 percent by 2020.
In the 2010 Legislative session, HB 7243 set benchmarks to achieve a 7 percent recycling
goal. The bill has since been adopted into 403.706 F.S. and requires local governments to
create or assure their recycling programs could meet the following targets:
• 40% by December 31, 2012
• 50% by December 31, 2014
• 60% by December 31, 2016
• 70% by December 31, 2018
• 75% by December 31, 2020
However, according to HB 7135, a county with a population of 100,000 or less may provide
its residents with the opportunity to recycle in lieu of achieving the goal set forth in this
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Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
section (Section 403.706 (4)(c), F.S.) Local governments are also required to have a program
that will enable construction and demolition debris to be recycled if economically feasible.
9.3.3 Local Regulations
The Monroe County Land Development Code (MCLDC), in compliance with State concurrency
requirements, require that, "...sufficient capacity shall be available at a solid waste disposal
site to accommodate all existing and approved development for a period of at least three
years from the projected date of completion of a proposed development or use" (MCLDC,
Section 114-2(a)(2)). This regulation went into effect on February 28, 1988, and serves as a
level of service (LOS) standard for solid waste disposal. The exact quantity that constitutes
"sufficient capacity," however, is not defined in the MCLDCs.
The determination of sufficient capacity is assessed on an annual basis. As stipulated in
Section 114-2(a)(3) of the MCLDC, capacities for solid waste and other public facilities are
updated and presented each year on or before June 15th in a public facilities capacity
assessment report that is approved by the Board of County Commissioners.
The MCLDC also requires that solid waste management plans be completed before any
Proposed development of a Major Conditional Use is reviewed by the Growth Management
Department. Solid waste generation rates and capacity assessments must be submitted for
review and coordination with the Public Works Division, Department of Solid
Waste/Recycling (PWD-DSW/R).
In addition to providing solid waste facility capacity, the County has responsibilities for
hazardous waste monitoring. Each Florida County must complete a hazardous waste
management assessment, and then must maintain an inventory of each small quantity
generator, the types and quantities of waste they generate, and their hazardous waste
management practices. The County must verify the management practices of at least 20
percent of the small quantity generators each year (Section 403.7234, F.S.) Local
governments are also required to participate in the FDEP administered "amnesty days," in
which small quantities of hazardous waste may be dropped off for disposal free of charge.
Finally, local governments can establish local hazardous waste collection centers with FDEP
approval.
9.4 Solid Waste Generation [Rule 9J-5.011(1)(e) and (f), F.A.C.J
9.4.1 Land Uses Served By PWD-DSW/R Facilities
The predominant land uses in unincorporated Monroe County that are served by the PWD-
DSW/R are residential, commercial, and governmental and institutional areas. Commercial
facilities include numerous hotels, motels and marinas that provide accommodations to the
seasonal population and tourists, as well as fish houses, marinas and boat yards that serve
the commercial fishing industry. With one exception, the governmental and institutional
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Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
uses that exist in the County are also served by PWD-DSW/R. The military facilities at Boca
Chica are served by the City of Key West's solid waste facilities on Rockland Key.
The type of land uses served by PWD-DSW/R is a significant factor in the amount of solid
waste generated. Table 9.1 depicts the solid waste generation in the PWD-DSW/R service
area by the type of generator for the year October 1, 2008 to September 30, 2009. Seventy-
three percent of the total of 116,884 tons of municipal solid waste processed by the County
was generated by single family residences and 17 percent by multi -family complexes during
this time period. Therefore, approximately 90 percent of the municipal solid waste stream in
the PWD-DSW/R service area is generated by residential areas. The remainder is generated
by the commercial sector (10 percent). This percentage includes governmental and
institutional generators.
Table 9.1- Municipal Solid Waste Composition by Type of Generator
Source: Monroe County,- PWD-DSW/K, GUU9 uata
Notes:
1) This table reflects tonnages delivered to the County's transfer stations and processed through
the PWD-DSW/R system.
2) The residential single-family category includes mobile homes and live-aboards.
3) Per capita figures are based on the 2009 total (permanent + average seasonal) population of
71,311. Tonnages are PWD-DSW/R figures.
4) Data is for one year, January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2009.
9.4.2 Historical Solid Waste Generation
In 2010, the County provided solid waste service to accommodate 70,808 residents. FDEP
certification of solid waste data for December 31, 2009 is reported to be 71,311 residents in
the County. For the purpose of this document, this data will be used as the most recent
certified data. This population base reflects a historical increase in population and
corresponding solid waste generation rates dating back to 1960. Table 9.2 summarizes
historical solid waste generation for the service area.
Solid waste generation in the County has increased each year from 1998 to 2009 (see Table
9.2), showing a general increase over time. Although solid waste generation is expected to
increase as the population increases, the solid waste tonnage generated in the County will
also fluctuate with natural and economic events. For example, total tonnage values
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Monroe County Com rehensive Plan Update
significantly increased from 2004 to 2005, this increase reflects approximately 35,000 tons
of additional waste due to tropical storms events that produce excess debris. Inversely,
tonnage values significantly dropped during the years of 2007 and 2008, at which time major
economic problems throughout the country were prevalent, causing less tourism, less
consumption of goods, and drops in the County's population. Although, these events will not
occur on an annual basis, general trends show that the steady increase of solid waste
generated within the County will continue as population increases.
The tourism industry in the Florida Keys is another large factor in solid waste generation
that needs to be accounted for in projected demands calculations. In 2009 the Monroe
County Tourist Development Council estimated 3.3 million tourist visited the County and
future tourism will continue to rise as general population increases, thus having a serious
impact on the solid waste generation within the County.
