Resolution 350-1991
RESOLUTION NO. 350-1991 .
.
A RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSION-
ERS OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA, ADOPTING THE NEW
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
MANUAL.
F'I r n ,i1 ;,' ;'::-!' n i
. I... .
.91 OCT 17 P 3 :,
WHEREAS, Florida Statute 440.56 requires Monroe County, as
an employer, to furnish employment which shall be safe for the'
employees therein, furnish and use safety devices and saf~mm'r,rj~j 1 \, ~
guards, adopt and use methods and processes reasonably adequate
to render such an employment and place of employment safe, and
do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life,
health, and safety of such employees; and
WHEREAS, Florida Statute 442.115 requires that employers
furnish employees with instruction on the nature and effects of
each toxic substance that is present in the workplace; and
WHEREAS, the current Monroe County Safety policies and
Procedures Manual has not been updated in over four years and
does not cover all required areas; and
WHEREAS, the new Monroe County Safety Policies and Proce-
dures Manual has been brought up-to-date and establishes a
comprehensive County Safety program; and
WHEREAS, in addition to County functions and agencies di-
rectly under the purview of the Board of County Commissioners,
other County agencies are hereby invited to participate in this
program.
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMIS-
SIONERS OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA, that the new Monroe County
Safety Policies and Procedures Manual is hereby adopted and
that all Safe'ty efforts shall receive full support of the Com-
mission and all County staff, so as to protect the health, safe-
ty, and welfare of its most valuable assets, its employees and
the public that it serves.
PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Board of County Commissioners of
Monroe County, Florida, ~t a regular meeting of said Board held
on the 'H day of ~+, ~e...t- 1991.
Mayor Harvey
Mayor Pro Tern London
Commissioner Cheal
Commissioner Jones
Commissioner Stormont
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
(SEAL)
ATTEST: DANNY L. KOLHAGE, CLERK
BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
OF MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA
By:
By:
~~-
~- ,." . - -, "
Mayor/Chairman
:~
"
. -
SAFETY POLICIES
AND
PROCEDURES MANUAL
OCTOBER 1991
______J
SAFETY POLICIES
AND
PROCEDURES MANUAL
OCTOBER 1991
. I SAFETY NOTESI
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY POLICIES AND PROCEDURES MANUAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS'
PART I - Monroe County Safety and Accident Prevention Program................!
SECTION 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
SECTION 2.
SECTION 3.
SECTION 4.
SECTION 5.
SECTION 6.
SECTION 7.
SECTION 8.
SECTION 9.
Pol icy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Responsibilities...........
Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Division/Department Heads......
Division/Department Safety Representatives..
Supervisory Personnel....... ........
Safety Director..............
Employee Benefits Section...
Employees Responsibilities..
. . .3
. . .3
.4
......5
.....6
. . .8
.9
.9
Reporting Requirements for Injuries, Accidents,
and Property Damages......
Purpose of Records......
Def initions. .
Forms. . . . . .
Procedures.
Employee. . .
Supervisor..
Notice of Injury...
Accident Investigation Report...
Safety Director.......................
Vehicle
..10
. . . .10
. .11
. .12
....12
....13
..13
. .13
. . . . .14
.15
safety Inspections.........................................15
Monthly Employee Safety Meetings...........................16
Monroe County Safety Committees............................16
Safety Training Programs..
Personnel. .
On-the-Job. ......
Division Safety Representative Training..
Specialized.................. .........
Supplemental Safety Training. ......
Defensive Driving Course... ......
. .17
..17
...17
.18
.18
..18
. .19
Safety Awards & suggestion Program...........
Safety Awards...... ....... .........
Safety Suggestions..
....19
. .19
...19
SECTION 10. Safety Enforcement........................................ .19
SECTION 11.
County Driver Permits..
....21
..21
....21
....22
...22
Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Qualifications
Guidelines....
Definitions...
for Issuance of Driver Permit.
SECTION 12. Monroe County Safety/Accident Review Board.................23
EXHIBITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
PART II - Monroe County Safety and Accident Prevention Program..............29
SECTION 1. Introduation............................................. .31
SECTION 2.
SECTION 3.
SECTION 4.
SECTION 5.
SECTION 6.
Safety Program Element Descriptions.................
Hazard Reporting......... .......
Safety Bulletin Boards... ......
Unit Safety Inspections.. ....... ......
Hazard Reduction Program. ..........
Nonsupervisory Personnel Training...
Investigating and Reporting Mishaps..........
Mishap Notification procedures..
Supervisor Safety Training...............
Unit Safety Representative.......
Division Safety Management Books.
Crosstells/Communiques...........
Sample Job Safety Training Outline........................62
Division Safety Program.
Division Director...
Inspections........
Unit Safety Representatives........
Facilities..............
Safety training.
Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Occupational Safety and Health........
Bulletin Boards.... .............
Off-the-Job Safety.
Division Safety Program Evaluation Checklist...
Job Safety Analysis(JSA)...............
Select the Job......
Break Down the Job.. .......
Identify Hazards and Potential Accidents..
Develop Solutions.........................
Benefits of JSA............................
Job Safety Daily Briefing and Operator's Checklist.
Safety Program...................................
Sample JSA.......................................
Sample Supervisor's Daily Safety Briefing Guide..
Sample Operator's Checklist............ .......
Sample Abreviated Operator's Checklist. .......
Hazard Classification Codes(HCC).....
Purpose...........
Scope. . . . .
Training.......
Hazard/Risk
Hazard/Risk
.........37
. . . . . . . . .39
...40
. . .41
. .42
.43
. . . .43
. . . .43
..44
. . . . . . . . .44
. . . .45
. . . .53
.55
.55
.56
....57
...57
. . .58
. .59
. .59
..60
.60
. .61
....67
...69
. . . . 69
...70
....71
. . . .72
..72
....73
.. 74
. . . . 84
....85
. . . .86
.........87
. . .89
...89
. . .89
Assessment System.. .....89
Assessment Matrix.............................91
Accident Investigation.
Introduction...........
Investigation Process...... ........ .......
List of Unsafe Acts.............................
Causal Factors and Possible Corrective Actions...
Hazardous Condition.. ........
Environment...............
People. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal Protective Equipment.....
Management Systems.........................
Determining Preventability of Vehicle Accidents..
. .93
.....95
.....95
...99
. .101
. .101
.103
....104
. .105
. .106
..108
SECTION 7.
SECTION 8.
SECTION 9.
SECTION 10.
SECTION 11.
SECTION 12.
SECTION 13.
Hazardous Materials Safety Program. ....... ..113
Hazardous Properties............... ...... ..115
Working With Hazardous Materials. .................116
How to Protect Your Health. ......118
Hazard Evaluation.. ............ ......121
Labels............. ........... ...... ..127
Employee Training Program... .................. ..139
Sample Hazard Communication Program.............. ..164
Lockout/Tagout Program.............. ..168
General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
Purpose. ....... .............. .170
Terminology Used.................. .......170
Definitions...... ...... .............170
Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Safety Rules and Procedures..............
General Safety Rules...................
Back Injury Prevention.. .................
Slips, Trips and Falls. .......
General Lifting Rules.. .....................
Office Safety........................
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome........
Fire Safety........
Electrical Safety.......... ......
Vehicle Safety... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Poisonous Snakes, Scorpions, and Spiders...
Poisonous Plants................... . . . . . .
Lightning Strike Injury Prevention..
Machine Shop Operations.............
Personal Protective Equipment.......
Powered Industrial Trucks, Including Forklifts and
Hand Trucks....................... . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor Vehicle Maintenance Shops....... ........
Safety in Construction, Buildings & Grounds
Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.176
.178
. . . . . 180
.....184
.....189
.191
.197
. . . . . . . . .202
. . . . . . . .210
........216
..........221
. . . . . . . . . .230
. .240
......241
. . . . . .243
. .245
..247
. .251
. .254
. .256
Off-the-Job Safety...........
Dealing with an Angry Person.
.......................
.......................
System 7 Safety Program Responsibilities....... ...263
Management Involvement & Support............... ...265
Assignment of Responsibility................. ......266
Maintenance of Safe Working Conditions....... ...270
Employee Training.................. . . . . . . . .272
Recordkeeping and Reporting........ ............ ..275
First Aid and Medical Assistance.. ...................276
Employee Awareness, Acceptance and Participation........277
Safety Inspection Checklist.............................279
Monroe County Safety Office Materials/Equipment List....303
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325
Monroe County Safety Forms..............................308
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
[SAFETY NOTES I
PART I
y
- SAFETY AND ACCIDENT
... PREVENTION PROGRAM
OCTOBER 1991
ISAFETY NOTES I
2
SAFETY
AND
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
PROGRAM
MONROE COUNTY
SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION
SCOPE
THE MONROE COUNTY SAFETY AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROGRAM is estab-
lished for the purpose of providing specifically defined goals
and objectives to be attained for the safety, health and welfare
of all employees and protection of the public.
The provi sions of the PROGRAM and POLICIES contained herein are
designed to provide viable guidelines for management and employ-
ees and shall be carried out in a manner that all benefit from
its contents.
The PROGRAM is established subsidiary to and complimentary with
all Federal, State, and Local regulations.
SECTION 2 - PO~ICY
It is the policy of the Monroe County Board of County Commission-
ers to provide and maintain a safe and healthful work environment
and to establish operating practices that will safeguard the
welfare of its employees and the public.
Implementation and integration of the Safety Policy is highly
dependent on all levels of management. Identification and correc-
tion of potentially hazardous operations will be given prompt and
posi ti ve action by management. The perception of unequivocal
support by management is mandatory for an effective safety pro-
gram.
No assets warrant greater attention than human resources. To
that end, personal safety, safety equipment and facilities should
never be jeopardized under the guise of operational necessity.
SECTION 3 - RESPONSIBILITIES
MANAGEMENT
A. The County Administrator has been delegated responsibility
for developing an effective and an ongoing Safety and Acci-
dent Prevention Program.
3
staff direction and management
plished by the Safety Director,
the County Administrator.
of the plan will be accom-
wi th authority delegated by
Each employee will be responsible for implementing the provi-
sions of the Program as it pertains to operations under
hisjher jurisdiction. The responsibilities listed are MINI-
MUM and they s~all in no way be construed to limit individual
initiative to implement more comprehensive procedures to curb
risks.
DIVISION/DEPARTMENT BEADS
B. DivisionjDepartment Heads will be responsible and accountable
for preventable accidents and for compliance with the provi-
sions of these policies within hisjher DivisionjDepartment.
The Division/Department Head will ensure:
(1) Compliance with occupational Safety, fire prevention,
and health requirements.
(2) Division and Department (unit) Safety Representatives
are designated.
(3)
All hazardous tasks are
work rules to minimize
property damage.
covered by specific published
the potential for injury and
(4) All p.ersonnel are briefed and fully understand safety
work procedures and existing policy that enforces their
use.
(5) All personnel are trained in the accepted way each haz-
ardous task must be accomplished.
(6) All personnel are instructed and understand the need for
and use specific personal protective equipment for Haz-
ardous tasks.
(7) Necessary safety equipment and protective devices for
each task are available and properly used.
(8) Monthly Safety meetings are held to review accidents,
analyze their causes, provide safety training, and pro-
mote free discussion of hazardous work problems and
possible solutions.
(9)
Personnel are
and comments,
are feasible.
encouraged to submit safety suggestions
and to insure the adoption of those that
(10) All accidents are thoroughly investigated, recorded and
promptly reported.
4
(11) Prompt corrective action is taken wherever hazards are
recognized or unsafe acts observed.
(12) Monthly review of hazards with a hazard classification
code of A3, B2, Cl or above and establish priorities for
their correction.
(13) Each Supervisor is held accountable for preventable
injuries, liabilities, and accidents incurred by hisfher
employees.
(14) All equipment, materials,
tained in a satisfactory
prevention standpoint.
and work conditions are main-
condition from an accident
(15) The Safety Director is contacted when assistance is
needed in implementing the Safety Program.
(16) Necessary action is initiated to assure compliance with
safety requirements established for extremely hazardous
conditions, locations, and operations to include notifi-
cation to the Safety Director prior to the start of any
such operation.
(17) Adequate Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation/First Aid
training to have at least one trained employee on duty
during normal working hours.
(18) All injured personnel, regardless how minor the injury,
recei ve prompt medical attention and that the circum-
stances causing the injury are investigated and the
required accident reports submitted.
(19) Safety commi ttees/Uni t Safety representatives are used
to maintain continuity in the Safety Program.
(20) Personnel are scheduled for formal safety training.
(21) Toxic-Hazardous materials are identified, handled, and
stored properly.
(22) A lockout/tagout program is establi shed and maintained
where applicable.
DIVISION/DEPARTMENT SAFETY REPRESENTATIVES
C. One Division Safety Representative will be appointed by the
Division Director. Each larger Department (or Section) will
have a Safety Representative appointed by the Division Direc-
tor or Department Director. These Representatives will make
up the Safety Committee(s) for the Division.
DivisionjDepartment Safety Representatives shall:
(1) Manage the Division Safety Program.
5
(2) Conduct and document workplace safety evaluations and
inspections and report results monthly to the Division
Director.
(3) Process and maintain Hazard Reports in the Division
Safety Management Book.
(4) Review workers' compen~ation claims involving occupation-
al injuries and illnesses.
(5) Ensure accidents are investigated and reported as re-
quired.
(6)
Assign hazard classification codes to
and, when necessary, coordinate same
Director.
safety
wi th the
hazards
Safety
(7)
Document all variances to occupational safety,
prevention and occupational health standards in
Division Safety Management Book.
fire
the
(8) Monitor the Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) pro-
gram by assisting supervisors with:
a.
The evaluation
requirements.
Determining the
task.
Training in the
o.f PPE required
of workplaces to determine PPE
b.
proper PPE for each hazardous
c.
selection, use, inspection and care
for their work situation.
(9) Ensure all new employees receive job and work area Safe-
ty briefings as soon as they report to work and document
the briefings.
SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL
C. The Supervisor has responsibility for the safe action of
his/her personnel and the safe performance of machines and
equipment within his~~er operating area. The Supervisor has
authority to enforce the provisions of this program to keep
losses to an absolute minimum.
Each Supervisor shall:
(1) Assume responsibi Ii ty for a safe and healthful working
environment on behalf of hisjher personnel.
(2) Be held accountable for preventable injuries, accidents,
and liabilities caused by his/her employees.
(3) Ensure that all safety policies and regulations are
implemented.
6
(4) Take the initiative in recommending and documenting the
correction of deficiencies noted in facilities, work
procedures, employee job knowledge, or attitudes that
adversely affect loss control efforts.
(5) Be firm in enforcement of work policies and procedures
including being impartial in taking disciplinary action
against tl;lOse who fail to conform, and by being prompt
in giving recognition to those who perform well.
(6) Ensure that each employee is fully trained for the task
he/she is assigned to do and that he/she is familiar
with published work rules.
(7) Fully cooperate with the State and County and other
safety inspectors in shutting down operations considered
to be of eminent danger to employees or in removing
personnel from hazardous tasks when they are not wearing
or using prescribed protective equipment.
(8) Ensure that periodic safety training classes are conduct-
ed for all employees.
(9) Inspect all tools and equipment at frequent intervals
and keep them in a safe and serviceable condition.
(10) Ensure that untrained employees are not permitted to
operate any mechanical or electrical equipment involved
in hazardous operations.
(11) Instruct all employees on the reporting of all accidents
and the necessity of receiving first aid treatment for
all injuries.
(12) Maintain a continuous program of on-the-job training and
supervise all unusually hazardous activities.
(13) Develop and use safety checklists for all hazardous
operations.
(14) Notify the Safety Director prior to the start of any
extremely hazardous operation.
(15) Properly maintain all protective devices and safety
equipment.
(16) Ensure that all employees are physically qualified to
perform their work.
(17) Mark all areas prescribed as dangerous with w~rnings of
the hazard involved.
(18) Ensure that as few persons as possible are permitted to
enter hazardous work areas.
7
(19) Properly identify, label,
ie/hazardous materials.
handle
and
store
tox-
(20) Comply with the Monroe County Lockout/Tagout program
where applicable.
(21) Ensure that Accident Investigation forms and instruc-
tions are in each County vehicle.
SAFETY DIRECTOR
D. The Safety Director is delegated the responsibility by the
County Administrator to provide advice, guidance and any aid
needed by management to prevent accidents, including, but not
limited to the following:
(1) Provide technical guidance and direction to County per-
sonnel at all levels of management in the implementation
of the Monroe County Safety and Accident Prevention
Program.
(2) Provide safety management training to Unit Safety Repre-
sentatives.
(3) Consult with various departments on the design and use
of equipment, shops, and safety standards.
(4) Inspect and evaluate County faci Ii ties to detect exi st-
ing or potential hazards and recommend corrective or
preventive measures.
(5) Participate in the investigation of accidents and inju-
ries and cooperate in the preparation of materials and
evidence for County use.
(6) Provide management with statistical studies of accident
data for use in promoting accident and property damage
prevention programs. This will be coordinated with the
County Risk Manager.
(7) Assure that adequate personal protective clothing and
equipment is available and is properly used by the per-
sons requiring such items.
(8) Coordinate safety problems with Risk Management, Employ-
ee Benefits, and other organizations including environ-
mental health agencies.
(9) Aid in establishing and monitoring safety related commit-
tees.
(10) Monitor all safety inspections and surveys.
8
(11) Assist in the scheduling of Cardio-Pulmonary Resusci ta-
tion (CPR) and First Aid training and other related
programs at all levels of management and labor.
(12) Aid in job placement of employees able to return to work
after serious or disabling injuries.
(13) Keep abreast of new developments in the field of acci-
dent prevention, personal protective equipment, first
aid equipment and make such information available to all
County departments.
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECTION
E. The Employee Benefits Coordinator will be responsible for
monitoring and coordinating requirements of the Florida Work-
ers Compensation Law in regard to personal injuries sustained
by County employees in the performance of their work assign-
ments.
The Safety Director will assist the Employee Benefits Coordi-
nator in obtaining the necessary documents to provide the
Servicing Agent with details relating to job incurred inju-
ries.
EMPLOYEES RESPONSIBILITIES
F. Employees are required, as a condition of continued employ-
ment,' to exercise due care in the course of their work to
prevent injuries to themselves, their fellow workers, and the
public and to conserve materials.
Employees will:
(1) Report all unsafe conditions and acts to their Supervi-
sors.
(2) Be individually responsible to keep themselves, fellow
employees and equipment free from mishaps.
(3) Keep work and storage areas neat and orderly at all
times.
(4) Follow prescribed procedures during an emergency.
(5) Be certain that instructions are completely understood
before starting work.
(6) Learn to lift and handle materials properly.
(7) Avoid engaging in horseplay and/or distracting others in
the work environment.
(8) Report immediately all injuries or property damage, no
matter how minor, to their Supervisor.
9
(9) Not be permitted to start working if, in the opinion of
the immediate Supervisor, the employee is under the
influence of intoxicants. Use of intoxicants during
working hours is prohibited. Violations are subject to
appropriate disciplinary action. (See 14 below)
(10) Know how and where medical help may be obtained.
(11) Review the safety educational material posted on bulle-
tin boards or distributed to their work area.
(12) Not damage or destroy any warning or safety device, or
interfere in any way with another employee's use of them.
(13) Bring a doctor's release when returning to work after a
work-related injury or illness; such release must be
submitted to the Employee Benefits Section.
(14) It should be noted that the Florida Workers Compensation
Law, Section 440.0964 Florida Statutes, provides for a
reduction of normal compensation by twenty-five percent
(25%) if an employee is injured as a result of his or
her willful refusal to use a safety appliance or to
observe a lawful safety rule.. The "Lawful Safety Rule"
includes the requirements outlined in this policy, and
all safety documents referenced in this policy. Section
440.09 (3) of these Statutes provides that no compensa-
tion will be paid for injuries sustained while under the
influence of drugs or alcohol.
Employees working at hazardous tasks will:
Obey all safety rules and follow published work instruc-
tions. If any doubt exists about the safety of doing a task
he will "STOP" and get instructions from hisjher Supervisor
before continuing work.
Operate only correct equipment for the task and handle it
properly.
Wear required protective equipment when working in a hazard-
ous operations area. Dress safely and sensibly.
SECTION 4 - REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR INJURIES, ACCIDENTS,
VEHICLE AND PROPERTY DAMAGES
PURPOSE OF RECORDS
A. Records of accidents are essential for efficient and success-
ful loss prevention, just as records of production, costs,
sales, and profits and losses are to a business. Records
supply the information necessary to transform haphazard,
costly, ineffective loss prevention into a planned program
10
that controls the specific conditions and acts that cause
accidents.
To be effective, preventive measures must be based on com-
plete and unbiased knowledge of the causes of an accident.
The primary purpose of an accident investigation report is to
get information, not to fix the blame. Since the complete-
ness and accur.acy of the entire record system depends upon
the information contained in individual reports, every effort
should be made to comply with the procedures contained in
this section.
Investigations of all Class C and D incidents will be conduct-
ed by the responsible Supervi sor or Department Head of the
department experiencing the accident to determine cause and
recommend preventive measures and remedial actions to be
taken. The Safety Director may elect to perform an investiga-
tion as a unilateral action and will assist the departmental
effort. The Safety Director will investigate all Class A and
B accidents. Maj or loss announcements wi 11 be made to the
required agencies.
DEFINITIONS
B. Accident
in an injury
ment.
An unintended, unforeseen event which results
to personnel and/or damage to property or equip-
Very Minor or First Aid Injury -- An injury which does not
result in loss of time from the job beyond the work shift on
which the ~njury occurred.
Disabling or Lost Time Injury Any injury which results
in lost time beyond the shift on which the injury occurred.
Property Damage Incident An accident or incident which
produces damage or loss to property, facilities, or equipment.
County Furnished Motor Vehicle Accident An accident
resul ting in damage to a County furni shed vehicle which re-
quires repair or replacement and/or injury to an employee.
Private Motor Vehicle Accident -- An accident resulting in
injury to an employee while driving hisjher privately owned
vehicle within the scope of County employment.
Fire -- Any fire, regardless of extent or damage.
Class A Accident or Hazard Severity Category (Catastrophic)
-- Death, permanent disability or costs over $300,000.
Class B Accident or Hazard Severity Category (Critical)
Severe injury, severe occupational illness or costs between
$100,000 and $300,000.
11
Class C Accident or Hazard Severi ty Ca'tegory (Marginal)
Minor injury, minor occupational illness, or costs between
$1,000 and $100,000.
Class D Accident or Hazard Severity Category (Negligible)
Very minor injury with less than a full day lost work time
or costs less than $1,000.
Accident frequency of occurrence categories:
Frequent
Multiple times per year.
Probable
Expected to occur within one year.
Occasional -- Expected to occur within five years.
Remote -- Expected to occur within 10 years.
Improbable -- Unlikely to happen, but possible.
FORMS
C. Notice of Injury Form DWC-l This form will be used to
report all injuries to County employees and sent to the Em-
ployee &enefits Section within 24 hours from the date of the
injury. Exhibit "A".
Accident Investigation
form will be used by the
and recommend corrective
ry. Exhibi~ "B".
Report, MC Form SAF-l This
Supervisor to report accident causes
action even when there is no inju-
PROCEDURES
D. 1. EMPLOYEE, if in;ured
Report injury to immediate Supervisor as soon as possi-
ble.
Obtain treatment at nearest Emergency Room if injury is
severe.
If follow-up treatment is prescribed by the Emergency
Room physician, approval must be obtained from the Em-
ployee Benefits Section prior to any treatment.
Report in person, or by phone, to the Employee Benefits
Section when returning to work after a lost time injury.
Follow instructions from the Employee Benefits Section
regarding medical release to return to work.
2. EMPLOYEE, if involved in a County furnished motor vehi-
cle accident
Stop immediately.
Obtain medical aid for injured persons.
12
Notify Police and contact your Supervisor immediately
and advise himjher of the accident.
Obtain names, addresses, and vehicle tag numbers from
other drivers and witnesses.
Prepare the Accident Investigation Report at the scene
(refer closely to instructions on the back).
Note:
All necessary forms and instructions are con
tained in the glove compartment, or attached
to the steering column of all County furnished
vehicles.
If the vehicle is no longer operable, the Supervisor
should be made aware of this fact and take appropriate
action.
Submi t completed Accident Investigation Report form to
your immediate Supervisor and coordinate with him/her to
assure accuracy of the form.
Refer Accident Report form to the Ri sk Manager. If
inj~ries are involved, SupervisorjDepartment Director
will call the Risk Manager. '
3. EMPLOYEE, if involved in a property damaqe accident
Secure the scene of the damage to prevent further damage
or personal injuries.
Notify your immediate Supervisor.
4. SUPERVISOR, in case of employee in;uries
Send the injured employee to the nearest Emergency Room
for treatment. Ambulance service should be called for
seriously injured employees, or at employee's request.
Notify the Employees Benefit Section immediately if
possible. .
Investigate the circumstance and cause of the injury-pro-
ducing accident.
Complete Accident Investigation Report form and forward
with the Notice of Injury to the Employee Benefits Sec-
tion.
All accidents regardless of how minor must be reported
to the Employee Benefits Section wi thin 24 hours after
knowledge of occurrence. Failure to comply could result
in the County being assessed a fine of $500.00 per day
by the State. Any fines thus incurred would be borne by
the department concerned.
5. NOTICE OF INJURY -- EXHIBIT "A"
13
Some sections of the DWC-l Form, Notice of Injury, are con-
stant and will be pre-printed by the Employee Benefits Sec-
tion.
(a) Complete FIRST NOTICE OF INJURY IN ITS ENTIRETY
(Exhibi t "A").
(b) Submit the entire set -- (Division, Carrier, Employ-
er) along with the Accident Investigation First
Report to the Employee Benefits Section.
(c) The injured employee will receive a copy of the
injury report from the Employee Benefits Section.
6. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT -- EXHIBIT "B"
This report forms the basis for the accident investiga-
tion and is to be completed personally by the Supervi-
sor. It is important that this report be completed in
its entirety. Any report submitted without all neces-
sary information will be returned to the department for
correction.
IF AN INJURY RESULTS IN DEATH, EMPLOYEE BENEFITS AND THE
SAF.ETY DEPARTMENT IS TO BE CONTACTED IMMEDIATELY. THE
LAW REQUIRES NOTIFICATION TO' THE STATE WITHIN TWENTY-
FOUR (24) HOURS.
7. SUPERVISORS, in case of employee motor vehicle acci-
dents
Assur~ proper care of all injured persons.
Attempt to determine the cause of the accident.
Complete the Accident Investigation Report form and
ensure accuracy and completeness. Use the separate page
provided for diagrams and other additional information
required in the instructions.
Insure that the forms are forwarded to Employee Benefits
Section if injury is involved or to the Risk Manager for
property damage only.
8. SUPERVISORS, in case of pr~rty damage, theft, or
vandalism
Attempt to determine the extent and cause of property
damage.
Secure area to prevent further damage or injury.
Complete the Accident Investigation Report form and send
it to the Risk Manager.
14
Notify the proper law enforcement agency and the Safety
Director as soon as the damage, theft or vandalism has
been discovered.
Note:
Property damage accidents will also include
property damage as a result of fire and Acts
of God.
9. THE SAFETY DIRECTOR WILL
Investigate accidents involving severe injury or major
property damage and incidents which have a potential for
severe injury or property damage.
Provide assi stance to Department Heads and Supervi sors
in their accident investigations when requested by the
responsible Department Head.
Assist Risk Management in investigations when requested.
Review accident reports received from Department Heads
and Supervisors for proper classification of causes and
appropriate corrective actions and initiate such further
corrective actions as may be necessary.
~
Follow-up on action until resolved/closed.
Compile Safety statistical data from reports and provide
such data to the County Administrator and Department
Heads on a semi-annual basis.
SECTION 5 -- SAFETY INSPECTIONS
Safety inspections of all facilities will be conducted annually
by the Safety Director. Each formal, annual inspection will be
announced at least one month in advance.
Informal inspections will be accomplished at a frequency to as-
sure that hazards are kept to a minimum and safe work practices
are enforced.
Announced formal inspections by State and Federal agencies will
be monitored by the Safety Director.
All personnel will cooperate fully in the inspections to ensure
that all areas are covered and hazards identified. Emphasis will
be placed upon conditions of facilities, equipment, vehicles,
personal protective equipment, and machines as well as implementa-
tion of the overall program including:
(1) Good housekeeping.
(2) Use of prescribed protective equipment.
15
(3) Compliance with published safety regulations.
(4) Qualification of drivers and condition of vehicles.
(5) Proper maintenance of electrical equipment.
(6) Fire prevention procedures, fire extinguishers, first
aid kits'~nd emergency lighting.
(7) Proper condition of power and hand tools.
(8) Proper guarding of powered equipment and machines.
The Safety Director's formal annual inspection reports will
be forwarded to the County Administrator and kept on file in
the Safety Department. Lessons learned from completed inspec-
tions will be made available to all departments listing defi-
ciencies and suggestions made for correction. Follow-up on
corrective actions will be made at least quarterly.
Safety inspections of facilities will also be conducted annu-
ally by the assigned unit safety representative.
SECTION 6 -- MONTHLY EMPLOYEE SAFETY MEETINGS
Monthly Safety Meetings are required for all employees
be docum~nted in the Division Safety Management book.
should be 10 to 30 minutes' duration, consisting of, at a
and will
Meetings
minimum:
(1) Past accident summary with preventative measures.
(2) Safety training video or training from the Annual re-
quired Safety Training List.
(3) Review of newly identified hazards.
(4) A timely off-the-job safety topic.
(5) A discussion period.
Though the meeting may be headed by any member of a department or
crew it will be monitored by the Supervisor as it is hisjher
responsibility to ensure the meetings' success. The unit Safety
Representative will monitor the scheduling of employee Safety
meetings and ensure all unit employees are scheduled.
Attendance at these meetings is mandatory and will be documented.
SECTION 7 -- MONROE COUNTY SAFETY COMMITTEES
Monroe County Safety Committees have been established in the
Lower, Middle and Upper Keys and will consist of Safety represen-
tatives from each department. Monthly meetings are normally
scheduled; time and place are subject to announcement.
16
Some of the responsibilities of the Committees are as follows:
(1) Discuss and formulate their Division safety policies and
recommend their adoption.
(2) Seek out unsafe conditions and practices and determine
their remedies.
(3) Make safety activities an integral part of their opera-
tion.
(4) Improve the cooperative spirit between management and
employees.
(5) Share lessons learned between department safety programs.
SECTION 8 SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAMS
GENERAL
A. Employee training in job responsibi Ii ties, job operations,
proper methods and techniques to be used, and the hazards
associated with their job are the most important elements in
achieving safe operations. Superv~sors and Foremen will be
responsible for assuring that all newly assigned employees
receive adequate training to prepare them to perform their
assigned tasks in a safe and efficient manner.
It is mandatory that each person serving in a supervisory
capaci ty be trained, qualified and certified in CPR and in
basic First Aid or scheduled for training as soon as possi-
ble. Department Heads and Supervisors will consult the Train-
ing Director for scheduling. Training in CPR/First Aid
will be given to as many employees as possible, but due to
class quota limitations, priority will be given to personnel
involved in hazardous operations or specific functions where
this training is needed.
B. On-the- job training will be accomplished by Supervisors and
Foremen.
This training will include:
A review of pertinent sections
safety policies and procedures.
Policies to all employees.
of the Monroe County
Distribution of Safety
Emergency treatment of injuries (First Aid).
Prescribed safety clothing and equipment for the job.
How to report a fire, accident or serious injury.
