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Item 10 Sanitary SewerMonroe County Comprehensive Plan Update SANITARY SEWER Table of Contents Item 10.0 SANITARY SEWER....................................................................................................................................1 10.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................1 3 10.2 Regulatory Framework............................................................................................................ 3 10.2.1 Federal Regulation....................................................................................................... 10.2.2 State Regulation ............................................................................................................4 10.2.3 Local Regulation............................................................................................................ 8 10.3 Existing Facilities - General Description.........................................................................10 10.3.1 OSTDS Systems............................................................................................................11 10.3.2 On -Site Management Systems...............................................................................11 10.3.3 Central Sanitary Sewer Treatment Facilities...................................................12 10.4 Existing Facilities - Detailed Description........................................................................13 10.4.1 Current Level of Service Requirements.............................................................14 10.4.2 Wastewater Facilities................................................................................................14 10.5 Capacity Analysis......................................................................................................................21 10.5.1 Operational Responsibility and Proportional Capacity...............................21 10.5.2 Service Areas and Predominant Land Use........................................................21 10.5.3 Design Capacities of Wastewater Treatment Facilities ...............................22 10.5.4 Level of Service (2010)............................................................................................23 10.5.5 Performance, Problems, and Opportunities.....................................................24 10.6 Policy and Regulations............................................................................................................25 Bibliography 26 List of Tables Table P gZe Table 10.1: Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Wastewater Policies ...................................... 9 Table 10.2: Service Area per Sanitary Service Provider...................................................................13 Table10.3: BAT and AWT Standards.......................................................................................................14 Table 10.4: EDU Allocations per Wastewater Project.......................................................................15 Table 10.5: Capacity of Unincorporated Monroe County Sanitary Sewer Services Area ....22 Table 10.6: 2010 Demand vs Capacity....................................................................................................23 Table10.7: 2030 Demand vs Capacity....................................................................................................24 Sanitary Sewer i Technical Document: May 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update 10.0 SANITARY SEWER ELEMENT [Rule 9J-5.011, F.A.C.] The Sanitary Sewer Element of the Monroe County (County) Comprehensive Plan addresses the data inventory requirements of Rule 9J-5.005(2) and Rule 9J-5.011 of the Florida Administrative Code (F.A.C.) The Sanitary Sewer Element is a required comprehensive plan element under Florida's Local Government Comprehensive Planning and Land Development Regulation Act (Chapter 163.3177.6(c), F.S.) The purpose of the element is to address the issues and needs of sanitary sewer facilities that will be provided concurrently with the demand for services; to identify safe disposal methods for treated waste; and to establish the level of service for sanitary sewer. The Sanitary Sewer Element provides a description of the existing and projected sewage treatment and disposal methods in use in the County. 10.1 Introduction The sustainability of the marine ecosystem of the Florida Keys (the "Keys") is dependent upon clear water with low nutrient loading. Treatment of sewage and the disposal of wastewater within the County historically have been accomplished through septic tanks, on - site treatment and disposal systems (OSTDS), and small to intermediate sized privately - owned wastewater treatment package plants. With expansion and growth, regional systems consisting of treatment plants and centralized sewer have been built providing a greater level of collection and treatment. Several sewer districts, both private and municipal, have been formed to service more densely populated areas. Notwithstanding the above accomplishments, the Keys face the challenge of obtaining adequate funding sources to implement the extent of regional systems required to meet guidelines established by State and federal mandates. To further complicate the issue, in more sparsely populated areas, advanced methods of treatment are not generally economically feasible. Regulatory pressure and the implementation of numeric nutrient criteria increase the complexity of providing proper treatment of sewage. Current wastewater treatment practices, combined with severely limited soils and high land use densities result in increased potential for ground and surface water contamination. Over the last 20 years, aerobic treatment units (ATU) for more advanced onsite treatment and secondary treatment plants have been introduced. Although they provide better treatment than septic tanks, including effluent disinfection, ATUs are not an efficient means of removal of phosphorus and nitrogen. With the adoption of the Monroe County Sanitary Wastewater Master Plan (the "Master Plan") in June of 2000, the County has implemented a program to address these issues. The Master Plan addresses planned facilities, improvements, and expansion of regional facilities as well Sanitary Sewer 1 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update as programs working with the Department of Health (DOH) to administer code enforcement for septic tanks. The plan focuses on utilizing regional systems for treatment in hot spots (areas of high density) and alternative Best Available Technology (BAT) in cold spots (areas of low density). Although originally planned to provide compliance by July of 2010, the Master Plan has fallen short mainly due to a gap in funding. This section will compare the existing service capacity against the level of service required for compliance with regulatory standards for both existing and projected demands. The 2000 Master Plan identified 23,000 private onsite systems within unincorporated Monroe County, made up of septic tanks, ATUs, and unknown connections servicing a total of 4.88 million gallons per day (MGD). In addition, 246 small wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) were identified servicing another 