Any future declines will also reflect the diligent efforts by the citizens of the County to reduce
the amount of solid waste they generate, through the conscious consumption of goods,
composting, mulching or other sustainability efforts. Additional factors which are less easily
quantifiable could also affect solid waste generation. The amount of construction taking
place in the County, and thus the amount of construction debris being disposed of, also
significantly affects the total amount of solid waste generated. Periods with less construction
could have contributed to the decline in total waste generation. Finally, the weather affects
the rate of vegetative growth, and therefore affects the amount of yard waste generated.
Drier years could result in less total waste generation.
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Table 9.2 - Historical Solid Waste Generation for the PWD-DSW/R Service Area in Tons per
Fiscal Year (excluding: Islamorada)
DisposalFY FDEP Total Recycling
1998 N/A N/A N/A
1999
N/A
N/A
N/A
2000
158,327
59,798
131,825
2001
125,893
5
96,075
2002
134,950
68,738
113,071
134,734
34,619
113,427
r
112,102
13,757
110,333
212,470
73,085
212,470
2006
200,338
12,206
200,338
2007
134,467
12,497
134,467
2008
130,245
13,743
130,245
2009
116,884
12,099
95,327
Source: Monroe County - PWV-llsw/K
Note:
1) Data collection calendar year is January 1 to December 31.
2) These are scale tonnages. The amount of solid waste actually generated in the service area is
greater (see Table 9.3).
3) Fluctuations in yearly data may be a result of major storm events, economic conditions, and other
generation factors.
4) FDEP calendar years do not coincide with PWD-DSW/R calendar years, thus creating a differential
in datum between departments.
9.4.3 Municipal Solid Waste Composition by Type of Material
The solid waste generated in the County is comprised of a variety of materials. The tonnage
and per capita generation figures for each waste material generated in the PWD-DSW/R
service area are shown in Table 9.3. Yard waste, paper products, construction debris, and
miscellaneous material comprise the four largest components of the solid waste stream. Of
these, yard waste is by far the largest component, with over 3,700 tons generated between
January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2009. This constitutes 31 percent of the total 12,100 tons
of waste generated in the PWD-DSW/R service area.
As seen in this breakdown, the potential for recycling is high. The recyclable materials, paper
products, yard waste, wood (a portion of construction and demolition debris), plastics,
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Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
ferrous materials, aluminum, and glass comprise a total of approximately 70 percent of the
County solid waste stream.
Table 9.3 - Municipal Solid Waste Composition by Type of Material
Newspapers
Glass
Aluminum Cans
Plastics
Construction &
Demolition debris
363
847
121
968
1573
3
7
1
g
13
0.03
0.07
0.01
0.07
_
10.2
23.8
3.4
27.1
Yard Waste
3751
31
0.29
105.2
White Goods
Tires
Ferrous metals
Non-ferrous Metals
242
847
_-_
Z
7
0.02
0.07
6.8
23.8
Paper: corrugated
___
Paper: other
484
4
0.04
13.6
Food Wastes
185
15
1.014
50.9
Textiles
242
Z
0.02
6.8
Miscellaneous
847
7
0.07
23.8
Total
Source: Monroe County
12,100
— PWD-DSW/R
100%
0.93
339.36
Notes:
1) Per capita figures are based on the 2009 total (permanent + average seasonal) population of 71,311.
2) The tons per year figures are for the PWD-DSW/R service area (Monroe County excluding Islamorada.) They
represent scale tonnages, plus materials recycled by private businesses and citizens. Therefore, this table should not
be used as a comparison to Tables 9.2, 9.10, 9.11 and 9.12, and 9.13 for determination of capacity limitations and
levels of service.
3) Data is for one year, January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009.
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9.5 Description of Existing Facilities and Planned Improvements
[Rule 9J-5.011(1)(d)(e) and (f), F.A.C.]
9.5.1 Haul -Out Disposal Plan
Due to the lack of capacity, maintenance issues, and retrofitting necessary for existing
volume reduction units, the County's three historic landfills were finally closed by 1991.
Without the means of disposal, the County entered into a haul out contract with Waste
Management Inc. (WMI) in 1990 to have its solid waste hauled out of the County.
Prior to entering into the haul out contract with WMI, the County was responsible for the
collection and disposal of solid waste. Prior to the haul out contract, the County's disposal
methods consisted of incineration and landfilling at sites on Key Largo, Long Key and Cudjoe
Key. Combustible materials were either incinerated or burned in an air curtain districtor.
The resulting ash was used as cover material in the landfill. Non-combustible materials were
deposited directly in the landfill.
As a result of the haul out contract with WMI to transport the solid waste to WMI's landfill in
Broward County, the County's incinerators and landfills are no longer in operation. Table
9.4 summarizes the status of the County's landfill and incinerators.
Table 9.4 - Status of County Landfill & Incinerators
Source: Monroe County Public Works Division June, 2010
In December 1990, WMI began to haul wet garbage, yard waste and construction debris out
of the County. Since that time, the County has continually renewed five year contracts with
WMI. The County has been paying annual disposal fees on a per ton basis of municipal solid
waste. The County, in turn, has a guarantee that WMI will haul out and dispose solid waste
generated in the PWD-DSW/R service area over the length of the five year contract. The
initial haul out rate was $59.00 per ton. Currently, the County annual solid waste disposal
fees are $80.37/ton. All non -separated solid waste material is hauled to an incineration
facility owned and operated by Wheelabrator Technologies, Inc. in unincorporated Broward
County.
Solid waste is collected by franchise and taken to the three historic landfill sites, which serve
as transfer facilities. At the transfer stations, the waste is compacted and loaded on WMI
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Monroe Coun Com rehensive Plan Update
trucks for haul out. Recyclable materials, including white goods, tires, glass, aluminum,
plastic bottles and newspaper are included as part of the solid waste haul out contract. A
recent (2009) amendment to the contract includes WMI and the County's commitment to
increase annual recycling rate to 40 percent by 2014.