Specific hazards associated with the job.
17
General hazards encountered in the work area and how to
avoid them.
After completion of initial training, obtain employee's
signature on MC Form SAF-8, Employee Safety and
Health Record, documenting that they will observe safety
rules and procedures.
I f an employee demonstrates, through accidents or by continuing
unsafe acts, that he/she does not understand the safety require-
ments of hisjher job, the employee will be re-instructed and
personally counseled by his/her Supervisor and/or Department
Head. This action will not preclude the County from taking disci-
plinary action against the employee for engaging in said unsafe
acts. Retraining, counseling and di sciplinary actions wi II be
documented on Monroe County Employee Notice Forms and placed in
the employee's personnel file.
DIVISION SAFETY REPRESENTATIVE TRAINING
C. The Safety Director will train all Division and Department
Safety Representatives on the management of the Division
Safety program as described in Part II of this manual.
Supervisors should also attend this training.
SPECIALIZED TRAINING
D. Specialized training will be required from
special operations and to meet specific
unique tasks or assignments. This training
ed on MC Form SAF-8. For all hazardous
fresher Sa~ety training will be accomplished
time to time for
requirements of
will be document-
operations, re-
annually.
These will include but are not limited to:
Special equipment for personnel who will be or may be
transporting, handling, storing, or exposed to toxic or
corrosive chemicals.
High voltage or high current electrical work.
Transportation, handling and storage of volatile and
flammable substances and those designated as explosives.
Special operations i.e., airport, fire/rescue, etc.
Other very hazardous operations.
SUPPLEMENTAL SAFETY TRAINING
E. Supplemental safety training and promotion of safety activi-
ties will be provided by the Safety Director by use of visual
aids, including safety films and/or slide presentations,
promotional literature, bulletins, booklets and other avail-
able media.
This Safety manual will be reviewed annually by all employees
and documented on MC Form SAF-8.
18
Additional training programs will be designed and implemented
as the need is determined.
DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSES
F. A defensive driving program will be implemented as a means of
reducing and preventing vehicle accidents and will be made
available to Monroe County personnel who operate County vehi-
cles. The class schedules will be set up by the Training
Department in cooperation with the Safety Director, Depart-
ment Heads and Supervisors.
Problem drivers must attend thi straining. A problem driver is
defined as any County vehicle operator that receives two moving
violations in a two-year period, anyone moving violation that
results in an accident in which the employee is at fault, or
three violations of any type in a two-year period. Any violation
counts whether in a County vehicle or the employee's private
vehicle. Problem drivers' driving records will be checked quar-
terly.
SECTION 9 -- SAFETY AWARDS & SUGGESTION PROGRAMS
SAFETY AWARDS
A. A safety awards program will be conducted through the safety
office to assist management in the promotion of safety activi-
ties and safety awareness among their employees.
SAFETY SUGGESTIONS
B. Safety suggestions by individual employees will be processed
through the safety office for consideration and adoption.
Those accepted may receive awards and/or letters of apprecia-
tion or commendation from the Board of County Commissioners
or County Administrator.
SECTION 10 -- SAFETY ENFORCEMENT
When violations of policies directly related to the enforcement
of the Safety and Accident Prevention Program occur, corrective
action will be immediate and positive. Disciplinary action will
be taken when any person causes injury to himself or others,
destroys or damages equipment, either by willfully violating work
rules, di sregarding instructions, or by a demonstration of an
atti tude of indifference or defiance. Enforcement of Safety
policies and rules is required, if the overall Safety program is
to be effective.
Supervisors and Department Heads have a wide latitude in determin-
ing the extent of disciplinary action to be taken wi thin their
departments, including written reprimands, warnings, suspension
from duties for various periods of time and possible di scharge
from County employment. Such actions will be consistent with
19
established procedures outlined in the Monroe County Personnel
Policies and Procedures Manual.
Disciplinary actions resulting from Safety violations will be
closely monitored by the Safety Director and, in cases where
little or no action is taken, those Supervisors responsible will
be required to justify their lack of action.
20
SECTION 11 -- COUNTY DRIVER PERMITS
Purpose
To register, authorize, and control all personnel required to drive
County or personal vehicles in the performance of their duties.
Qualifications for Issuance of Driver Permit
A. All personnel must hold a valid Florida Operators or Commer-
cial Driver's license.
B. All personnel must be sixteen (16) years of age or over.
C. An Operator's permit will be issued only to those who are
required to operate a County vehicle in the performance of
their normal duties or to certain part-time operators who are
required on occasion to drive a County-owned vehicle, or who
drive their own personal vehicles on County business.
D. An operator's permit will be issued by the Safety Office after
determination that the person meets the requirements of this
manual and has in his/her possession a valid Florida Driver's
license.
E. All employees authorized to operate County vehicles must have
in their possession a County Vehicle Operator's Permit during
operation of a County vehicle. (On County TO Card)
F. Personnel operating County vehicles will authorize the County
to obtain any State, County and/or local public driving
records pertaining to him/her.
G. An employee's right to operate a vehicle on County business
shall be denied or revoked at any time when he/she does not
possess a valid State of Florida Operator's or Commercial
Driver's Permit, and may be denied or revoked when his/her
driver's record reflects one or more of the following condi-
tions:
-One (1) or more "Driving Under the Influence", refusing
to take intoxication test, or "Leaving the Scene of the
Accident" conviction during the last three (3) years.
-Two (2) moving violations during the last twelve (12)
months.
-Eight (8) or more points during the past twenty-four
(24) months.
-Medical evidence of alcoholism, drug abuse, or other
physical impairment significantly affecting the ability
to drive safely.
21
H. A County Vehicle Operator's Permit may be dcnied or rcvoked
based on traffic violations demonstrating willful and wanton
disregard of traffic rules. Completion of the Defcnsive Driv-
ing course may be a prercquisite to the issuance of an Opera-
tor's Permit for a marginal driving record.
I. All personnel must report any motor vehicle citations received
while operating County or personal vehicles (othcr than park-
ing violations), or suspension of his/her license within for-
ty-eight (48) hours. Failure to do so could result in revoca-
tion of authorization to operate a County vchicle.
.J. Any denial or revocation of County driving privilegcs may
result in termination of employment.
K. Before authorization is granted to operate County vehicles,
employees must complete and sign a "County Authorization Em-
ployee Driver's Affidavit".
L. To receive reimbursement for use of a personal vehicle, employ-
ees must complete and sign a "Request and Approval for Car
Allowance".
Guidelines
A. The rules for determining whether or not an accident should be
charged against a driver's or operator's record are based upon
the Principles of defensive driving. Defensive driving is
of maior importance as a means of preventing accidents.
B. Each driver or operator involved in an accident contributes to
it in a greater or lesser degree and usually each failed to
employ defensive driving techniques. The other driver may be
frank cnough to admit that he/she was at fault. However, this
does not mean the County driver or operator is blameless as
more than likely he/she too was partly at fault. Likcwise,
the fact that the County driver/operator did not get a traffic
violation does not automatically make him/her blameless. .Just
being involved calls for an accident review and a searching
analysis as to how the driver/operator was involved. The
final finding, when propcrly uscd, will hclp drivers, opcra-
tors and management to avoid similar accidents in the future.
Definitions
A. Reportable Accident: Any accident in which a County Vehicle
or equipment is involved whcre such accident results in death,
personal injury or propcrty damage. An accident or incident
is reportable regardless of who was hurt, what property was
damaged, and to what extent, where it occurred or who was
responsible.
22
B. Preventable Accident: ^ prcventable accident is one in
which the driver/operator failed to do everything he/shc rea-
sonably could have done to prcvent it.
C. Defcnsive Driving: Dcfensive driving is driving to prevent
accidents in spite of the incorrect actions of othcrs and/or
any other adverse conditions.
SECTION 12 -- MONROE COUNTY SAFETY/ACCIDENT
REVIEW BOARD (MCS/ARB)
Purpose:
To assist in the implemcntation of the Monroe County Board of County
Commissioners' policy of insuring the safest possible workplace for
its employces and to provide a safe environment for the public that it
serves. (See Monroe County Administration Instruction 4704.1)
Mission
The mission of the MCS/ARB is to:
I. Review rccommended rules and safe work methods that will allow the
Commission's policy to bc carried out in the most productive and
cost efficient manner.
2. Review accident invcstigation reports which have been completed by
the Departments and monitor implementation of corrective measurcs.
Considcration will be given, but not limited to, probable cause,
employee's employment record, supervisor's involvement, employee's
training"or lack of same, and any other pertinent consideration(s).
3. Will function independently to resolve safety issues, aftcr all
other avenues have becn exhaustcd, providing all employees with the
opportunity to air concern(s) regarding any safety matter that
he/she cannot resolve through regularly established safety proce-
dures.
4. Submit summary of Board activities to the County Administrator and
all Division Directors to allow top management to monitor the
progress of the Board's cndeavors.
23
'!I
BUSINESS FORM SERVICES, INC. (305) 591-7585
IMPORTANT:
DO NOT FILL OUT BEFORE READING BACK
IND
MED
REH
EXP.
tice of Injury REPORTING ACC. TYPE ACC. SOURCE
UNIT
ADJUSTER NO.
DIARY AGE PART OF BOOY AWW YRS. NATURE
AB. -.
SEX
EMPLOYER'S COMMENTS
No
Location Name:
Report all deaths by telephone or telegram within 24 hours.
PLEASE TYPE
FOR CARRIER'S DATE STAMP
REC'D BY CARRIER SENT TO DIVISION
NAME (First, Middle, Last) Social Security Number I Dale and Time of Accident
HOME ADDRESS (Include Zip) EMPLOYEE'S DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT
TELEPHONE -~ N..- DESCRIBE INJURY OR DISEASE AND INDICATE PART OF BODY AFFECTED
(e.g. Amputation 01 right indeK finger at second joml, fractured ribs. lead poisoning. etc.)
OCCUPATION
DATE OF BIRTH ,I SEX DID YOU REQUEST MEDICAL CARE? DYES UNO
I I LJM OF IF YES, DID EMPLOYER PROVIDE MEDICAL? DYES DNO
DIVISION MICROFilM .
FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT SECURITY
DIVISION OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION
1-800-342-1741 (or) contact your local office for assistance
;
NOTICE OF INJURY
Report all deaths within 24 hours (904) 488-3044.
EMPLOYEE INFORMATION
FIRM'S NAME AND ADDRESS FEDERAL 1.0. NUMBER DATE AND TIME FIRST REPORTED
MONROE COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS 59-6000-749
5100 JUNIOR COLLEGE ROAD w.\;. l:lY v....'" NUMl:lI:H
PUBLIC SERVICE BLDG. , ROOM 215 o INSURANCE CO. ~l SELF-INSURED
KEY WEST, FL 33040 NAME, ADDRESS, TELEPHONE OF WILL YOU CONTINUE TO PAY
INSURANCE CO. OR SERVICE COMPANY
TELEPHONE Area Coda (10 'i) Numbsr ?Q?_1:J.I.711.I,I.a SALARY? [J YES DNO
PLACE OF ACCIDENT (Street, City, County, Slate) GALLAGHER BASSETT SERVICES, INC. LAST DAY PAID THROUGH
P.O. BOX 02-5287
MIAMI, FLORIDA 33102-5287 I /
PHONE: (305) 592-4580 RATE OF PAY LJHR UWK
NAME. ADDRESS AND TELEPHONE $ ~____ PER DHR DWK
OF PHYSICIAN_O-'=LHQSPITAL Number of hours
DID THE EMPLOYEE KNOWINGLY REFUSE TO USE A SAFETY per day
Number of hours
APPLIANCE PROVIDED BY YOU, THE EMPLOYER? [YES i--1NO per week -"--
DATE EMPLOYED ILAST DATE EMPLOYEE WORKED Number of days
per week
I I I I PAID FOR DATE OF INJURY
RETURNED TO WORK IJYES IJNO AUTHORIZED BY EMPLOYER il YES ilNO 1-1 YES ilNO
IF YES, GIVE DATE / / LOCATION ADDRESS
WAS INJURY FATAL? i IYES i [NO
IF YES. GIVE DATE OF DEATH I I (LOCATION # , IF APPLICABLE)
AGREE WITH DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT? NATURE OF BUSINESS
llYES I-I NO IF NO ATTACH EXPLANATION COUNTY GOVERNMENT
:rmptt~in~'an~t:I:I~or~iS:.~~a~~:,e'ISd8~~: :.~ ~~~~~..~~ee, inllMJ~= ~:'d:rr.,:r ~~Jr;:'O:llf~is a~t~~tern8nl of
I :In Person I J By Man .
-.--...--..--- ---------
EMPLOYEE SIGNATURE (II available 10 sign) DATE EMPLOYER SIGNATURE DATE
EMPLOYER INFORMATION
24
MONROE COUNTY
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT
(See Instructions On Reverse)
HAZARD
CLASSIFICATION
CODE (HCC)_
Severity Frequency
CIRCLE ONE:
FIRST REPORT(Complete all Asterlsked items)
FINAL
VEHICLE ACCIDENT: YES
(Follow instructions closely)
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECTION(Injuries Only)
MANAGEMENT AND LOSS CONTROL
*FROK:
(A
*1. EMPLOYEE NAME
(First, MI, Last)
*2. Department:
3. Job Title:
*5. Location Of Accident:
~_ *6. Activity or Task Being Done a~~~~_:~ci_~:~~______________________m________________u_____________________
*7. Describe Injury/Property Damage
9. Work Time
Lost(days
10. Cost(Est)
I- *8. Witnesses(Include Address and Phone)
11. Cost
(Final)
YES
NO il~mjim~!~~I!I!~4!!11}!I:~mr YES
13. Equipment
NO !1!1!1!~~1!!!!i!i~li!!Milil!!ill!!I!I!mi inll!"l ~lm!!l YES
Adequate
Good Condition
NO
14. Type
Hodel
Serial Ro.
Adequate
Checklist
First Aid Given YES
NO
Describe
*16. Were you present when tfie accident occurred? YES
NO
17. Personal Protective Equipment Used? Yes
J *18. Supervisor's Report On How and Why Accident Occurred(Include Unsafe Act, Causes and Root Cause)
1----- ~-=:I
. - 19. Supervisor'S Report On What Has Been(And Will Be) Done To Prevent Recurrence Of Similiar Accidentl~___
Interim HCC Final HCC
120.
Division/Department Director Comments:
--121. Supervisor's Signature
Date:
..J 22. Department Director's Signature
Date:
~ 23. Division Director's Signature
.J 24. Safety Department Comments and RecoDDDendations:
Date:
-'
Monroe County Form SAF-1, October 9, 1991, Do Not Use Previous Forms
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPO~ COMPLETION INSTRUCTIONS
(Use addLtLonal sr.eets == ?aper Lf needed)
Hazard Classification Code: Refer to "Eaza==- ?..::.sk Assessment Matrix" in The Monroe
County Safety Policies and Proced~res- ~~-ual, Page 91.
Thru
Employee Benefits Section only =ece:..-.;s report when a County employee is
injured. All first reports muse ce F~mitted within 24 hours.
Rpt.NO: Refer to "Monroe County Hazard/Acc:...5.:.=:-= Report Numbering System" in the Monroe
County Safety Policies and Proced~e= ~~nual, Page 318.
From
1.
2,3,4
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13,14.:
15.
16,17.:
18.
19.
20-24. :
VEHICLE
Department; investigating supervis~= _ name; phone number
Name of Employee injured or involve= the accident, or Name, address, and
phone number of injured member of -~~ ~~blic.
Self-explanatory
Be specific, exact address(inc:~d~; ~y, e.g. Key Largo), name of building,
location in building etc.
Describe activity or task, e.g. 3a=~; passenger vehicle, lifting cartron of
books, chipping logs, etc.
Describe source of injury, e.g. Ob:e=-=, substance or motion; Part of body,
e.g. Eye, index finger, upper a.~, :-==~ type of injury, e.g. cut, bruise,
broken upper arm, etc.; Severity 0= =-=:~ry, e.g. Severe, minor, very minor, etcr-
Self-explanatory
Lost time in days. Enter none if :__-_ -=han one full day (8 hours).
Your best estimate of cost to tte Co~?(property damage only).
Reserved for Risk Management
Written instructions on how to do c~= :~b, associated hazards, and personal
protective equipment required.
Self-expl~natory
If first aid given or hospital/doc~== = treatment required please describe
Self-explanatory
Give details to clearly explain "Hew" :.::.d "Why". Refer to Monroe County
Safety policies and Procedures l".anua:', ?art II for "List of Unsafe Acts".
Include all preventative measures t~ through date of submission of this
report, e.g. Personnel briefed en r~z:==, warning/caution signs posted,
equipment locked out to prevent ~se, =~C. For planned actions include work
order submitted. Include Inter~ ECC ==r actions already complete and Final
HCC when all work orders have been =Drr9:'eted. ECD = Estimated Completion Date.
Self explanatory
ACCIDENTS: Immediately after the acci-~~t the driver must: 1. leave the
vehicle inplace. 2. Set warnir.g maIL=:s, flashers, reflectors or flares.
3. Give aid to injured persons. 4. :Cntact police, then your supervisor.
5. Carefully fill out this form. In=:'~de the following additional
information- Make of county vehicle. ::ar, model, license number, vehicle
identification number, what the vehic:'a was being used for, repair estimate.
Private Vehicles- Owner, address, pho~; driver, address, phone(if different),
make of vehicle, year, model, license ~~er, estimated repair cost,
insurance company. Was a police inve::igation made? Name of agency(sheriff,
FHP, etc.), who was charged with the accident, any arrests made, if, yes who?
Do you think a claim will be made aga~st you? The driver should fill out
section 18. Forward this report Umme~ately to the county safety office and
do not discuss the accident with anyo~ but police.
L
MONROE COUNTY
VEHICLE ACCIDENT ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
L
CIRCLE ONE:
FIRST REPORT
FINAL
(A)
license no.
Estimated repair cost:
I". What was the vehicle being used for?
WEATHER CONDITIONS:
applicable)
License no.
Estimated repair cos
l OWner
_Address
Phone number
LDriver(if different from owner)
Address
Phone number
Insurance Company
TYPE POLICE INVESTIGATION(Sheriff, FHP, etc.)(If applicable)
WHO WAS CHARGED WITH THE ACCIDENT?
ANY ARRESTS MADE? . If yes, who?
DIAGRAM OF ACCIDENT:
1-
1-
L
l_
L.
l_NOTES/ADDITONAL INFORMATION
27
MONROE COUNTY Form SAr-1a, Auguat 22, 1991
ISAFETY NOTES I
28
PART II
y
SAFETY AND ACCIDENT
-- PREVENTION PROGRAM
OCTOBER 1991
ISAFETY NOTES I
30
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
ISAFETY NOTES I
32
SECTION 1 -- INTRODUCTION
( 1 ) Purpose
The Monroe County Employees Safety Handbook prescribes "Safety
ground rules" for all County employees. It incorporates the mini-
mum safety requirements to follow for the avoidance of injury, loss
of time from work, loss of materials and property damage.
This manual also describes the structure and organization of the
Monroe County Safety and Accident Prevention Program. It provides
details on how to set up, manage and evaluate each Division's Safe-
ty Program and covers elements of the System 7 Safety Program.
Alpha/numerics in parentheses in Part II, Section 10, refer to
areas in the manual that cover System 7 Safety Program responsibili-
ties; e.g., (PI.S4) refers to Part I, Section 4.
(2) Scope
This handbook applies to all County employees and other personnel
under County supervision or control for their compliance.
(3) Back~round
Most people think of accidents as cuts, bruises, fractures, etc.
They think that an accident has occurred only when an injury has
result.ed. This thinking is wrong. Accidents and injuries are not
t.he same. An accident is a mishap and does not have to result in
injury to anyone or damage to anything. In some instances acci-
dents are warnings that more serious injuries or damages will occur
if the same unsafe conditions, work habits and practices continue.
to exist. . You may be lucky...have an accident and not get injured
or damage anything, but remember, if you don't correct the unsafe
act or condition you may not be so lucky the next time.
(4) Responsibility
The prcvention of accidents is everyone's responsibility no matter
what position he or she occupies. Every employee is considered a
member of Monroe County Employees Safety program and must be con-
stantly alert to reporting and correcting unsafe conditions and
actions. A part of everyone's job is to teach safety to others.
Not being safe seldom affects only one person. The innocent as
well as the person not being safe usually suffer.
(5) Obiectives
The main objectives of the Monroe County Safety Program are:
a. To provide a safe and healthful work environment.
b. To identify and eliminate hazards through inspections and
personnel awarencss.
c. To reduce mishap frequency and severity.
33
d. To accomplish thorough invcstigations of mishaps to prc-
vent recurrcnce.
c. To minimize risk to the p.ublic.
(6) Safety Principles
a. The definition of safety is: "Control of rccognized
hazards to attain an acceptable level of risk". The
first step is to identify the hazards. What you don't
know can hurt you! An effective inspection program is
very important in identifying physical hazards and haz-
ards associated with work practiccs and procedures.
b. Heinrich's Thcory has bccn proven to be accuratc many
times. It says that for every scrious accidcnt an organ-
ization expericnccs there arc 29 minor (first aid) acci-
dents and 300 near misses that had thc potential of being
serious.
FOR EVERY
THERE ARE
29
300
SERIOUS ACCIDENT
MINOR ACCIDENTS
NEAR MISSES
HEINRICHtS THEORY
34
c. What is an ACCIDENT! Falling bricks can answer that!
1.
3.
o
WHICH ONE IS THE ACCIDENT?
The accident is the faIling brick!! 299 times out of 300
it won't cause a serious accident, but if you don't iden-
tify the hazard and fix it you are counting on luck.
Monroe County has been very lucky in the past and we must
replace luck with a well managed safety program.
d. Accident costs are much more than you think. The direct
obvious costs are just the tip of the iceberg. The aver-
age hidden costs are 3 to 7 times the direct costs.
Actual costs can include the following:
-Medical compensation
-Hospital medical costs.~
-Property/equipment damages
-Equipment down time
- Lost efficiency (work takes longer; employee
replacement not proficient)
-Investigation/report time (supervisor and others)
-Clerical time spent on accident
-Management time to review reports
-Scrap/rework
-Overtime premium
- Training new personnel
~ Time paid to injured employee
-Other employees' time
-Costs associated with placing injured employee on
other work when unable to perform regular work
- Tnsurance costs
-Public liability claims
-Costs of renting equipment
-Medical costs not covered by Workers Compensation
insurance
35
\.
DIRECT
COSTS $1
$3 - $7
HIDDEN
COSTS
ACCIDENT COSTS
.
36
SECTION 2:
DIVISION SAFETY PROGRA
CSD EMD
SAFETY SAFETY
PROGRAM PROGRAM
MONROE COUNTY
MSD
SAFETY SAFETY
PROGRAM PROGRAM
SAFETY POLICIES
AND
PROCEDURES MANUAL
nTlnt \, .,'1
PSD PWD
SAFETY SAFETY
PROGRAM PROGRAM
ISAFETY NOTES I
38
-
SECTION 2 -- DIVISION SAFETY PROGRAM
The Division Safety program consists of nine (9) major areas and
covers all elements of the System 7 Safety program. This program
is designed to meet all applicable Occupational Safety and Health
Act (OSHA) standards and will provide a safe and healthful work
environment for County employees.
The following is a summary of the overall program. Each major
area is weighed according to its relative importance to the whole
program.
I. Division Director's Support of the Safety Proqram (20%)
A. The Division Director should appoint a Division Safe-
ty Representative. Also, each large Department
and/or Section should have a Safety Representative
appointed to equally share the workload throughout
the Division. In this manual, Division, Department
and Section Safety Representatives are all referred
to as Unit Safety Representatives (USR). These
USRs should be appointed considering their
retainability and knowledge of the unit's opera-
tions and duties. These 'USRs will form the Divi-
sion Safety Committee. A list of these USRs along
with their assigned inspection responsibilities
should be sent to the County Safety Office. (See
I I .A. )
B. Accident notification procedures should be published
and publicized throughout the Division.
C.
The Division Director should ensure
tive/preventative actions identified
investigations and hazard reports are
estimated completion dates are met to
extent possible.
that correc-
in accident
adequa te and
the maximum
D.
The Division Director should
inspections are performed and
time.
ensure
reports
that required
completed on
E. The Division Director should support an Off-the-Job
Safety program_~
F. Required Safety Training should be scheduled and
completed. ~
G. The Division Director should review the status of his
safety program monthly with the Division Safety Repre-
sentative.
39
H. Some form of recognition should be established for
Division personnel who do an excellent job supporting
the Safety program.
I. Annual Division Safety goals/objectives should be
established and progress reviewed quarterly. Depart-
ments/Sections should be encouraged to set objectives.
II. Inspections (IS%}
A. Self Inspections
(1) All Division buildings and facilities should be
inspected annually by the assigned USR. Each
bui lding used by Monroe County employees should
have an assigned USR to do an annual inspec-
tion. Where more than one Division uses a build-
ing, the inspection responsibility should be
shared equally between the Divisions. This
responsibili ty should be agreed on by the Divi-
sion Directors.
(2) Annual inspection schedules will be developed by
each Division. A copy of the schedule and in-
spection reports will be sent to the County
Safety Office.
(3) Inspection checklists should be developed using
the "Monroe County Safety Inspection Checklist"
(Section 11) as a guide. These checklists
should be customized to meet the requirements of
each Division. Additiunal inspection items can
be added to ensure comprehensive inspections are
accomplished. Unit Safety program manageme~t
should be addressed. Inspection Reports should
include corrective/preventative actions, work
order numbers (if applicable) and estimated
completion dates. Follow-up actions should be
accomplished, documented and status reports
forwarded to the County Safety Office when sig-
nificant actions have been completed.
B. Monroe County Safety Director Inspections.
(1) The Safety Director will schedule and perform an
annual inspection of each County facility. A
copy of these inspection reports will be forward-
ed to the respective Division Director and to
the County Administrator. They will include a
"Monroe County Hazard Worksheet" (MC Form
SAF-4) for each hazard identified and an evalu-
ation of the effectiveness of.the previous Divi-
sion inspection.
40
"I
(2) Additional hazards identified by the Safety
Director will be added to the Division inspec-
tion and recommended actions tracked. Actions
taken on these additional hazards will be includ-
ed in status reports sent to the County Safety
Office (See A. (3) above). The Safety Director
will correct hazards on the spot to the maximum
extent possible. The Unit Safety Representative
assigned responsibility for the inspected facili-
ty should accompany the Safety Director on the
inspection. All inspections will be scheduled a
minimum of one month in advance. In all cases
the USR will receive an out-brief from the
Safety Director. All items in the inspection
report identified as requiring a response from
the USR should be sent to the County Safety
Office in a timely manner. Extensions, when
required, should be coordinated with the Safety
Office prior to the due date.
(3) After the annu~l inspection of all Division
facilities have been completed, the Safety Direc-
tor will complete an overall evaluation of the
Division Safety Program covering all nine (9)
maj or areas. A draft of thi s report wi II be
provided to the Division Director and an out-
brief scheduled with the Director and the Divi-
sion Safety Representative prior to the final
report being forwarded to the County Administra-
tor.
III. Unit Safety Representatives (USR) (15%)
A. Each USR should be scheduled for training by the
County Safety Director as soon as possible after
appointment. This includes detailed training on all
maj or areas of the Di vi sion Safety Program and its
management.
B. USRs should attend the Safety training meetings
periodically scheduled by the County Safety Director
(approximately semi-annually).
C.
DivisionjDepartment accident reporting
should be established and publicized.
procedures
D. Based on the unit's operations and hazards, accident
prevention information should be acquired/developed
and di stributed to work centers/shops. A lot of
information/materials are available in the County
Safety Office and in the "Monroe County Safety Policy
and Procedures Manual".
41
"I
E.
All employees should be briefed on actual
accidents, causes and preventative actions.
information will be furnished to the USRs
by the Safety Director.
County
This
monthly
F. The Division Safety Representative should maintain
the Division Safety Management book. This book
should contain the following:
(1) County and Division Safety Policies.
(2) Division Safety Program Status Form (MC Form
SAF-9) .
(3) Employee Safety and Health Record (MC Form
SAF-8) for each employee. This form documents
new employee safety training, job hazards, manda-
tory annual training, specialized Safety train-
ing, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is-
sued and PPE provided in the work area.
(4) Annual inspection reports.
(5) Hazard Control Log and all open Hazard Work-
sheets (MC Form SAF-4). Closed hazards
should be kept on file until the Annual County
Safety Director's evaluation report is re-
ceived. The Hazard Control Log is a complete
list of hazards with their status -- Open, with
estimated completion date, or Closed.
(6) Latest Annual Di vi sion Safety Evaluation report
from the Safety Director.
(7) Monthly Employee Safety Training documentation.
Brief summary of monthly Safety training with
attendance sheets.
(8) Facility Inspection Checklists.
(9) Hazardous operations (e.q., chipping machine,
stump grinder, bucket lift, chain saw, dump
truck, etc.). Safety training briefing outlines
and daily Safety Briefing Checklists.
(10) Applicable OSHA Standards.
IV. Facilities (12%1
A. All hazards above Very Low Risk (A5/B5/C4jD3) should
be identified, have a Hazard Worksheet filled out and
tracked. (See Hazard/Risk assessment matrix for
explanation of Hazard Classification Codes.)
42
B. Adequate fire extingui shers should be avai lable and
have a current annual inspection.
C. Good housekeeping should be enforced.
D. Flammable and hazardous materials should be identi-
fied, labeled and prop-~rly stored.
E. Material safety Data Sheets (MSDS) should be avail-
able to all employees where required.
F. Personal Protective Equipment should be available and
used where required.
G. No Smoking and Smoking areas should be designated.
V. Safety Training (12%}
A. Supervisors should receive Safety training. This
training is available on a limited basis from the
Safety Director. USRs will be trained and will be
able to train their supervi sors. A briefing guide
will be provided to each USR and they should custom-
ize it for their specialized training needs.
B: Problem drivers should be scheduled for the Defensive
Dri ving Course through the County Training Office.
(See Part 1, Section 8, F.)
C. All employees should receive monthly Safety training.
D. All training should be documented in the Division
Safety Management Book.
VI. Vehicles (10%)
A. All vehicles should be kept in good operating condi-
tion. Inspection depth and frequency should be ade-
quate to ensure safety.
B. Vehicles should be operated safely. The backing 9f
vehicles should receive special attention and spot-
ters used where needed.
C. Seatbelt use is mandatory. spot checks should be
made and discrepancies corrected on the spot.
VII. Occupational Safety and Health (10%1
A. Applicable OSHA standards should. be available to
all supervisors.
43
"I
B. All employees should be aware of OSHA requirements
and their individual Safety responsibilities.
C. Supervi sors should conduct periodic informal inspec-
tions of their facilities and procedures to ensure
compliance with occupational safety.
D. Supervisors should enforce the use of Personal Protec-
tive Equipment.
E.
All employees should
items listed on MC
and Health" record.
be trained
Form SAF-8,
on the mandatory
"Employee Safety
F. All identified hazards should be controlled (correc-
tive actions on hazard worksheets).
G. A lockout/tagout program should be used where re-
quired.
VIII. Bulletin Boards (3%)
A. All major work centers sho~ld have a Safety bulletin
board containing all mandatory items. (See "Monroe
County Safety Inspection Checklist, p. 10.)
B. Some Safety information should be changed at least
monthly; e. g., On-the-Job Safety topic, Off-the-Job
Safety topic, posters, newspaper/magazine articles,
etc.