2.40 MGD. The Master Plan called for several measures including the following: • Replacement or upgrade of onsite systems to Onsite Wastewater Nutrient Reduction Systems (OWNRS); • Creation of 12 community collection systems, five of which are to be phased into regional systems; • Address hot spots with community systems by 2010; and • Upgrade 17 facilities to BAT/Advanced Wastewater Treatment (AWT) by 2010. In addition, facilities were to be upgraded to accommodate water reuse programs and the distribution system was to be installed. The major drawbacks to reuse cited in the Master Plan include the lack of large users and economic feasibility. In the County's Annual Assessment Report Evaluating the Work Program Year 10 (May 2008), the Department of Community Affairs (DCA) noted the following conclusions from the Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) report to DCA: • While progress had been made, there is a long way to go toward compliance in terms of completion schedules and meeting the July 1, 2010 deadline. • Dozens of small facilities relying on connection to central systems will be out of compliance on that date. • The same will likely be true of a number of homeowners served by septic tanks and OSTDS. • FDEP would do whatever it could within its power to promote compliance assuming that the DOH would do the same to resolve the OSTDS requirements. The Keys Wastewater Plan - November 2007 Report, prepared by Monroe County Engineering Division at the request of the Florida House of Representatives Environmental and Natural Resources Council, identified progress of the individual projects along with local government responsibilities for specific facilities. The report included a summary of nine local governments and utility service areas providing centralized systems within Sanitary Sewer 2 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update unincorporated Monroe County. The executive summary of the report cited a funding gap of approximately $336 million in meeting the July 2010 date for compliance. In April 2010, the Florida Senate and House approved SB 2018 extending the deadline for compliance to the end of 2015, and postponing fines and potential liens against property owners. In addition, the bill authorized $200 million of State funding for improvements; however, the source of funding remains unresolved. Meeting the 2015 extension requires a detailed financial plan to implement necessary plant and infrastructure improvements. The funding gap of $330 million, which has already stretched the County's capacity for debt service, continues to broaden due to a delayed revenue stream resulting from delays in design and construction of new systems. Subsidizing costs is consistent with County's policy. The County is reluctant to impose assessments on residents for un-funded mandates that could result in home forfeitures and financial hardship. The varying costs among projects pose additional problems. For example, areas such as Cudjoe Regional System, projected at $20,000 per EDU, costs up to four times as much as other systems ranging from $5,000 to $10,000 per EDU. Improvements to Cudjoe Regional System could require supplemental funding to bring costs in -line with other systems to avoid an unreasonable burden to the residents. The County looks to State and Federal assistance to make up the difference. Because of uncertainties, all alternative avenues for funding need to be explored and implemented. Without a detailed financial plan and diligent pursuit of funding sources, there is concern that the 2015 extension may not be met. 10.2 Regulatory Framework [Rule 9]-S.011 (2), F.A.C] 10.2.1 Federal Regulation Pursuant to the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. §1251 et seq. (1972), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has authority to promulgate and administer regulations for sewage disposal and treatment. Implementation is delegated to the State of Florida through the FDEP. Once a wastewater management plan is approved, EPA may enter into agreement with the local government to implement. EPA is currently working through the details for implementation of Numeric Nutrient Reduction Standards. The specific criteria of this program are not yet identified; however, the intent of the program is to restrict, in measurable quantities, the discharge of pollutant loads to surface waters and ultimately coastal and subterranean waters. Sanitary Sewer 3 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update 10.2.2 State Regulation 10.2.2.1 Area of Critical State Concern: In 1975, due to concerns of the degradation of the marine ecosystem and continued pressures for expanded development, the DCA designated the Keys as an Area of Critical State Concern. Among other issues, this designation focused on programs including implementation of a comprehensive plan to address untreated sewage discharge into waters of the Keys. The County has since implemented a comprehensive planning process resulting in the Rate of Growth Ordinance (ROGO) and other efforts to manage impacts associated with development. 10.2.2.2 Five Year Work Program the "Work Pro ram" and the Florida Ke s CarrviU Capacity Study (FKCCS� In December 12, 1995, the Administration Commission found the 2010 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan not in compliance and ordered facilitated rulemaking/mediation to address outstanding issues. In July 1997, the Administration Commission proposed Rule 28-20.100, F.A.C., which introduced the concept of the Work Program requiring the following activities as it relates to wastewater: • Continued construction of wastewater facilities in hot spots begun in previous year. • Design and construction of additional wastewater treatment facilities in accordance with the schedule of a wastewater master plan. • Implementation of the FKCCS to establish development standards ensuring that all new development not exceed the capacity the ecosystem's ability to sustain impacts. • Complete elimination of cesspits. The FKCCS was tasked with providing specific recommendations, including adequate capital funding, protection of the environment, ensuring private property rights, providing for adequate affordable work force housing and meeting the goal of reducing the State's role in regulatory oversight. With respect to wastewater, the FKCCS used benchmarks to correlate impacts of nutrient loading on marine ecosystems and the level of sustainable development. The four key topics of discussion within the FKCCS include Terrestrial Habitat Protection, Allocation and Distribution of Growth, Affordable Housing, and Funding. Of the four topics, Allocation and Distribution of Growth, and Funding addressed recommendations related to wastewater. The Allocation and Distribution of Growth is addressed through ROGO with the establishment of 2,548 additional residential units within the County to be built over a ten-year period. The distribution of the residential units involves many factors and various stakeholders, but the principles of focusing new development and infill within partially developed areas and guiding future growth towards areas with existing or planned/funded wastewater systems are consistent with the goals of the FKCCS. °' 4 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update