9.5.2 Solid Waste Management and Disposal. 2010 to 2030
The County has recently renewed to 2016 their current solid waste haul out contract with
Waste Management Inc. Although the current contract includes an option for extension,
the County will be considering other options that may increase services for residents and
Possibly lower the annual collection and disposal rates. However, the current contract with
WMI stipulates that the County will be responsible to pay out a fixed cost component of the
contract if the County does not renew in 2021 to the approximate sum of $317,000.00,
9.5.3 Sludge, Septage and Leachate
Historical and present day practice for sludge, septage and leachate treatment and disposal
by the County is the removal by private contractors to Black Point or Virginia Key waste
water treatment facilities in Miami -Dade County. This practice has been in effect since
August of 1990. Presently (2010) the County is under a haul out contract with Sweetwater
Environmental Inc. (SEI) for sludge and septage and leachate. The County's last contract
with SEI was from 2004 to 2009. This contract was recently renewed in 2009 and will expire
in June, 2014.
Local collection of septage and sludge is made throughout the County and then brought to
one of the three transfer facilities. The locations of SEI's three transfer facilities are: Cudjoe
Key MM 22, Long Key MM 68, and Card Sound. Each facility has two 20,000 gallon
containment tanks and are operated and maintained by SEI.
Although the haul out of sludge, septage, and leachate has been the County's means of
disposal for the above referenced materials, many changes in the collection process has
begun to streamline the disposal process as more sanitary sewer systems come online.
Historically, franchise collection would have to collect septage from thousands of private
facilities. As more public sanitary systems and package plants are put in place, the franchise
will collect more from centralized systems in most areas throughout the County.
The County currently does not have any proposed long-term solution for sludge, septage and
leachate treatment and disposal, other than its current means of haul -out to Miami -Dade
County wastewater treatment facilities. However, if the County continues to use haul out
Procedures, future capacity of the Miami -Dade wastewater treatment facilities will not
present an issue. Future plans may include composting sludge and other organic materials
within the County.
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Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
9.5.4 Disposal of Hazardous Waste
The management and disposal of hazardous waste has been a major national issue for more
than a decade. In 1976, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was directed to
develop a national program to regulate and manage hazardous waste and to provide
incentive for states to adopt consistent programs under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act. EPA is also authorized to respond to incidents requiring State cleanup and
emergency mitigation. Funding for this purpose under the Comprehensive Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 is commonly referred to as the "Superfund"
program.
9.5.5 State Legislation
In 1983, the Florida Legislature recognized the need to establish a coordinated and broad -
based approach towards maintenance and improvement of the State's valuable and
vulnerable water resources. The response was passage of a critical piece of environmental
legislation entitled the Water Quality Assurance Act (WQAA) of 1983. One major component
of the effort was that section specifically addressing hazardous waste. In preceding years,
many sites in Florida where improper storage, treatment or disposal of hazardous waste had
caused contamination of the ground water were uncovered. Consequently, Part IV of the
WQAA addresses the critical role of hazardous waste as a potential groundwater
contaminant.
This section of the law, contained in Chapter 403 of the Florida Statutes, established the
framework for dealing with hazardous waste on the local level. It strictly prohibits the
landfilling or disposal of hazardous waste to the ground anywhere in the State of Florida
(Section 403.7222 F.S.). Furthermore, it requires two important actions of local government
that continue to serve as a focus for local government activities concerning hazardous waste.
First, Section 25 (403.7225 F.S.) mandates the implementation of local hazardous waste
management assessment. The first component of this assessment consists of a survey of
business establishment hazardous waste generators, an inventory of the type and quantity of
the hazardous waste generated, and a listing of the current practices used by these
generators to treat, store or dispose of this waste. Second, the statute requires that each
county designate areas where a hazardous waste storage facility could be constructed to
meet a demonstrated need.
9.5.6 Large Quantity Generators
Large quantity generators are those generators which produce more than 1,000 kilograms
(kg) of hazardous waste in a calendar month. The only large quantity generators in the
County are public facilities or the military: the Florida Keys Electric Cooperative, City Electric,
the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority, and the U.S. Navy and the Coast Guard. All of these
generators are required to follow requirements that are monitored directly by the Florida
Solid Waste 13 Technical Document: May 2011
Monroe County Com rehensive Plan Update
Department of Environmental Regulation and over seen by the Florida Department of Health
(DOH).
9.5.7 Small Quantity Generators
Small quantity generators are those which produce between 100 and 1,000 kg per calendar
month. The amount of material produced determines the regulations which must be
followed. As a part of responsible management, the generator is required to maintain a
record of the accumulation, amount, type and number of containers of waste. The generator
must also have a Preparedness and Prevention Plan which sets procedures for managing the
waste within the generator's business including safety precautions and emergency plans
should an accident occur. The generator is required to obtain an EPA/FDEP identification
number and must contract with a licensed transporter.
The County is responsible for monitoring small quantity generators. This program is
managed by the Department of Health (DOH). There are approximately 800 potential small
quantity generators that are registered in the County. On this list, all small quantity
generators are termed "potential" because the definition of a generator is given in terms of
how much waste is produced each month. Small businesses may produce hazardous waste
one month but not the next. The businesses are not considered actual small quantity
generators unless they have produced hazardous waste in a given month.
Businesses that produce a very small amount of waste in a given month are "conditionally
exempt." This means that they do not have to follow manifestation procedures, but must still
comply with storage requirements. Small quantity generators must have a "cradle to grave"
manifestation, as required by FDEP and the EPA, documenting every stage of their waste
disposal process. The PWD-DSW/R is required to inspect 20 percent of the 800 sites each
year. FDEP also performs spot checks of generators.