IX. Off-the-Job Safety (3%}
A. Off-the-Job Safety information should be provided to
all employees since most injuries nation-wide occur
off the job. We are interested in the well being of
our employees all the time. They all have an impor-
tant job.
B.
A timely topic should be covered
Director will provide monthly
information to USRs in the form
outlines, articles, etc.
monthly. The Safety
Off-the-Job Safety
of videos, briefing
44
"I
TITLE/SUBJECT/ACTIVITY
PAGE
1 OF 4
PAGES
DIVISION SAFETY PROGRAM EVALUATION CHECKLIST
DATE
DIVISION
1 DEPARTMENT
I SECTION
YES NO
1. Division Directors' Support of Program(20%)
a. Has Division Director assigned unit safety personnel?
Has retainability been considered as a selection factor?
b. Has Division Director selected employees that are knowledgeable of
the mission and activities of their unit?
c. Does the Division Director ensure that unit accident notification
procedures are adequate?
Are they known throughout the unit?
d. Are suspensed items returned to the county Safety office within
suspense dates?
e. Does the Division Director ensure that closing/corrective action
on inspection and accident reports is sufficient to prevent
recurrence?
f. Does the Division Director support the Off-the-Job Safety Program?
g. Does the Division Director ensure personnel attend applicable
safety training?
h. Does the Division Director review the status of his safety program
monthly with the Unit Safety Representative?
i. Are Division personnel aware of safety awards that are available
for deserving personnel?
2. Inspections (15%)
a. County Safety office inspections:
(1.) Did the USR accompany the Safety Director on the annual
inspection?
(2) Are unit replies timely?
(3) Are replies thorough?
(4) Are follow-up status reports on open items sent to the County
Safety office as required?
b. Unit Self inspections:
(1) Are inspections performed and reports sent to the County
Safety office within the specified time?
MONROE COUNTY Form SAF-7, July 3, 1991
GENERAL PURPOSE CHECKLIST
TITLE/SUBJECT/ACTIVITY
J
PAGE 2 OF 4 PAGEE
DIVISION SAFETY PROGRAM EVALUATION CHECKLIST
DATE
DIVISION
I DEPARTMENT
I SECTION
J
YES
NOJ
(2) Are applicable checklists used for the unit facilities
inspection?
(3) Are inspections thorough and in-depth?
(4) Do corrective actions have closing, or estimated closing
dates?
J
(5) Are follow-ups being conducted on open items and are status
reports sent to the County Safety office?
3. Unit Safety Representative (USR) (15%)
J
a. Has the USR started training within 30 days of appointment?
I
b. Attended periodic safety training meetings scheduled by the
Safety Director(Approximately semi-annually)?
J
c. Established written internal accident reporting procedures?
d. Distributed accident prevention information to the workcenters/
shops?
J
e. Briefed accident circumstances/causes to unit personnel as
applicable?
J
f. Generated accident prevention materials within the unit?
J
g. Maintained the Division Safety Management Book?
4. Facilities(12%)
J
a. Is damage/deterioration evident?
Have hazards been identified?
J
b. Are floors/walking surfaces in good repair, smooth/level?
c. Are electrical outlets secure and are faceplates unbroken?
I
d. Is extension cord use in accordance with fire codes?
J
e. Are holes, ditches, excavations adjacent to walking/driving areas
marked and barricaded?
f. Are fire extinguishers available/charged, inspection current and
are they mounted properly?
J
g. Are storage areas neat and clean?
J
MONROE COUNTY Form SAF-7, July 3, 1991
GERERAL PURPOSB CHECKLIST
TITLE/SUBJECT/ACTIVITY
PAGE 3 OF 4 PAGES
DIVISION SAFETY PROGRAM EVALUATION CHECKLIST
DATE
DIVISION
I DEPARTMENT
I SECTION
YES NO
h. Are flammables stored in general storage areas?
i. Are Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS) available where required?
j. Do doors, stairs, plate glasss panels meet requirements in OSHA
1910 Subpart E, Means of Egress(p.129)
k. Are aluminum ladders stenciled properly?
1. Does powered machinery conform to OSHA requirements?
m. Is Personal Protective Equipment used where required?
n. Are smoking areas designated in hazardous areas when required?
5. Safety Training(12%)
a. Are unit supervisors receiving supervisors Safety training?
Is it documented?
Written Briefing guide?
b. Are problem drivers scheduled to attend the Defensive driving
Course?
c. Are all employees receiving monthly Safety training?
6. Vehicles(lO%)
a. Are unit vehicles kept in good operating condition and are they
receiving proper maintenance at specified intervals?
b. Are vehicles being operated safely?
c. Are spotters used when needed?
d. Are occupant restraints being used?
7. Occupational Safety & Bealth(lO%)
a. Are OSHA Standards available in the unit workcenters at the level
required?
b. Are individuals aware of their responsibilities under the OSHA
program?
c. Supervisors:
(1) Are supervisors aware of their OSHA responsibilities?
MONROE COUNTY Form SAF-1, July 3, 1991
GENERAL PURPOSE CHECKLIST
DIVISION SAFETY PROGRAM EVALUATION CHECKLIST
I
PAGE 4 OF 4 PAGES
TITLE/SUBJECT/ACTIVITY
DATE
DIVISION
I DEPARTMENT
I SECTION
(2) Does the supervisor provide a safe and healthful workplace
by conducting periodic self inspections to ensure com-
pliance with occupational safety?
(3) Does the supervisor ensure compliance with Personal Protec-
tive Equipment (PPE) requirements?
d. OSHA non-supervisory personnel training:
(1) Is training being given?
(2) Is it properly documented?
(3) Is a training outline being used?
e. Hazard Reduction:
(1) Is the program established?
t2) Are Hazards identified, controlled and tracked (MCForms SAF-
2,3,4 and Hazard Control Log)?
(3) Ar~ supervisors aware of the Lockout/Tagout program?
8. Bulletin Boards(3%)
a. Do all major work centers have a safety Bulletin Board?
b. Do boards display required items(Hazard Report forms with instruc-
tions, unit accident notification procedures, publicity posters,
communiques, emergency phone numbers, fire evacuation plan, etc.?
(See Monroe county Safety Inspection Checklist, page 10)
c. Are boards being maintained, i.e. current items posted, outdated
materials purged?
9. Off-the-Job Safety Program(3%)
a. Has an Off-the-Job Safety Program been established?
b. Is a timely topic covered monthly?
MONROE COUNTY Form SAF-7, July 3, 1991
GEHBRAL PURPOSE CHECJa.IST
I
I
YES NO I
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....
DIVISION SAFETY PROGRAM RATING SYSTEM
A. RATING DEFTNITTONS
1. OUTST ANDING: Performance or operation far exceeds program
requirements. Procedurcs are carried out in a far superior
manner. Program elements are very efficiently managed and
are of exceptional merit. Few, if any, deficiencies exist.
2. EXCELLENT: Performance or operation exceeds program require-
ments. Procedures are carried out in a superior manner.
Program elements are efficiently managed and are relatively
free of deficiencies.
3. SA TISF ACTOR Y: Performance or operation meets program require-
ments. Procedures are carried out in an effective and compe-
tent manner. Program elements are efficiently managed.
Minor deficiencies exist but do not impede or limit program
accomplishment.
4. MARGINAL: Performance or operation does not meet some pro-
gram requirements. Procedures are not carried out in an
efficient manner; program elements are not efficiently man-
aged. Deficiencies exist that impede or limit program accom-
plishment.
5. UNSA TTSF ACTOR Y: Performance'or operation does not meet pro-
gram requirements. Procedures are not carried out in an
adequate manner; program elements are not adequately man-
aged. Significant deficiencies exist that preclude or seri-
ously limit program accomplishment.
~
.
B. RA TTNG SYSTEM
Units will be rated in 9 areas, each receiving an evaluation from
Outstanding down to Unsatisfactory. Areas rated Outstanding re-
ceive 10 or 9 points, Excellent 8 or 7, Satisfactory 6 or 5, Margin-
al 4 or 3, and Unsatisfactory 2 or 1. The numerical assessment is
then multiplied by a percentage "weight factor" that represents the
importance of that area in relation to the entire program. The
multiplication results are totaled, then multiplied by 10 to give
the end score. Overall rating is:
Outstanding
Excellent
Satisfactory
Marginal
Unsatisfactory
90- 100
70- 89
50- 69
30- 49
0- 29
An evaluation of Unsatisfactory in any two of the four major ele-
ments (Division Directors Support, inspcctions, Occupational Safety
& health, and Facilities) will result in an overall Unsatisfactory
rating for the entire program.
50
f. C. POTNT ASSESSMENT
Outstanding 10 or 9------
Excellent 8 or 7
Satisfactory 6 or 5
Marginal 4 or 3
Unsatisfactory 2 or 1
1. Director's Support of the Program
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
2. Inspections (A + B ; 2)
a. Annual Inspection
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10
b. Unit Self Inspection
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
3. Unit Safety Representatives
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
4. Facilities
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
5. Safety Training
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
6. Vehicles
1,2, .3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10
7. Occupational Safety & Health Program
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10
8. Bulletin Boards
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
9. Off-the-Job Safety Program
1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10
51
f.
UNIT DATE seo R E RATING
1. Division Director's Support of the Progr;1m .20 X X
2. Inspections . 15 X X
3. Unit Safety Rcpresentatives . 15 X X
4. Facilities . 12 X X
l.
5. Safety Trnining . 12 X X
6. Vehicles .10 X X
7. Occllpationnl Safety & Health Progral1l .10 X X
8. Bulletin Boards .03 X X
9. Off-the-Job Safety Program .03 X X
NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PM
EU ..03 .03 .06 .09 . 12 . 15 . 18 .21 .24 .27 .30
RL
CT . 10 .10 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 1.00
E I
NP . 12 . 12 .24 .36 .44 _. .60 .72 .84 .94 1.08 1.20
TL
AI . 15 . 15 .30 .45 .60 .75 .90 1.05 1.20 1. 35 1. 50
GE
ER .20 .20 .40 .60 .80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
10 X
lnspcctor Signature
-'-'-~tal
Scorc
52
SECTION 3:
SAFETY PROGRAM
ELEMENT DESCRIPTIONS
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ISAFETY NOTES I
54
SECTION 3: SAFETY PROGRAM ELEMENT DESCRIPTIONS
HAZARD REPORTING
Purpose: Mishap prevention depends upon early identification, report-
ing, and correction of hazards. Hazards may be defined as any existing
or potential conditions, acts, or procedures that can result in acci-
dents (mishaps). A hazard may be reported by anyone.
Hazards must be reported and corrected at the lowest possible level.
They should be reported to the supervisor so that units can immediately
begin corrective actions. If the hazard can be eliminated on the
spot, no further action need be taken. Units should make every effort
to correct the hazard "in-house". Hazard reports that cannot be correct-
ed within the unit must be sent to the Monroe County Safety office and a
work order initiated if applicable.
Hazard reports are investigated by the unit Safety Representative. The
originator will be notified of the results of the investigation and the
corrective actions taken or planned to eliminate or abate a validated
hazard. The originator will be notified when final and closing actions
have been completed.
SAFETY BULLETIN BOARDS
Purpose: Safety bulletin boards are required in all major work areas
for posting l}1ishap prevention and other safety related information. At
a minimum, they must include:
-- Emergency phone numbers
-- Fire Evacuation Plan
--Fire Evacuation Procedure
--Hazardous Materials (Right to Know) Poster
--County Safety/Loss Control Policy Statement
--CPR/First Aid trained personnel List and their location
--Location of First Aid Kits and medical equipment
-- Location of nearest medical treatment facility
--Safety personnel names and phone numbers
--Hazard Report Forms, Monroe County Form SAF-2 and instructions
--Off-the-Job Safety topic
--Job Safety topic (changed at least monthly)
--Accident reporting procedures
--Safety suggestions/Safety hotline information
---Safety Awards information and pictures
---Other timely and applicable Safety information; e.g., newspaper/-
magazine clippings, Safety posters, Division/Department Safety
Policy, Division Safety program status, accident summaries, etc.
---Innovative ideas are encouraged to heighten Safety awareness
55
UNIT SAFETY INSPECTIONS
UNIT ANNUAL AND SPOT TNSPECTTON~
Purpose: This is a management tool to aid each Division Director in
determining if mishap prevention program elements are being followed or
met. Sce Section 11, Tnspection Checklist.
UNTT SELF-INSPECTTONS
Purpose: Thcse are conducted in the sixth month following the County
Safety office Annual Inspection. This is the Unit Safety Representa-
tive's chance to assure the Division Director that program elements are
being met.
COUNTY SAFETY OFFICE INSPECTIONS
Purpose: Annual inspections are conducted to ensure compliance with
safety standards, identify hazards, and to determine each unit's effec-
tiveness and participation in the Monroe County Safety and Accident
Prevention Program. The County Safety office will inspect all program
element~ of each Division Safety Program. Units will be notified by
letter at least one month prior to the scheduled inspection. It is each
unit representative's responsibility to coordinate and confirm new in-
spection dates with the County Safety office.
Outbrief: Will be conducted after the completion of the annual inspec-
tion by the Safety Director. The original and one copy of each inspec-
tion report will be given to the Division Director.
SPOT TNSPECTIONS
Purpose: Thcse are unscheduled inspections and are conducted periodi-
cally. They are generally informal, without notice, and are limited to
a single activity or subject of interest. These inspections will be
documented to identify problcm areas or trends. Supervisors are respon-
sible to conduct periodic self-inspections for hazards or deficiencies.
56
HAZARD REDUCTION PROGRAM
Purpose: The primary purpose of the Hazard Reduction Program is to
prioritize hazards and monitor reduction actions. Hazards identified by
fire, safety, and health inspections must be assigned a Hazard Classifi-
cation Code (HCC). HCC above A5/B5/C4/D3 which cannot be corrected in
30 days will be entered into the Division Safety Management Book and a
copy sent to the County Safety office. Indicate if a work order has
been completed to correct the hazard.
a. The Unit Safety Representative is responsible for tracking
uncorrected hazards.
b. The County Safety office will prioritize all significant Coun-
ty hazards so they can be corrected on a "Worst First" basis.
c. The Unit Safety Representative will notify the County Safety
office when a hazard is corrected so it can be deleted from
the County master hazard control log.
NONSUPERVISORY PERSONNEL TRAINING
Purpose: Supervisors are key people in the Safety program. They are
directly responsible for providing a safe and healthful environment.
Supervisors must know the occupational, safety, and health requirements
for their work areas and must enforce compliance. Training is the meth-
od for a su pervisor to ensure the new worker will be a safe worker. New
employees form attitudes about the job, the supervisor, and other work-
ers quickly. .This attitude greatly affects the way a new worker will
perform. A worker with a poor attitude is also the same worker who will
take the short cut, perform an unsafe act, or fail to correctly perform
a task. Training is also required when there is a change in equipment,
procedures, processes, or safety, fire, and health requirements. This
training must be of sufficient length and depth to make sure the individ-
uals know:
(1) The hazard(s) of the job task they will perform.
(2) Hazards of the work a rea.
(3) Occupational safety and health standards of guidance that
apply to their job and workplace.
(4) Personal protective equipment they will need and how, when,
and where to use it.
(5) Location and use of emergency and fire protection equipment.
(6) Emergency procedure5-that apply to their job and work place.
(7) Reporting unsafe equipment, conditions or procedures to super
visor immediately.
57
(8) Location and submitting procedures for Hazard Reports.
(9) Accident (mishap) reporting procedures.
(10) Emergency telephone numbers.
(11) Location and required review of appropriate safety bulletin
boards.
(12) Location of medical facilities and procedures for obtaining
treatment.
(13) Requirements for documentation and notification of on-the-job
injury or illness.
(14) Tndividual responsibilities for insuring own safety.
(15) Required use of safety belts.
(16) Personnel rights.
To insure proper training is accomplished the supervisor should estab-
lish a job safety training outline (see sample page 62). This ensures
complete and uniform training of newly assigned personnel.
Nonsupervisory personnel training must be documented for all employees.
The Division Safety Management Book will be used to document all Safety
training.
The following Safety training is mandatory for all County employees
annually:
(1) Proper lifting techniques -- Back care
(2) Slips, trips & falls
(3) Reducing unsafe acts
(4) Heat stress
INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING MISHAPS
Purpose: Mishaps involving County property and/or personnel are inves-
tigated to identify cause(s) and recommcnd appropriate corrective ac-
tion(s) to prevent recurrence. Mishaps are reported to provide Direc-
tors and Supervisors at atl levels with uniform, accurate, and complete
mishap data to support their Safety efforts. All mishaps should bc
investigated and reported. The extent of the investigation and report-
ing critcria is determined by the scverity and/or frequcncy of the mis-
hap(s). Units should be able to perform class C or 0 mishap investiga-
tions. The Monroe County Accident Invcstigation Form will be completcd
on all mishaps. The asteriskcd items on thc Accident Tnvestigation Form
will bc completed and forwarded to Risk Management and Loss Control
58
within 24 hours of the accident. The complete form should be submitted
within five (5) working days. Notify the Safety Director for investiga-
tion assistance on all class A and B accidents.
Mishaps are defined as:
1. Injury to County personnel.
2. Damage to County roperty including equipment, buildings, or
vehicles. Injury or udmage to non-County persons or property
as a result of County operations.
3. Immediate notification of a serious mishap is critical. Acci-
dent sites contain valuable information necessary for accurate
investigation and the formulation of corrective actions. If
the Safety Representative is not notified promptly, so they
can respond, this information can be destroyed and proper
corrective action cannot be determined. Therefore, it is
critical that safety personnel be notified ASAP.
MISHAP NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES
Purpose: Accident notification procedures are established to ensure
prompt and accurate notification of mishaps. Your unit procedures must
include ipstructions for reporting:
a. Tnjury to County employees.
b. Damage to County property (vehicles, equipment, buildings,
etc.).
c. Injury/damage to non-County employees/property as a result of
County operations.
Unit procedures must include positions/telephone numbers of key person-
nel who will be notified in the event of an accident, and who will noti-
fy the Safety Director for serious accidents (Class A and B). The noti-
fication procedures must be posted on your safety bulletin boards and
publicized to ensure personnel at all levels are familiar with report-
ing/notification requirements.
SUPERVISOR SAFETY TRAINING
Supervisors are key people in the Safety program since they are directly
responsible for safe and healthful environments in their areas. This
training course is designed to give supervisors a basic working knowl-
edge of their responsibilities for providing and maintaining a safe and
healthful work environment. It also provides supervisors necessary
tools for recognition, reporting, and elimination of hazards, employee
safety briefings, employee motivation, mishap investigation, and other
skills required to implement the Safety program. Attendees are person-
nel who occupy supervisory positions, and any supervisor who demon-
strates a lack of Safety knowledge or initiative. This training is
given by the unit Safety representative when the supervisor cannot at-
tend County Safety Office training.
59
given by the unit Safety representative when the supervisor cnnnot at-
tend County Safety Office trnining.
UNIT SMJU~Y REPBJ~~Hi~T A T!VE (~SBJ
ACTT-.YJTIESLBRIEFINGS
Purpose: To inform the Division/Departmcnt Director of his unit's
Safety posture.
1. Unit Safety represcntntives must continuously look for ways to en-
hance their unit's cffectiveness. Some altcrnntives are safcty mect-
ings, bricfings and programs geared to the unit and conducted by the
USR. It is a USR's rcsponsibility to assurc thc Division Director and
Department Heads are thoroughly aware of the invitation to participate
in safety related activities.
2. It is also the USR's duty and responsibility to hrief thc Division
Dircctor mon th Iy on n II program clemen ts n nd record these mcctings in
the Unit Safety Management Hook.
DIVI~tO~~FETY Mt\N~QJ~M~NT_UOOK~
Pu rpose: Thesc books a re a (lIlC-SOU rce docu men t th a t covers a II pro-
gram elcments and indic(ltcs to e(lch Division. Dircctor the st(ltus of his
unit Safcty program. It also is a rcpository for correspondcnce and
documcnts pcrtinent to program success. USR's must brief the Division
Director monthly to assure continuity of all program clements. It's
each USR's responsibility to maintain the Division Safety Management
Book in accordance with this Manual.
60
CROSSTELLS/COMMUNIQUES
Purpose: To provide Safety data/information to the lowest level possi-
ble concerning accidents, equipment changes, and procedural deficien-
cies. It is paramount that each USR disseminate this information to
each workcenter to assure involvement in the Mishap Prevention Program.
These communiques are a single page covering a timely safety topic to be
provided by the County Safety Office. These are to be placed on the
Safety Bulletin BO,ard and/or briefed to employees.
61
SAMPLE
JOB SAFETY TRAINTNG OUTLINE
(For Office Areas)
Job Safety, Fire Prevention and Occupational Health training must be
given by supervisors to each newly assigned worker and each worker who
has not previously received this training. Additional training is only
given if required' qy a change in assignment, equipment, procedure, pro-
cesses, or standards. This training will be documented on MC Form
SAF-8.
The following outline contains minimum job training requirements. This
outline should be supplemented by additional information to meet stan-
dards which are peculiar to a specific operation.
1. HAZARDS OF THE JOB
a. Filing cabinets
(1) Close all drawers after use.
(2) Are drawers operating properly and stops installed?
(3) Overloading tip filing drawers (tipping over).
(4) Location (easy access, not blocking aisles or exits).
b. Desks
(1) Close all drawers after use.
(2) Protruding edges (corners) for desk coverings (i.e.,
glass, plastic, etc.).
.
c. Typewriters
(1) Proper positioning when typing.
(2) Insure all office equipment is servicable (i.e., three
prong electrical plugs).
d. Paper cutters
2. HAZARDS OF THE WORK AREA
a. Noise
b. Stairs/Steps
c. Electrical
d. Handrails
e. Ventilation
f. Floors (tripping or slipping hazards)
g. Lighting
62
3. OSHA REGULATIONS AND OTHER SAFETY GUIDANCE THAT
APPLIES TO THEIR JOB AND WORK PLACE
A. Following OSHA Standards apply:
List to be completed by Unit Safety Representative
4. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND HOW TO USE IT
a. Consult applicable manuals, technical orders and OSHA Regula-
tions.
b. Tf a determination or assistance is required call the Safety
Director.
5. LOCATION AND USE OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
AND FIRE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
a. Location of electrical equipment shut-off switches.
b. Location of fire extinguishers.
c. Evacuation plans.
6. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES THAT APPLY TO THEIR JOBS
AND WORK PLACES .
a'. Emergency medical aid and fire department assistance will be
obtained as the situation dictates. The phone number of these
services is 911.
b. Building evacuation procedures and location of fire alarms.
c. Other as needed such as CPR, First Aid, etc.
7. REPORTING UNSAFE EQUIPMENT, CONDITIONS
OR PROCEDURES TO SUPERVISOR
a. Report all unsafe equipment, conditions, or procedures in your
area to your supervisor.
b. Explain Lock Out/Tag Out program.
8. MONROE COUNTY HAZARD REPORT
a. Hazards may be identified by means of Monroe County Hazard
Report (MC Form SAF-2).
b. Blank MC Form SAF-2 are located on the Safety Bulletin Board.
c. Forward a copy of hazard report to County Safety office for
hazards the USR cannot correct on the spot.
63
9. ACCIDENT REPORTING PROCEDURES
a. The immediate supervisor will be notified as soon as possible
after the occurrence of any job related injury or illness.
b. The immediate supervisor will notify the Unit Safety Represen-
tative. The unit Safety representative for our unit is
c. The Supervisor will complete an Accident Tnvestigation First
Report and forward within 24 hours of the accident.
d. Explain Division safety policy.
10. LOCATION OF SAFETY BULLETIN BOARD
a. Each safety bulletin board will be reviewed weekly.
b. Safety bulletin board is located
c. Safety bulletin board monitor is
II. LOCATION OF MEDICAL FACILITY AND PROCEDURES
FOR OBTAINING TREATMENT
a. Tdentify location of nearest medical facility (Emergency Room).
12. DOCUMENTATION AND NOTIFICATION OF
ON-THE-JOB INJURIES OR ILLNESS
a. Supervisor should know the appropriate forms to initiate when
a County employee is injured on the job.
(1) A Notice of Tnjuries Form DWC-l, must be completed and
forwarded to the County Safety office through the Employ-
ee Benefits Section for personal injury on the job.
(2) MC Form SAF-l, Accident Investigation Report, will be
completed by the supervisor and forwarded to County Safe-
ty office through the Employee Benefits Section for all
inju ries.
13. PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF THE MC FORM SAF-3,
NOTICE OF HAZARD
a. The MC Form SAF-3 is used to identify hazards in the work area
to all personnel exposed to the hazard.
b. All personnel will be briefed on the hazards.
64
c. The Unit Safety Representative will coordinate with the super-
visor as to when or where to post and remove the Notice of
Hazard.
14. INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ENSURING OWN SAFETY
a. The ultimate responsibility for Safety rests with the individu-
al.
b. Individual'must comply with established Division Safety direc-
tives and procedures and the Monroe County Safety Policies and
Procedures.
15. REQUIRED USE OF SEAT BELTS
a. Seatbelt use is mandatory for all employees whenever operating
or riding any motor vehicle.
b. A County motor vehicle will not be put into motion without the
driver and passengers fastening their seat belts.
16. PERSONNEL RIGHTS
a. Under the provisions set forth by the Occupational Safety and
Health program each employee has the right to a safe and
healthful work environment.
17. MANUAL LIFfING TRAINING
a. Supervisor must provide manual lifting training at least annu-
ally to all employees.
b. Personnel will receive initial lifting training within 30 days
of assignment.
c. Supervisor will develop a lesson plan to conduct manual lift-
ing training, and supplement with a training video available
through the County Safety office.
d. Training will be documented in the Division Safety Management
Book.
65
ISAFETY NOTESI
66
SECTION 4:
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
SAFETY IS EASY,
AFTER THE ANALYSIS IS DONE.
POISSON DISTRIBUTION
x -n f\ x-m
PIA) = In f\) e = m e
--xl m I
PIA) = Probability of an Accident
if x = II of occurrences of rare eventlaccident) = 0
m = n f\ = t/8
- f\t t/8
PIA) = 1 - e = 1 - e
P(A)
tie
1 - e
-
-
67
ISAFETY NOTES I
68
SECTION 4 -- JOB SAFETY ANAL YSIS (JSA)
A job is a sequence of separate steps or activities that, when put to-
gether, accomplish a work goal. Identifying hazards and stressing safe
procedures are part of job safety analysis and should be one of the
first steps taken where there is a possibility of injury to the worker.
(See sample JSA in this section.)
Here are the steps to follow when analyzing a job.
Select the Job
Jobs suitable for a job safety analysis (JSA) are those assign-
ments that a line supervisor may make. Operating a machine,
tapping a furnace, or piling warehouse goods are all subjects for JSA.
They are neither too broad nor too narrow.
Jobs should not be selected at random--those with the worst accident
experience should be analyzed first if JSA is to yield the quickest
possible return. If you do not have access to all your accident re-
ports, call Safety/Loss Control at X4455.
Break the Job Down
Before the search for hazards begins, a job should be broken down into a
sequence of steps, each describing what is being done. Avoid the two
commQn errors: (a) making the breakdown so detailed that an unnecessari-
ly large number of steps results, or (b) making the job breakdown so
general, that basic steps are not recorded.
The technique of making a job safety analysis involves these steps:
I. Selecting the right person to observe.
2. Briefing him on the purpose.
3. Observing him perform the job, and trying to break it into
basic steps.
4. Recording each step in the breakdown.
5. Checking the breakdown with the employee who was observed.
Select the employee who is experienced, capable, cooperative, and will-
ing to share ideas. This person will be easy to work with.
If the person has never helped on a job safety analysis, explain the
purpose--to make a job safe by identifying hazards and eliminating or
controlling them--and show him a completed JSA. Reassure the person
69
that it is the job, and not the person that is being studied, and that
the selection was based on experience and capability alone.
To determine the basic job steps, ask "What step starts the job?" Then,
"What is the next basic step?" and so on.
To record the breakdown, number the job steps consecutively as illustrat-
ed in the first column of the .JSA training guide, illustrated. Each
step tells what is done, not how.
The wording for each step should begin with an "action" word, like "re_
move", "open", or "weld". The action is completed by naming the item to
which the action applies.
Tn checking the breakdown with the worker who was observed, the supervi-
sor should obtain his agreement about what is done and the order of the
steps. The supervisor should thank the person for his cooperation.
Identify Hazards and Potential Accidents
Before filling in the next two columns of the .JSA-Potential Acci-
dents or Hazards and Recommended Safe .Job Procedure--begin the
search for hazards. The purpose is to idcntify all hazards--both
those produced by the environment and those connected with the
job procedure. Each step, and thus the entire job,must be made
safer and more efficient. To do this, ask yourself these ques-
tions about each step:
l. Ts there a danger of striking against, being struck by, or
otherwise making injurious contact with an object?
2. Can the person be caught in, on, or between objects?
3. Can he slip or trip? Can he fall on the same level or to
another?
4. Can he strain himself by pushing, pulling, or lifting?
5. Is the environment hazardous (toxic gas, vapor, mist, fume,
or dust, slippery floor, heat, or radiation)?
Close observation and job knowledge are required. You can repeat the
job observation as often as necessary llntil all hazards and potential
accidents have becn identified.
TncIude hazards that might result. Rccord the type of accident and
the agent involved. To note that an employee might injure a foot by
dropping a fire extinguisher, for example, write down '~struck by extin-
guisher".
Again check with the observed employee after the hazards and potential
accidcnts have been recorded. The experienced employee will probably
suggest additional ideas. You should also check with others who are
70
experienced with the job. Through observation and discussion, you will
develop a reliable list of hazards and potential accidents.
Develop Solutions
The final step in a JSA is to develop a recommended safe job procedure
to prevent occurrence of potential accidents. The principal solutions
are:
1. Find a new way to do the job.
2. Change the physical conditions that create the hazards.
3. To eliminate hazards still present, change the job procedure.
4. Try to reduce the necessity of doing a job, or at least the
frequency that it must be performed. This is particularly
helpful in maintenance.
To find an entirely new way to do a job, determine the work goal of the
job, and then analyze the various ways of reaching this goal to see
which way is safest. Consider work-saving tools and equipment.
If a new way cannot be found, then ask this question about each hazard
and potential accident listed: "What change in physical condition (such
as change in tools, materials, equipment; or location) will eliminate
the hazard or prevent the accident?"
When a change is found, study it carefully to find what other benefits
(such as greater production or time saving) will accrue. These benefits
should be pointed out when proposing the change to higher management.
They make good selling points.
The third step in solving the job-hazard problem is to investigate chang-
es in the job procedure. Ask of each hazard and potential accident
listed: "What should the worker do--or not do--to eliminate this particu-
lar hazard or prevent this potential accident?" Where appropriate, ask
an additional question, "How should he do it?" Tn most cases, you can
answer these questions from your own experience.
Answers must be specific and concrete if new procedures are to be any
good. General precautions--"be alert", "use caution", or "be care-
ful"nare useless. Answers should precisely state what to do and how to
do it. This recommendationn"Make certain the wrench does not slip or
cause loss of balance"nis only "half good". It does not tell how to
prevent the wrench from slipping.
Here, in contrast, is an example of a good recommen'ded safe procedure
that tells both "what" and "how": "Set wrench securely. Test its grip
by exerting a slight pressure on it. Brace yourself against something
immovable, or take a solid stance with fect wide apart, before excrting
full pressure. This prevents loss of balance if the wrench slips."
71
Often a repair or service job has to be repeated frequently because a
condition needs correction again and again. To reduce the necessity of
such a repetitive job, ask "What can be done to eliminate the cause of
the condition that makes excessive repairs or service necessary?" If
the cause cannot be eliminated, then ask "Can anything be done to mini-
mize the effects of the condition?"