Finding adequate funding for the environmental and socioeconomic needs of the Keys is a difficult issue. The County has a relatively small population and a high number of tourists. The burden of playing catch-up with years of inadequate treatment facilities combined with the increase in housing costs associated with the tourist -based economy adds to the issue of affordable housing and economically feasible solutions; however, all current infrastructure requirements and waste disposal standards are to be upheld. Many potential sources for additional funding were presented for discussion including establishing tolls, residential impact fees, bed tax, Ad Valorem Tax, State and federal matching funds, and tourist -based sales tax. Although many tasks identified in the Master Plan remain incomplete, all are being addressed. The remaining tasks consist mainly of costly capital improvement projects for which funding remains the key issue to implementation. In November of 2010, under section 28-20.130, the requirements for the Work Program were updated by DCA. Under the revised Work Program, specific tasks and timelines are established to bring deficient systems into compliance. Among the rules are requirements for the County Comprehensive Plan to restrict permits for new development or redevelopment unless served by a central sewer system with committed funding; permitted by DEP and physically under construction or with an onsite sewage treatment facility shown to be in compliance with requirements of s.381.0065(4), F.S. Furthermore, the County must direct new and redevelopment to areas with committed funding, permit, and physically under construction. Rules specific to Wastewater Implementation include the following: • By July 1, 2011, the County shall evaluate annually and allocate funding for wastewater implementation with such funding identified in annual update to the Capital Improvements Element of the Comprehensive Plan. • By July 1, 2011, the County shall determine cold spots and unfounded service areas and provide a map delineating those areas. • By August 1, 2013, the County shall work with the owners of wastewater facilities, DEP, and DOH to fulfill requirements for compliance and coordinate notice and actions against owners that will not meet advanced wastewater requirements. • By August 1, 2011, the County shall adopt an ordinance establishing the upgrade program with implementation dates and enforcement procedures for on -site package plants. • By July 1, 2011, the County shall annually draft a resolution requesting $50 million of the $200 million of bonds authorized under Section 215.619, F.S. and appropriate sufficient dept service for the construction of wastewater projects within the Florida Keys. • By July 1, 2011, the County shall evaluate State and federal funding opportunities and apply annually to at least one State or federal grant program for wastewater projects. Sanitary Sewer 5 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe Coun Com rehensive Plan Update • By July 1, 2011, the County shall develop and implement local funding programs necessary for construction, operation, maintenance, and replacement of facilities. • By July 1, 2011, the County shall by resolution identify and delineate on a map areas served by central sewage facilities and those that will not be served by central facilities. • By July 1, 2011, in coordination with DEP, the County shall execute an interlocal agreement addressing non -service and unfunded service areas. The agreement shall address mechanisms for FKAA, DOH or DEP to provide upgrades and central management of onsite facilities located in non -service and unfounded areas. Furthermore, DOH and DEP will report to DCA with an assessment and magnitude of non-compliance and identify enforcement mechanisms needed to ensure upgrades. • By July 1, 2013, the County shall provide a report including addresses and parcel numbers of property owners that fail or refuse to connect to central sewer facilities within timeline required. This report will be submitted to DCA and shall describe status of enforcement actions and circumstances under which enforcement has or has not been initiated. Wastewater Projects and their associated timelines included in the rule amendment are as follows: • Key Largo Wastewater Treatment Facility. Key Largo Wastewater Treatment District is responsible for wastewater treatment in its service area and the completion of the Key Largo Wastewater Treatment Facility. - By July 1, 2011, Monroe County shall complete construction of the South Transmission Line; and - By July 1, 2011, Monroe County shall complete design of Collection basin C, E, F, G, H, I, J, and K; and By July 1, 2011, Monroe County shall complete construction of Collection basins E- H; and By July 1, 2011, Monroe County shall schedule construction of Collection basins I-K and ; By July 1, 2011, Monroe County shall complete construction of Collection basins I-K; and - By July 1, 2011, Monroe County shall complete 50 percent of hook-ups to Key Largo Regional WWTP; and By July 1, 2012, Monroe County shall complete 75 percent of hook-ups to Key Largo Regional WWTP; and. By July 1, 2013, Monroe County shall complete all remaining connections to Key Largo Regional WWTP. • Hawk's Cay, Duck Key and Conch Key Wastewater Treatment Facility. By March 1, 2012, Monroe County shall complete construction of Hawk's Cay WWTP upgrade/expansion, transmission, and collection system; and By July 1, 2013, Monroe County shall complete construction of Duck Key collection system; and Sanitary Sewer 6 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update By March 1, 2012, Monroe County shall initiate property connections to Hawk's Cay WWTP; and By December 31, 2012, Monroe County shall complete 50 percent of hook-ups to Hawk's Cay WWTP; and • South Lower Keys Wastewater Treatment Facility (Big Coppitt Regional System). - By July 1, 2012, Monroe County shall complete 75 percent hookups to South Lower Keys WWTP; and - By July 1, 2013, Monroe County shall complete all remaining connections to the South Lower Keys WWTP. • Cudjoe Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility. - By July 1, 2011, Monroe County shall complete planning and design documents for the Cudjoe Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility, the Central Area (Cudjoe, Summerland and Upper Sugarloaf) Collection System and the Central Area Transmission Main. (Plant is not being designed and/or constructed in phases.); and - By January 2012 Monroe County shall complete design and planning for Outer Area (Lower Sugarloaf, Torches, Ramrod, Big Pine Key) Collection System and Transmission Main; and - By October 1, 2011, Monroe County shall initiate construction of the wastewater treatment plant, the Central Area Collection System and Central Area Transmission Main); and - By July 1, 2014, Monroe County shall complete construction of Wastewater Treatment, Central Area Collection System and Central Area Transmission Main; and - By February 2012 Monroe County shall initiate construction of the Outer Area Collection System and Transmission Main; and - By February 2015 Monroe County shall complete construction of the Outer Area Collection System and Transmission Main; and - By July 1, 2014, Monroe County shall initiate property connections - complete 25 percent of hook-ups to Cudjoe Regional WWTP; and - By July 1, 2015, Monroe County shall complete 50 percent of hook-ups to Cudjoe Regional WWTP; and - By December 2015, Monroe County shall complete remaining hook-ups to Cudjoe Regional WWTP. 10.2.2.3 Department of Health Program for Compliance The DOH administers code enforcement for septic tanks within the Keys. The DOH regulates permits and establishes criteria for construction and certification of these facilities. 