9.5.8 Storage
The FDEP regulations specify on -site storage facilities and labeling requirements for small
quantity generators. The DOH monitors this through inspections. There are no building code
requirements for small quantity generators; only the containers and tanks are regulated.
9.5.9 Transportation and Disposal
Each small quantity generator is responsible for the transportation and disposal of its own
hazardous waste. However, as part of the agreement with the County, small quantity
generators can contract with the County's private contractor, at reduced rates. A generator
can choose its own transportation company as well, as long as the company is licensed by the
State. The generator of the waste and the transporter are both responsible for any mishaps;
the cradle to grave manifestation must document every step. Transportation of hazardous
Solid Waste 14 Technical Document: May 2011
Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
materials within public right-of-ways also falls under the jurisdiction of the Department of
Transportation.
There are no hazardous waste disposal sites in Florida. Disposal sites are scattered
throughout the South, each accepting only certain types of wastes. Cost for transportation
and disposal for the small quantity generators and the County depends on not only the
quantity of waste, but also on the type and how far it must be transported. Currently, the
County uses Clean Harbors, Inc. for the removal, transport, and disposal of hazardous wastes
within the County on a per -needed basis.
9.5.10 Household Hazardous Wastes
PWD-DSW/R has temporary storage facilities: at Cudjoe, Long Key, and Key Largo for small
quantities of hazardous material and electronic waste. PWD-DSW/R receives bids for
transportation and disposal contracts for these waste types. At present, the County uses the
services of Clean Harbors Inc. for hazardous waste disposal. The County accepts household
hazardous material and electronic waste during specified times and days at all three transfer
station sites and sponsors special collection events at no charge to residents. Small quantities
of these materials are accepted from businesses for a fee during regular collection hours. In
addition, the County has encouraged auto repair stations to voluntarily collect batteries and
waste oil from their customers as a public service.
9.5.11 Contaminated Sites
Property owners are required to clean up any contaminated sites on their property. There
are five private properties in the County listed on EPA's Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System (CERCLIS) inventory of potential
hazardous waste sites. Many, if not all of these are Superfund sites. PWD-DSW/R also
suspects there are some contaminated sites on civilian property but these would fall under
the jurisdiction of FDEP.
Monroe County's Hazardous Waste Assessments, Identification of Abandoned Dump Sites (n.d.),
lists additional sites which have the potential to be contaminated. The report lists the
potential hazardous waste problem for these sites as minimal for all sites. Abandoned dump
sites are under FDEP jurisdiction. The list of abandoned dump sites is presented in Table
9.5.
The Remainder of This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Solid Waste 15 Technical Document: May ZU11
Monroe County Corp
Table 9.5 - Unincorporated Monroe County Abandoned Dump Sites
Boca Chica
Saddle Bunch Key
Middle Torch Key
Boot Key
Key Largo
Cudjoe Key
Key Largo
Long Key
Source: PWD-DSW/R, 20 00
5/68/26
8/67/27
17/66/27
16/6 2
9/60
20/66/28
11/60/40
27/65/35
8
U.S. Government
I Landfill
15
U.S. Government
i Landfill
27
Baltuff
;Landfill
48
Tropic South Inc.
i Landfill
NA I
Carter
Landfill
21
PWD-DSW/R
iLandfill/
Incinerator
NA
PWD-DSW/R
Landfill/
Incinerator
68
PWD-DSW/R I
Landfill/
Incinerator
ensive Plan Update
i Minimal (Inactive)
Minimal (Inactive)
Minimal (Inactive)
Minimal (Inactive)
Minimal (Inactive)
Minimal (Inactive)
Minimal (Inactive)
Minimal (Inactive)
Another cause of soil and groundwater contamination is storage tanks. The DOH is in charge
of inspections for tanks containing vehicular fuel and pollutants. FDEP handles tanks
containing hazardous substances. DOH estimates that 99 percent of the active tanks in the
County are reported to DOH. Potential abandoned tanks may present a great health and
safety hazard. DOH relies upon citizen reports of tanks, and upon the DOH Tank Inspector
finding abandoned tanks while on field inspections.
9.5.12 Emergency Management
A federal "Community Right -To -Know" law, managed by the EPA with some authority
delegated to the States, requires that companies using hazardous substances register with
state and local authorities. Any projects producing hazardous waste are required to inform
the local Fire Department, the Police, and the hospitals.
Through the Florida Department of Labor and Employment Security, Division of Safety and
OSHA, Florida's "Right -To -Know" law is enforced. Employers must inform their employees
about any toxic substances in the workplace. Workers can refuse to work with substances if
they are not provided a Material Safety Data Sheet on the substance by their employer.
9.5.13 Public Education and Training
PWD-DSW/R offers training sessions and classes on hazardous waste management to
various business and community groups. Training, along with evaluation and assessment, is
Solid Waste 16
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Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
one of the topics on which the Cooperative Extension Service has written materials, slides,
and a video that are available upon request. The County sponsors special household
hazardous material and E-waste collection events at no charge to residents.
PWD-DSW/R's involvement with actual hazardous waste disposal is limited. PWD-DSW/R
completes surveys required by the state and federal governments, and inspects the sites of
suspected hazardous waste generators when reports of improper disposal are received.
PWD-DSW/R also disseminates information on proper disposal methods to hazardous waste
generators. Each year PWD-DSW/R also verifies the hazardous waste management practices
of at least 20 percent of its inventory of small quantity hazardous waste generators, as
required by law.
9.6 Public and Private Solid Waste Facilities
[Rule 9J-5.011(1)(d)(e) and (f), F.A.C.]