Machine parts, for example, may wear out quickly and require frequent
replacement. Study of the problem may reveal excessive vibration i the
culprit. After reducing or eliminating the vibration, the machine parts
last longer and require less maintenance.
This fourth step--reducing frequency of a job--contributes to safety
only in that it limits the exposure. Every effort still should be made
to eliminate hazards and to prevent potential accidents through changing
physical conditions or revising job procedures or both.
Finally, check or test the proposed changes by reobserving the job and
discussing the changes with the men who do the job. Their ideas about
the hazards and proposed solutions may be of considerable value. They
can judge the practicality of proposed changes and perhaps suggest im-
provements. Actually these discussions are more than just a way to
check a .JSA. They are safety contacts that promote awareness of job
hazards and safe procedures.
Benefits of JSA
'The principal benefits that arise from job safety analysis are in these
phases of a supervisor's work:
Ghdng individual training in safe, efficient procedures.
Making employee safety contacts.
Instructing the new man on the job. (Can use .JSA to give initial
training.)
Preparing for planned safety observations.
Reviewing job procedures after accidents occur.
Studying jobs for possible improvement in job methods.
Identifying hazards and necessary personal protection equipment.
Providing information necessary to develop job safety briefing
guide.
Job Safety Dailv Briefin~ Guide and Operator's Checklist
For each .JSA an accompanying Job Safety Daily Briefing Guide should be
developed. This briefing guide will be used by the supervisor to brief
72
hazards, proper procedures and required protective equipment to employ-
ees prior to starting a job. (See sample in this section.)
Also, an Operator's Checklist can be written to ensure proper procedures
are followed. This will protect personnel and equipment. This check-
list can be placed right on the equipment for daily use and an abbreviat-
ed checklist can be made wallet size for each operator. (See samples in
this section.)
Safety Pro~ram
JSA's are a very important element in each organization's accident pre-
vention program and the System 7 Safety Program. Copies of each complet-
ed JSA along with the Job Safety Daily Briefing Guide should be sent to
the Safety/Loss Control office for review and comment. Each JSA on a
critical task should be reviewed annually to verify currency.
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83
SUPERVISOR'S DAILY SAFETY BRIEFING GUIDE
12" BANDIT DISC CHIPPER
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
1. EYE PROTECTION
2. HARD HAT
3. HEARING PROTECTION
4. GLOVES
HAZARDS OF THE JOB
1. PULLED INTO FEED WHEELS
-LOSE HAND. ARM OR WORSE
-NEVER PUT HANDS OR FEET IN INFEED CHUTE
-NO LOOSE CLOTHING; TUCK IN SHIRT; NO VEST
-NO LARGE GAUNTLET CUFF GLOVES
-FEED IN SMALL BRUSH ON TOP OF BRANCHES
2. EYE INJURIES
-ALWAYS WEAR EYE PROTECTION WITH SIDE SHIELDS
-KEEP UNAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL OUT OF THE AREA
3. INJURIES FROM BRANCHES
-ALWAYS WORK ON RIGHT SIDE OF THE INFEED CHUTE
-ALWAYS FEED IN LARGE END OF LOG FIRST
-WATCH OUT FOR POISON OAK: GET FIRST AID IF NEEDED
-KEEP WORKING AREA CLEAR OF SMALL BRUSH; USE CAUTION
NOT TO TRIP, YOU MAY NOT BE ABLE TO REACH THE SAFElY
CONTROL BAR IF NEEDED
DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT
1. ALWAYS USE PRESTART CHECKLIST. IF FOLLOWED IT WILL
PREVENT DAMAGE
2. NEVER BACK UP THE TRUCK WITHOUT A SPOTTER
3. LISTEN FOR METAL-TO-METAL OR UNUSUAL NOISES; IF YOU
HAVE ANY DOUBT STOP THE OPERATION AND HAVE IT CHECKED
4. NEVER OPEN THE DISC HOOD WITH THE DISC IN MOTION
5. NEVER START THE ENGINE WITH ANY GUARD NOT SECURED
6. MAKE SURE THE BLADES ARE SHARP BEFORE STARTING
SUPERVISOR'S DAILY SAFETY BRIEFING GUIDE
84
\
I
I
- ~"-
SUPERVISOR'S DAILY SAFETY IlRIEFlNG GUIDE
12' lJAN.DIT DISC CHIPPER
fI:~CTNE EOUIPUENT REOUlIlfD
1. EVE PROTECTION
2. HARD HAT
J. HEARING PROTECTION
.. GLOVES
II6ZI>llDS OF THE JOB
I. PUllED INTO FEED WHEELS
-lOSE llANO. ARM OR WORSE
-NEVER PUT llANOS OR FEET IN INFEED CHUTE
-NO lOOSE CLOTIIING; TUCr.IN SHIRT; NO VEST
-NO lARGE GAUNTI.ET CUFF GLOVES
-FEED IN SMAlL DRUSlI ON TOP OF ORANClIES
Z. EVE INJURIES
-N..WAYS WEAR EVE PROTECTION WITH SlOE SIUELDS
-r.EEP UNAIIT110RIZED PERSONNEL OUT OF TIlE AREA
J.INJUlUES FROll BRAHCHES
-AlWAYS WOJll( ON RIGIlT SIDE OF TIlE INFEED CHUTE
-AlWAYS FEED IN lARGE END OF LOG ARST
.wATCH OUT FOR POISON OAr.: GET f1RST AID If NEEDED
-l(EEP WORKING AREA ClEAR OF SMAll. BRUSH: USE CAU110N
NOT TO TRIP. YOU MAY NOT DE AIIU TO REACH TIlE SAFElY
CONlllOl BAR If NEEDED
pAMAGE TO EOUIMIENT
'.AlWAYS USE PRESTART CIIECIWST.IF FOu.owED ITWlll.
PREVENT IlAIoIAGE
2. NEVER BAtr. UP TIlE mucr. WlTIlOUT A SPOrnR
3. USTEN FOR llETAl-Tc>>tETAl OR UNUSUAl NOISES: IF YOU
HAVE NN DOUBT STOP TIlE OPERATION AND flAVE IT CIlEClED
.. NEVER OPEN TIlE DISC HOOD Wlnl THE DISC IN MOTION
5. NEVER START TIlE ENGINE WITH NN GUARD NOT SECURED .
I. MME SURE TIlE BlADES ARE S1WlP DEFORE STARTING
./
. .------...---------
12" BANDIT CHIPPER CHECKLIST
PRESTART CHECKS
1. Ensure key is out of stater switch
2. Setup barricades/men working sign/traffic cones when working by
road and traffic
3. Put truck transmission in park or low gear, engage emergency
brake; use wheel chocks on any incline
4. If the chipper is not attached to a truck, lower jack stand and
use chocks on the chipper wheel
5. Check pintle(trailer hitch) lock pin installed
6. Check fuel level; check for diesel fuel and no gasoline
7. Remove disc lock pin and mannually rotate the chipper disc one
full revolution opposite the normal direction; check for loose
nuts, clear debris with tool from tool box and ensure proper
clearances
8. Check hydraulic fluid level
9. Check hinged half hood pin installed and hinge in good condition
10. Check safety control bar and 6 lock nuts for tightness; check
bar is in the full forward position
ll. Check infeed chute is clear of tools, debris, etc.
12. Check for leaks around hydraulic lines
13. Check engine oil level; remove engine cover and replace
14. Check all warning and instructional decals for legibility
l5. Point discharge spout in proper direction and secure
16. Put on all personal protective equipment
STARTING
1. Position the safety control bar to the center position, push
the throttle in and start the engine
2. Set engine RPM to exactly 500
3. Engage the clutch; check for metal-to-metal or unusual noises
4. Position the safety control bar to the full forward position
5. Set 1000 RPM for warmup of engine and hydraulic fluid - 2 to 4
minutes; longer for cold weather
6. Position logs and branches while engine is warming up
7. Set engine RPM to 2500
8. Check operation of the safety control bar; check for smooth
operation and any unusual noises
10. Check that the area is clear of persons or vehicles
11. Check for lose clothing before you start feeding
12. From right side of infeed chute start feeding logs, big end
first
SHUTDOWN
1. Close throttle; Disengage clutch; shut off engine; remove key
EXPANDED CHECKLIST FOR CHIPPER MACHINE DECAL
85
1211 BANDIT CHIPPER CHECKLIST
PRESTART CHECKS
1. Remove ignition key
2. Setup traffic signs/cones
3.Truck in park/low; eroer. brake on; or if chipper
separate~ lower jack and install chocks
4. Check hitch pin installed
5. Check fuel level
6. Rotate chipper disc~ check loose -nuts/clearance
7. Check hydraulic fluid level
8. Check hood pin installed; hood in good condition
9. Check safety control bar/lock nuts/condition
10. Check infeed chute clear
". Check for hydraulic leaks
, 2. Check engine oil
, 3. Position discharge spout
, 4. Put on personal protective equipment
STARTING
1. Center safety control bar
2 Start engine; set 500 RPM
3. Engage clutch; check for unusual noises
4. Safety. control bar full forward
5. Set 1000 RPM; warmup 2 - 4 minutes
6. Set 2500 RPM
7. Check opera~ion of safety control bar
A Check area clear
9. Check loose clothing
1 O.Feed from right side of infeed chute
SHUTDOWN
1. Close throttle
2. Disengage clutch
3. Shut off engine
.II. Remove key
II .12" U^.NOI.T. C...I.III'I'UI CIILC!-;liST
I'BE.SJ,,(\.Ulll.;q;S
1. F~umovu i~lmllun kuy
Z. Sntup trollie l;iUn!i/cunus
J,Truck in pork/low: r.mcr. broko on.; .:;r i2 u..ppcr
scparolc_ lower jock and in:;.loU chocA.s
'I. Chock hitch pin instaUed
5. Chock lucllovcl -
6. Rolulu chippur disc. chuck IODse IhllSic:eGn),D. <:0 I
7. Chuck hyurnulic fluid luvnl
B. Chock huod pi~"ll4MJ; hood in good Cl:K";.d.d.ion-r
9. ChOf;k. HUffIlY. conlro. 111m/lock nuls/c:oAd.lltoa
1 n. Chock jolood chulo clunr
11. Check tor hydraulic leaks
12. Chock engine 011
1 J. Position discharge :>pout I
1 'I. Pill IIn pcr:JonuJ Juotcclive equipment I
.S.IlIlJIlliJL
1. Center sofety control bar
Z Start unginc; sel 500 RPM
J. Enqogo clulch; check for unusual nOises
4. Sufuty control bur full fUrwClUJ
S. Sutl non '.lPM; wurmuJ:I Z - .. minules
U. Sol Z!iOU HPM
1. Chock oporalion 0' salely control bOl
II Check area clear
~. Chock 1006u clolhing
, O.Food Irom right toido 01 inloed chulo
SjjJJ-IQ.(LWN
1. Close throlllc
2. Disongago clutch
J. Shut 011 un~Jino
4. Rnmuvn kuy
ABREVIATED CHECKLIST FOR WALLET SIZE LAMINATED CARD
86
SECTION 5:
HAZARD CLASSIFICATION CODES
ClASS A ClASS 8
'----- _---:::;::;;;;;;:i;;;;:=:::='::---=------=--
--~ ~ ~
ClASS C
ClASS D
")1
11
I
\
~
~
-
!SAFETY NOTES I
88
SECTION 5 -- HAZARD CLAS.SIFICATION CODES (HCC)
Purpose
Hazard classification codes will be used to categorize each hazard as to
severity and expected frequency of occurrcnce. The risk of injury
and property damage must be assessed for hazards to assist in determin-
ing the priority of corrective actions. All risk cannot be eliminated
due to very limited resources, so this Hazard/Risk assessment system
becomes very important in identifying high risk hazards that deserve
priority. Without this system all hazards appear similar unless time
consuming research into the details of the situation is accomplished.
This system allows priorities to be assigned vcry quickly.
Scope
HCCs will be assigned to all identified hazards by trained personnel.
Every accident obviously has an associated hazard which must be classi-
fied. Each corrective action identified should reduce the severity
and/or frequency and will be assigned a ncw HCC. A cost benefit as-
sessment can be done for each level of corrective action (see Hazard
Worksheet, MC Form SAF-4) to determine the best action to take and
when.
Trainin~
All safety representatives and supervisors should be trained on this
system. The Safety Director will train all safety representatives and
as many supervisors as possible. Safety representatives will train
supervisors who cannot attend training by the Safety Direct.or.
Hazard/Risk Assessment System
Each hazard is first assessed for severity. This assessment should
answer the question: "What is the worst credible accident that could
possibly be caused by this hazard?"
There are four (4) hazard severity categories:
A (catastrophic)- death, scvere permanent disability, complete
loss of a facility, or costs over
$300,000.00.
B (critical) - Sevcre injury, severe occupational illness, or
costs betwcen $100,000.00 and $300,000.00.
C (marginal) Minor injury, minor occupational illness with
lost work time of at least one day, or
costs between $1,000.00 and $100,000.00.
D (negligible) - Very minor injury with less than a day lost
work time, or costs less than $1,000.00.
The second element in the HCC is the frequency category. Frequency
categories are determined based on previous or similar mishap data when
available. When supporting data is not available an estimate will be
89
made bascd on detailed knowlcdge of the hazard and experience. These
estimates will not be inflated. Overstating the case would undermine
the effectiveness of the system and should be avoided. The most impor-
tant step is idcntifying the hazard and then the HCC can be used as a
tool to help prioritize corrective actions. There arc five (5) frequen-
cy of occurrence categories:
1 (Frequent) - Expected to occur multiple times per year.
2 (Probable) - Expected to occur within one year.
3 (Occasional)- Expected to occur within fivc years.
4 (Remote) Expected to occur within ten years.
5 (fmprobable)- Unlikely to occur but possible.
HCCs are grouped into four (4) classes. Thesc classes quantify risk
and should be assigned priority according to the risk involved.
High Risk
A3, B2, CI and above
(includes AI, A2 and B 1)
A4, B3, C2 and 01
B4, C3 and 02
Moderate
Low.Risk
Very Low Risk - A5, B5, C4, C5, 03, 04 and 05
Even though very low risks will probably not receive priority for
resources, Level 4 corrective actions should still be accomplished
(Brief personnel on the hazard, add to safety briefing checklists, etc.).
90
HAZARD/RISK ASSESSMENT
MATRIX
** FREQUENCY OF
OCCURRENCE
FREQUENT
1
MULTIPLE TIMES PER YEAR
PROBABLE
2
WITHIN ONE YEAR
OCCASIONAL
3
WITHIN 5 YEARS
REMOTE
4
WITHIN 10 YEARS
IMPROBABLE
5
UNLIKELY TO HAPPEN
* HAZARD SEVERITY CATEGORIES
CATASTROPHIC
CRITICAL
MARGINAL
NEGLIGIBLE
A
B
C
D
A5
B5
C5
D5
* Hazard Severity Catagories provide a qualitative measure of the worst
credible mishap(accident) possible.
** Frequency will be determined based on previous or similiar mishap
data when available.
(A) CATASTROPHIC - Death, permanent disability, complete loss of facility, or costs
over $300,000.00.
(B) CRITICAL - Severe injury, severe occupational illness, or costs up to $300,00.00.
(C) MARGINAL - Minor injury, minor occupational illness with lost work time(7 1/2
hours or more), or costs up to $100,000.00.
(D) NEGLIGIBLE - Very minor injury with less than a day lost work time or costs
less than $1,000.00.
.
HIGH
RISK
~....IJ....
... ........
...,. ".-....
... .......
..".. ... "'"
. -. .... ....
.,.. .... - ,.
.. .........
".- -..... ".
..... -"..
.. ..... ....
..... .., ...
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. ..... ......
... ........
...... ..... ...
..... ......
........ ....
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
D
LOW
RISK
MODERATE
RISK
VERY LOW
RISK
91
ISAFETY NOTES I
92
SECTION 6:
- ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
ISAFETY NOTES I
94
...._.._.__H-.-_._ I
SECTION 6 -- ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
INTRODUCTION
Dcfmition:
Accident -- An unplanned event that interrupts the completion of an
activity.
Purpose:
All accidents, no matter how minor, should be reported. Even if there
was no property damage or injury, a near miss that had the potential for
a serious accident should be reported. This does not mean that all
accidents and near misses have to be fully investigated. But when there
is a good accident reporting system, it will show trends and patterns
which can be used to prevent serious accidents. Accident reports will
also improve awareness and establish costs.
Who Invcstigates:
Most accidents will be investigated by the supervisor (Class C and 0
mishaps, see Hazard/Risk Assessment Matrix, Section 5).
Class C and 0 mishaps with the potential of being more severe will be
investigated by a Division or Department Safety Representative that has
received accident investigation training or a team including the supervi-
sor and at least one trained investigator. Management can also be repre-
sen ted.
All Class A and B mishaps will be investigated by or with the assistance
of the County Safety Director.
INVESTIGATION PROCESS
1. Safe to Enter Area
Ensure no hazard still exists that may cause further injury or
property damage before entering the area of the accident.
2. Mcdieal Attention
Ensure injured personnel receive first aid and call an ambulance as
soon as possible if required.
3. Secure the Area
Keep unauthorized personnel out of the area to prevent other inju-
ries and protect evidence.
4. Identifv Witnesses
Get names, addresses and phone numbers of all witnesses. A valu-
able witness docs not necessarily have to have seen the accident.
Someone who has knowledge of pre-accident conditions or saw the
victim before the accident could have important information for the
investigation.
95
5. Develop Visual Aids
Take photographs and measurements; make sketches.
6. Procure hard evidence
Search the accident scene for evidence. Collect and save hard
evidence for further evaluation.
1. Review Records and Reports
-Check for training documentation
-- Review for timeliness, applicability and content
-Review maintenance records
- Review inspection reports
8. Conduct Interviews
-As soon as possible
--Write down key questions before starting
--When feasible conduct interviews at the scene
- Interview witnesses privately
-State the purpose of the interview -- prev€;ntion
-~sk for their version of what happened
- Listen to witness -- don't interrupt
-Discuss .ideas on prevention
-Close positively -- thank the individual
9. Write the Report
A. Identify the source of injury/damage. What object or sub-
stance caused the injury/damage. What part of the object
caused the injury/damage and how? Identify the chemical or
liquid. Identify the motion if it caused the injury/damage.
B. Tdentify unsafe acts. (See "List of Unsafe Acts") Tn most
accidents an unsafe act occurs and should be identified.
Unsafe acts are symptoms of underlying root causes.
C. Tdentify specific hazardous conditions, environment, people
or management system that could be a contributing factor.
(See "Causal Factors and Possible Corrective Actions")
ROOT CAUSES of accidents usually fall under one of the follow-
ing categories:
-Inadequate training
-Poor enforcement
96
-Failure to inspect
-No written job specifications/procedures
-Dubious purchasing methods
-Employee selection is questionahle
D. Identify expert assistance where needed. An engineering
analysis of structural strength or an analysis of the dynam-
ics may be required. An unknown substance may need identify-
ing. Contact your Safety Representative or the Monroe County
Safety office for help.
E. Consolidate all information. Put all information together
and accurately reconstruct the accident. Go through each
phase -- conditions before the accident, events/steps during
the accident sequence, and conditions after the accident.
Identify what could have prevented the accident in each phase.
F. Develop corrective/preventative actions. (See Causal Factors
and Possible Corrective Actions) The main purpose of the
investigation is to prevent it happening again. Next time it
could be a lot Worse. There are four levels of corrective
actions:
Levell -- Completely eliminate the unsafe condition or
hazard; e.g., tear down old and build new building, buy new
vehicle or equipment, new engineering design,
change/eliminate procedure or task, etc.
Level 2 -- Temporary patch to strengthen structure, safety
interlocks (if a guard is removed the machine will not oper-
ate), add guards or physical barrier, etc.
.
Level 3 -- Warning signs, "Notice of Hazard"
form,lockout/tagout equipment, add Personal Protective
Equipment.
Level 4 -- Brief personnel on the hazard, add to safety
bricfing/training checklist, etc.
The higher the level of corrective action, the higher the
level of Safety. Levels 1 and 2 actions, while preferred
ovcr Lcvcls 3 and 4, cost money and take a lot of time and
must be supplemented by at least Level 4 actions to reduce
the risk in the interim. Some Accident Investigation Reports
should contain recommendations for all four corrective action
levels. You, as the supervisor, are rcsponsible for taking
Levcl 4 actions as soon as possible.
G. Complete the Accident Investigation Report. Fdllow instruc-
tions on the back of the form; fill in all scctions (N / A or
none where appropriate). Avoid using jargon or acronyms that
may not be understood by reviewers of the report. Use extra
sheets of paper. A thorough report, in most cases, will not
fit on the report form. All Accident Investigation Reports
will be reviewed by the Safety Director. Any comments and
97
recommendations by the Safety Director will be returned to
the supervisor that completed the report. Excellent reports
will be recognized. NOTE: Accidents that are prevented
eliminate the need for an investigation and report. Let's
concentrate on preventing accidents.
H. Follow-up. Make sure corrective actions are accomplished and
are effective. Schedule inspections.
10. Accident Costs
Direct (obvious) costs are only a small fraction of the total costs
of an accident. Tndirect (hidden) costs account for three to seven
times the direct costs. Actual costs include all or part of the
following:
- Medical compensation
- Hospital medical costs
-Property/equipment damage
-Equipment down time
- Lost efficiency (work takes longer or employee replacement not
proficient)
..
-Tnvestigation/report time (supervisor and others)
-Scrap/rework
-Overtime premium
.
-Training for new personnel
-Management time to review reports
-Clerical time spent on accident
- Time paid to injured employee
-Other employees' time
-Costs associated with placing injured on other work when unable to
perform regular work
- T nsu rance costs
-Public liability claims
-Cost of renting equipment
-Medical costs not covered by Workers Compensation insurance
98
LIST OF UNSAFE ACTS
(1) Improper lifting
(2) Carrying heavy load
(3) Incorrect gripping
(4) Lifting without protective wear
(5) Reaching to lift
(6) Lifting and turning
(7) Lifting and bending
(8) Improper grinding
(9) Improper pouring
(10) Swinging tool toward body
(11) Not using or improper eye protection
(12) Improper foot wear
(13) Loose cIothing--moving parts
(14) No hair net or cap
(15) Wearing rings
(16) Fingers/hands under dies
(17) Operating equipment at unsafe speeds/h(lste
(18) Foot pedal unguarded
(19) Failure to use guard
(20) Guard adjusted improperly
(21) Climbing on machines
(22) Reaching into machine
(23) Standing in front of machine
(24) Leaning on running machines
(25) Not using push stick (jigs)
(26) Failure to use hand tools
(27) Walking under load
(28) Leaning-suspended load
(29) Improper use of compressed air
(30) Carrying by lead wires
(31) Table too crowded
(32) Hands and fingers bctween mctal boxcs
(33) Power tools not grounded
(34) Grinding on tool rest
(35) Feet under carts or loads
(36) Pushing carts improperly
(37) Pulling carts improperly
(38) Hands or feet outside lift truck
(39) Loose material under foot
(40) Tmproper piling of material
(41) Unsafe loading of truck
(42) U nsafc loading of skids
(43) Unsafe loading of racks
(44) Unsafe loading of conveyors
(45) Using defective equipment.
(46) Using defective tools
(47) Evidence of horseplay
(48) Running in area
(49) Repairing/oiling moving machine
(50) No lockout on machine
99
(51) Not wearing gloves
(52) Not wearing hard hat
(53) Improper backing of vehicle
(54) Not using safety belts
(55) DUI
(56) Failure to obey traffic rules
(57) Improper maintenance of equipment
(58) Not using hearing protection
(59) Smoking in unauthorized areas
(60) Operating machinery under medication
that causes drowsiness
(61) Improper storage of material
(62) Using improper tool(s)
(63) Not using respirator/air breathing equipment
(64) Handling packages/cartons by steel straps
(65) Failure to clear area of personnel or equipment
(66) Failure to clean up spill/slick surface
(67) Overloaded equipment.
(68) Improper use of object as ladder
(69) Tmproper use of ladder
(70) Operating machine left unattended
(71) Inadequate training in hazardous task
(72) Use of unauthorized solvent/chemical
(73) Not using safety jack stands/safety leg/
stops/chocks, etc.
(74) Improper ventilation
(75) EqUIpment/load inadequately secured
(76) Failure to use or improper use of barriers
(77) Tripping hazard not removed or marked/highlighted
100
CAUSAL FACTORS AND POSSIBLE CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
HAZARDOUS CONDITION as a contributing factor
Defect in equipment------------------ Review procedure for in-
specting, reporting, main-
taining, repairing, replac-
ing, or recalling defec-
tive equip-
ment/tool/material used.
Hazardous condition
not recognized----------------------- Perform job safety analy-
sis. Improve employee
ability to recognize exist-
ing or potential hazardous
conditions. Provide test
equipment, as required, to
detect hazard. Review any
change or modification of
equipment/tool/material.
Hazardous condition
not reported------------------------- Train employees in report-
ing procedures. stress
individual acceptance of
responsibility.
Employee(s) no~ informed
of hazardous condition
&/or unfamiliar with interim
avoidance procedure------------------- Review job procedures for
hazard avoidance. Review
supervisory responsibili-
ty. Improve supervisor-em-
ployee communications.
No equipment inspection
procedure to detect the
hazardous condition------------------ Develop and adopt proce-
dures to detect hazardous
conditions. Conduct test.
101
Existing equipment inspection
procedure(s) did not detect
the hazardous condition-------------- Review procedures. Change
frequency or comprehensive-
ness. Provide test equip-
ment as required. Improve
employee ability to detect
defects and hazardous
conditions. Change job
procedures as required.
Incorrect equipment/tool/
material used--------.---------------- Specify correct equip-
ment/tool/material in job
procedures.
Correct equip/tool/material
not readily available---------------- Provide correct equip-
ment/tool/material. Review
purchasing specifications
and procedures. Anticipate
future requirements.
Employees unsure where
to obtain required equip/
tool/material------------------------- Review procedures for
storage, access, delivery,
or distribution. Review
job procedures for obtain-
ing equip-
ment/tool/material.
.
Substitute equipment/tool/
material used in place of
correct one-------------------------- Provide correct equip-
ment/tool/material. Warn
against use of substitutes
in job procedures and in
job instruction.
Design of the equipment/
tool create operator stress
or encouraged operator
error----------------.---------------... Review human factors engi-
neering principles. Alter
equipment/tool to make it
more compatible with human
capability and limita-
tions. Review purchasing
procedures and specifica-
tions. Check out new equip-
ment and job procedures
involving new equipment
before putting into ser-
vice. Encourage employees
102
to report potential hazard-
ous conditions created by
equipment design.
General design or quality
of the equipment/tool
contributed to a hazard-
ous condition------------------------ Review criteria in
codes, standards, specifi-
cations, and regulations.
Establish new criteria as
required.
ENVIRONMENT as a contributing factor
Location/position of equip./
material/employee contributed
to a hazardous condition-------------- Perform job safety analy-
sis. Review job proce-
dures. Change the loca-
tion, position, or layout
of the equipment. Change
position of employee.
Provide guardrails,
barricades, barriers,
warning lights, signs, or
signals.
Hazardous condition
not recognized----------------------- Perform job safety analy-
sis. Improve employee
ability to recognize exist-
ing or potential hazardous
conditions. Provide test
equipment, as required, to
detect hazard. Review any
change or modification of
equipment/tools/materials.
Hazardous condition
not reported------------------------- Train employees in report-
ing procedures. stress
individual acceptance of
responsibility.
Employee(s) not informed
of hazardous condition
&/or unfamiliar with interim
avoidance procedure------------------- Review job procedures for
hazard avoidance. Review
supervisory responsibili-
ty. Improve supervisor-em-
ployee communications.
103
Take action to remove or
minimize hazard.
Employee(s) not supposed
to be in the vicinity of the
equipment/material-------------------- Review job procedures and
instruction. Provide
guardrails, barricades,
barriers, warning lights,
signs, or signals.
Hazardous condition was
created by the location/
position of equipment/
material not visible to
employees---------------------------- Change lighting or layout
to increase visibility of
equipment. Provide
guardrails, barricades,
barriers, warning lights,
signs or signals, floor
stripes, etc.
Insufficient workspace--------------- Review workspace require-
ments, modify as required.
Environmental conditions
a contributing factor---------------- Monitor, or periodically
check, environmental condi-
tions as required. Check
results against acceptable
levels. Initiate action
for those found unaccept-
able.
PEOPLE as a contributing factor
No written or known
procedure (rule) for job------------- Perform job safety analy-
sis and develop safe job
procedure.
Job procedures did not
anticipate the factors that
contributed to the accident---------- Perform job safety analy-
sis and change job proce-
dure.
Employees did not know
the job procedure-------------------- Improve job instruction.
Train employees in correct
job procedures.
104
---
Employee deviated from
the known job procedure-------------- Review employee require-
ments for the job. Improve
employee selection. Remove
or transfer employees who
are temporarily, either
mentally or physically,
incapable of performing
the job.
Tasks in job procedures
were too difficult to perform
(i.e., excessive concentration
or physical demands)----------------- Change job design and
procedures.
Job structure encourages
or requires deviation from
job procedures (i.e., incentive,
piecework, workpace)------------------ Change job design and
procedures.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Appropriate PPE not
specified for the task/job----------- Review methods to specify
PPE requirements.
Appropriate PPE
not available--------.---------------- Provide appropriate PPE.
Review purchasing and
distribution procedures.
Employees did not know
how to use/maintain PPE-------------- Improve job instruction.
PPE not used properly
when the injury occurred-------------- Determine why and take
appropriate action. Imple-
ment procedures to monitor
and enforce use of PPE.
PPE not adequate--------------------- Review PPE require-
ments. Check standards,
specifications, and certi-
fication of the PPE.
105
Emergency equipment
not readily available---------------- Install emergency equip-
ment at appropriate loca-
tions.
Emergency equipment
not properly used-------------.------- Incorporate use of emergen-
cy equipment in job proce-
dures.
Emergency equipment
functioned improperly---------------- Establish inspec-
tion/monitoring system for
emergency equipment. Pro-
vide for immediate repair
of defects.
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS as a contributing factor
Failure by supervision
to detect, anticipate, or
report hazardous condition----------- Improve supervisor capabil-
ity in hazard recognition
and reporting procedures.
Failure by supervision
to detector correct deviations
from job procedure------------------- Review job safety analysis
and job procedures. In-
crease supervisor monitor-
ing. Correct deviations.
No supervisor/employee
review of hazards and job
procedures for tasks
performed infrequently--------------- Establish a procedure that
requires a review of haz-
ards and job procedures
(preventive actions) for
tasks performed infrequent-
ly.
Supervisor's responsibility
and accountability
inadequately defined
and understood----------------------- Define and communicate
supervisory responsibility
and accountability. Test
for understandability and
acceptance.
106
Supervisor inadequately
trained to fulfill assigned
responsibility in accident
prevention--------------------------- Train supervisors in acci-
dent prevention fundamen-
tals.
Failure to initiate corrective
action for known hazardous
condition that contributed
to this accident--------------------- Review management safety
policy and level of risk
acceptance. Establish
priorities based on poten-
tial severity and probabil-
ity of recurrence. Review
procedure and responsibili-
ty to initiate and carry
out corrective actions.
Monitor progress.
107
DETERMINING_. PREVENTABI LITY _9_F __~HICLJt._ ACCIDENTS
Listed below are a series of questions that may be used in deter-
mining preventabi Ii ty. Additional questions may be needed and
used to suit local conditions provided a uniform procedure is
followed in all cases. It is important that every decision be
made on the basis of facts with impartiality and fairness.