10.2.2.4 Chapter 163.3177, F.S. This statute encourages local governments to develop a "community vision" which provides for sustainable growth, recognizes fiscal constraints, and protects its natural resources. In Sanitary Sewer 7 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update addition, it calls for development of "urban service boundaries" which ensure the area is served (or will be served) with adequate public facilities and services. 10.2.2.5 91-5011 FAC This section of F.A.C. requires local governments to analyze the jurisdictional needs and capabilities or deficiencies of facilities in meeting the requirements established through this section. Local governments are required to provide information in the comprehensive plans to show compliance or plans for compliance including specific information for facilities identified; entity responsible for operation; service areas and service capacity; current and projected demands; and level of service provided. Among other requirements, local governments are to report on condition and performance of existing facilities and as well as problems and opportunities for improvement. 10.2.3 Local Regulation 10.2.3.1 Monroe County Sanitary Wastewater Master Plan The Monroe County Sanitary Wastewater Master Plan, adopted in June 2000, addresses the requirements addressed in 9J-5.011, F.A.C. The Master Plan identifies programs established to meet the demands and level of treatment necessary for compliance. 10.2.3.2 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan In accordance with 9J-5.011, F.A.C., local governments are required to address the following policy objectives in their comprehensive plans related to wastewater management in guiding development: • Protection and improvement of water quality by providing for the construction, operation, maintenance, and replacement of central sewage collection, treatment and disposal, and installation and proper operation and maintenance of onsite sewage treatment systems. • Establishment of construction schedules and capital financing plans for wastewater management improvements and standards for the construction of wastewater treatment facilities or collection systems. One way the County has responded to these requirements is by establishing the Master Plan and adoption of the following policies in the Sanitary Sewer element, which are summarized in Table 10.1. In addition, the County participated in research projects through the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, and published the document Reasonable Assurance Documentation (FKRAD -May 2008), which "provides reasonable assurance that the Sanitary Sewer 8 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update stakeholders in the Keys have provided or will implement sufficient control mechanisms to return the area's near shore waters to the water quality targets". The following elements were implemented to provide the reasonable assurance: Description of the Impaired Water, Description of the Water Quality and Aquatic Ecological Goals, Description of the Proposed Management Actions to Be Undertaken, Description of Procedures for Monitoring and Reporting Results, and Description of Proposed Corrective Actions. The FKRAD rules related to Wastewater Management have been incorporated into the County's master plan and policy decisions. Table 10.1- Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Wastewater Policies Policy No. Summary 901.16 Established January 4, 1998, as the deadline for adoption of permanent level of service standards for package treatment plants and on -site disposal systems (OSTDS) based on the findings of the Wastewater Master Plan and correlated amendments to the Land Development Regulations. 901.4.2 Amendment to the Building Code requiring notification to property owners issued building permits to complete hook-up to the central sewer facilities, pending availability within one year of becoming available, or as required as part of changes in State law or in level of service. 901.4.4 County agreement with EPA, FDEP, South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) regarding the scope of studies required to document pollutant loads from OSTDS, cesspits, package treatment plants, and other point and non -point sources on the Florida Keys into surrounding waters. These studies shall be executed according to the terms of the agreement, in coordination with the Water Quality Protection Program for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Upon execution of this agreement, the scope of the Sanitary Wastewater Master Plan shall be adjusted accordingly. 901.5.18 As part of the Sanitary Wastewater Master Plan, an inventory of all wastewater treatment plants and OSTDS areas shall be completed identifying: the entity having operation responsibility; current rated plant capacity; existing treatment status (number and type of hookups); - all future committed capacity (number and type of hookups); all facilities which fall below level of service standards identified in the Master Plan; costs associated with improving those facilities to meet minimum level of service standards; funding sources and construction schedules for those improvements; and average and peak flow design capacity for sanitary sewer facilities. 901.4.9 In the event Central Sewer Service becomes available (as defined by Chapter 10D-6) to areas served by OSTDS, owners of OSTDS within such areas shall have 365 days to connect to the centrals stem 901.5.8 County shall ensure that wastewater treatment facilities are designed and constructed in accordance with the adopted levels of service, so as to limit the discharge or introduction of pollutants 901.5.18 All existing development shall connect to public treatment plants where available within one year of the date of plant start-up. Source: Monroe County 2010 Compretiensrve Flan Sanitary Sewer 9 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update 10.3 Existing Facilities - General Description [Rule 9J-5.011 (1) (f), F.A.C.] Sanitary sewer treatment within the County is provided through a combination of regional systems, OSTDS, package plants, and septic tanks. Approximately 30 percent of the land mass is within the boundaries of incorporated areas of the County. The majority of the hot spots are located within the incorporated areas, accounting for roughly 75 percent of the total wastewater generated within the Keys. The Master Plan includes four major principles to improve wastewater management throughout the Keys: • Upgrade or replace existing onsite systems with onsite wastewater nutrient reduction systems (OWNRS) in cold spots; • Implement central community wastewater collection and treatment systems in hot spots; • When community treatment systems increase to the point where no longer economically