9.6.1 Solid Waste Collection
The collection of solid waste is undertaken by private contractors under franchise
agreements with the County. The following private solid waste collection contractors
presently operating under franchise agreements with the County are shown in Table 9.6.
Table 9.6 - Solid Waste Collection Contractors
Collection
Waste Management, Inc South of the Seven Mile Bridge
Marathon Garbage Service, Inc.
Middle Keys, MM45-MM72
Key Sanitary Service
Upper Keys, MM91-County line
Ocean Reef Club, Inc.
Ocean Reef Club
National Park Service (Agent)
Everglades National Park
Source: PWD-DSW/R, 2010
9.6.2 Transfer Facilities
Through the terms of the five year contract between the Monroe County Board of County
Commissioners and WMI, a lease agreement which runs concurrent with the solid waste haul
out contract allows for the utilization of the County owned transfer stations by WMI. The
location of the transfer facilities are depicted on Map Series 9-1. The size and capacity of
these facilities are shown in Table 9.7.
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Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
Table 9.7 - Solid Waste Transfer Facility Sizes and Capacities
Cudjoe Key Transfer Station 20.2 acres 200 tons/day
Long Key Transfer Station 29.5 acres 400 tons da
/ Y
Key Largo Transfer Station 15.0 acres 200 tons/day
Source: Waste Management Inc., 1991
The maintenance and operation of the solid waste transfer facilities is entirely the
responsibility of WMI. These responsibilities include enforcement of safety procedures,
ongoing repair and maintenance of facility components, assurance of compliance with all
applicable federal, state and local laws, regulations and permits including those pertaining to
the environment and OSHA, and prevention of any environmental degradation to the transfer
sites. The contract only allows for the receipt of "acceptable waste" which is defined as not
being Hazardous, Biohazardous or Atomic Waste. The disposal of unacceptable waste is the
responsibility of the generator and must be accomplished through the use of licensed private
waste removal firms. The County can, upon 12 hours notice, perform inspections to
determine compliance with the operational terms of transfer station lease agreement.
9.6.3 Landfill and Resource Recovery Facilities
9.6.3.1 Landfill Facility
Although the original solid waste disposal site stipulated in the haul out contract was the
WMI owned and operated Central Disposal Sanitary Landfill (CDSL) located at 3000
Northwest 48th Street, Pompano Beach (Unincorporated Broward County), Florida, all trash,
unseparated recyclables and hazardous waste is currently hauled to the Wheelabrator
facility in Broward County, Florida, for incineration and disposal.
9.6.3.2 Resource Recovery
Resource recovery is the process of recovering materials or energy from solid waste.
Mandatory or voluntary recycling of common waste products like paper products, plastic
containers, tires, glass, and metals has become a common means of recovering materials
while reducing the volume of waste that is landfilled. Solid waste incineration has also
become a common practice of resource recovery through the production of electricity.
Resource recovery in Broward County (North Broward at the North Regional Resource
Recovery Facility (NRRRF) and South Broward at the South Regional Resource Recovery
Facility (SRRRF)) is accomplished through two 2,250 ton/day, 70 megawatt trash to energy
facilities designed, built, owned and operated by Wheelabrator Technologies (see Table 9.8).
WMI utilizes the South Regional Resource Recovery Facility for Monroe County solid waste
Solid Waste 18 Technical Document: May 2011
Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
disposal. Each facility is designed so its daily capacity can be expanded to 3,000 tons to meet
future needs. Florida Power and Light Company purchases the electricity generated by the
facilities. To provide for the disposal of ash from the resource recovery facilities,
Wheelabrator has designed and constructed a state-of-the-art monofill with a liner system
that includes structural fill, a six inch layer of bedding sand, a manufactured clay liner, two
high -density polyethylene liners, a 24 inch layer of drainage sand and leachate collection
systems. With the operation of these two facilities the expected life of the CDSL is extended
approximately 20 years.
Table 9.8 - Disposal Facility Demand and Capacity Comparison
Source: Broward County, 2010
9.7 Recycling Program [Rule 9J-5.011(1)(e)W, F.A.C.]
The "Monroe County Recycling Program" was initiated in September 1989. Initial activities
included the purchase of four multi -material recycling containers and the establishment of
neighborhood recycling centers as recycling drop off sites. Within two years of the initiation
of the County's recycling program, the City of Key West and the Middle Keys area, including
the City of Marathon, had established curbside collection for 18,000 residential units
including both single and multi -family residential units. Since 1989, the County has expanded
its recycling program to include all residential communities within the County on a voluntary
basis.
Currently the County's recycling program consists of a voluntary curbside collection system,
recycling centers at each of the solid waste transfer stations, and voluntary commercial
collection. Recycling programs related to commercial establishments have been developed
and put in place. The Monroe County School District has developed and implemented
programs at all County schools. County, State and federal agencies have also initiated
recycling programs. New commercial developments are required to submit a study to show
how waste will be reduced and recycled from clearing through on -going business.
As previously noted, the County is contracted with WMI for solid waste haul out. Under the
terms and conditions of the contract with WMI, solid waste is collected by franchisees and
taken to the three trash transfer facilities. At these facilities, the solid waste is transferred to
trucks for hauling out of the County. The solid waste hauled out of the County includes non -
Solid Waste 19 Technical Document: May ZU11
Monroe County Com rehensive Plan Update
recyclable and recyclable materials. Recyclable materials are being and will continue to be
separated from the solid waste stream to the maximum extent possible at the source.
9.7.1 Voluntary Recycling
9.7.1.1 Curbside Collection
The County's residential curbside collection is facilitated by four franchise contractors. Each
vendor is contracted to collect recycling from a defined service area and are as follows: (1)
Stock Island to Seven Mile Bridge [Waste Management Inc.], (2) North End of Seven Mile
Bridge to Mile Maker 72 [Marathon Garbage Services], (3) Mile Marker 91 to the County line
[Keys Sanitary Service], and (4) Ocean Reef Club [Ocean Reef Disposal].