J~RSECTION ACCIDENTS
a. Did the employee approach the intersection
at a safe speed for the condition?
b. Was the employee prepared to stop before
entering the intersection?
c. At a blind corner did the employee pullout
slowly, ready to shift hisjher right foot to
the brake pedal?
d. Did the employee make sure the other driver
would stop for a traffic light or stop sign?
e. Did the employee obey all traffic signs?
f. Did the employee signal well in advance of
hisjher change in direction?
g. Did the e~ployee turn from the proper lane?
h. Was the employee alert for the turns of
other vehicles?
i. Did the employee avoid overtaking and pass-
ing in the intersection?
j.
Did the employee refrain
starting signal or riding
tion light?
from jumping the
through the c au-
HIT OTHER IN REAR
a. Was the employee maintaining the safe follow-
ing distance, namely one (1) car length for
every ten (10) miles per hour of travel?
(This distance should be doubled at night
and doubled again in wet weather.)
b. Was the employee keeping his/her eyes and
mind ahead of the car in front?
108
c. Did the employee approach the green traffic
light cautiously expecting the driver ahead
to stop suddenly on the signal change?
d. Did the employee keep from skidding?
BACKING ACCIDENTS
a. Did the employee have to park so close to
the car ahead as to require backing to leave
the parking space?
b. Was it necessary to drive into the narrow
street, dead end alley, or driveway from
which the employee backed?
c. If the employee could not see where he/she
was backing did the employee use proper
precaution? (Failure to do any two of the
six would warrant a "no" answer):
Did the employee look all around the vehicle
before getting in?
Did the employee back immediately after
looking?
Did the employee use hisjher horn while
backing?
Did the employee look to the rear without
depending on the rear vision mirror?
If the distance was long, did the employee
stop, get out, and look around occasionally?
d. Did the employee back slowly?
e. Did the employee judge his backing clearance
accurately?
PEDESTRIANS
a. Did the employee drive through congested
sections, expecting that pedestrians would
step in front of his/her car?
b. Was the employee prepared to stop?
c.
Did the employee keep
between hisjher vehicle
safety permitted?
as much clearance
and parked cars as
109
d. Did the employee refrain from passing vehi-
cles that had stopped to allow pedestrians
to cross?
e.
Did the employee refrain
starting signal or riding
tion light?
from jumping the
through the cau-
f. Was the employee aware of groups of children
and was he/she prepared to stop if one ran
into the street?
g. Did the employee give all pedestrians the
right-of-way?
h. Did the employee refrain from passing school
buses which were stopped?
PULLING FROM THE CURB
a. Did the employee look front to rear for
approaching and overtaking traffic immediate-
ly before starting to pullout?
b. Did the employee look back rather than de-
pend upon rear vision mirror?
c. Did the employee signal before pulling from
the curb?
d. Did the employee start out only when hisjher
action would not require traffic to change
its speed or direction in order to avoid
himjher?
e. Did the employee continue to glance back as
he/she pulled out?
SKIDDING
a. Was the employee keeping at least twice the
safe following distance for dry pavement -
one car length for every 10 mph of speed?
PARKED
a. Was the employee parked on the right side of
the road?
b. Was it necessary to park near the intersec-
tion?
110
c. Did the employee have to park on the travel
part of the highway, on a curve or on a hill?
d. Where required, did the employee warn traf-
fic by flag or flare?
e. Did the employee park parallel to the curb?
f. Was it necessary to park so close to the
alley or directly across from the driveway?
BEAD-ON COLLISIONS
a. Was the employee on his/her side of the road?
b. Did the employee take proper evasive actions?
c. Was the employee's speed too great for condi-
tions?
d. Was the employee's vehicle under control?
ALL OTHERS
a. Could the employee have done anything to
avoid the accident?
b. Was the employee's speed safe for conditions?
c. Did the employee obey all traffic signals?
d. Was the employee's vehicle under control?
e. Had the employee followed his/her routing
and delivery instructions?
f. Did the employee call in for help when in
doubt?
g. Did the employee report this accident as
soon as he/she returned?
h.
If involved in a high
employee have hisjher
flashers and headlights
speed chase,
siren, blue
on?
di d the
lights,
i. Did the employee follow all office policies?
j. Has this employee been involved in other
auto accidents in the past 36 months?
111
k.
Did the employee secure
necessary for a thorough
this accident?
all information
investigation of
112
SECTION 7:
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
SAFETY PROGRAM
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ISAFETY NOTES I
114
SECTION 7 --
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
SAFETY PROGRAM
Hazardous Properties
Toxic
A great many chemicals are toxic. If allowed to enter the body through
the nose, mouth, or skin, they can make you sick. Fumes, dust, and
vapors from toxic materials can be especially harmful because they can
be inhaled and pass quickly from the lungs into the blood.
Corrosive
Materials like strong acids and bases can eat right through other sub-
stances--including your clothing. If splashed on the skin or eyes, they
can cause serious burns. Some of these materials form poisonous gases.
Explosive
Some materials can explode when they are exposed to heat or flame.
Included in this category are materials like flammable liquids and
compressed gases, which can explode under certain conditions.
Flammable
This category includes all materials that catch fire easily, burn rapid-
ly, spread quickly, and give off intense heat. Many materials used and
stored in the workplace are flammable, including many solvents and
lubricants.
Reactive
These materials can burn when exposed to air or water--and some when
mixed with other substances. Reactive materials don't have to be near
heat or flames to burn. They burn spontaneously. They can also give
off vapors that can be hazardous.
When Working with Hazardous Materials
Pay Attention To Warning Signs
They tell you hazardous materials are present and what you should and
shouldn't do around them. Make sure you pay attention to these signs.
Read All Labels Carefully
You should always read the labels on the containers of materials you
handle. If no label is prcsent, do not use the material until you've
learned the necessary safety precautions.
Get Additional Information When In Doubt
Because not all labels provide you with all the information you may
need, you should turn to the Material Safcty Data Shect--Or MSDS--for
that chemical. What is an MSDS? It provides vital information about thc
115
hazardous materials in your work area. Your supervisor can tell you
where to find the MSDS you need. An MSDS provides the following informa-
tion:
]. Identity-- The first section of the MSDS tells you the name
of the chemical. This is the same name that's on the contain-
er's label.
2. Hazardous Ingredient..,u This section tells you the chemical
names for all the substances that make up this particular
hazardous material.
3. Physical/Chemical Characteri.,ticsuAnother section pro-
vides additional important information concerning the materi-
al's appearance and odor of the materia], its boiling point,
vapor pressure, vapor density, so]ubility in water, melting
point, and evaporation rate.
4. Fire and Explosion Hazardsu The MSDS will also tell you
when the material might catch fire or .explode and what you
can do to deal with these hazards. Special instructions are
included here.
5. Reactivity--Some materials can burn or explode when ex-
posed to air or water--or when mixed with other substances.
These materials are reactive, and this section tells you
the conditions under which these materials become dangerous,
so that you can avoid exposing the material to these condi-
tions.
6. Health Hazards-- This is another very important section,
because it tells you how the hazardous material could harm
you. It tells you the symptoms of exposure and the emergency
first-aid procedures to use in case of overexposure.
7. Precautions for Safe Handling and UseuPerhaps most impor-
tant of all, this section contains detailed instructions for
safe handling of the substance. It tells you how to store,
move, and use these materials. In addition, this section
tells you what to do in case of a spill or leak.
8. Control Measures-- This section tells you what personal
protective equipment to use when working with the ,material.
It also lists safe work procedures and tells you how to
clean up after working and before eating so that the materi-
al won't harm you or contaminate your food.
There should be an MSDS for every hazardous material in your
workplace. Each MSDS provides you with valuable information about pro-
116
tccting yourself and your coworkers when working with or near the ma-
terial. Make sure to read the MSDS for each hazardous material in your
workplace and find out everything you need to know to work safely with
these materials.
A<ik Questions If You Don't Understand
If after reading the warning label and the MSDS, you still have ques-
tions--don't let them go unanswered! Ask your supervisor to explain.
Ask your supervisor, whenever...
You're in doubt about the proper procedures for h('lndling or use.
You're not sure what safety equipment to use or what other precau-
tions to take.
You don't completely understand the safety rules.
How To Protect Y our Health?
1. Use the protective equipment required by your employer--and use
it properly and routinely.
2. Keep work areas and tools clean.
3. Keep work clothes clean and make sure they are in good condition.
(Holes and tears allow chemicals to come in contact with the
skin.)
4. Never wear clothes or safety equipment that has been contaminated
by hazardous materials.
5. Remove contact lenses when entering work areas where chemical
vapors may be present.
6. Wash according to instructions if any hazardous material splashes
on you.
7. Always wash before applying makeup or lotion, and before putting
on rubber gloves.
8. Wash at the end of your shift.
9. Smoke, eat, or drink only in designated areas--NEVER around haz
ardous materials. And be sure to wash first.
10. Dispose of all chemicals, contaminated rags, etc., according to
117
required procedures--usually into a covered container for daily
disposal. But never assume that any covered trash container is to
be used. Ask your supervisor.
11. Clothing worn while handling hazardous materials should never be
mixed with home laundry.
Overexposure to hazardous materials can:
Make you feel dizzy.
Make you sick to your stomach.
Make your eyes, nose, and throat irritated.
Give you skin rashes.
Make you feel especially nervous, agitated, or sluggish.
If you feel any of these symptoms while working with or near hazardous
materiaLc;--notify your supervisor immediately.
ChemicaLc; in the Eyes
Don't rub the eye(s).
Hold the eyelid(s) open and flush eyes with clean water. Continue for
15 to 20 minutes.
Be careful not to contaminate the other eye.
Chemicals on the Skin
Flush burned area thoroughly with lukewarm water for at least 5 min-
utes. Be sure to wash chemical away completely.
Remove clothing and jewelry from burn area. If clothing sticks to burn,
do not try to remove it.
Seek further medical attention.
Ingestion
Induce vomiting only if instructed by MSDS. When chemicals have been
swallowed, making the victim vomit mayor may not be the right thing to
do. Be prepared ahead of time by checking the MSDS for all chemicals in
your work area.
Get immediate medical attention.
Clothing on Fire
STOP moving around.
DROP to the ground with your arms across your chest.
118
ROLL on the ground in a rug or blanket if possible.
COOL burns with clean water. Never cover them with butter or grease.
Chemical burns should receive prompt medical attention.
For specific first aid procedures for particular hazardous materials,
read the emergency instructions on the MSDS.
And remember...report all injuries to your supervisor and get further
medical attention as soon as possible.
Working with Hazardous Materials
Make sure hazardous materials are properly stored according to company
rules.
Don't store materials in aisles, or where they are blocking exits.
Make sure all containers are stored with label~ showing.
Make sure flammable and combustible materials are not stored near a
heat source.
Check for adequate ventilation.
.
Eat, drink, and smoke only in designated areas.
Double-check all containers and hoses to make sure they're not leaking.
Keep containers closed when not in use.
Make sure all lids or caps are tightly closed before storing.
Keep alert to signs of trouble--unusual odors, hidden leaks, etc.
Report missing labels, damaged containers, etc., to your supervisor.
Never try to do a job you are not authorized to do.
Get help from your supervisor or a coworker if you need it.
Clean up all spills immediately, following established procedures and
using approved cleanup materials.
Clean up your work area and any tools you've used.
Be sure to dispose of all hazardous substances and contaminated clean-
ing materials according to the rules.
119
Remove contaminated work clothing and do not wear it again until it's
been cleaned.
Be sure not to wash work-contaminated clothing with your family laundry.
Wash carefully after handling chemical containers, before eating, or
when leaving your work area.
Make sure all hazardous materials have been returned to their proper
place and stored correctly with labels showing.
-
120
HAZARD EVALUATION
HAZARD EVALUATION
What Is A Hazard Determination
Chemical manufacturers and importers are required to evaluate the chemicals produced in
their workplaces or imported by them to determine if they are hazardous. Hazard determi-
nation procedures must be in writing and made available, upon request, to employees,
NIOSH and OSHA.
If you must evaluate a chemical's hazards you should identify and consider the available
scientific evidence. For health hazards, evidence which is statistically significant and
which is based on at least one positive study is considered to be sufficient to establish a
hazardous effect if the results of the study meet the definitions of health hazards.
During evaluation, you should have-access to a wide-range of sources. While well-known
chemicals could be adequately evaluated by consulting established reference texts, others
will require searches of bibliographic data bases. No testing of chemicals to determine
hazards is ever required. The evaluation is to be based on currently available information.
See Appendix A to the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) in the REGULATIONS sec-
tion of this manual for the scope of the health hazards covered. Appendix B should be
consulted for the criteria to be followed with respect to the completeness of the evalua-
tion, and the data to be reported.
Written Procedures
In general, when. you document your hazard evaluation procedures, you should address
the following:
1. The person responsible for evaluating the chemicals;
2. The sources of information consulted;
3. Criteria used to evaluate the studies, including those parameters listed in the
HCS (i.e., statistical significance, conducted accordin,g to scientific principles);
4. A plan for reviewing information to update the MSDSs if new and significant
health information is found.
These written procedures may be incorporated into the written hazard communication pro-
gram. For more details see WRITTEN HAZ/COM PROGRAM section in this manual.
What Is Regulated?
Any substance that presents a physical or health hazard, as defined by OSHA, is consi-
dered regulated under the HCS. However, OSHA has designated four separate lists of
chemicals that comprise the "floor" of regulated chemicals. There are about 1,200 chemi-
cals specifically listed as regulated.
IMPORTANT: A SUBSTANCE MAY STILL BE REGULATED EVEN THOUGH IT IS NOT ON
ANY LIST.
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
HAZ EVAL-3
121
HAZARD EVALUATION
The lists can be found on Chart A - HAZARD DETERMINATION.
CHART A
HAZARD DETERMINATION
Sources of hazardous chemicals:
1. 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazard-
ous Substances, Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA); or
2. Threshold limit Values for Chemical Substances
and Physical Agents in the Work Environment,
American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH) (latest edition).
Sources of carcinogenic chemicals:
1. 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazard-
ous Substances, -Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA); or
2. National Toxicology Program (NTP), Annual Report
on Carcinogens (latest edition); or
3. International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC), Monographs (latest editions).
HAZ EVAL-4
122
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
HAZARD EVALUATION
:
What Is Regulated?, Continued
As Chart A indicates, there are two categories that OSHA details, hazardous chemicals
and carcinogenic chemicals. Carcinogenic substances are viewed to present a greater
hazard so they are treated more stringently in the regulations.
Any compound of a substance from" the Subpart Z list or the TLV list is considered to be
part of the floor of hazardous chemicals covered by the standard.
The complete list of chemicals in OSHA Subpart Z can be found in this manual in the
SUBSTANCE LISTS section. In the same section, you will find a list of the NTP chemicals,
the chemicals examined by IARC, and a summary of the chemicals appearing on the TLV
list.
To obtain a copy of the complete Threshold Limit Values (TL V), write or call:
ACGIH
6500 Glenway Ave, Bldg D-5
Cincinnati, OH 45211
(513) 661-7881
What Is Exempt
With the Hazard Communication Standard, OSHA is attempting to reduce occupationally-
related illnesses and workplace exposures to hazards. The Agency does not want to dupli-
cate the efforts of other government agencies or needlessly regulate areas where exposure
is minimal. Therefore, a number of exemptions have been established under this standard.
This standard does not apply to the following:
Any hazardous waste, as defined and regulated under RCRA
Tobacco or tobacco products
Wood or wood products
The standard was obviously not intended to cover desks, chairs, or doors. How-
ever, if you have wood treated with formaldehyde and you are gluing, or cutting
it, this wood would be regulated.
Foods, drugs, cosmetics or alcoholic beverages in a retail establishment which are
packaged for sale to consumers
Foods, drugs, or cosmetics intended for personal consumption by employees while in
the workplace
Any consumer product which is used in the workplace in the same manner as normal
consumer use, and which use results in exposure which is not greater than expo-
sures experienced by consumers
Any drug when it is in solid, final form for patient use (tablets, pills)
Articles
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
HAZ EVAL-5
123
HAZARD EVALUATION
What Is An Article?
This is a very controversial area. If something is defined as an article, it is exempt from the
requirements of the HCS. Therefore, if a product is classified as an article, it saves the
manufacturer lots of paperwork.
The definition for an article is somewhat vague. It is a manufactured item which:
Is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture
Has an end use function dependent upon its shape or design
And, it must not release, or otherwise result in exposure to, a hazardous chemical
under normal conditions of use.
The problem comes in with the phrase "normal conditions of use." You may have a manu-
factured item that meets the definit~QA of an article,- but if it is burned it produces a
hazardous byproduct. The question then becomes, is burning "normal use" for the pro-
duct? If burning occurs in its normal use, then it cannot be exempted as an article.
If a hazardous chemical can be expected to be released only when the item is repaired,
then that is not considered part of its normal condition of use. The item would be consi-
dered an article under the standard, and thus.~xempted.
The following items are examples of articles: Stainless steel table, vinyl upholstery, tires.
The following items are examples of products which would not be considered articles
under the standard, and thus would not be exempted from the requirements:
Metal ingots t~at will be melted under normal conditions of use.
Fabric treated with formaldehyde where downstream garment manufacturing em-
ployees will be exposed when making clothing.
Switches with mercury in them when a certain percentage break under normal condi-
tions of use.
It should be noted that the only information that has to be reported in these situations is
that which concerns the hazard of the release. Any hazardous chemicals which are still
bound in the article would still be exempted under the article exemption.
You could also have variance in the article classification if there are several possible end
uses. For example, a chrome bumper manufacturer sells bumpers to one company which
simply mounts the bumper on a car. The company also sells to someone who grinds and
polishes the bumper before mounting it. In the first case, the bumper is an article. In the
second case, because a hazardous substance is released during the grinding, it is not an
article.
Basically, if the product will be processed in some way after leaving the manufacturing
site - heated, welded, glued, sawe.d..J~Jk. - and a hazardous chemical could be emitted, it
probably will not qualify as an article.
HAZ EVAL-6
124
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
HAZARD EVALUATION
Mixtures
Many chemical products are mixtures or reformulations. There are specific requirements
for determining the hazards of mixtures. If the mixture has been tested as a whole. the
results of such testing shall be used to determine whether it is hazardous.
If the mixture has not been tested as a whole, and it contains
1 % or more of an ingredient that is listed as a health hazard, or
0.1 % of an ingredient listed as a carcinogen
then. the whole mixture is assumed to have the same health and/or carcinogenic hazards
as its hazardous components. Even if the mixture contains less than the above percen-
tages. but evidence indicates that a hazardous/carcinogenic component could be released
in concentrations above an established PEL or TLV. then the mixture again must be
assumed to present the same hazard.--- - --
The manufacturer. importer. or employer may use whatever scientifically valid data is
available to evaluate the physical hazard potential of the mixture.
For example. Benzene is a carcinogen. If you have an untested mixture containing Ben-
zene. and you know there is more than .1 % Benzene in the mixture. you must regard the
whole mixture as a carcinogen.
If you are. assuming the mixture has the same hazards as its hazardous components. the
individual data sheets for the hazardous components will satisfy MSDS requirements. In
other words. you can have several data sheets for one mixture.
However. you may want to test the mixture. so as not to have to list hazardous ingre-
dients. If you decide to test the mixture. a full range of tests must be performed. to deter-
mine both the physical and health hazards of mixture.
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
HAl EVAl-7
125
LABELS
OUTLINE FOR LABELS/OTHER FORMS OF WARNING
1. Purpose of Labels
2. Labels On Shipped Containers
3. Labels On In-Plant Containers
4. What Is A Hazard Warning?
5. Labels On Solid Metals
6. Substance-Specific Requirements For Labeling
7. Portable Container Exemption
8. Alternatives To Labeling Containers
9. The Role of DOT Labels
10. National Fire Protection Association
11. Hazardous Materials Identification System
12. Exemptions To the Labeling Requirements
13. Posters In The Workplace
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
126
LABELS-1
LABELS
LAB ELS
Purpose of labels
The purpose of labels on hazardous chemicals, or on products containing them, is to warn
about potential danger or significant risk. labels are not intended to be either the sole,
or the most complete source of information regarding the nature or identity of hazardous
chemicals in the workplace.
OSHA's stated purpose for the label-s-is that they ser-ve as an immediate warning and as
a reminder of the more detailed information provided in other formats (posters, MSDSs,
notices, written program). The identity on the label must be keyed to the chemical's
MSDS which will contain more extensive information.
The Hazard Communication Standard contains specific labeling requirements. Labeling
must be done on all hazardous cnemicals that are shipped and that are used in the work-
place. The regulations dealing with labeling can be found in 29 CFR 1910.1200(f). (See
the section of this manual tabbed REGULATIONS.)
As you will see later in this chapter, OSHA's standard requires identity and hazard infor-
mation on labels. Although employers can choose to provide additional statements,
OSHA's requirements are limited to that required to convey the hazards to the workers.
Other data regarding protective measures, first aid, etc. are to be included on the MSDSs
or covered during training. The reason for this is that OSHA has found, in evaluating the
effectiveness of labels, that the more detail there is on a label, the less likely it is that
employees will read and act on the information.
There are currently many marking systems in use. There is no preferred or mandated sys-
tem. Any label that conveys the required information, clearly and in English, is acceptable.
The best programs utilize a simple marking system that is readily recognizable and easily
understood. Any worker should be able to quickly identify the general hazard of any mate-
rial, and the severity of that hazard.
Two of the most common systems in use are the NFPA and the HMIS systems. For full
details on these two systems, check later in this chapter.
IMPORTANT: There is no one form of label mandated by the standard. No size, shape,
or color is specified. Any label that conveys the required information is acceptable.
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
LABELS-3
7/90 127
LABELS
labels On Shipped Containers
Chemical manufacturers, importers, and distributors must make sure that each container
of hazardous chemicals leaving the workplace is labeled, tagged, or marked with the fol-
lowing information:
1. Identity of the hazardous chemical;
2. Appropriate hazard warnings; and
3. Name and address of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other respon-
sible party.
. --
Several terms need to be defined to understand this regulation.
The term "container" means any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, drum, reaction vessel
or storage tank that contains a hazardous chemical. This definition does not include
pipes or piping systems, nor engines, fuel tanks, or other operating systems in a
vehicle.
The term "identity" can refer to any chemical or common name designation for the
individual chemical or mixture, as long as the term used is also used on the MSOS
for the particular chemical and on the chemical inventory list. Be sure to refer to the
chemical by this same name during training, also, so employees connect the identity
on the label with the training they received.
For example: You may see many different types of designations on lab-
els - Formula 1509. XYZ Acetone, Black Ink. All of these are
acceptable, as long as the name indicated on the MSOS is also
Formula 1509, etc.
The term "hazard warning" means any words, pictures, symbols, which convey the
hazards of the chemical in the container. For more specific detail on hazard
warnings, see the Hazard Warning section in this chapter.
If you are a manufacturer, importer, or distributor of hazardous chemicals, you have label-
ing responsibilities. Select a labeling system that is approprrate for your operation. You
can use computer-generated labels, -preprinted labels, even hand-written labels.
----.---.
Since labels can come off, become smudged or unreadable, it is a good idea to designate
someone in your shipping area to give a final check to ensure that all containers of
hazardous chemicals leaving your facility have been labeled.
Where the shipping container is a tank truck, rail car, or the like, the appropriate label
may be provided with the shipping papers rather than posted on the truck, etc., itself. DOT
placards are intended to provide protection for those involved in transportation. The OSHA
label is intended to protect the employees of the downstream recipient. Providing the label
separately will satisfy this concern.
LABELS-4
1287/90
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
LABELS
Labels On In-Plant Containers
Employers shall ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals in the workplace is
labeled, tagged, or marked with the following information:
1. Identity of the hazardous-chemical; and
2. Appropriate hazard warnings.
Several terms need to be defined to understand this regulation.
The term "container" means any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, drum, reaction vessel or
storage tank that contains a hazardous chemical. This definition does not include
pipes or piping systems, nor engines, fuel tanks, or other operating systems in a
vehicle.
The term "identity" can refer to any chemical or common name designation for the
individual chemical or mixture, as long as the term used is also used on the MSDS for
the particular chemical and on the chemical inventory list. Be sure to refer to the
chemical by this same name during training, also, so employees connect the identity
on the label with the training they received.
For example: You may see many different types of designations on lab-
els - Formula 1509, XYZ Acetone, Black Ink. All of these are acceptable,
as long as the name indicated on the MSDS is also Formula 1509. etc.
The term "hazard warning" means any words, pictures, symbols, which convey the
hazards of the chemical in the container. For more specific detail on hazard warnings,
see the Hazard Warning heading in this section.
Remember, labeling responsibilities for the employer are minimal. The majority of your
hazardous chemicals should be arriving already labeled. You are NEVER required under
this standard to relabel containers. If it is alj--eady labeled, you need do nothing additional.
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
LABELS-5
129
LABELS
Labels On In-Plant Containers, Continued
However, there are several situations in which you may need to label. Perhaps you break
down the received quantity of chemical into smaller containers, and distribute the smaller
containers to different areas within the company. These smaller containers would, of
course, not have a label from the manufacturer. Therefore, you must put a label on them.
You can simply duplicate the label that is ornhe large container or you can come up with
your own label.
You may possibly have containers of chemicals on hand that you purchased long ago,
before there was any labeling requirement. If these substances are hazardous, you should
contact the manufacturer, requesting label information. If this tact does not work, you may
have to get rid of the chemical.
Also, labels don't last forever. They get corroded off, they fall off, they become unreadable.
If this happens, you are responsible for relabeling the containers.
-- ..---.- - - .
Another common situation is to relabel containers so that employees encounter a uniform
labeling system. This makes training easier because you only need to explain one system
of labels. But this relabeling is your choice, not required by the HCS. Also, OSHA recom-
mends that if you are using such an inplant labeling system for uniformity, allow the
incoming container labels to remain on the original containers rather than removing them
when inplant labels are added.
Even though the manufacturer is legally responsible for labeling the chemicals you are
buying, you (as the chemical user) are responsible for the labels on containers in your own
facility. So once that chemical is on your property, "no label" means trouble for yOU.
Head off trouble ar two points. Designate someone in receiving to check for labels on all
incoming containers. If a hazardous chemical arrives unlabeled you can either refuse the
shipment or label it yourself. Also, set up a system to do a periodic spot check of your
hazardous substances. Ensure that aJUnplant containers-, including standing tanks, process
vessels, etc., are adequately labeled. If a label has fallen off or become unreadable, replace
it.
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130
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
LABELS
What Is A Hazard Warning?
The Hazard Communication Standard covers two types of hazards - physical and health
hazards (see Chart A - Hazard Categories, at the end of this chapter). The hazard warning,
which must be on both shipped and in-plant containers, must convey the hazard of the
chemical. This is intended to be specific information regarding the hazard.
Many labels at the time the HCS was finalized included only precautionary statements.
Phrases such as "caution," "danger," or "harmful if inhaled" generally do not meet the
intent of the standard by themselves. If, when inhaled, the chemical causes lung damage,
then that is the appropriate warning. Lung damage is the hazard, not inhalation.
When it is known, the specific target organ effect should be part of the hazard warning
(see Chart B - Target Organ Effects, at the end of this chapter). If the substance attacks the
lungs, or the skin, or the brain, it must be indicated. There are some situations where the
specific target organ effect is not known. Where this is the case, the more general warn-
ing statement would be permitted.
A warning of carcinogenicity (cancer causation) is required under certain circumstances. In
general, those chemicals identified as being "known to be carcinogenic" and those that
may "reasonably be anticipated to be carcinogenic" by National Toxicology Program must
have carcinogen warnings on the label.
Labels On Solid Metals
When the Hazard Communication Standard was expanded in August 1987, a prOVISion
was added regarding the labeling of solid metals. Many times a solid metal is exempted
from labeling because it is considered an article, based on its downstream use. However, if
the end use of the metal results in hazardous chemical exposure to the employees working
with it, then it is not an article and must be labeled.
The label information should indicate the chemical hazards released when the metal is
worked on. The label should be sent to the customer at the time of the initial shipment,
and need not be included with subsequent shipments to the same purchaser unless the
information on the label changes. T!1~__@bel.can be ser1~ with the initial shipment or it can
be sent with the MSDS.
This exception to labeling each shipment applies only to the solid metal itself. It does not
apply to any hazardous chemicals used in conjunction with, or known to be present with,
the metal. For example, the employees handling the metal may be exposed to cutting fluids
or lubricants. These substances would not fall under this exception, and would require
labels on every container sent.
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
LABELS-7
131
LABELS
Substance-Specific Requirements For Labeling
OSHA has developed specific health standards for twenty-one substances. These stand-
ards are located in 29 CFR 1001-1101, .Subpart Z. Within these standards are found
required handling methods, protective clothing, etc.. Many of the standards contain specific
label requirements, which take precedence over the label requirements of the Hazard
Communication Standard.
For instance, if your company uses acrylonitrile, the label must read:
DANGER
CONTAINS ACRYLONITRILE (AN)
CANCER HAZARD
The following is a list of the Subpart Z substances:
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Acrylon itri Ie
4-Aminodiphenyl
Asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite
Benzene .
Benzidine
bis-Chloromethyl ether
Coal tar pitch volatiles
Coke oven emissions
Cotton dust .
1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane --.----
3,3' -Dichlorobenzine
4-D imethyla m i noazobenzi ne
Ethylene oxide
Ethyleneimine
Inorganic arsenic
Lead
Methyl chloromethyl ether
alpha-Naphthylamine
beta-Naphthyl a mine
4-Nitrobiphenyl
N -N itrosodimethyla mine
beta-Propiolactone
Vinyl chloride
If your employees work with any of the preceding substances, be sure to check the Sub-
part Z requirements. There may be specific label designations, along with other handling
requirements that you should be complying with.
LABELS-B
132
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
LABELS
Portable Container Exemption
There is an exemption from labeling requirements for portable containers. However, before
you take advantage of this exemption, make sure you understand the definition of a porta-
ble container and that your employees are using the containers in a way that fits the
definition.
A portable container is one which is filled from a labeled container by an employee who
uses it immediately (during one work shift). No label is required in this case. The problem
arises when the employee gets to the end of his shift and he still has some chemical left
in his portable container. Many companies don't want it poured back into the main drum,
because of contamination. And they don't want it wasted, poured out. So it gets given to
the worker on the next shift.
This is what OSHA wants to avoid. The original worker drew the chemical from a labeled
container so he had the opportulJlty__1O read the warnings for this chemical. The next shift
worker has been handed an unlabeled container of chemicals to work with. This is a viola-
tion of the standard.
So unless you are absolutely certain that you do not end up with workers using unlabeled
containers, don't use the portable container exemption. What many companies do is to
designate and label small portable containers and reuse them for the same chemical.
Alternatives To labeling Containers
How do you label the air emissions in a welding area? How do you label a one-ounce vial,
so the information is readable? Every company has unique operations - welding areas,
large process vessels, tiny test tubes, etc - that are not well served by the regular label-
ing methods.
OSHA does provide alternatives for those~ hard-to-Iabel containers. Employers may use
signs, placards, process sheets, batch tickets or other such written material in place of try-
ing to attach a label to individual stationary process containers, where it would be lost and
difficult to read. The alternative material must identify which container it refers to, and be
available in the work area to employees at all times.
The Role of DOT labels
The Department of Transportation (DOT) has detailed requirements for the marking of con-
tainers of shipped hazardous chemicals. The OSHA labels used on shipping containers
must not conflict with these requirements of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act.