feasible to operate as community systems, consolidate them into regional systems; and • Phase implementation of small regional systems and construct regional treatment plants so that interim community treatment systems are not necessary. With the implementation of the Master Plan, regional service areas have been delineated and total demands within each service area have been identified. The basic unit of measurement used in evaluation is an Equivalent Dwelling Unit (EDU). One EDU is equivalent to approximately 167 gallons per day (gpd) of wastewater. In accordance with Chapter 64E-6, F.A.C., the DOH has authority for issuing permits for onsite disposal systems. Chapter 64E-6, F.A.C. stipulates that the owner of a properly functioning onsite sewage treatment and disposal system must connect to an available publicly owned or investor -owned sewerage system within 365 days after the system is available for connection. The owner of the onsite system in need of repair of modification must connect to an available sewerage system within 90 days. Due to the designation as an Area of Critical State Concern, variances for compliance shall not be granted under any circumstances. In areas where injection wells are approved for use, the DOH is the permitting agent for ATUs where the daily domestic sewage flow will not exceed 2,000 gpd. For establishments with greater than 2,000 gpd, but less than 10,000 gpd, the DOH is the permitting authority for the ATUs, and the FDEP is the permitting agent for the injection wells. Owners of onsite systems must comply with the general maintenance and operational requirements of Chapter 64E-6, F.A.C., and any additional operation and maintenance Sanitary Sewer 10 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update requirements specified by the system design engineer. Onsite systems must be inspected by an approved maintenance entity at least two times each year. When site conditions are favorable and septic tank systems are properly designed, constructed, and maintained, they can be efficient and economical alternatives to centralized wastewater treatment systems. Under unfavorable site conditions, such as high septic tank density, high seasonal rainfall, shallow ground water, or highly permeable soils, OSTDS can be a significant source of nutrient and bacterial ground water contamination. Anderson et al. (1988), in their report regarding the impact of individual and small community sewage systems, indicated that virtually 100 percent of the soils in Monroe County are severely limited for conventional OSTDS practices. 10.3.1 OSTDS Systems Though alternative OSTDS systems have been shown generally to provide improved treatment of sewage relative to conventional septic tanks, further monitoring and evaluation of these systems by DOH is essential to ensure the protection of public health and water quality in the Keys. Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in wastewater may be reduced through specifically designed systems. Such systems may be utilized for OSTDS and package treatment plants. They must be carefully designed, constructed, operated and maintained to achieve the desired results. 10.3.2 On -Site Management Systems Various alternatives for on -site treatment and disposal of wastewater are available for use in the County. It is important, however, when choosing an alternative that each component combined to make a total system should meet the following basic criteria: • Produce an effluent of adequate quality for safe disposal; • Be simple (few mechanical parts; easy to maintain); • Be reliable (maintain consistent treatment); • Protect the aesthetic qualities of an area; and • Be acceptable to the homeowner or to the owner of another type of establishment (easy to use; creates no nuisance). In areas of low density, cold spots, where centralized systems are not economically feasible, the plan for treatment focuses on Best Available Technology (BAT). The term BAT refers to a practice that is determined to be the most effective, practical means of preventing or reducing the amount of pollution generated by nonpoint sources to a level compatible with water quality goals. The selection of an appropriate BAT will depend greatly upon site conditions such as land use, topography, slope, water table elevation, and geology. BAT selection must be very site specific so as to assure proper operation and prevent undesirable results such contamination of surface waters. Sanitary Sewer 11 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update 10.3.3 Central Sanitary Sewer Treatment Facilities The treatment plant component of the central sanitary sewer facility functions to remove l solid and organic materials from the sewage. Depending on the proportion of materias removed, processes which accomplish treatment are generally grouped into one of th following four categories: e • Primary Treatment Primary treatment removes between 30 and 35 percent of the organic materials and up to 50 percent of the solids from the sewage, and is the least expensive treatment. This level of treatment is also commonly referred to as physical treatment because screens and settling tanks are the most common methods used to remove the solids. • Secondary Treatment Secondary treatment removes approximately 90 percent of total organic materials and suspended solids from sewage, and is the most common level of treatment provided by centralized facilities. This level of treatment generally requires multiple steps involving one biological process and one or more processes for removal of suspended solids, and is more expensive than primary treatment. • Tertiary Treatment Sewage may also contain large quantities of synthetic organic compounds or inorganic chemicals which may create pollution problems if not removed. Tertiary treatment is any treatment process beyond secondary treatment. The most common tertiary processes remove compounds of phosphorous and nitrogen. One method of tertiary treatment is spray irrigation, such as the irrigation of the golf course at Key Colony Beach. Because of the extra processes required, tertiary treatment is more expensive than secondary treatment. • Advanced Wastewater Treatment (AWT) This term refers to tertiary treatment within the wastewater treatment plant itself to levels of water purity generally acceptable for discharge directly into surface waters. AWT standards are set by law (Section 403.086, F.S.) in Florida. Very few wastewater treatment facilities in the State of Florida meet the AWT treatment standards. Advanced waste treatment is the most expensive method of treatment due to the additional plant and operations costs. Sanitary Sewer 12 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update 10.4 Existing Facilities - Detailed Description [Rule 9J-5.011 (1) (e), F.A.C.] There are currently nine sanitary service providers within the County consisting of four municipalities, four private entities, and the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA). A summary of EDUs treated by each service provider is shown in Table 10.2. Table 10.2 - Service Area per Sanitary Service Provider Service Area Ocean Reef Agency/ Total EDUs Total Dernand 1'r _ ovider Within Service Within Service Area r rCapacity NKL Utility 1,800 0.30 Corp. Total Excess Treatryient