The education program for the residents includes television advertisements, newspaper,
radio and printed material.
9.7.1.2 Recycling Centers
In addition to the curbside collection, recycling centers have been made available to the
residents as part of County's recycling program. The current drop off centers are located at
(1) Cudjoe Key Transfer Station (MM 21.5, Blimp Road), (2) Long Key Transfer Station (MM
68), and (3) Waste Management Recycling Center (MM 100.2, 300 Magnolia St. Key Largo).
These locations accept recyclable material that coincides with curbside collection of
recyclable material. In addition to typical recyclable materials (paper, plastic, glass, and
metals), the Key Largo Recycle Center also accepts electronic waste (E-waste) and household
hazardous wastes.
9.7.1.3 Commercial
The hospitality industry, including hotels, motels, guest houses, bars and restaurants, are also
encouraged to establish recycling programs. Cardboard, glass, aluminum and office paper
make up the largest components of the recyclable fraction of the hospitability industry.
Lending institutions, hospitals, and other contributors of major amounts of white paper and
computer paper have been encouraged to participate in recycling those materials. Recycling
audits done on the premises have helped businesses to determine the amounts of materials
with the potential to recycle. Commercial generators of all sizes have established programs
to collect the various materials.
Collections of recyclable materials from commercial entities are voluntary and conducted on
individual sites, and by individual businesses. Some businesses collect and transport
materials to county recycling centers. There are four franchise waste companies offering
commercial recycling services for recycling in the Florida Keys.
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Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
9.7.2 Government Recycling
9.7.2.1 Monroe County
Monroe County has implemented recycling programs at most County facilities. Materials
collected include all materials that are collected curbside. Recycling is encouraged, but not
mandatory at present.
9.7.2.2 Monroe Count School Board
The Monroe County School Board has implemented recycling programs at all County school
facilities and collects all recyclables that are collected curbside.
In-service training for faculty and staff is offered by Monroe County PWD-DSW/R staff.
Recycling curriculum and recycling projects for teachers are offered through cooperative
arrangements with the Monroe County School District. The Monroe County School District
has a Solid Waste Reduction Plan in place.
The Florida Keys Community College has also implemented a recycling program.
9.7.2.3 U.S. Military
The United States military facilities located in the County participate in recycling programs at
all facilities by collecting office and computer paper, cardboard, and aluminum which are
currently being recycled at non-residential facilities. Curbside collection has been
established for all military residential areas and includes collection of yard waste which is
turned into mulch for use on military facilities.
9.7.3 Yard Waste Program
Yard waste comprises the largest percentage by weight and volume of the County's waste
stream. However, yard waste is currently collected as part the solid waste stream and hauled
out of the County. Residential yard waste mulching programs were implemented in the past,
but discontinues due to limited demand, the spread of contagious tree diseases, and
contamination concerns. Yard waste is collected from residential dwellings under various
arrangements by the franchise service providers.
9.7.3.1 Monroe County
Currently, mulching takes place at the three locations within the County, but is limited to
County funded maintenance of public lands and right-of-ways. Future consideration of a
yard/organics waste program should be revisited in the near future, in order to institute new
Solid Waste 21 Technical Document: May 2011
Monroe County Com rehensive Plan Update
means and methods to reduce current quantities of organic waste being hauled out of the
County.
9.7.4 Abandoned Vehicles
A program to remove, crush and haul abandoned vehicles for processing has been developed
by the County. This service is provided to the County through contractual agreements.
9.7.5 Education of Recycling
A revised comprehensive program for public education and awareness of recycling is
currently in development and is being implemented for the entire County. Updated
brochures, an on-line newsletter, press releases, and media interviews are prepared on a
regular basis by PWD-DSW/R.
9.7.5.1 School S stem
Currently, the County conducts educational programs that instill awareness of waste
management issues; encourage the participation of children in recycling efforts, promote
classroom activities, extra curricular events and special competitions. A "Recycling
Education and Awareness Program" for grades K-12 is in place and being taught throughout
the school system. County staff currently assists, promotes and coordinates educational
activities for the public school system. Materials have been developed for use in the
classroom which includes puppet programs and video presentations. School presentations
are linked to Sunshine State Standards (Florida Department of Education Standards).
9.7.5.2 Other Grou s Tar eted for Rec clin Education Pro rams
Civic groups, homeowner associations, condominium associations, professional associations,
the hospitality industry, business entities, and government agencies, including the State
parks and military facilities have been targeted for recycling presentations and activities.
On-line newsletters, event announcements and brochures have been developed by PWD-
DSW/R for the use of these groups.
9.7.5.3 Government Agencies
Recycling presentations, activities and materials have been developed for use by all
participating government agencies. They are available upon request and on the County Solid
Waste Department's section of the Monroe County website.
9.7.5.4 Public Relations
A list of all local newspapers, radio stations and television stations has been compiled. News
releases and public service announcements are sent regularly to all local newspapers and
Solid Waste 22
Technical Document: May 2011
Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
radio stations. Paid advertisements have been utilized for publicizing special recycling
events. Brochures have been prepared and distributed and flyers to promote recycling
events have been circulated throughout the County by PWD-DSW/R.
9.7.6 State Mandated Waste Separation Deadlines
In addition to recycling of materials, as previously described, another way to reduce the
demand for landfill space is to incorporate resource recovery and volume reduction practices
into the solid waste disposal process. For this reason, and to reduce the hazard certain
wastes may cause to humans and the environment, the State has imposed a number of
deadlines for the separation of special wastes from landfills. However, due to a total
population less than one hundred. thousand people, state mandates for separation are not
mandatory.