Specifically, this refers to 49 CFR 172.401 (b), which states:
No person may offer for transportation and no carrier may transport a package bear-
ing any marking or label which by its color, design, or shape could be confused with
or conflict with a label prescribed by this part.
For more information regarding DOT label requirements, see the REGULATIONS section of
this manual.
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
LABELS-9
.133
..
LABELS
National Fire Protection Association
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has a markrng system that it developed in
1961. It is one of several widely used systems in this country. The system was intended to
provide basic information to emergency personnel, so they can better evaluate what fire
fighting techniques to employ.
The NFPA system is being used as an in-plant labeling program. This system does not pro-
vide any detailed hazard information, but it is acceptable as long as training regarding the
system is conducted, and MSDSs are available to provide the required detailed chemical
hazard information. -
There are three categories of hazards identified by the NFPA system - health, flammability,
reactivity. The degree of severity is indicated numerically by five divisions ranging from
"zero (Q) - no special hazard" to "four (4) -severe hazard."
The diamond-shaped label contains four colored squares, with a number appearing in each
square. Besides having a blue square indicating health hazard, a red square representing
flammability, and reactivity symbolized by a yellow square, a fourth square indicates a
"special hazard," such as unusual reactivity with water. The usual symbol for alerting fire
fighting personnel to the possible hazard of using water is the letter W with a line through
the center.
Emergency personnel prefer this system because they can tell from a distance what cau-
tion to use in approaching a container, or handling a fire. However, this marking system
should not be used on a shipping label because it does not provide adequate hazard warn-
ing details when it is used apart from the MSDS.
HEALTH HAZARD
FIRE HAZARD
4 De.dly
3 Exlr.me
d.nger
2 H...rdou.
1 SlIlIhtly
h.z.rdouI
o Norm.1 m.t.rl.1
,
Flash PoinlS
4 Below 73. F
3 Below 100. F
2 Above 100. F. Nol
E.ceeding 200. F
1 Above 200. F
o Will nol burn
"
SPECIFIC
HAZARO
OXidizer
ACId
Alk.1I
CorrosIve
Use NO WATER
RadlOacllve
ACIO
ALK
COR
W
....
.
4 May deton.te
3 Shock and ....t
may detonete
2 Violent
c"'mleel
change
1 Un.t.ble II
....ted
o Stable
LABELS-10
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
134
LABELS
Hazardous Materials Identification System
Another frequently used marking system is that of the Hazardous Materials Identification
System (HMIS). This system, very similar to the NFPA system, was developed by the
National Paint and Coatings Association (NPCA), a Washington D.C.-based trade associa-
tion.
Companies involved in the manufacture of paints and coatings are heavy users of chemi-
cals. Thousands of substances are employed, many of which are toxic or require some
special precautions in their handling. The goal of NPCA was to provide a uniform, compre-
hensive system to inform employees of the hazards encountered in the performance of
their jobs, and to promote the safe use of those hazardous substances.
The HMIS labels and signs provide information on:
1. Chemical identity - may be chemical or common name
2. Degree of acute health, flammability and reactivity hazards - each label contains
three colored horizontal bars, blue for health, red for flammability, yellow for
reactivity, each with its separate numerical coding. The degree of hazard is
expressed in a numerical rating (like NFPA) on a scale of 0 to 4, with 0 denoting
a minimal hazard, 4 a severe hazard.
3. Proper personal protective equipment - a white bar at the bottom of the label
,contains a letter representing on'e or more personal protective devices that must
be used when handling that substance.
4. Chronic health hazards
PERSONAl. PROltcnON
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
LABELS-11
135
LABELS
Exemptions To The Labeling Requirements
Labeling is not a new idea. Many government agencies have for many years required
labeling on the items they regulate. OSHA did not want to duplicate what these agencies
have established, requiring two labels that accomplish the same thing. Therefore, there is
no labeling required under the HCS for the following chemicals:
Any pesticide, labeled under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
Any food, food additive, color additive, drug, cosmetic, or medical or veterinary device
labeled under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Any beverage alcohols, wine or beer intended for nonindustrial use, labeled under the
Federal Alcohol Administration Act
Any consumer product or hazardous substance, labeled under the Consumer Product
Safety Act.
NOTE: There is no blanket exemption for consumer products. The regu-
lations only exempt such products from additional labels on shipped
containers. Each consumer product should be evaluated as to whether
you must include it on your hazardous chemical inventory, maintain
data sheets on it, discuss it during training. .
This is another of those "gray" areas where you must use common
Sense. The rule of thumb is - if the employee has the same degree of
exposure to the chemical as he would at home, do not worry about it.
For instance, if the worker uses a cleanser to clean a sink twice a week,
that wotJld be a normal consumer exposure. However, if the worker's
job involves using a cleanser every day, several hours per day, that
would be beyond a consumer exposure and you must deal with the
cleanser as a hazardous chemical. See the MSDS section for more
information on consumer products.
Posters In The Workplace
Under the Hazard Communication Standard there are no poster requirements. However,
posters in the workplace can be an effective way to communicate several kinds of informa-
tion to employees.
First, you can use a poster as a way of reminding workers where they can obtain HCS
information. During training, workers should be told where MSDSs can be found and who
to contact for further information. To ensure that they remember this, post a notice on
bulletin boards in lunch rooms or locker rooms.
Another important use for posters is as a continual reminder of label information. Post
charts in all areas where hazardous chemicals are present. These charts should tell how
to read a label. They can give workers vital information when they most need it.
Examples of both types of posters can be fOI!.nd in the pocket of this manual.
LABELS-12
136
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
CHART A
HAZARD CATEGORIES
Health Hazards
Carcinogenic
Acutely toxic
Chronically toxic
Reproductive toxin
I rrita nt
Corrosive
Sensitizer
Hepatotoxins
Nephrotoxins
Neurotoxins
Agents which damage
the lungs, skin,
eyes, or mucousmem-
branes
Agents which act on
the hematopoietic
system
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
.
Physical Hazards
Combustible liquids
Compressed gas
Explosive
Flammable
Organic peroxides
Oxidizers
Pyrophorics
Unstable (reactive)
Water-reactive
LABELS
LABELS-13
137
LABELS
CHART B
TARGET ORGAN EFFECTS
a. Hepatotoxins............ -'-'-"..'-". Chemicals wbich produce liver damage.
Signs and Symptoms ......... Jaundice; liver enlargement.
Chemicals .................. Carbon tetrachloride; nitrosamines.
b. Nephrotoxins.................. Chemicals which produce kidney damage.
Signs and Symptoms ......... Edema; proteinuria.
Chemicals .................. Halogenated hydrocarbons; uranium.
c. Neurotoxins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals which produce their primary toxic
effects on the nervous system.
Signs and Symptoms .......... Narcosis; behavioral changes; decrease in
motor functions.
Chemicals .................. Mercury; carbon disulfide.
d. Agents which act on the blood
or hematopoietic system ......... Decrease hemoglobin function; deprive the
body tissues of oxygen.
Signs and Symptoms .......... Cyanosis; loss of consciousness.
Chemicals .................. Carbon monoxide; cyanides.
e. Agents which damage the
lung ......................... Chemicals which irritate or damage the
.- pulmonary tissue.
Signs and Symptoms .......... Cough; tightness in chest, shortness of
breath.
Chemicals .................. Silica; asbestos.
f. Reproductive toxins .. . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals which affect the reproductive
capabilities including chromosomal damage
(mutations) and effects on fetuses (terato-
genesis).
Signs and Symptoms .......... Birth defects; sterility.
Chemicals .................. Lead, DBCP
g. Cutaneous hazards. . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals which affect the dermal layer of
the body.
Signs and Symptoms .......... Defatting of the skin, rashes, irritation.
Chemicals .................. Ketones, chlorinated compounds.
h. Eye hazards .................. Chemicals which affect the eye or visual
capacity.
Signs and Symptoms .......... Conjunctivitis; corneal damage.
Chemicals .................. Organic solvents; acids.
--
LABELS-14
138
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
-
EMPLOYEE TRAINING
EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROGRAM
Purpose Of Training
Under the Hazard Communication Standard, employers must establish a training and
information program for all employees routinely exposed to hazardous chemicals in their
work area. This training must be provided at the time of initial assignment and whenever a
new hazard is introduced into their work area. The regulations for training can be found in
29 CFR 191 O.1200(h).
Training serves to explain and re~Aferee the informationppresented to employees through
the labels and MSDSs. The use of labels and MSDSs will only be successful when
workers understand the information presented and are aware of the actions to be taken to
avoid or minimize exposure and the occurrence of adverse effects.
Training is critical to the effective hazard communication. It is the forum in which hazard
information can best be presenteain-such a way as "fo result in workers taking protective
action, and thus decreasing the possibility of occupationally-related chemical source
illnesses and injuries. Therefore, OSHA is requiring a thorough compliance effort in this
area.
The Standard's provisions are performance-oriented~ listing categories of information to be
transmitted to employees, without specifying how to accomplish this. The OSHA regulation
simply states that training must be done. However, ideally, an employer will tailor the edu-
cation and training program to the particular needs of his/her employees. If you have
workers with little education, bring the training down to an understandable level; if you
have non-English speaking workers, use an interpreter.
.
The key term here is "understanding." Not only must your employees be trained, but they
must walk away from that training understanding what they are working with. Giving an
employee a data sheet to read does not satisfy the intent of the standard. The training
should include an opportunity for employees to ask questions to ensure that they under-
stand the information presented to them.
During an OSHA inspection, frequently employees will be randomly interviewed. The
inspector will be asking general questions regarding training, such as location of MSDSs,
chemical-specific knowledge, understanding of labels. Obviously, it cannot be expected
that employees will totally recall all information and be able to repeat it. However, if the
inspector detects a trend in employee responses that indicates training is not being con-
ducted, or is conducted in a cursory fashion that does not meet the intent of the standard,
a closer review of the training documentation will be necessary.
Keep in mind that the purpose of the standard is to reduce chemically related illnesses and
injuries through behavior modification resulting from the acquisition of hazard information.
This can occur only if employees receive the information in usable form through appro-
priate training.
So that is your goal with training - increasing the workers' knowledge of the chemicals
they handle, so that they handle them in a safe manner. If your training accomplishes that
goal, you will have met OSHA's goal, also.
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
TRAINING-3
139
EMPLOYEE TRAINING
Decisions To Make Before You Begin
How will you do the training?
The first decision you must make is how to accomplish the training required under
the Hazard Communication Standard. As in every area, the standard is performance-
oriented, specifying the results but not mandating the methods to be used. Therefore,
you can set up the type of training program that fits best into your operation.
If you already do some type of training - safety, emergency, orientation, etc. - you
may want to include HCS training with your current program. It may be simpler to do
your HCS training on a department level, however, if you have different groups of
chemicals used in severaldepartmert'ts. That way you can train workers in the
hazards of only those specific chemicals they work with in their area.
There are a number of different approaches that can be taken. You could use videos,
interactive computer programs, classroom instruction, or a combination of methods.
The best attack is to set up training which allows employees an opportunity to ask
questions to ensure that they understand the information presented to them.
WARNING: Giving an employee a data sheet to read does not satisfy the intent of the
standard.
Who will do the training?
The next decision to make is who will do the training. You may want to split the train-
ing into two parts - the information section and the chemical-specific training. Then
you could have one person give all employees the information training, and have area
supervisors handle the training for the chemicals used in their work areas.
Be sure that whoever does the chemical-specific training thoroughly understands the
safe handling aspects of the chemicals he will be covering. Many times a supervisor
is more production-oriented rather than safety-oriented, and may emphasize shortcuts
that are not recommended for the safe use of a hazardous substance.
If you have several people, such as supervisors, conducting training for their work
areas, sit in on a session or two, to observe how the training is being handled and to
show your support for safety in the workplace. '
TRAINING-4
140
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
EMPLOYEE TRAINING
Decisions To Make Before You Begin, Continued
Who must be trained?
All covered employees must receive training. OSHA defines "employee" as any
worker who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under normal operating
conditions or in foreseeable emergencies. Workers such as office workers or bank
tellers who encounter hazardous chemicals only in non-routine, isolated instances
are not covered.
"Normal operating conditions" are those which employees encounter in performing
their job duties in their assigned work areas. For example, if the receptionist in a
facility receives and delivers a telephone message for someone in a different work
area where hazardous chemicals are present, this does not mean that the recep-
tionist would be covered under the rule by virtue of the one potential exposure from
delivering the message. However, if performance of the receptionist's job entails
walking through the production area every day, and thus being potentially exposed
during the performance of regular duties, that job would be covered under the rule.
Deciding who must be trained can be a sticky issue. It is better to train too many
people rather than too few. If you have some employees who are occasionally in an
area where chemicals are stored or used, and you are undecided whether they are
"routinely exposed," include them in your training program.
Do I have the necessary information compiled?
Prior to beginning any training program, you will need to collect certain information.
First, you must have your chemical inventory completed, which will give you a
hazardous cl)emical inventory list. The chemicals on this list are the ones that must
be dealt with in the training program. .~
Unless you deal with a small number of chemicals, you will want to cross-reference
the chemical inventory list with a list-of which employees are exposed to each sub-
stance. This cross-reference tells you which chemicals must be included in the train-
ing for Area A, for Area B, etc.
Next, make sure that you have all the MSDSs for' the chemicals that will be
discussed during training. You (or whoever will be doing the training) should read
through them, using them as a primary source of information for the chemical-
specific part of the training program.
Get together any other books or materials that you are going to use in the training
program. It is a good idea to have a chemical dictionary on hand to look up answers
to employees' questions. Have complete information on the use of safety equipment.
Read through all materials so that you are comfortable with what you are going to
present.
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
TRAINING-5
7/90 141
The Actual Training
Your training program can take any form, as long as the required information is conveyed
and understood. You will probably need to make adjustments depending upon the level
of employee you are training. Take into consideration the education and technical
background of the trainees. At a minimum, the following topics must be thoroughly
covered.
The Hazard Communication Standard
Employees must be informed of the existence of the HCS, what the standard requires
and what it will do for them. Explain that the purpose of the HCS is to ensure that
the hazards of all chemicals produced are evaluated, and that information concerning
these hazards is transmitted to employers and employees. This transmittal of
information is to be accomplished by means of comprehensive hazard communication
programs, which are to include container labeling, MSDSs, and employee training.
Terminology - Are we speaking the same-language?
Before you proceed too far with your training program, clarify the language you will
use. Don't assume that workers know what an MSDS is, or a hazard warning, or an
air emission. The less educate_d..Y9_ur workers, the._more you need to explain the ter-
minology. Remember, you aren't trying to make chemists out of your employees but
basic understanding is your goal.
Use handouts, diagrams, draw pictures on a chalk board - whatever is necessary to
communicate your message. Have a good source of chemical information at hand,
a chemical dictionary is a good idea, for those questions you may not be able to
answer readily'.
Material Safety Data Sheets
Determine ahead of time how much MSDS information you feel is necessary and will
be useful and understood by employees being trained.
Explain what the MSDS is, what its purpose is. Explain the categories on the MSDS,
what kind of information is found in each section, what some of the terms mean.
Don't overload the employees with terminology. It is not hecessary for the employees
to be able to develop a data sheet. Rather, they should just understand what is rele-
vant and important to their interaction with chemicals.
I doubt whether too many workers know or care what the specific gravity of a given
chemical is, nor do they need to. However, the effects of overexposure of some
chemical they use everyday in their work is extremely important. Their understanding
of the value of the information in "routes of entry" of hazardous substances can
increase the workers' use of personal protection.
142 TRAINING-6
7/90
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
-
EMPLOYEE TRAINING
Material Safety Data Sheets, Continued
Therefore, don't simply go line-by-line through an MSDS, explaining each term. The
important terms will get lost in the shuffle. Emphasize the areas that should matter to
the worker. Bring the information into the "real" world. Use examples of how this
information can protect them in their own workplace.
Demonstrate the use of MSDSs with several data sheets from your workplace. Then
the worker can see the filled-in sections and how the information is presented. You
do not need to go over every MSDS. You will be covering the specific chemicals later
in the training.
The most vital information in this paft of the training is explaining where the data
sheets are kept and how the employee can access them. Repeat this several times
during the training. If you are keeping your MSDSs in a binder or book, hold it up,
pass it around, familiarize the workers with it. Make sure the book or binder is clearly
marked. You could even walk the workers through the area, showing them where the
MSDSs are. Remember, during an inspection OSHA will ask employees if they know
where to find the MSDSs. You want them to be able to answer that question.
You may want to set up a system so that employees can get copies of MSDSs, if they
need them. Sometimes a doctor asks for information on chemicals worked with to aid
in his diagnosis. It can be useful to tr:.j;lck which chemicals are being looked at. If you
are using an MSDS request form, show it during training. Explain how it should be
used: (See Form Employee Request: Material Safety Data Sheet in pocket of this
manual.)
Labels
Labels are the most visible and most frequent contact your employees will have with
chemical information. They are intended to serve as an immediate visual warning of
the hazards of the chemical. It is very important that employees have a thorough
understanding of how to interpret the information being presented on the label, so
that they can modify their handling of the chemical accordingly.
Since there is no standard format for labels, you will have to explain how to read all
labels that your workers might have contact with in th'e workplace. This could range
from a label of all written te~U.2_.!:!umerically-coq~d red, blue, yellow labels to pictures
depicting hazards.
Look through the containers in your workplace. Use examples of the kinds of labels
that you find. Explain what the information means. Use information from the
LABELS/FORMS OF WARNING section in this manual. Explain the link between the
labels and the data sheets. Ask questions to make certain that the trainees under-
stand what you have presented.
The written program
The written program is your documentation of how you have complied with the
Hazard Communication Standal=d~n your company. It includes your hazardous chemi-
cal inventory. This program must be made available to your employees. Discuss this
written program with your workers. Tell them ,how they can review the complete writ-
ten program.
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Specific chemicals
This section should comprise the largest part of your training program. You should
give specific details on what chemicals the employee has contact with, and how to
safely handle those chemicals.
You should cover how to detect the presence or release of the chemical: visual
appearance or odor when being released, any monitoring devices and what they indi-
cate. Thoroughly describe the physical and health hazards of the chemicals in the
work area.
You do not need to cover each chemical, necessarily. You may group the chemicals
and discuss them that way. Maybe you have many inks or paints, all with the same
hazards. You might use several different solvents which each require the same han-
dling precautions. Break your chemicals down into groups and then discuss the
hazards and precautions of the group as a whole. This saves a lot of time, but also is
more effective as a training technique. Employees will retain more if they do not feel
bombarded with repetitive information.
Certain chemicals have specific training requirements. Read the next chapter (Subpart
Z And Training), to find out if you need to comply with these requirements.
Protective equipment
Explain the proper use of any protective equipment (goggles, respirators, ear plugs,
etc.) that is required for the safe handling of the chemicals. Demonstrate how to use
it and clearly indicate when the device is to be used. Tell the workers where the
equipment is kept. Explain your company policy regarding the use of protective
equipment. Remember, if the employee does not use the equipment and suffers an
injury, you will be responsible for not enforcing the use of the protective equipment.
First aid and emergency procedures
Make sure workers understand what fir.st aid and emergency procedures should be
used in the event of exposure or overexposure to the hazardous chemicals they work
with. Point out where they can find this information on the MSDSs, if they have ques-
tions in an emergency situation.
Certification of employees trained
You may want to document which employees you have trained and when they
received training. The HCS does not require this but it does give you some protection
to retain records in this area. You can use a certification of training, in which, follow-
ing training, the employee signs a form indicating that he received training under the
Hazard Communication Standard. At least then the employee can not claim that he
never received training, although he could still claim that he did not understand what
was presented, or that the training was inadequate.
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EMPLOYEE TRAINING
Subpart Z and Training
OSHA's Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances, contains the regulations for 26
specific substances. These are materials that the Agency has determined are of par-
ticular concern. Therefore, an individual standard has been developed for each one,
containing requirements for labeling, the use of protective equipment, medical surveil-
lance, training, etc.
If you use any of the Subpart Z substances (See REFERENCE SECTION, SUBSTANCE
LISTS), be sure to check the specific training requirements and incorporate them into
your Hazard Communication training program.
An outline of the regulated substances and the training requirements follow.
Asbestos 1910.1001 (j)(5)
(5) Employee information and training
(i) The employer shall institute-a-tfaining program for all employees who are exposed
to airborne concentrations of asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, actinolite, or a combi-
nation of these minerals at or above the action level and ensure their participation in
the program.
(ii) Training shall be provided--pr-ior- to or at the time of initial assignment and at least
annually thereafter.
(iii) The training program shall be conducted in a manner which the employee is able
to understand. The employer shall ensure that each employee is informed of the
following:
(A) The health effect associated with asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite
exposure;
(8) The relationship between smoking and exposure to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyl-
lite, and actinolite in producing lung cancer;
(C) The quantity, location, manner of use, release, and storage of asbestos, tremolite,
anthophyllite, actinolite, and the specific nature of ope'rations which could result in
exposure to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite;
(0) The engineering controls and work practices associated with the employee's job
assignment;
(E) The specific procedures implemented to protect employees from exposure to
asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite, such as appropriate work practices,
emergency and clean-up procedures, and personal protective equipment to be used;
(F) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respirators and protective clothing;
(G) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program required by
this section;
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
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EMPLOYEE TRAINING
Asbestos, Continued
(H) A review of this standard, including appendices.
(iv) Access to information and training materials.
(A) The employer shall make a copy of this standard and its appendices readily availa-
ble without cost to all affected employees.
4-Nitrobiphenyl 1910.1 003(e)(5)(i) and (ii)
Alpha-Napthylamine 1910.1 004(e)(5)(i) and (ii)
Methyl Chloromethyl Ether 191 0.1 006(e)(~)(i) and (ii)
3, 3-Diehlorobenzidine (and its salts) 1910.1 007(e)(5)(i) and (ii)
Bis-Chloromethyl Ether 1910.1 008(e)(5)(i) and (ii)
Beta-Naphthylamine 1910.1 009(e)(5)(i) and (ii)
Benzidine 1910.101 0(e)(5)(i) and (ii)
4-Aminodiphenyl 1910.1011 (e)(5)(i) and (ii)
Ethyleneimine 1910.1 012(e)(5)(i) and (ii)
Beta-Propiolaetone 1910.1 013(e)(5)(i) and (ii)
2-Aeetylaminofluorene 1910.1 014(e)(5)(i) 'imd (ii)
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene 1910.1 015(e)(5)(i) and (ii)
N-Nitroso-Dimethylamine 1910.1 016(e)(5)(i) and (ii)
(i) Each employee prior to being authorized to enter a regulated area, shall receive a
training and indoctrination program including, but not necessarily limited to:
(a) The nature of the carcinogenic hazards of N-Nitrobiphenyl (and others listed
above), including local and systemic toxicity;
(b) The specific nature of the operation involving 4-Nitrobiphenyl; which could result
in exposure;
(e) The purpose for and application of the medical surveillance program, including, as
appropriate, methods of self-examination;
(d) The purpose for and application of decontamination practices and purposes;
(e) The purpose for and significance of emergency practices and procedures;
(f) The employee's specific role in emergency procedures;
(9) Specific information to aid the employee in recognition and evaluation of condi-
tions and situations which may result in the release of 4-Nitrobiphenyl;
(h) The purpose for and application of specific first aid procedures and practices;
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EMPLOYEE TRAINING
(i) A review of this section at the employee's first training and indoctrination program
and annually thereafter.
(ii) Specific emergency procedures shall be prescribed, and posted, and employees
shall be familiarized with their terms, and rehearsed in their application.
Vinyl Chloride 1910.1 017(j)(1 )(i) through (ix)
(j) Training. Each employee engaged in vinyl chloride or polyvinyl operations shall be
provided training in a program relating to the hazards of vinyl chloride and precau-
tions for its safe use.
(1) The program shall include:
(i) The nature of the health hazard from chronic exposure to vinyl chloride including
specifically the carcinogenic hazard;
(ii) The specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to vinyl chloride
in excess of the permissible liffiif"and necessary protective steps;
(iii) The purpose for, proper use, and limitations of respiratory protective devices;
(iv) The fire hazard and acute toxicity of vinyl chloride, and the necessary protective
steps;
(v) The purpose for and a description of the monitoring program;
(vi) The purpose for, and a description of, the medical surveillance program;
(vii) Emergency procedures;
.
(viii) Specific information to aid the employee in recognition of conditions which may
result in the release of vinyl chloride; and
(ix) A review of this standard at the employee's first training and indoctrination pro-
gram, and annually thereafter.
Inorganic Arsenic 1910.1018(0)(1) and (2)
(1) Training program.
(i) The employer shall institute a training program for all employees who are subject
to exposure to inorganic arsenic above the action level without regard to respirator
use, or for whom there is a possibility of skin or eye irritation from inorganic arsenic.
The employer shall assure that those employees participate in the training program.
(ii) The training program shall be provided by October 1, 1978, for employees covered
by this provision, at the time of initial assignment for those subsequently covered by
this provision, and shall be repeated at least quarterly for employees who have
optional use of respirators and at least annually for other covered employees thereaf-
ter, and the employer shall assure that each employee is informed of the following:
(A) The information contained in Appendix A;
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(B) The quantity, location, manner of use, storage, sources of exposure, and the spe-
cific nature of operations which could result in exposure to inorganic arsenic as well
as any necessary protective steps;
(C) The purpose, proper use, and limitation of respirators;
(0) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program as required by
paragraph (n) of this section;
(E) The engineering controls and work practices associated with the employee's job
assignment; and
(F) A review of this standard.
(2) Access to training materials.
(i) The employer shall make readily available to all affected employees a copy of this
standard and its appendixes.
(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials relating to the employee
information and training program to the 8ssistant Secretary and the Director.
Lead 1910.1025(1)(1) and (2)
(1) Training Program.
(i) Each employer who has a workplace in which there is a potential exposure to air-
borne lead at any level shall inform employees of the content of Appendixes A and B
of this regulation.
(ii) The employer shall institute a training program for and assure the participation of
all employees who are subject to exposure to lead at or above the action level or for
whom the possibility of skin or eye irritation exists.
(iii) The employer shall provide initial training by 180 days from the effective date
[Editor's Note: OSHA's lead sta'ndard became effective February 1, 1979.] for those
employees covered by paragraph (1)(1 )(ii) on the standard's effective date and prior to
the time of initial job assignment for those employees subsequently covered by this
paragraph.
(iv) The training program shall be repeated at least annually for each employee.
(v) The employer shall assure that each employee is informed of the following:
(A) The content of this standard and its appendixes;
(B) The specific nature of the operations which could result in exposure to lead above
the action level;
(C) The purpose, proper selection, fitting, use, and limitations of respirators;
(0) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program, and the medi-
cal removal protection program including information concerning the adverse health
effects associated with excessive exposure to lead (with particular attention to the
adverse reproductive effects on both males and females);
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EMPLOYEE TRAINING
(E) The engineering controls and work practices associated with the employee's job
assignment;
(F) The contents of any compliance plan in effect; and
(G) Instructions to employees that chelating agents should not routinely be used to
remove lead from their bodies and should not be used at all except under the direc-
tion of a licensed physician;
(2) Access to information and training materials.
(i) The employer shall make readily av.ailable to all affected employees a copy of this
standard and its appendixes. ----..-
(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials relating to the employee
information and training program to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.
(iii) In addition to the information required by paragraph (1)(1 )(v), the employer shall
include as part of the training program, and shall distribute to employees, any mate-
rials pertaining to the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the regulations issued pur-
suant to that Act, and this lead standard, which are made available to the employer by
the Assistant Secretary.
Benzene 1910.1028 (j)(3)
(3) Information and training
(i) The employer shall provide employees with information and training at the time of
their initial assignment to a work area where benzene is present. If exposures are
above the action level, employees shall be provided with information and training at
least annually.
(ii) The training program shall be in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR
191 0.1200(h)(1) and (2), and shall include specific information on benzene for each
category of information included in that section.
(iii) In addition to the information required under 29 CFR 1910.1200, the employer
shall:
(A) Provide employees with an explanation of the contents of this section, including
Substance Safety Data Sheet, Benzene (Appendix A), and Substance Technical Guide-
lines, Benzene (Appendix B), and indicate to them where the standard is available;
and
(B) Describe the medical surveillance program required under paragraph (i) of this
section, and explain the information contained in Appendix C (Medical Surveillance,
Guidelines for Benzene).
Coke Oven Emissions 1910.1 029(k)(1) af"!~ (2)
(1) Training program
(i) The employer shall institute a training program for employees in the regulated area
and shall assure their participation.
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EMPLOYEE TRAINING
(ii) The training program shall be provided as of January 27, 1977 for employees who
are employed in the regulated area at that time or at the time of initial assignment to
a regulated area.
(iii) The training program shall be provided at least annually for all employees who are
employed in the regulated area, except that training regarding the occupational safety
and health hazards associated with exposure to coke oven emissions and the purpose,
proper use, and limitations of respiratory protective devices shall be provided at least
quarterly until January 20, 1978.
(iv) The training program shall include informing each employee of:
(a) The information contained in the substance information sheet for coke oven emis-
sions (Appendix A);
(b) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respiratory protective devices required
in accordance with paragraph (9) of this section;
(c) The purpose for and a description of the medical surveillance program required by
paragraph (j) of this section including information on the occupational safety and
health hazards associated with exposure to coke oven emissions;
(d) A review of all written procedures and schedules required under paragraph (f) of
this section; and
(e) A review of this standard.
(2) Access to training materials.
(i) The employer shall make a copy of this standard and its appendixes readily availa-
ble to all employees who are employed in the regulated area.
(ii) The employer shall provide upon request all materials relating to the employee
information and training program to the Secretary and the Director.
Cotton Dust 1910.1 043(i)(1 ) and (2)
(1) Training program.
(i) The employer shall provide a training program for all employees in all workplaces
where cotton dust is present, and shall assure that each employee in these workpla-
ces is informed of the following.:------
(a) The specific nature of the operations which could result in exposure to cotton dust
at or above the permissible exposure limit;
(b) The measures, including work practices required by paragraph (9) of this section,
necessary to protect the employee from exposures in excess of the permissible expo-
sure limit;
(c) The purpose, proper use and limitations of respirators required by paragraph (f) of
this section;
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INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
EMPLOYEE TRAINING
(d) The purpose for and a description of the medical surveillance program required by
paragraph (h) of this section and other information which will aid exposed employees
in understanding the hazards of cotton dust exposures; and
(e) The contents of this standard and its appendixes.
(ii) The training program shall be provided prior to initial assignment and shall be
repeated at least annually. --.----
(2) Access to training materials.
(i) Each employer shall post a copy of this section with its appendixes in a public loca-
tion at the workplace, and shall, upon request, make copies available to employees.
(ii) The employer shall provide all materials relating to the employee training and
information program to the Assistant Secretary and the Director upon request.
(iii) In addition to the information required by -paragraph (i)(1), the employer shall
include as part of the training program, and shall distribute to employees, any mate-
rials, pertaining to the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the regulations issued
pursuant to that Act, and this cotton dust standard, which are made available to the
employer by the Assistant Secretary.
1, 2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane 1910.1 044(n)(1) and (2)
(1) Training program
(i) The employer shall institute a trammg program for all employees who may be
exposed to DSCP and shall assure their participation in such training program.
(ii) The employer shall assure that each employee is informed of the following:
(a) The information contained in Appendix A;
(b) The quantity, location, manner of use, release or storage of DSCP and the specific
nature of operations which could result in exposure to DSCP as well as any necessary
protective steps;
(c) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respirators';
(d) The purpose and description of the medical surveillance program required by para-
graph (m) of this section; and
(e) A review of this standard, including appendixes.