I'lanned 0.47 0.17 Key Largo KLWTD 13,707 2.29 2.30 0.01 Village of Islamorada City 8,895 1.49 1.92 0.43 City of Layton FKAA 350 0.06 0.07 0.01 Duck Key/Conch Key FKAA 1,454 0.24 0.28 0.03 City of Marathon city 8,203 1.37 1.39 0.02 City of Marathon city 8,203 1.37 1.39 0.02 Cudjoe Regional * FKAA 7,987 1.33 1.18 -.15 Baypoint WWTS FKAA 430 0.07 0.07 0.045 Big Coppitt FKAA 1,711 0.29 0.32 0.04 Boca Chica US Navy 2,600 0.43 0.44 0.01 Key Haven FKAA 450 0.06 0.20 0.14 Stock Island KW Resort Util. Corp 2,672 0.45 0.45 0.00 City of Key West city 24,075 4.02 4.00 Totals 75,736 12.65 13.04 0.54 Source: Keys Wastewater Plan - 2007, Report to Environmental and Natural Resources Council, h HH * Includes North Lower Keys, Big Pine Key, Ramrod, Middle Lower keys, Summerland, Upper and Lower Sugarloaf. This table inventories the number of EDUs within each service area to be treated through existing or planned wastewater projects. The table uses a conversion factor of 167 gpd per EDU to convert demand to MGD for comparison against capacity created in treatment facilities. This section provides a summary of the wastewater systems for each service provider and identifies the treatment capacities provided by individual facilities within their respective service area. Sanitary Sewer 13 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Com rehensive Plan U date 10.4.1 Current Level of Service Requirements In 1999, the Florida Legislature established binding treatment and disposal requirements for wastewater management including central treatment facilities regulated by FDEP and OSTDS regulated by the DOH. A standard of treatment was established for OSTDS and sewage treatment plants with a deadline for compliance of July 1, 2010. Facilities with less than 100,000 gpd were to apply Best Available Technology (BAT) standards, while facilities producing greater than 100,000 gpd apply AWT standards. Table 10.3 indicates the standards applied to each. Table 10.3 - BAT and AWT Standards BAT standards apply to facilities with design capacities less than 100,000 gpd (generally, OSTDS and "package plants") 10 10 10 1 AWT standards apply to facilities with design capacities equal to or greater than 100,000 gpd (community and central wastewater treatment systems) 5 5 3 1 Source: FDEP Report to DCA, 10 yr Work Program April 2008 10.4.2 Wastewater Facilities The most common type of centralized sanitary sewer system is the localized small sewage treatment facility, or "package plant" as they are commonly known. Large scale municipal sanitary sewer systems which generally provide services to densely populated areas are another type of centralized facility. These centralized facilities are comprised of three components which perform the basic functions of collection, treatment and disposal of sewage. There are nine sanitary sewer service providers serving 15 associated service areas located throughout the County. For the most part, service areas within incorporated areas coincide with the limits of incorporation. The four service areas served by regional service providers within incorporated areas include the Village of Islamorada, Key Colony Beach, City of Marathon, and the City of Key West; the City of Layton is served by FKAA. Within unincorporated Monroe County, there are five regional service providers: North Key Largo Utility Corp., Key Largo Wastewater Treatment District, Key West Resort Utilities Corp., Stock Island, and FKAA. FKAA provides service to seven of the 15 service areas previously identified. A graphical representation of both the incorporated and unincorporated Regional Service Areas is provided in Map Series 10.1. This map also shows the total treatment capacity within each service and estimated demands (number of EDUs). Sanitary Sewer 14 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update Regional systems are regulated through FDEP, and as such, are subject to the same State and Federal regulations. Because each regional service provider is accountable for compliance, responsibility for service areas within incorporated areas typically falls with the municipality they serve. With the exception of the City of Layton that is served through FKAA, each municipal and private provider is independent of one another. The total EDUs for each service area is summarized in Table 10.4. The table shows progress made toward accounting for EDUs in implementing the various wastewater projects. Table 10.4 - EDU Allocations per Wastewater Project Wastewater Project Ocean Reef Total EDUs 1,800 Planning EDUs Design EDIJs Construction EDtJs 20 Connections Completed 1,780 Remaining 0 Key Largo 13,707 5,483 3,617 3,618 789 989 Village of Islamorada 8,895 7,695 1,200 0 City of Layton 350 317 33 Duck Key/Conch Key 1,4541 1,021 433 City of Marathon 8,203 137 0 7121 945 0 City of Key Colony 1,502 1,502 0 Cudjoe Regional * 7,987 922 7065 0 0 Baypoint WWTS 430 281 149 0 Big Coppitt 1,711 818 893 0 Boca Chica 2,6001 2,600 0 Key Haven 450 450 0 Stock Island 2,672 2,672 0 City of Key West 2,4075 24,075 0 Total 75,736 13,596 4539 18,642 38,393 1,455 Source: Keys Wastewater Plan - 2007, Report to Environmental and Natural Resources Council, MR * Includes North Lower Keys, Big Pine Key, Ramrod, Middle Lower keys, Summerland, Upper and Lower Sugarloaf. Hook-up of individual services does not correlate directly with construction of collection system or plant improvements. "Remaining EDU's" reflect those not yet connected, in some state of design, or under construction. 10.4.2.1 Village of Islamorada The Village of Islamorada is sub -divided into five separate collection and treatment basins in varying states of completion. Total 8,895 EDUs; capacity 2.06 MGD. Sanitary Sewer 15 Technical Document: May 2011 North Plantation Key EDUs to be treated: Treatment Capacity: Type of treatment: Status: South -Plan - Kev EDUs to be treated: Treatment Capacity: Type of treatment: Status: Windlev Key EDUs to be treated: Treatment Capacity: Type of treatment: Status: Upper Matecumbe EDUs to be treated: Treatment Capacity Type of treatment: Status: Lower Matecumbe EDUs to be treated: Treatment Capacity: Type of treatment: Status: Monroe County Comprehensive Plan U date 1,400 EDUs (.17 MGD) 1,800 EDUs (.30 MGD) AWT Plant construction completed. Collection system serving 1,200 EDUs. 1,796 EDUs (.30 MGD) 1,800 EDUs (.30 MGD) AWT Status unknown. 804 EDUs (.13 MGD) 804 EDUs (.13 MGD) AWT Status unknown. 3,628 EDUs (.60 MGD) 3,590 EDUs (.60 MGD) AWT Status unknown. 3,063 EDUs (.51 MGD) 3,532 EDUs (.59 MGD) AWT Status unknown. 10.4.2.2 Key Colony Beach The Key Colony Beach central collection system was constructed in 1960. Despite ongoing repairs to infiltration and inflow, this project is compliant with 2010 effluent standards. KeY CoIQDy Beach EDUs to be treated: 1,500 EDUs (.25 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 1,500 EDUs (.25 MGD) Type of treatment: AWT Status: Plant construction completed. Basin is compliant. 