9.7.6.1 Waste Oil
Since September 1990, uncontaminated waste oil has been accepted at the all three PWD-
DSW/R solid waste facilities and at no charge to residents.
9.7.6.2 Lead Acid Batteries
Lead acid and niCad batteries are collected and segregated by PWD-DSW/R at all three
transfer facilities and the Key Largo Recycling Center on an ongoing basis. Pursuant to
Section 403.717 F.S. it is illegal to landfill lead acid batteries.
9.7.6.3 Tires
Tires are also segregated from landfill waste. Tires without rims are collected at residences
by residential service providers upon special request on regular collection days at no charge.
Tires can be dropped off at any of the three transfer facilities for a fee. Tires are then
stockpiled and hauled out for recycling.
9.7.6.4 Construction and Demolition Debris
Construction and demolition debris is separated from other solid waste. Recyclable
components are stock piled at all three transfer stations by WMI until haul out of the
materials to their recycling facility. Construction and demolition debris is transported to a
special landfill facility in Homestead, Florida.
9.7.6.5 White Goods
White goods are collected by the franchised solid waste collectors, brought to the three
transfer stations, and stockpiled. The County has contracted with Waste Management Inc. to
Solid Waste 23 Technical Document: May 2011
Monroe County Com rehensive Plan Update
process, bale and ship white goods. Prior to transfer WMI removes Freon from all
refrigeration and air conditioning units.
9.7.6.6 Electronic Waste
Electronic waste (E-Waste) can be dropped off at Cudjoe Key and Long Key transfer Facilities
and at the Key Largo Recycling Center during designated dates and times. The E-Waste is
then stockpiled by the County and collected by the franchise contractor for haul out to the
contractor's recycling facility.
9.8 Geographic Service Area [Rule 9J-5.011(1)(f), F.A.C.]
PWD-DSW/R has divided solid waste collection operations within the County into three
subdistricts. The geographic boundaries of these subdistricts are shown on the solid waste
Map Series 9.1 of the map Atlas, and are described below:
• Subdistrict I is served by the Key Largo Transfer Facility and comprises an area extending
from the Miami -Dade County line to Snake Creek at southern Plantation Key. The
collection franchises serving Subdistrict I are Keys Sanitary Service and Ocean Reef Solid
Waste Inc.
• Subdistrict II is served by the Long Key Transfer Facility and comprises an area extending
from Snake Creek to the Seven Mile Bridge. The collection franchise servicing Subdistrict
II is Marathon Garbage Service.
• Subdistrict III is served by the Cudjoe Key Transfer Facility and comprises an area from
the Seven Mile Bridge to Stock Island (Incorporated Key West is not part of the WMI
operation). The collection franchise serving Subdistrict III is Waste Management, Inc.
9.9 Litter
9.9.1 Litter Types and Sources
Marine litter and terrestrial litter are the two primary types of solid waste litter within the
County, both types create adverse affects, on the natural environment, animal species, the
general aesthetics of local communities, and the beauty of the Florida Keys.
9.9.1.1 Marine Litter
Marine litter originates from a variety of sources including intentional and unintentional
releases from recreational boaters, shoreline users, commercial fishing operations, sport
fishing and diving charters, and oceanic sources such as merchant ships, cruise ships, and oil
drilling vessels. In addition, litter on the land blows into the waterways of the Keys. See
Chapter 3.0, (Conservation and Coastal Management of the Monroe County Comprehensive
Solid Waste 24
Technical Document: May 2011
Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
Plan Update). Fishing line disposal containers are stationed on most fishing bridges within
the County.
9.9.1.2 Terrestrial Litter
Terrestrial litter also originates from a variety of sources including both intentional and
unintentional releases from trash receptacles, commercial haulers, motorists, pedestrians,
and beach goers. Furthermore, animal infiltration of trash receptacles can produce litter
within residential communities, commercial area, and park facilities.
9.9.2 Affects of Litter on Animal Species
Whether the litter is marine or terrestrial, it will have adverse effects on animal life within
the County. Entanglement and ingestion of litter can cause bodily injury, illness and death to
the wildlife within the Florida Keys. Endangered species such as Key Deer face further
danger of survival with the interaction of humans and their litter. Exposure to litter may
cause mortality by entanglement and disease. (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Key
Deer Refuge, 2000).
9.9.3 Affects of Litter on the Environment
Litter can cause habitat destruction, which will eventually lead to the loss of a sustainable
environment for which the animal life needs to survive. Litter not only causes physical
damage to the environment, but also damages the aesthetics and allure of the Florida Keys
which naturally draws thousands of tourists to each year.
9.9.4 Litter Control
Controlling litter within the County will need to be addressed through improved solid waste
collection practices, animal/tamper proof waste receptacles, community cooperation, clean-
up efforts, education, and local laws. Section 21-21(a) of the County's LDCs states, "No
person shall place, cast, sweep, or deposit anywhere within the county any refuse in such a
manner that the same may be carried, spread, or deposited by the elements upon any
street, alley, parkway, or other public place or into any occupied or unoccupied property or
waterway." Therefore, code enforcement should focus on persons dumping or littering.
Furthermore, the County's education efforts should illustrate the impacts of litter upon
animal species and habitat.
9.10 Level of Service Standards [Rule 9J-5.011(1)(e), F.A.C.]
The historical solid waste generation values for the PWD-DSW/R service area (Table 9.2)
show a steady growth of total solid waste generation between the years 1998-2001. During
the period 2002 - 2006, the County's solid waste generation was significantly higher. These
higher values do not correspond to normal solid waste generation trends within the County
Solid Waste 25 Technical Document: May Lu11
Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
and in actuality result from a cluster of outliers. The outliers are functions of favorable
economic conditions (greater consumption of goods and services) and storm events that
cause a significant amount of over generation due to debris. Furthermore, during the period
of 2007-2008, an economic recession affected solid waste generation, significantly reducing
standard trends for generation growth.