(2) Access to training materials.
(i) The employer shall make a copy of this standard and its appendixes readily availa-
ble to all affected employees.
(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials relating to the employee
information and training program to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
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Acrylonitrile (Vinyl Cyanide) 1910.1045(0)(1) and (2)
(1) Training program
(i) By January 2, 1979, the employer shall institute a training program for and assure
the participation of all employees exposed to AN above the action level, all employees
whose exposures are maintained below the action level by engineering and work
practice controls, and all employees subject to potential skin or eye contact with liquid
AN.
(ii) Training shall be provided at the tiroe of initial assignment, or upon institution of
the training program, and at least annually thereafter, and the employer shall assure
that each employee is informed of the following:
(A) The information contained in Appendixes A and B [Editor's Note: See Federal Reg-
ister, Vol. 43, No. 192, Oct. 3, 1978, pp. 45813-45815.];
(B) The quantity, location, manner of use, release, or storage of AN, and the specific
nature of operations which could result in exposure to AN, as well as any necessary
protective steps;
(C) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respirators and protective clothing;
(0) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program required by
paragraph (n) of this section;
(E) The emergency procedures developed, as required by paragraph (i) of this section;
(F) Engineering and work practice controls, their function, and the employee's rela-
tionship to these controls; and
(G) A review of this standard.
(2) Access to training materials.
(i) The employer shall make a copy of this standard and its appendixes readily availa-
ble to all affected employees. --.----
(ii) The employer shall provide.,-upon request, all-materials relating to the employee
information and training program to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.
Ethylene Oxide 1910.1 047(j)(3)
(3) Information and training
(i) The employer shall provide employees who are potentially exposed to EtO at or
above the action level or above the excursion limit with information and training on
EtO at the time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter.
(ii) Employees shall be informed of the following:
(A) The requirements of this section with an explanation of its contents, including
Substance Safety Data Sheet for Ethylene Oxide (Appendix A), and Substance Techni-
cal Guidelines For Ethylene Oxide (Appendix B);
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(8) Any operations in their wOL~_~~a where EtO i~_present;
(C) The location and availability of the written EtO final rule; and
(0) The medical surveillance program required by paragraph (i) of this section with an
explanation of the information in Appendix C (Medical Surveillance Guidelines For
Ethylene Oxide).
(iii) Employee training shall include at least:
(A) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of
EtO in the work area (such as monitoring conducted by the employer, continuous
monitoring devices, etc.);
(8) The physical and health hazards of EtO;
(C) The measures employees can take to protect themselves from hazards associated
with EtO exposure, including specific procedures the employer has implemented to
protect employees from exposure to EtO, such as work practices, emergency proce-
dures, and personal protective equipment to be used; and
(0) The details of the hazard communication program developed by the employer,
including an explanation of the labeling system and how employees can obtain and
use the appropriate hazard information.
Formaldehyde 1910.1 048(n)
(n) Employee information and training-
(1) Participation. The employer shall assure that all employees who are assigned to
workplaces where there is a health hazard from formaldehyde participate in a training
program.
(2) Frequency.
(i) Employers shall provide employees with information and training on formaldehyde
at the time of their initial assignment and whenever a new hazard from formaldehyde
is introduced into their work area.
(ii) Employers shall provide such information and training at least annually for all
employees exposed to formaldehyde concentrations at or above the action level or the
STEL.
(3) Training program. The training program shall be conducted in a manner which the
employee is able to understand and shall include:
(i) A discussion of the contents of this regulation and the contents of the Material
Safety Data Sheet.
(ii) The purpose for and a description of the medical surveillance program required by
this standard, including:
(A) A description of the potential health hazards associated with exposure to formal-
dehyde and a description of the signs and symptoms of exposure to formaldehyde.
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
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EMPLOYEE TRAINING
(8) Instructions to immediately report to the employer the development of any adverse
signs or symptoms that the employee suspects is attributable to formaldehyde
exposure.
(Hi) Description of operations in the work area where formaldehyde is present and an
explanation of the safe work practices appropriate for limiting exposure to formalde-
hyde in each job;
(iv) The purpose for, proper use of, and limitations of personal protective clothing and
equipment;
(v) Instructions for the handling of spills, emergencies, and clean-up procedures;
(vi) An explanation of the importance of engineering and work practice controls for
employee protection and any necessary instruction in the use of these controls; and
(vii) A review of emergency proc-edures including-the specific duties or assignments
of each employee in the event of an emergency.
(4) Access to training materials.
(i) The employer shall inform all affected employees of the location of written training
materials and shall make these materials readily available, without cost, to the affected
employees.
(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all training materials relating to the
employee training program to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.
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PROGRAM NOTES
PROGRAM NOTES
The first pages in this section contain "Guidelines For Management Of A Safety And
Health Program." The Guidelines, issued by OSHA, are suggestions for the development
of a general safety and health program to prevent occupational injuries and illnesses.
The rest of this section of the manual is for your use. Jot down notes, record information,
develop your plan of attack - use this section to keep track of any data that you want
to keep with your Right to Know Compliance Manual.
At the back of this section, you will find several forms to use in your compliance program.
There are:
5 - Material Safety Data Sheet
5 - Employee Request: Material Safety Data Sheet
Use this form if you want to keep a written record of requests from
employees for copies of specific MSDSs.
5 - Chemical Inventory List
Use this form to compile your chemical inventory list. Remember, you
only need to list the chemical name. The other columns are for your
use. Put any information in the other three columns or put nothing
'there.
5 - Chemicals: Employee Training
This form can be used to cross reference your chemicals with which
employees are exposed to them.
For additional copies of these forms or for information on other Right to Know compliance
aids, contact J. J. Keller & Associates.
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
NOTES-l
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PROGRAM NOTES
The Guidelines
(a) General. (1) Employers are advised and
encouraged to institute and maintain in
their establishments a program which
provides systematic policies, procedures,
and practices that are adequate to recog-
nize and protect their employees from
occupational safety and health hazards.
(2) An effective program includes provi-
sions for the systematic identification,
evaluation, and prevention or control of
general workplace hazards, specific job
hazards, and potential hazards which may
arise from foreseeable conditions.
(3) Although compliance with the law,
including specific OSHA standards, is an
important objective, an effective program
looks beyond specific requirements of law
to address all hazards. It will seek to
prevent injuries and illnesses whether or
not compliance is at issue.
(4) The extent to which the program is
described in writing is less important than
how effective it is in practice. As the size
of a worksite or the complexity of a haz-
ardous operation increases, hoWever, ther
need for written guidance increases to
ensure clear communication of policies
and priorities and consistent and fair
application of rules.
(b) Major Elements. An effective occupa-
tional safety and health program will
include the following four elements. To
implement these elements, it will include
the actions described in paragraph (c).
(1) Management commitment and em-
ployee involvement are complementary.
Management commitment provides the
motivating force and the resources for
organizing and controlling activities within
an organization. In an effective pr9gHlm,
156
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
management regards worker safety and
health as a fundamental value of the
organization and applies its commitment
to safety and health protection with as
much vigor as to other organizational
purposes. Employee involvement provides
the means through which workers develop
and/or express their own commitment to
safety and health protection, for them-
selves and for their fellow workers.
(2) Worksite analysis involves a variety of
worksite examinations, to identify not only
existing hazards but also conditions and
operations in which changes might occur
to create hazards. Unawareness of a haz-
ard which stems from failure to examine
the worksite is a sure sign that safety and
health policies and/or practices are inef-
fective. Effective management actively
analyzes the work and worksite, to antic-
ipate and prevent occurrences.
(3) Hazard prevention and control are
triggered by a determination that a hazard
or potential hazard exists. Where feasible,
hazards are prevented by effective design
of the job site or job. Where it is not
feasible to eliminate them, they are con-
trolled to prevent unsafe and unhealthful
exposure. Elimination or control is accom-
plished in a timely manner, once a hazard
or potential hazard is recognized.
(4) Safety and health training addresses
the safety and health responsibilities of all
personnel concerned with the site,
whether salaried or hourly. It is often most
effective when incorporated into other
training about performance requirements
and job practices. Its complexity depends
on the size and complexity of the worksite,
and the nature of the hazards and poten-
tial hazards at the site.
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--
PROGRAM NOTES
.'
(c) Recommended Actions. (1) Manage-
ment Commitment and Employee Involve-
ment. (i) State clearly a worksite policy on
safe and healthful work and working
conditions, so that all personnel with
responsibility at the site and personnel at
other locations with responsibility for the
site understand the priority of safety and
health protection in relation to other
organizational values.
(ii) Establish and communicate a clear goal
for the safety and health program and
objectives for meeting that goal, so that all
members of the organization understand
the results desired and the measure
planned for achieving them.
(iii) Provide visible top management in-
volvement in implementing the program,
so that all will understand that manage-
ment's commitment is serious.
(iv) Provide for and encourage employee
involvement in the structure and operation
of the program and in decisions that affect
their safety and health, so that they will
commit their insight and energy to achiev-
ing the safety and health program's goal
and objectives.
(v) Assign and communicate responsibility
for all aspects of the program, so that
managers, supervisors, and employees in
all parts of the organization know what
performance is expected of them.
(vi) Provide adequate authority and resour-
ces to responsible parties, so that
assigned responsibilities can be met.
(vii) Hold managers, supervisors, and
employees accountable for meeting their
responsibilities, so that essential tasks will
be performed.
(viii) Review program operation$ at least
annually to evaluate their success in
NOTES-4
7/89
meeting the goal and objectives, so that
deficiencies can be identified and the
program and/or the objectives can be
revised when they do not meet the goal of
effective safety and health protection.
(2) Worksite Analysis. (i) So that all
hazards are identified:
(A) Conduct comprehensive baseline work-
site surveys for safety and health and
periodic comprehensive update surveys;
(8) Analyze planned and new facilities,
processes, materials, and equipment; and
(C) Per-fOrm routine job hazard analyses.
(ii) Provide for regular site safety and
health inspections, so that new or pre-
viously missed hazards and failures in
hazard controls are identified.
(iii) So that employee insight and experi-
ence in safety and health protection may
be utilized and employee concerns may be
addressed, provide a reliable system for
employees, without fear of reprisal, to
notify management personnel about condi-
tions that appear hazardous and to receive
timely and appropriate responses: and
encourage employees to use the system.
(iv) Provide for investigation of accidents
and "near miss" incidents, so that their
causes and rrieans for their prevention are
identified.
(v) Analyze injury and illness trends over
time, so that patterns with common
causes can be identified and prevented.
(3) Hazard Prevention and Control. (i) So
that all current and potential hazards,
however detected, are corrected or con-
trolled in a timely manner, establish
procedures for that purpose, using the
following measures:
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
157
(A) Engineering techniques where feasible
and appropriate;
(8) Procedures for safe work which are
understood and followed by all affected
parties, as a result of training, positive
reinforcement, correction of unsafe perfor-
mance, and, if necessary, enforcement
through a clearly communicated disciplin-
ary system;
(C) Provision of personal protective equip-..
ment; and
(D) Administrative controls, such as reduc-
ing the duration of exposure.
(ii) Provide for facility and equipment
maintenance, so that hazardous break-..
down is prevented.
(iii) Plan and prepare for emergencies, and
conduct training and drills as needed, so
that the response of all parties to emer-
gencies will be "second nature."
(iv) Establish a medical program which
includes availability of first aid on site and
of physician and' emergency medical care
nearby, so that harm will be minimized if
an injury or illness does occur.
(4) Safety and Health Training. (i) Ensure
that all employees understand the hazards
to which they may be exposed and how to
prevent harm to themselves and others
from exposure to these hazards,-_S_Q.Jhat
employees accept and follow established
safety and health protections.
(ii) So that supervisors will carry out their
safety and health responsibilities effec-
tively, ensure that they understand those
responsibilities and the reasons for-them,
including:
(A) Analyzing the work under their super-
vision to identify unrecognized potential
hazards;
158
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
PROGRAM NOTES
(8) Maintaining physical protections in
their work areas; and
(C) Reinforcing employee training on the
nature of potential hazards in their work
and on needed protective measures,
through continual performance feedback
and, if necessary, through enforcement of
safe work practices.
(iii) Ensure that managers understand
their safety and health responsibilities, as
described under (c)(1), "Management
Commitment and Employee Involvement,"
so that the managers will effectively carry
out those responsibilities.
NOTES-5
3 - 7/89
Material ~atety
Data Sheet
Date last revised
I. General Information
Chemical Name & Synonyms
Trade Name & Synonyms
Chemical Family
Formula
Proper DOT Shipping Name
DOT Hazard Classification
Manufacturer
Manufacturer's Phone Number
Manufacturer's Address
Chemtrec Phone Number
II. In redients
Principal Hazardous Components
.-
..... ._"__ ...._. __'''_,''.'_H___ __,~_.".____._.__.__.'_____..____.____.___.__.___,.,__...___.__.__._._._.__4....,__ "_" _.____~,__
Percent Threshold limit Value (units)
III. Ph sical Data
Boiling Point (OF)
Specific Gravity (H20 = 1)
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.)
Percent Volatile By Volume (%)
~,_... ...__.........._....__._...m..._.. ... ..,___.___.._.__,_.___._ ..........._ _'_.~..___._____._______.___...____.'_.._ .,._.',. .__.....__ __"___"___"_~'.""_"__"."'____" _.__.-.________..'__.._.__.___________~________.__.
= 1)
Vapor Density (Air = 1)
Evaporation Rate (
Solubility in Water
pH
Appearance & Odor
IV. Fire & Ex losion Hazard Data
Flash Point (Test Method)
Auto Ignition Temperature
Flammable limits
lEl
Extinguishing Media
Special Fire Fighting Procedures
Unusual Fire & Explosion Hazards
· Copyrioh. 1986 & PublMed Iy J. J. IElLER & ASSOClATES, INC. - Ne.nah, WI ~956-0368
I UEl
159
\38.'
\0/86
V. Health Hazard Data
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit
ACGIH Threshold Limit Value
Carcinogen - NTP Program
Carcinogen - IARC Program
Symptoms of Exposure
Medical Conditions Aggravated By Exposure
Primary Route(s) of Entry
Emergency First Aid
VI. Reactivit Data
Sta bility
Unstable
Stable
Conditions To Avoid
Incompatability
Materials To Avoid
Hazardous
Polymerization Will Not Occur
Hazardous Decomposition Products
Conditions To Avoid
VII. Environmental Protection Procedures
Spill Response
Waste Disposal Method
VIII. S ecial Protection Information
Eye Protection
Skin Protection
Respiratory Protection (Specific Type)
Ventilation Recommended
Other Protection
IX. S ecial Precautions
Hygienic Practices In Handling & Storage
Precautions For Repair & Maintenance Of Contaminated Equipment
Other Precautions
160
EMPLOYEE REQUEST:
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
EMPLOYEE'S NAME REQUEST DATE
EMPLOYEE'S REPRESENTATIVE __ n___._ -- TITLE
EMPLOYEE'S TITLE DEPARTMENT
THE SUBSTANCE OR SUBSTANCES
FOR WHICH I REQUEST A COpy OF
THE MA TERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
IS (ARE):
.
,
EMPLOYEE'S SIGNATURE REPRESENTATIVE'S SIGNATURE
.-
REQUEST STATUS
REQUESTED COPV(S) RECEIVED
(SIGNATURE) (DATE)
REQUESTED COPV(S) UNAVAILABLE
(SIGNATURE) (DATE)
THE UNAVAILABLE COPV(S) OF THE MATERIAL SAFETV DATA SHEET HAVE BEEN REQUESTED
FROM, AND WILL BE FURNISHED BV, THE SUPPLIER. ,
(COMPLIANCE OFFICER) (DATE)
161
"'985. J J. KELLER & ASSOCIATES. INC. (9.KI
White Copy - Original, Canary Copy - Employee's Copy
22S-FS-C2
CHEMICAL INVENTORY LIST
I MSDSs
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS CAS NO. OPERATIONI AREA USED (OPTIONAL) ON FILE I
f- 1
---_.--- --
I
--;:J._
1
I
-
I
-
J
,
J
I
-=-.I
. I
J
, -,--
..
-
-
_.
162
.1985. J. J. KEllER & ASSOCIATES-INC. (9-1<)
222-F (Rev. 12/89)
CHEMICALS: EMPLOYEE TRAINING
I TRAINING
CHEMICAL NAME OR FAMILY EMPLOYEES EXPOSED REQUIRED
YES NO
--.-- ---" -- . .
,
163
.1985. J. J. KELlER & ASSOCIATES, INC. (9-K)
223-F
WRITTEN HAZARD COMMUNICATION
SAMPLE HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM
Introduction
The Hazard Communication Standard
requires you to develop a written hazard
communication program.
The following is a sample hazard commu-
nication program that you may use as a
guide in developing your program.
Our Hazard Communication Program
General Company Policy
The purpose of this notice is to inform you
that our company is complying with the
OSHA Hazard Communication Standard,
Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations
1910.1200, by compiling a hazardous
chemicals list, by using MSDSs, by ensur-
ing that containers are labeled, and by
providing you with training.
This program applies to all work opera-
tions in our company where you may be
exposed to hazardous substances under
normal working. conditions or during an
emergency situation.
The safety and health (S&H) manager,
Robert Jones, is the program coordinator-I'
acting as the representative of the plant
manager, who has overall responsibility
for the program. Mr. Robert Jones will
review and update the program, as neces-
sary. Copies of the written program may
be obtained from Mr. Jones in RGom-SD-
10.
Under this program, you will be informed
of the contents of the Hazard Communica-
tion Standard, the hazardous properties of
164 INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
chemicals with which you work, safe
handling procedures, and measures to
take to protect yourselves from these
chemicals. You will also be informed of
the hazards associated with non-routine
tasks, such as the cleaning of reactor
vessels, and the hazards associated with
chemicals in unlabeled pipes.
List of Hazardous Chemicals
The safety and health manager will make
a list of all hazardous chemicals and
related work practices used in the facility,
and will update the list as necessary. Our
list of chemicals identifies all of the chem-
icals used in our ten work process areas.
A separate list is available for each work
area and is posted there. Each list also
identifies the corresponding MSDS for
each chemical. A master list of these
chemicals will be maintained by, and is
available from Mr. Jones' in Room SD-10.
Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDSs)
MSDSs provide you with specific informa-
tion on the chemicals you use. The safety
and health manager, Mr. Jones, will main-
tain a binder in his office with an MSDS
on every substance on the list of hazard-
ous chemicals. The MSDS will be a fully
completed OSHA Form 174 or equivalent.
The plant manager, Jeff O'Brien, will
ensure that each work site maintains as
MSDS for hazardous materials in that
area. MSDSs will be made readily avail-
able to you at your work station during
your shifts.
HAZ/COM-7
3 - 7/8.9
WRITTEN HAZARD COMMUNICATION
The safety and health manager, Mr.
Jones, is responsible for acquiring and
updating MSDSs. He will contact the
chemical manufacturer or vendor if addi-
tional research is necessary or if an MSDS
has not been supplied with an initial
shipment. All new procurements-Tor-the
company must be cleared by the safety
and health manager. A master list of
MSDSs is available from Mr. Jones in
Room SD-1 O.
labels and Other Forms of Warning
The safety and health manager will ensure
that all hazardous chemicals in the plant
are properly labeled and updated,--as-nec-
essary. Labels should list at least the
chemical identity, appropriate hazard
warnings, and the name and address of
the manufacturer, importer or other
responsible party. Mr. Jones will refer to
the corresponding MSDS to assist you in
verifying label information. Containers that
are shipped from the plant will be checked
by the supervisor Qf shipping and receiving
to make sure all containers are properly
labeled.
If there are a number of stationary con-
tainers within a work area that have
similar contents and hazards, signs will be
posted on them to convey the hazard
information. On our stationary process
equipment, regular process sheets, batch
tickets, blend tickets, and similar written
materials will be substituted for container
labels when they contain the same infor-
mation as labels. These written materials.-
will be made readily available to you
during your work shift.
HAZ/COM-8
3 - 7/89
If you transfer chemicals from a labeled
container to a portable container that is
intended only for your immediate use, no
labels are required on the portable con-
tainer. Pipes or piping systems will not be
labeled but their contents will be des-
cribed i-Ii the training sessions.
Non-Routine Tasks
When you are required to perform hazard-
ous non-routine tasks (e.g., cleaning tanks,
entering confined spaces, etc.), a special
training session will be conducted to
inform you regarding the hazardous chem-
icals to which you might be exposed and
the pro-per precautions to take to reduce or
avoid exposure.
Training
Everyone who works with or is potentially
exposed to hazardous chemicals will
receive initial training on the Hazard
Communication Standard and the safe use
of those hazardous chemicals by the
safety and health manager. A program
that uses both audiovisual materials and
classroom type training has been prepared
for this purpose. Whenever a new hazard
is introduced, additional training will be
provided. Regular safety meetings will also
be used to review the information pres-
ented in the initial training. Foremen and
other supervisors will be extensively
trained regarding hazards and appropriate
protective measure so they will be avail-
able to answer questions from employees
and provide daily monitoring of safe work
practices.
I---
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
165
The training plan will emphasize these
items:
. Summary of the standard and this
written program.
. Chemical and physical properties of
hazardous materials (e.g., flash point,
reactivity) and methods that can be
used to detect the presence or release
of chemicals (including chemicals in
unlabeled pipes).
. Physical hazards of chemicals (e.g.,
potential for fire, explosion, etc.).
. Health hazards, including signs and
symptoms of exposure, associated
with exposure to chemicals and any
medical condition known to be aggra-
vated by exposure to the chemical.
. Procedures to protect against hazards
(e.g., personal protective equipment
required, proper use, and mainte-
nance; work practices or methods tei-
assure proper use and handling of
chemicals; and procedures for emer-
gency response).
. Work procedures to follow to assure
protection when cleaning hazardous
chemical spills and leaks.
. Where MSOSs are located,--how to
read and interpret the information on
both labels and MSOSs, and how
employees may obtain additional haz-
ard information.
The safety and health manager or desig-
nee will review our employee training
program and advise the plant manager on
training or retraining needs. Retraining is
required when the hazard changes or
when a new hazard is introduced into the
workplace, but it will be company policy to
INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS
166
WRITTEN HAZARD COMMUNICATION
provide training regularly in safety meet-
ings to ensure the effectiveness of the
program. As part of the assessment of the
training program, the safety and health
manager will obtain input from employees
regarding the training they have received,
and their suggestions for improving it.
Contractor Employers
The safety and health manager, Robert
Jones, upon notification by the responsible
supervisor, will advise outside contractors
in person of any chemical hazards that
may be encountered in the normal course
of their work on the premises, the labeling
system in use, the protective measures to
be taken, and the safe handling proce-
dures to be used. In addition, Mr. Jones
will notify these individuals of the location
and availability of MSOSs. Each contractor
bringing chemicals on-site must provide
us with the appropriate hazard information
on these substances, including the labels
used and the precautionary measures to
be taken in working with these chemicals.
Additional Information
All employees, or their designated repre-
sentatives, can obtain further information
on this written program, the hazard com-
munication standard, applicable MSOSs,
and chemical information lists at the
safety and health office, Room 50-10.
HAZ/COM-9
3 - 7/89
SECTION 8:
LOCKOUT/TAGOUTPROGRAM
.
. . . . . . . .
.. .............. " .
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.. ................ .
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.. .
. .
.. .
. . .
. .
. .
. . . .
. .
. I . .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.. .
.
. .
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
.
.
. .
. .
.
. .
. .
'"""'._... . I .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.. .
.
. .
.. .
. .
. .
.
-- . .
DON1T STICK YOUR
NECK OUT
LOCK IT OUT !
SECTION 8 -- MONROE COUNTY LOCKOUTffAGOUT PROCEDURES
1. General: Lockout is the preferred method of isolating machines
or equipment from energy sources. The following procedure is pro-
vided for use in both lockout or tagout programs. This procedure
will be used when there are limited numbers or types of machines or
equipment, or there is a single power source. For more complex
systems, a more comprehensive procedure must be developed, document-
ed, and utilized.
2. LockoutfTagout Procedure for Your Organization:
Purpose: This procedure establishes the minimum requirements for the
lockout or tagout of energy isolating devices. It shall be used to
ensure that the machine or. equipment is isolated from all potentially
hazardous energy, and locked out and/or tagged out before qualified
personnel perform any servicing or maintenance activities where the
unexpected energization, start-up, or release of stored energy could
cause injury.
3. Terminology Used:
a. Shall -- Indicates a mandatory require~ent.
b. Will -- Is also used to indicate a mandatory requirement and
in addition is used to express a declaration of intent, proba-
bility, or determination.
c. Should -- Indicates a preferred method of accomplishment.
d. May -- Indicates an acceptable or satisfactory method of
accomplishment.
4. Definitions:
a. Energy Isolating Device -- A physical device that prevents
the transmission or release of energy, including, but not
limited to, the following: A manually operated electrical
circuit breaker, a disconnect switch, a slide gat.e, a slip
blind, a line valve, blocks, and similar devices with a visi-
ble indication of the position of the device. Push buttons,
selector switches, and other control circuit type devices are
not energy isolating devices.
b. Energy Source -- Any electrical, mechanical, hydraulic,
pneumatic, chemical, nuclear, thermal, or other energy source
that could cause injury to personnel.
c. Lockout Device -- A device that utilizes a lock and key to
hold an energy isolating device in the safe position for the
purpose of protecting personnel.
170
d. Tagout Device -- A mishap prevention tag that is capable of
being securely attached and that, for the purpose of protect-
ing personnel, forbids the operation of an energy isolating
device and identifies the applier or authority who has control
of the procedure.
5. Procedure:
a. Responsibility -- Each unit will identify those personnel
who will have the responsibility to ensure this procedure is
adhered to. A list of qualified personnel will be maintained
by each workcenter. They must be identified by name(s)/job
titles.
Those personnel shall be instructed in the safety significance
of the lockout (or tagout) procedure. Each new or transferred
individual and other personnel whose work operations are, or
may be in the area shall be instructed in the purpose and use
of the lockout/tagout procedures during initial job safety
briefing.
b. Preparation for Lockout{fagout -- Each workcenter supervisor
will conduct a survey to locate and identify all machines and
equipment requiring lockout/tagout procedures. A copy of this
list will be given to the Unit Safety Representative and the
Monroe County Safety office. Each responsible workcenter
supervisor will maintain their list. Each Unit Safety Repre-
sentative will maintain that unit's master list. Each entry
will include: name of equipment, including manufacturer and
model number; what and how to lockout; location of equipment
and building.
.
All isolating devices shall be located and identified to be
certain which switch(es), valve(s), or other energy isolating
devices apply to the machines and equipment to be locked
and/or tagged out. More than one energy source (electrical,
mechanical, or others) may be involved. (List types and loca-
tions of energy isolating device for each machine or equip-
ment).
c. Sequence of Lockout or Tagout System Procedure:
(1) Notify all personnel that a lockout or tagout system is
going to be utilized and the reason. The individual shall
know the type and magnitude of energy that the machine or
equipment utilizes and shall understand the hazards it
presents.
(2) If the machine. or equipment is operating, shut itdown by
the normal stoppmg procedure (depress stop button, open
toggle switch, etc.).
(3) Operate the switch, valve, or other energy isolating de-
vice(s) so that the equipment is isolated from its energy
source(s). Stored energy (such as that in springs, elevated
171
machine members, rotating flywheels, hydraulic systems, and
air, gas, steam, or water pressure, etc.) must be dissipated
or restrained by methods such as repositioning, blocking,
bleeding down, etc. (List the type(s) of stored energy and
methods used to dissipate or restrain.)
(4) Lockout and/or tagout the energy isolating devices with
assigned individual lock(s) or tag(s) (method(s) selected;
i.e., locks, tags, additional safety measures, etc.).
(5) After ensuring that no personnel are exposed, and as a
check on having disconnected the energy sources, operate the
push button or other normal operating controls to make cer-
tain the equipment will not operate (type(s) of equipment
checked to ensure disconnections).
CAUTION: Return operating control(s) to "neutral" or "off" position
after the test.
(6) The equipment is now locked out and/or tagged out.
d. Restoring Machines or Equipment to Normal Production Opera-
tions
(1) After the servicing and/or maintenance is complete and
~quipment is ready for normal production operations, check
the area around the machines or equipment to ensure that no
one is exposed.
(2) After all tools have been removed from the machine or
equipment, guards have been reinstalled, and personnel are in
the clear, remove all lockout or tagout devices. Notify
personnel that the locks and tags have been removed and the
equipment is in service. Operate the energy isolating devic-
es to restore energy to the machine or equipment.
e. Procedure Involving More Than One Person
In the preceding steps, if more than one individual is re-
quired to lockout or tagout equipment, each shall place his or
her own personal lockout device and/or tagout device on the
energy isolating device(s). When an energy isolating device
cannot accept multiple locks or tags, a multiple lockout or
tagout device (hasp) may be used.
f. Basic Rules for Using Lockout or Tagout System Procedures
All equipment shall be locked out or tagged out to protect
against accidental or inadvertent operation when sUc.h opera-
tion could cause injury to personnel. Do not attempt to oper-
ate any switch, valve, or other energy isolating device when
it is locked or tagged out.
172
g. Inspections
(l) Periodic inspections of the lockoutjtagout program shall
be conducted at least annually by the Safety Director to
ensure that the requirements of this program are in compli-
ance. The inspection shall include at a minimum, the pro-
gram's procedures, training, and self-inspection.
(2) A semi-annual inspection shall be conducted by the unit to
ensure compliance with all program elements. The inspection
shall include at a minimum, the identification of the ma-
chines and equipment on which the lockoutjtagout program is
used, a review of each person's responsibilities under the
program, and that all necessary training has been conducted
and documented. The inspection shall be documented to in-
clude the date of the inspection and the unit representative
conducting the inspection. All documentation will be placed
in the Division Safety Management Book.
h. Training
(I) Training shall be provided to ensure the purpose and func-
tion of the lockoutjtagout programs are understood by supervi-
sors, operators, and qualified equipment maintenance person-
oel and that the knowledge and skills required for safe usage
of lockoutjtagout procedures are understood. The training
shall include the following:
(a) Each supervisor, operator, or any qualified equip-
ment maintenance personnel shall receive initial
job training on the type and magnitude of applica-
ble energy sources, the methods and means necessary
for energy isolation and control, and the use of
the lockoutjtagout procedures.
(b) All other personnel whose duties are or may be in
an area where lockoutjtagout procedures may be
utilized, shall be briefed on the lockoutjtagout
program during the initial job safety briefing.
(2) When lockoutjtagout procedures are used, supervisors,
operators, or any qualified equipment maintenance person-
nel shall also receive initial job training on the fol-
lowing use of locks and tags:
(a) Tags are essentially warning devices attached to
energy isolating devices, and do not provide the
physical restraint on those devices that is provid-
ed by a lock.
(b) When a lock or tag is attached to an energy isolat-
ing device, only the person, supervisor or the
designated representative, who initially installed
173
the lock or tag can remove it, and it can never be
bypassed, ignored, or otherwise defeated.
(c) Tags may cause a false sense of security, and their
use and limitations need to be understood as part
of the overall energy control program.
(d) Tags will be securely attached so that they cannot
be inadvertently or accidentally detached during
use.
(3) Retraining shall be provided for supervisors, operators,
and a change in their job assignments, a change in ma-
chines or equipment, processes that present a new haz-
ard, or when there is a change in the lockoutjtagout
procedures. Additional retraining shall also be conduct-
ed whenever a periodic inspection reveals that there are
deviations from, or qualified equipment maintenance
personnel's knowledge or use of the lockoutjtagout proce-
dures.