10.4.2.3 Marathon The City of Marathon is sub -divided into seven separate collection and treatment basins in varying states of completion. Total 8,203 EDUs; capacity 1.38 MGD Sanitary Sewer 16 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update Service Area 1. Knight's Kev EDUs to be treated: 138 EDUs (.023 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 138 EDUs (.023 MGD) Type of treatment: BAT Status: In process of redevelopment; the City is partnering with a private developer to provide BAT plant. City will design and construct collection system to convey wastewater to new plant. Service Area 2. Boot Kev EDUs to be treated: 4 EDUs (.0006 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 4 EDUs (.0006 MGD) Type of treatment: BAT Status: Under construction. Service Area 3. Vaca Key (westl EDUs to be treated: 1,479 EDUs (.247 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 1,500 EDUs (.25 MGD) Type of treatment: Nutrient Removal Status: Under construction. Service Area 4. Vaca Key (centrall EDUs to be treated: 2,389 EDUs (.399 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 2,395 EDUs (.40 MGD) Type of treatment: Nutrient Removal with Club. Status: Under construction. effluent re -use to Sombrero County Service Area 5, Vaca Key (eastl EDUs to be treated: 2,935 EDUs (.490 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 2,988 EDUs (.499 MGD) Type of treatment: AWT Status: Served through expansion of existing Little Venice Plant. Under construction. Service Area 6. Fat Deer Key (west1 EDUs to be treated: 928 EDUs (.155 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 928 EDUs (.155 MGD) Type of treatment: Package Plant Status: Served through vacuum collection and upgrade to existing package plant. Under construction. Sanitary Sewer 17 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update Service Area 7 Grassy Kev EDUs to be treated: 1,500 EDUs (.063 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 1,500 EDUs (.063 MGD) Type of treatment: BAT Status: Large densely populated are served by relocation of two BAT plants. Under construction. 10.4.2.4 CitY of Key West The City of Key West operates a wastewater treatment facility constructed in 1989. The system encountered Infiltration and Inflow (I&I) problems approximately ten years ago releasing extensive fecal coliform into nearshore waters. The City has implemented corrective measures since then including I&I testing and repairs to sewer systems; accelerated Capital Improvement Programs (CIP) related to sewer repair/replacement; constructed a Class 1 deep injection well to eliminate ocean outfall; accelerated retrofit of the WWTP to meet AWT standards; and other pro -active measures. Key West WWTP EDUs to be treated: 24,075 EDUs (4.02 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 23,952 EDUs (4.0 MGD) Type of treatment: AWT Status: System functioning under routine maintenance; compliant with 2010 wastewater Standards. 10.4.2.5 City of Layton Through partnership with FKAA, the City of Layton wastewater system serves the entire city. No future projects are currently planned for this system. Layton BAT EDUs to be treated: 350 EDUs (.06 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 385 EDUs (.066 MGD) Type of treatment: BAT Status: System compliant with 2010 wastewater standards. 10.4.2.E Ocean Reef Ocean Reef is a privately operated system with a secondary treatment facility to accommodate reuse. Sanitary Sewer 18 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update Ocean Reef EDUs to be treated: 1,800 EDUs (.30 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 2,814 EDUs (.47 MGD) Type of treatment: AWT Status: Re -use distribution system in place. System compliant with 2010 wastewater standards. 10.4.2.7 Key Largo Key Largo wastewater treatment is provided through a WWTP and collection sub -divided among 11 basins identified as A through K. Improvements are in varying states of completion. Total EDUs 13,707; total capacity 2.30 MGD. Key Largo WWTP EDUs to be treated: 13,707 EDUs (2.29 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 13,772 EDUs (2.3 MGD) Type of treatment: AWT Status: Treatment plant is active, but connections are minimal. System in various stages of completion. 10.4.2.8 Stock Island Stock Island is a privately operated system operated by Key West Resort Utility Corporation. An upgrade was completed to bring the secondary treatment plant to AWT. Stock Island EDUs to be treated: 2,672 EDUs (.45 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 2,695 EDUs (.45 MGD) Type of treatment: AWT Status: System compliant with 2010 wastewater standards. 10.4.2.9 Unincorporated Monroe/FKAA FKAA operates a total of six wastewater systems within unincorporated Monroe County (does not include Layton). Total EDUs 10,281; total capacity 2.30 MGD. North Lower Keys (Big Pine) EDUs to be treated: 4,478 EDUs (.75 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 4,790 EDUs (.80 MGD) Type of treatment: AWT Status: Under design, construction on hold pending funding. (Incorporated into Cudjoe Regional System) Sanitary Sewer 19 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update Middle Lower Ke�(Cudjoel EDUs to be treated: 2,852 EDUs (.47 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 13,372 EDUs (.3 MGD) Type of treatment: AWT Status: Under design, construction on hold pending funding. (Incorporated into Cudjoe Regional System) South Lower Kev�Big Coppitt) EDUs to be treated: 1,711 EDUs (.29 MGD) Treatment Capacity: 1,916 EDUs (.32 MGD) Type of treatment: AWT Status: Treatment plant is active. Bavpoint EDUs to be treated: Treatment Capacity: Type of treatment: Status: Duck and Conch Keys EDUs to be treated: Treatment Capacity: Type of treatment: Status: Lower Sugarloaf EDUs to be treated: Treatment Capacity: Type of treatment: Status: Sanitary Sewer System Complete. 429 EDUs (.07 MGD) 430 EDUs (.07 MGD) BAT Treatment plant is active. System complete. 1,454 EDUs (.24 MGD) 1,677 EDUs (.28 MGD) Secondary WWTP Facility Constructed, updated to AWT standards. 657 EDUs (.11 MGD) 480 EDUs (.08 MGD) BAT Under design, construction on hold pending funding. (Incorporated into Cudjoe Regional System) The Remainder of This Page Intentionally Left Blank 20 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update 10.5 Capacity Analysis Although unincorporated Monroe County includes approximately 70 percent of the County landmass, it accounts for only 25 percent of the total sanitary sewer demand; the majority of demand is treated by municipal service providers. Service within unincorporated Monroe County is provided through both private and public facilities. This section references facilities within unincorporated Monroe County only. 10.5.1 Operational Responsibility and Proportional Capacity [Rule 9J-5.011(1)(d) and (e), F.A.C.] Through the Wastewater Master Plan, many regional improvements including facilities and collection systems have been identified. Both demand and treatment capacities for each service area have been accounted for and tabulated. The summary of capacities for unincorporated Monroe is presented here by region; Upper, Middle, and Lower Keys. A baseline was established using the planned EDU's for each service area and converting to a population. This number was compared against the projected unincorporated functional population distribution by sub -area. In comparing the 2010 population report to the population served within the service areas, the numbers deviate slightly but are within 10 percent. The explanation for this is the exacting nature of delineating service areas vs. the general approach to population on a regional basis. In addition, capacities for service areas do not incorporate those systems to remain on septic through DOH. It should be noted that this comparison is based on planned improvements. The level of completion of improvements within each service area varies. 