The LOS Standard utilized for projecting solid waste demands during the planning periods
will be 11.41 pounds/capita/day (lbs/cap/day). This LOS is calculated by averaging LOS
from years 2000 through 2009. Although this value is higher than the current
Comprehensive Plan (5.44 pounds per capita per day - Objective 801.1), it is considered a
reasonable and conservative standard because: (1) these years represent a general trend of
solid waste generation with respect to functional population growth; (2) the average LOS
creates a conservative rate of solid waste generation in comparison to the increasing trend of
solid waste generation between the years 1998-2000, thus predicting a comparative or
slightly higher annual solid waste production in relation to population; (3) the limitations on
future development should reduce the amount of construction and demolition debris
generation; and (4) recycling and consumer awareness will be part of the County's efforts to
reduce generation. Table 9.9 depicts the historical solid waste generation for the County
exclusively.
Table 9.9 - Solid Waste Generation Trends
2000
158,327 1
36,036
33,241
69,277
12.52
2001
125,893
36,250
33,263
69,513
2002 I
134,950
36,452
33,285
69,737 1
9,92
2003
134,734
36,543
33,307
69,850
10.60
2004
112,102
36,606 j
33,329
69,935 �
10.57
2005
212,470
37,164
33,351
70,515
8.78
2006
200,338
36,466
34,019
70,485
16.51
2007
134,467
35,749
34,568
70,317
15.57
2008 j
130,245
34,788
35,550
70,338
10.48
2009
116,884
36,268
35,043
71,311�
10.15
Source: Monroe County Recommended Functional
Population Series, Fishkind
& Associates 2010
8.98
Solid Waste 26
Technical Document: May 2011
Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
9.11 Projected Future Ability to Meet Level of Service Standards
[Rule 9J-5.O11(1)(e)(f), F.A.C.]
Table 9.10 presents solid waste generation for Monroe County (excluding Islamorada) from
2010 to 2030 based upon a LOS standard of 11.41 lbs/cap/day. The LOS includes recycling
and disposal (excluding hazardous wastes). Planning periods are in five year increments.
Table 9.10 - Projected Demands
Source: Monroe County Population Projections, Fishkind &Associates Zulu
Notes: FEDP data uses only permanent population for their evaluations.
9.12 Key Carrying Capacity Limitations, Facility Inadequacies and Policy
Constraints [Rule 9J-5.O11(1)(e)(f), F.A.C.]
The latest data available from FDEP (2008 calendar year) indicated that 143,988 tons of solid
waste was collected in the County and processed by franchise contractors between January
2008 and December 2008. The County's contract with WMI does not stipulate limitations to
collection and disposal demands; therefore, WMI will continue to follow the terms of the
contract without limitation on demand until 2016 or beyond if and the option to renew the
haul out contract for an additional five years is exceeded. Based on the current contract
between the County and WMI, the agreement will adequately address solid waste disposal
and recycling needs through the five year contract period ending in 2016. With the
provisions provided for in the contract, the County could hypothetically continue to renew
contracts for future disposal needs. Although WMI projects that the Broward County Central
Landfill's capacity will be approximately met by the year 2027, WMI does have other
facilities in the State that will be able to facilitate the County's solid waste disposal needs well
past the planning period of this document (2030). Therefore, it will be necessary for the
County to research other means and methods to reduce solid waste generation, improve
recycling volume, and increase sustainability to preserve resources in the County and its
impacts on other Florida Counties.
Solid Waste 27 Technical Document: May "Lull
Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
The transfer facilities within the county are currently well below permitted capacity, and
should not exceed capacity within the planning period of this document. Table 9.12
represents the growth limitations within the County based on the transfer facilities capacities
and the terms of existing haul out contract.
Table 9.11- Remaining Broward County Central Landfill Capacity
2010
25,000,000
N/A
190,737
015
18,000,000
N/A
192,604
020
11,000,000
N/A
194.436
25
3'000,000
N/A
196,268
27
:MI 2010
ClosedLj
N/A
198,100
Note: 1. Projected remaining capacities for the Broward County Central Landfill shown above are
estimated by WMI.
2. Ash for Wheelabrator facility is disposed of at Broward County Central Landfill.
3. WMI does not allocate landfill space for any entity that is contracted to dispose at their
facilities.
Table 9.12 - Growth Limitations Based on Solid Waste Transfer Facility Capacity
Location
Key Largo
Long Key
Cudjoe Key
Total
Source: WMI, 2010
Solid Waste
TPD TPD TPD
133.33 250 750
133.33 250 750
133.33 250 750
400 j 250! 2250
The Remainder of This Page Intentionally Left Blank
28 Technical Document: May 2011
Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update
Bibliography
Monroe County, "Monroe County Public Facilities Capacity Assessment Report", 2008
Monroe County PWD-DSW/R "Recycling Brochure", 2010
Monroe County, "Monroe County Transfer Stations Operations and maintenance Agreement",
October 1993
Monroe County„ "Monroe County Public Facilities Capacity Assessment." 2008
Monroe County, "Renewal of Solid Waste Collection Franchise Agreements", 2009
U.S. Fish and Wildlife, "National Key Deer Refuge Brochure", 2000
http://apc.tamu.edu/keydeer/KDFacts.pdf
US Bureau of the Census, Comparison of Resident Population Estimates for Monroe County,
2000-2008
Solid Waste 29 Technical Document: May 2011
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