10.5.2 Service Areas and Predominant Land Use [Rule 9J-5.011(1)(e)2., F.A.C.] The service areas for unincorporated Monroe County have been separated into Upper, Middle, and Lower Keys to align with the 2010-2030 population projections. These service areas are made up of a combination of public and private systems as follows: • Upper Keys: Key Largo Wastewater Treatment District Ocean Reef (private system) • Middle Keys: Duck Key Service Area (servicing Duck and Conch Keys) • Lower Keys: Cudjoe Regional Service Area Big Coppitt Service Area Baypoint Service Area (institutional) Boca Chica Key/NAS (institutional) Key Haven Service Area (private) Stock Island (private) Other miscellaneous private service areas Sanitary Sewer 21 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update The limits and location of these service areas are identified on Map Series 10.1. Additional development and expansion of service is not expected to occur due to the restricted land use. However, the shift from permanent to seasonal occupation of units results in an increase of the functional population and associated increase in the number of persons per household. This increase translates to approximately a 3.6 percent increase in demand for the Upper, Middle, and Lower Keys. 10.5.3 Design Capacities of Wastewater Treatment Facilities [Rule 9J-5.011 (1)(e)3., F.A.C.] Table 10.5 identifies the capacity for treatment through various planned improvements. The table depicts capacity in MGD, EDU's, and Population for each service area within unincorporated Monroe County. A conversion factor of 2.27 persons per EDU was used to determine Population Capacity. Table 10.5 - Capacity of Unincorporated Monroe County Sanitary Sewer Services Area UPPER KEYS Key Largo Ocean Reef KLWTD 2.30 13,772 ! 31,263 NKU UTIL. 0.47 2,814 6,389 SUBTOTAL = 2.77 16,587 37,652 i MIDDLE KEYS Duck Key/Conch Key ' FKAA 0.28 1,677 Not Applicable 3,806 Lon Key (N.A N/A N/A N/A SUBTOTAL = �O28 1,677 3,806 I LOWER KEYS Cudjoe FKAA 1.33 1 7,964 18,078 Big Co it Baypoint FKAA FKAA 0.32 1,916 4,350 Boca Chica US NAVY 0.07 1 0.44 419 ' 680 KeyHaven FKAA 0.2 01 2,635 1,198 5,981 i KW RESORT 2,714 Stock Island UTIL. 0.45 ! 2,695 6,117 SUBTOTAL-- 2.81 16,907 37,924 *Pnniiinfinn + 7 77 Sanitary Sewer 22 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update The total capacity by population aligns with the projections for functional population. Table 10.6 shows a more detailed comparison of population within each service area against capacity. 10.5.4 Level of Service (2010) [Rule 9J-5.011(1)(e)4. and 5., and (f)1.a.,F.A.C.] Expanding upon Table 10.5, Table 10.6 shows the relationship between the 2010 demands and capacity of planned improvements to accommodate such demands and a percent utilized as an indication of surplus capacity for each service area. Assuming service area capacities properly account for peak flows, a utilization rate of 100 percent indicates ..that no additional EDU's can be treated without further plant expansion. Table 10.6 - 2010 Demand vs. Capacity Capacity Capacity Demand NUrpJJS/-*CIIUIL r CI LCIIL Service Area 1 UPPER KEY Key Largo 2.30 13,772 113,707 65 100% Ocean Reef 0.47 2,814 1,800 1,014 64% MIDDLE Duck Key/Conch 0.28 1,677 1,454 223 87% Key Long Key NA NA NA NA LOWER KEYS Cudjoe 1.33 1 7,964 7,987 23 >100 0 Big Co it 0.32 1,916 1,711 205 89% Baypoint 0.07 419 430 (11) >100% Boca Chica 0.44 2,635 2,600 35 99% Key Haven 0.20 1,198 450 748 38% Stock Island 0.45 2,695 2,672 23 99% Following projected growth rates of 3.6 percent for the Upper, Middle, and Lower Keys, Table 10.7 expands upon Table 10.6 showing additional demands against capacity of planned improvements. Sanitary Sewer 23 Technical Document: may zutl Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update Table 10.7 - 2030 Demand vs. Capacity 10.5.5 Performance, Problems, and Opportunities [Rule 95-5. 011 (1)(f)2. and 3., FAC] The capacities and demands for the previous tables are for planned improvements in various states of completion. A more detailed analysis of existing connections and level of service are identified in the analysis of existing conditions. The primary obstruction hindering implementation has been funding. All proposed improvements at or above 100 percent utilization should be further analyzed to ensure conformance with future demands. In addition, the reallocation of demands from Permanent to Functional Population and the migration from Upper to Lower Keys may result in the need to confirm plant capacities. One uncertainty is the impact that the pending EPA Water Quality Standards for the State of Florida's Lakes and Flowing Waters and Marine Systems, 40 CFR, part 131, may have on both existing and proposed facilities. The mandates associated with this program may introduce additional requirements for treatment and result in further improvements to both regional and small private facilities. Sanitary Sewer 24 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Comprehensive Plan Update 10.6 Policy and Regulations [Rule 9J-5.011 (2) (c), FAQ The most significant issue in implementing the proposed wastewater plan is the lack of funding and construction of proposed improvements. Of the total number of EDUs treated through the ongoing programs, only 45 percent have resulted in hook-ups being made. Some of the recommendations to overcome fiscal impacts suggested in the Master Plan are as follows: • FKAA and County to pursue uniform fee structure to enable implementation to less dense areas to level out impact and connection fees. • Pursue State and federal grants with FKAA to supplement costs. • A Memorandum of Understanding between FKAA and County was established identifying FKAA as the service provider, except for municipal areas. • Acquire necessary land to accommodate future facilities and expansion. • Develop standards and hook-up requirements for hot spots in coordination with DOH. The Remainder of This Page Intentionally Left Blank Sanitary Sewer 25 Technical Document: May 2011 Monroe County Com rehensive Plan Update Bibliography Anderson, D.L., J.M. Rice, M.L. Voohees, R.A. Kirner, and K.M. Sherman, 1987, In On -Site Wastewater Treatment. Department of Community Affairs, "Annual Assessment Report, Florida Keys Area of Critical State Concern", July 2007. Department of Environmental Protection, "Report to Department Community Affairs, 10- year Work Program for Monroe, Florida Keys Wastewater Improvements", April 2008. Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority, "Lower Keys Wastewater Master Plan Update' November 2008 Workshop. FDEP, "Florida Keys Area Reasonable Assurance Documentation - North, Central, South- Centera and Southern", May 2008. Monroe County Comprehensive Plan, Technical Document, Element 10.0, 2000. Monroe County, "Keys Wastewater Plan" - November 2007, Report to Environmental and Natural Resources Council, Florida House of Representatives. Monroe County, "Monroe County Sanitary Wastewater Master Plan", June 2000. 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