(4) All training shall be certified and documented and kept
up-to-date. The certification shall contain each indi-
vidual's name and dates of training. This training
shall be documented on Me Form SAF-8, "Employee Safety
and Health Record".
6. Other:
a. These written procedures must be readily available to all
qualified and responsible individuals.
b. These procedures apply to the industrial environment and do
not apply to new construction, or electrical power genera-
tion, transmission and distribution facilities.
c. To meet their needs, each unit may want to establish addition-
al items to these basic procedures. The intent of the lock-
outjtagout program must be met and the above procedures can-
not be circumvented.
174
SECTION 9 :
~- SAFETY RULES & PROCEDURES
ISAFETY NOTESI
SECTION 9 - SAFETY RULES AND PROCEDURES
r
"That new mnployee listens to 1ny even) word on safety.
I wonder what he's up to."
Reprinted from Safety Compliance Letter with permission from Bureau of Business Practice
SECTION 9 -- SAFETY RULES AND PROCEDURES
GENERAL SAFETY RULES
(t) General
It is the responsibility of every employee to know and adhere to
the Safety Rules and Regulations which apply to the area in which
he or she is working or visiting.
Report all injuries and property damage to your Supervisor.
Report all unsafe conditions to your Supervisor.
Fighting, disorderly conduct, horseplay and practical jokes are
prohibited.
Reporting for work under the influence of intoxicants will not be
permitted. Use of intoxicants during working hours is prohibited.
Unauthorized firearms or explosives will not be allowed on County
property.
Smoking regulations shall be observed and obeyed.
No person will be permitted to work if his or her ability or alert-
ness is impaired through fatigue or other causes as to make it
unsafe fQr himself/herself or his/her fellow workers.
Do not wear jewelry, loose clothing, neckties or loose headbands
when working around or operating rotating machinery and equipment.
Review the Safety Material posted on bulletin boards or distributed
in your work area.
Do not operate machinery while taking medication which warns
against the operation of machinery. Report all use of such medica-
tion to your Supervisor immediately.
(2) Protective Equipment and Devices
Guards installed on machinery and equipment, barriers, and other
protective devices provided for your protection shall not be re-
moved, and will be used in accordance with established rules and
procedures.
Personal protective equipment shall be worn when performing work
requiring such protection.
All fire safety equipment such as fire extinguishers, hose racks,
hose reels, detectors, fire alarms, and fire lanes shall be kept
clear of obstructions.
178
(3) Operational Hazards
Good housekeeping shall be maintained in all areas. Walkways,
aisles and working areas shall be kept clean and free of obstruc-
tions.
Compressed air and other gases under pressure must be used only for
the purpose intended.
Do not operate machinery or equipment unless you are authorized to
do so.
Use the right tool for the job. For example, it is improper to use
pliers to drive nails.
Inspect tools regularly for damage and defects. Replace or turn in
all defective tools.
Never use a portable electrical tool unless you know it is in good
condition.
Portable electrical tools are required to be grounded at the case
or frame or grounded by use of a three wire conductor and plug, if
not double insulated. If an extension cord is to be used with the
tool, the cord must be of the three-wire grounded type.
Double-insulated portable electrical tools are internally grounded
by incorporating insulation in the case or frame. The wire contain-
ing the male plug will have two prongs in the place of three.
Check the plate on the tool to ensure that it states that the tool
is "double-insulated" and will not require the prescribed ground
wire and.. plug.
Never use or try to repair unfamiliar power equipment.
Always protect electric cords from damage by oil, ensure their
insulation is not frayed or broken, and keep them clear of aisles
where they may be run over by trucks or other equipment or cause a
tripping hazard.
Notify your Supervisor of any fire safety equipment that is damaged
or will not operate.
Only authorized persons will enter roped off or barricaded areas.
Emergency equipment will not be removed or used except for simulat-
ed or actual emergencies.
Report all instances where guards are not installed, are inopera-
tive, or area in need of replacement or repair.
179
BACK INJURY PREVENTION
Back Pain Can Put you in the Background
80% of Americans have back problems at some time in their life. It can
be serious and chronic. Believe me, you don't want back pain, so fol-
low the guidelines in this section.
Sitting is a Major Cause of Back Strain
The truth is, sitting is one of the biggest causes of strain on your
back.
The Best Way to Sit is Straight,
with your back against the back of a supportive chair, feet on the
floor, knees level with or slightly higher than hips.
You'll put les..t; strain on your back when you sit if you:
Hold what you're reading upright instead of leaning over to read
it on your desk top.
Keep your chair close to your desk.
Support your lower back by putting a cushion behind it.
Turn your whole body, instead of twisting part of it, to reach
something that's off to one side.
Use your elbow to support your arm when you're on the phone.
Don't cradle the phone in your neck.
Shift seating positions regularly during the day.
Get up and walk around periodically.
Good sitting posture will help keep your spine in balanced alignment.
And you can avoid backache, fatigue, or even back injury.
Proper Lifting Procedures
Lifting the wrong way is a major cause of back injury. So, when you
lift, keep your back straight, and let your legs do the work.
To Lift Properly:
I. Consider the size, weight, and shape of the object to be
carried. Do not lift more than can be comfortably handled.
If necessary, get help. Split up the load, don't be in a
rush.
2. Set feet solidly with one foot slightly ahead of the other
for increased effectiveness. Feet should be far enough
apart to give good balance and stability.
180
3. Get ns close to the lond as possihle. Bend legs ahout 90
degrees at the knees. Crouch, do not squat. It trikes ahout
twice as much effort to get up from a squat.
4. Keep the hack as strnight as possihle. It may he far from
heing vertical, hut it should not he arched. Tuck in the
chin so the head is in line with the hack. Bend at the
hips, not the middle of the hack.
5. Grip the object firmly. Maintain the grip while lifting :lnd
c:lr~ying. Before changing the grip, set the ohject down
ag:l1l1.
6. Tighten the stomach muscles and straighten the legs to lift
the object and at the s::tme time bring the back to a vertical
position.
7. Never carry a load that you cannot see over or around. M:lke
sure the p::tth of travel is clear.
Rack support and comfort. Stand tall--hcad up, shoulders back. Shift
positions frequently. If you're standing in one place for very long,
keep one foot on a raised step.
Sleep on a firm mattress or with a board between mattress and box
springs. To relnx your back, sleep on your side with your knees bent or
on your back with a pillow under your knees.
Drive so your hack is straight against the scat. Keep your knees bent,
slightly higher than your hips.
181
Use a ladder to reach high objects.
Push, don't pull, heavy objects.
Exercise.
Some Simple Exercises for Muscle Tone
Pelvic Tilt
Lie on your back, knees bent, feet flat on the floor. Tighten your
stomach and buttocks muscles, pressing your lower back against the
floor. Hold that position for a few seconds. Let the muscles relax.
Then repeat.
Half Sit-Up
Lie on your back, knees bent, arms at sides. Slowly pull your head,
neck, and shoulders up, and raise your arms to touch your knees. Hold
for a few seconds, then slowly lie back. Repeat.
Wall Slide
Stand with your back to a wall, legs slightly apart. Pull in your stom-
ach and buttocks until your lower back presses the wall. Then move your
feet out a little and slide your back down the wall almost to a seated
position. Hold that for a few seconds, then slowly slide up. Repeat.
Shoulder Shrug
St.and or sit, head up, arms at sides. Shrug your shoulders up toward
your ears, as high as you can. Hold for a few seconds, then relax.
Repeat.
Rules for Back Protection
Use mechanical help to lift or move whenever possible. When no one is
around to help or the load is too heavy; use a hand truck, forklift,
hoist, dolly or other device.
Let leverage do the work. Leverage can help do the work without
straining your back.
Lift with your legs when shoveling. For the best leverage, keep your
hands far apart, legs bent at the knees, back straight.
Clear your path. Get rid of any hazards you see such as obstacles,
spills, etc., before you pick up your load.
Split big loads int.o smaller loads. Don't try t.o carry a heavy load
when it can be split into smaller ones. The little bit of extra time
can save you an awful lot of pain. Don't be in a big rush.
Bend your knees when you're working low. Keep your back as straight
as possible. Bending from the waist can hurt your back.
182
Don't jump from short heights such as loading docks, trucks or plat-
forms. The shock could hurt your back. Use a ladder or carefully lower
yourself down.
Lifting high loads can be dangerous. Test the weight first. Then get
as close as you can, and let it slide down your body until you can grip
it firmly. If you can't reach the load comfortably, use a ladder or get
help.
183
SLIPS, TRIPS and FALLS
The Second Biggest Killer
11,000 deaths every year
6,000 at home
5,000 at work or public places
12,000,000 injuries
$5,000 compensation costs
3 Primary Causes
Unsafe housekeeping
Change in physical conditions
Walker's inattention
Now that you are aware that falls are common and can be the big
one, you are going to prevent getting injured by:
A voiding Slips
Watch out for hazardous walking conditions
-- Hidden Steps
When turning a corner or stepping outside, look out for steps
that may not be obvious.
--Smooth Surfaces
Watch out on floors which have been waxed but not buffed and
other highly slippery surfaces.
--Carpct~
Any rug which hasn't been tacked down or doesn't have a rubber
mat may slip out when stepped on.
--Loose Flooring
Use caution when walking over loose tiles, bricks or floor-
boards.
--Wet Spots
Don't wait for a small spill to dry itself. It only takes a
second for a serious accident to happen.
--Oil/Grease
Have rags and detergent ready whenever you use oily materials.
Don't let grease accumulate on a shop floor. Throw sawdust
down to absorb it.
184
A voiding Trips
Good housekeeping is the key to safety.
--Furniture
Arrange furniture in the office or home to avoid an obstacle
course of potential falls.
--Materials
It's hazardous to store materials in hallways and aisles --
safer in closets and cabinets.
-- Electrical Cords
If extension cords must be used and can't be moved away from
walking areas, make sure they are covered with anti-trip cord
cover.
--Untidy Floors
Any small thing -- a pencil, piece of fabric, machine part --
can cause a big fall.
--Stairs
Don't store materials on the stairs. An extra trip upstairs
can prevent a serious accident. Mark (paint yellow or apply
yellow and black floor tape to) small changes in elevations
such as a ramp or small step.
~-Drawers
Keep them closed -- even when you think it's unlikely someone
would bump into them.
.'
--Obstacles
If it's in the way, move it or walk around it -- avoid climbing
over it.
--Oute;ide
There are many tripping hazards; pay attention -- don't be in a
rush.
A voiding Falls
--Check Lighting
Lighting is especially important in stairwells.
-- Repair or Replace
Look out for stair treads which are cracked or worn.
Non-skid mats are a good idea, too. Ensure handrails
are sturdy.
--Watch Pant Leg Cuffe;
They should be short enough to eliminate danger of
catching heel while walking.
185
--Wear Good Shoes
Non-skid soles are a "safe" choice. Keep shoes in
good repair. Rubber heels are best. High heels or
platforms offer less stability. Upper shoe should
give ankles support. Keep laces tied.
--Avoid Makeshift Ladders
Don't substitute a stack of furniture or boxes for a
sturdy, properly balanced step ladder.
--Sit 4-Square
Keep all four legs of your chair on the floor. Make
sure that chairs are in good repair.
--Get Help With Big Loads
Carry only what you can handle -- and keep your bal-
ance. Steady as you go.
--Don't Jump
Lower yourself from docks, trucks or work stages.
Helping to Prevent Slip, Trip or Fall Hazards to Others
--Mark Wet Areas
Use signs to indicate wet areas when mopping or waxing, when
spills occur, etc.
--Mop When Traffic is Light
If this isn't possible, mop only a small area at a time, and
rope iLoff.
--Mark Working Areas
Use signs and cones to alert others to work areas -- especially
walking areas where workers are using tools, equipment, elec-
tric cords, etc.
--Place Carpet Runners Properly
Runners placed at entrances should have a rubber backing, and
they should lie flat. Replace runners that curl or slide on
the flnor.
-- Be Sensitive to Older Persons
Those who have reduced hearing, eyesight or mobility are espe-
cially vulnerable to slips, trips and falls. Make sure they're
aware of hazards.
--Pace Yourself .
Allow yourself the time you need so you won't have to hurry or
run.
--Take Care
Travel at a safe speed. Watch out for other people. Change
direction slowly.
186
--Fol1ow the Rules
Lenrn the snfety rules for your joh, whether it's working on
roofs or on the ground. Know how to use all the equipment
necessary for your joh.
--Act Your Age
Statistics show thnt falls are more dendly the older you arc.
Take your time now and you'll have more time later.
--Use Safely Equipment
ReIts, hard hats, special shoes, handrails, etc., arc for your
safety, but arc worthless if you don't use them.
--Don't Grope in the Dark
Use nashlight or extension light to mrtke your footing visihle
in unlighted areas.
--Don't Take Chances
^ void foolish risks; avoid t:1sks that nre heyond your ahility
to handle.
-- Be ^ lert
Watch where you Me going. Watch what you :1re doing. Watch
out for hnzards that others might miss.
EXPECT THE
UNEXPECTED~
........~
........... ..C::/~
187
But -- If You Should Fall -- You Can Reduce Your Chance
of Injury by Falling the Right_Way
-- Relax
Try not to stiffen and tense your muscles.
--Absorb
Let your cHms and legs give like a spring to absorb the impact
of the fa 11.
--Roll
Move with the direction of the energy or the fall -- to mini-
mize injury.
Tm~r
SI\ff. T~ III~~
~ r;J!k Q-~ ~
-~~ Y! ~
. j
188
GENERAL LIFTING RULES
( I ) Liftin~, Carrvin~ and Movin~ Materials
All employees are required to do some lifting, moving and han-
dling of materials and equipment as part of their regular as-
signed duties. Avoid accidents -- learn the right way to handle
materials.
Know your physical capacity and limitations and get help if need-
ed.
(2) Ba~s and Sacks
Bags and sacks may be lifted by stooping down as far as possible
and rolling the bag or sack up to the knees, chest and shoulder
before straightening the legs and carrying with the back verti-
cal. Place hand on hip so the bag or sack rests partly on the
shoulder, arm and back. Be sure of your grip and footing.
(3) Barrels and Drums
Barrels and drums may be up-ended by grasping both ends, press
down with one hand and lift the other in a rocking fashion until
the drum is balanced on the bottom chime.
The lower grip may then be released and the drum placed on end.
Keep feet in the clear. Do not drop drums or barrels.
( 4) Lon~ Objects
Long objects should be carried on the same shoulders (left or
right) of all persons making the carry. All persons should be in
step.
.
(5) Hazardous Materials
When handling hazardous materials use protective clothing and
goggles.
(6) Flammable and Explosive Material
All flammables and explosives will be moved only in properly
marked and approved containers. Never transport flammable liq-
uids in open containers.
(7) Boxes, Cartons, Packa~es and Other Material
A box, carton, or package should never be handled by the steel
strapping bands. A hand truck or fork-lift should be utilized
when required.
Lift all cartons, boxes or materials properly. Always lift with
your legs, not your back.
When two or more persons are required to handle an object, one
person should be in charge and give signals for lifting, moving,
lowering, and dropping in unison.
Before cutting metal strapping, make sure no one is standing
where he might be hit by loose ends or straps. (Eye protection
should be worn during these operations.)
189
190
, ., ~
To cut brlndS, place one gloved hand on the str:1p to prevent inju-
ry from spring-b:1ck.
Bcrore handling containers, inspect them for protruding nnils,
ends of wire, splinters and sharp ends of metal bands.
Package all loose items before moving.
Wipe off oil, grease, dirt or other foreign matter before lifting.
Wear gloves when moving rough, burned or jagged objects and those
with sharp corners. Grip carefully before moving.
Hooks, crowbars, rollers and skids should be used when provided.
Be sure you know the path of travel before you pick up the 10:1d.
Be sure the path of travel is clear of obstructions and well
lighted.
Stay within the prescribed safety aisles in warehouses and stor-
age Mens.
Never attempt to catch a henvy falling object as this can cause
severe injury.
Do not stand on a box or truck when placing materials on a high
pile or when reaching for an object above your head. Use an
approved ladder.
(R) HoistiOJ~ and Liftin~ Equipment
Never overload hand or electrically operated hoists. The rated
load will be legibly and permanently marked in a prominent loca-
tion on all hoist and lifting equipment. (Jacks supplied with
vehicles are excluded.) Rated load limits are not to be exceeded.
2J
SAFE,Y FIRST
o
;: L1F1 WrfH ~
YOUR LEGS ,/
Nor YOUR BACK
-:::;::::::-
I r CJ .---
\~ ---
rn ~
=-~'O
01--
~-
Reprinted from Safety Compliance Letter with permission from Bureau of Business Practice
OFFICE SAFETY
OFFICE S.AE.f:TY
( 1 ) General
Office work is generally considered to be one of the safest of all
County activities, but little thought is given to the hazards that
are present in most of our offices. Slips and falls on waxed
floors, collisions with desks and chairs, strains from furniture
moving, and other similar accidents arc common to offices. Special
machines and equipment used in office work also add to the accident
potential.
Undue haste results in accidents. Do not run on stairs or through
corridors. Enter and leave buildings in an orderly manner.
Bulky office supplies and materials must be properly lifted to
avoid muscle strains. Use mechanical devices to lift or carry
loads that cannot be easily handled by one or two persons.
Heavy office furniture and equipment will be moved only by properly
trained and physically qualified personnel. Chairs, boxes and
other objects will not be used as substitutes for ladders.
Overloading the top file drawer in the cabinets may overbalance the
cabinet and cause it to fall forward when the drawer is pulled
out. Put heavy materials in bottom drawers whenever possible.
Never tip your chair backward. This can cause an overbalanced
condition and result in your falling to the floor. This also caus-
es a strain on the chair to the point where it may break and cause
you to fall.
Always close your desk drawers. Many injuries are incurred from
bumping into open drawers.
Always close file cabinet drawers, especially when working in the
lower files. If you suddenly raise your head you may receive a
serious head injury by striking the drawer above you. Open file
drawers account for many injuries to persons striking them while
walking through the office.
Keep heavy books, equipment and other bulky materials off the top
of file cabinets, they may fall on you, or cause you to suffer
muscle strain when lifting them off the cabinet.
(2) Office Equipment and Machines
Objects such as knives, scissors, and pens will be handled careful-
ly to avoid injuries. Unprotected spike files will not be used.
191
Only trained, qualified personnel will opernte office machines.
Operators will be given instruction in safe work practices and told
of the particular hazards involved in the use of different machines.
Suitable office equipment will be provided for stamping, sharpen-
ing, and cutting operations. Makeshift 100ls such as unprotected
razor blades and pins will not be used.
Electrical fans, pedestal, and oscillating desk fans or all types
will be equipped with preferred safety guards when installed less
than 7 feet above the floor. Extension cords will be unplugged
when not in use and at the end of each day's work. All fans are
required to be electrically grounded. -
Electrical appliances used for coffee making and other purposes
should be inspected daily to be sure that cords are in good condi-
tion and plugs are not broken or cracked. A fire-resistant base
should be placed under all heat producing appliances to prevent a
fire hazard.
Be sure that all electrical cords are unplugged from receptacles
when appliances are not in use and at the end of the work day.
Only non-combustible waste baskets should be used in offices
whe-re employees smoke. All smoking materials will be placed in
non-combustible ashtrays and containers.
Keep all flammable solvents and similar flammable liquids in a
metal cabinet away from combustible materials. Identify the con-
tents of all containers.
Splintered or jagged edges or other defects found on office furni-
ture will be immediately repaired or the equipment removed from
service. Projections on bookcases, filing cabinets, and desks
should be guarded or removed. Only safety plate glass will be used
on desks. Dispose of cracked or broken glass desk tops promptly.
Electrical cords and wires will not be stru ng across floors, but
will be installed in conduits flush with the floor, covered by
rubber or metal strips, or suspended from overhead.
(3) Office Area
Rough, splintered, uneven, protruding nails, holes, or other floor
defects will be repaired or the hazard suitably marked. Floors
will be kept clean ancl free of clirt and debris. Non-skid wax
will be used on floors to prevent slipping.
Weather may cause mud, sand or water to be tracked onto floors near
entrances. Storm mats will be placed at these entrances. ancl the
floors periodically mopped. Dual doors will he marked "Entrance"
and "Exit" or "In" and "Out".
All stairways will be equipped with handrails and non-slip treads
and be well lighted. Worn stair treads will he immediately re-
paired.
192
Rugs, mats and other type floor covering will be securely fastened
to the floor.
Getting Started
The way you set up your display, your work table and your chair is
probably the most important consideration in working comfortably.
Although there is no such thing as an "ideal" working posture, the
following suggestions will help minimize fatigue and discomfort.
Adjust Your Chair
A comfortable chair, which allows you to sit in a variety of positions
throughout the day, is important whether you work with a Visual Display
Terminal (VDT) or any other piece of equipment. You can quickly find
the sitting position that suits you best by following these simple
suggestions.
Make sure that you--
Adjust the height of your chair's seat so that your thighs are horizon-
tal, your feet rest flat on the floor, and your arms and hands are
comfortably positioned at the keyboard.
Use a footrest if your chair is too high for you,r feet to rest flat on
the floor when you are seated at the keyboard.
Adjust the back rest so that it supports your lower back and fits the
curvature of your spine.
Change your seated position frequently throughout the work day.
Organize Your Working Area
A few minutes' thought about the best position for your display and the
most effective use of the space available to you can save time and
effort throughout the work day.
Make sure that you--
Organize your desk or work table to accommodate the materials and equip-
ment you need.
Place the things you need regularly (such as a telephone or calculator)
within easy reach.
,
Experiment with the placement of your keyboard, screen, and other items
you work with to find the arrangement that works best for you.
Adjust Your Display
Most displays feature a variety of adjustments which enable you to set
up the equipment in a way which is most convenient for you.
Make sure that you--
193
Position the screen to minimize glare and reflections from overhead
lights, windows, and other light sources.
Adjust the display so that the top of the screen is slightly below eye
level when you're sitting at the keyboard. The top of the screen should
not be above eye level.
Set the contrast or brightness of the screen at a comfortable level.
(You may have to do this more than once a day, as the light in the room
changes)
Where it is impossible to avoid reflections or adjust lighting, an
anti-glare filter placed over the screen can be helpful. However, fil-
ters may affect the clarity of the image on the screen and should be
tried only after other methods of reducing glare have been exhausted.
Most displays are equipped with brightness and contrast controls. Since
the position of these controls varies, check your operator's manual for
location.
Adjust tbe Lighting
In any office it is important to ensure that lighting is adjusted to a
comfortable level. Windows, overhead lighting, and reflections from
shiny surfaces can all create reflections on your VDT's screen.
To avoid distracting reflections and glare mak~ sure that you--
Draw the drapes or adjust the blinds.
Adjust your desk lamp or task light (if you use one) to avoid reflec-
tions on the screen.
Reduce overhead lighting (where possible) by turning off lights or
switching to lower wattage bulbs.
Adjust Your Document Holder
Like many display users, you may find a document holder useful, particu-
larly if you work primarily from source documents. When properly posi-
tioned, a document holder or copy stand can reduce the number of times
you have to move your head when looking back and forth between the
screen and source documents.
If you use a copy stand make sure that you--
Position it at a level that's comfortable for you, close to the screen
and at the same level.
Position your desk lamp (if you use one) so that it illuminates source
documents without causing glare on the screen. ' ,
Vision Care
Concentrated visual activity, whether it involves reading conventional
text or operating a VDT, can be fatiguing. Such fatigue is both normal
and temporary, but it can be minimized with a little care, good work
practices, and attention to your work environment.
194
Since studies show that one out of every three people has some kind of
uncorrected vision problem, make sure that you--
Have your vision checked as part of your regular health care program.
Advise your vision care specialist of the visual tasks you perform.
Eyeglasses suitable for one task may not be appropriate for another.
Clean your screen, anti-glare filter, and eyeglasses (if you wear them)
on a regular basis.
Working Smart
Sitting in a fixed position for long periods of time can be fatiguing.
Shifting your position and occasionally changing your routine (by doing
other kinds of work, taking a stretch break, or focusing your eyes on
something else) can help keep you alert and reduce fatigue.
Make sure that YOUn
Change position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel tired.
Rest your eyes occasionally throughout the work day.
Try to keep a soft touch on the keyboard and keep your hands and fin-
gers relaxed.
Operator's Checklist
Is your chair adjusted so your feet rest firmly on the floor or a foot-
rest?
Is everything you need within easy reach?
Is the top of your visual display screen at a comfortable height?
Are your arms comfortable when you're working at the keyboard?
Is your screen positioned to avoid reflections?
Is the keyboard adjusted comfortably?
Is you r vision corrected properly?
Are you remembering to change position throughout the day?
Have you adjusted screen contrast and brightness to a comfortable level?
Is your screen clean?
195
ISAFETY NOTES I
196
CARPAL TUNNEL
SYNDROME
197
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common and troublesome condition
that interferes with the use of the hand. It is caused when too much
pressure is put on a nerve that runs through your wrist. Once symptoms
of pain and tingling appear, the condition frequently worsens and perma-
nent nerve damage may occur. However, CTS is highly treatable if diag-
nosed early.
The pain, numbness, and tingling of CTS can happen anywhere and any-
time. But most often symptoms begin by waking you up at night. Shaking
or massaging the hand may work temporarily, but if ignored, CTS gets
progressively worse. The pain increases, the grip weakens, and you may
begin dropping things. Fortunately, appropriate treatment is available.
It's always best to prevent CTS. When you notice symptoms, don't wait
for them to become unbearable. The earlier you have a professional
diagnosis and treatment, the more successful the outcome will be.
Treatment usually begins with a splint, medication, or both. If symp-
toms don't subside, your physician may recommend surgery.
The Carpal Tunnel
In CTS, the.symptoms occur because a major nerve is compressed as it
passes through a narrow tunnel of bone and ligament at the wrist. The
result is numbness, tingling, "pins and needles", burning, and pain in
the middle and index finger and thumb, and sometimes in all five fin-
gers.
The Carpal Tunnel
In the center of the wrist, bones and a ligament form a narrow tunnel
containing tendons and a major nerve.
Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Various conditions cause wrist structures to take up extra space in the
carpal tunnel. Since bones and ligament have no "give," this puts pres-
sure on the nerve, resulting in symptoms.
Wear and Tear
The covering around tendons may become thick and sticky due to the
normal wear and tear of the aging process or repetitive hand movements,
thus pressing the nerve against the tunnel.
198
Bone Dislocation and Fracture
Previous dislocation or fracture of the wrist causes bone to protrude
into the tunnel. Arthritis may also be present. Consequently, the tun-
nel becomes too narrow and puts pressure on the nerve.
Fluid Retention
Fluid retention causes swelling of tissue in the carpal tunnel, includ-
ing perhaps the nerve itself. This occurs most often during pregnancy,
with the symptoms subsiding after delivery.
CTS Prevention
Certain repetitive hand activities may put you at higher risk for devel-
oping a variety of wrist problems such as carpal tunnel syndrome. By
learning how to modify the way you use your hands, you may be able to
reduce the risk. Whenever possible, keep the following pointers in mind
at home and on the job.
Keep Your Wrist Neutral
A void using your wrist in a bent (flexed), extended, or twisted posi-
tion for long periods of time. Instead, try to maintain a neutral
(straight) wrist position.
Grip with Your Whole Hand
Gripping, grasping, or lifting with the thumb and index finger can put
stress on your wrist. When practical, use the whole hand and all the
fingers to grasp an object.
Minimize R~petition
Even simple, light tasks may eventually cause injury. If possible,
avoid repetitive movements or holding an object in the same way for
extended periods of time.
Rest Your Hands
Periodically give your hands a break by letting them rest briefly. Or
you may be able to alternate easy and hard tasks, switch hands, or
rotate work activities.
Reduce Speed and Force
Reducing the speed with which you do a forceful, repetitive movement
gives your wrist time to recover from the effort. Using power tools
helps reduce the force.
Conditioning Exercises
Certain exercises strengthen the hand and arm muscles. They may help by
reducing the need to compensate for these weak muscles with a poor
wrist position.
199
Early Diagnosis
Accurate diagnosis is important because treatment for this condition is
specific for CTS. The sooner you have a professional evaluation, the
sooner your symptoms can be relieved, and the more likely it is that
permanent nerve or muscle damage will be prevented. For your evalua-
tion, your doctor will take a medical history followed by a physical
exam; you may also require certain tests.
Medical History
Your doctor will ask you to describe your symptoms, which may feel like
tingling, numbness, pins and needles, pain, or a heaviness in the hands
and fingers. Your doctor will need to know if symptoms are mild and
intermittent or severe and frequent, and whether they bother you only
at night, or during the day, or both.
Physical Examination
The physical exam helps confirm that symptoms are related to a nerve
problem, and then to localize the nerve problem to the wrist. Your
doctor will examine your wrist for swelling and signs of previous inju-
ry. You may be tested for decreased sensitivity to touch or to pin
pricks.
Tests
After the history and exam, your doctor may order additional tests to
confirm and document the diagnosis of CTS if surgery is being consid-
ered. These include standard wrist or carpal tunnel x-rays; a nerve
conduction test and an electromyogram are an objective means of making
a definitive diagnosis.
Treatment
MEDICAL
Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome usually begins with a wrist splint,
medications, or a combination of the two. These simple, nonsurgical
treatments help at least temporarily in many cases, especially if symp-
toms are mild. Splints and medications may also function as an interim
treatment--they provide some measure of relief if you are going to have
su rgery.
Splint., .
Flexing the wrist downward or extending it up worsens CTS symptoms
because this narrows the tunnel and puts more pressure on the nerve.
Both night splints and occupational splint., are designed to keep
the wrist in a less extreme, or "neutral", position. This may reduce
the pressure in the tunnel and relieve or prevent worsening of symptoms.
Medications
Medications are used to reduce swelling and inflammation, and therefore
ease pressure on the median nerve. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs are taken orally as directed by your doctor. Or a steroid drug
may be injected directly into the carpal tunnel. A single injection may
200
bring relief for months, or it may need to be repeated. (If the injec-
tions provide relief, this generally conflrms a diagnosis of CTS.) In
some cases, diuretics (water pills) or pyridoxine (vitamin 8-6) may
help.
SURGICAL
Surgery may be recommended if you have severe pain, if you have other
symptoms that persist in spite of nonsurgical treatment, or if you are
at risk of developing permanent nerve damage. Your doctor will explain
the procedure, its risks and complications, and give you pre-op and
post-op instructions, which may include rehabilitation exercises to
restore hand function.
The Procedure
The surgical procedure is called carpal tunnel release. It takes 45
minutes to one hour, and is usually done as same day surgery. While a
tourniquet is on your arm, the transverse ligament is divided to open
up the carpal tunnel and relieve the pressure on the nerve; thickened
synovial tissue may also be removed.
201
FIRE SAFETY
Deaths, injuries, and property damage are caused by fires every year.
On-the-job fires are often the result of using poor judgment or not
following fire safety rules.
Causes of Fires
Flammable Liquids
Gasoline and solvent.., are extremely dangerous. If you must use them:
Store them only in approved safety cans or storage cabinets. Be sure
they are labeled.
Keep them in areas that are well ventilated.
Store them away from heat or sparks.
Clean up spills right away.
Never smoke or light a match when you're near flammable liquids or
handling them.
Oily rags must be stored in a covered metal container with a self-clos-
ing cover. .
Spontaneous ignition happens when heat builds up in piles of trash,
damp waste or oily rags.
Arson .
Some fires are started deliberately. If you see someone or something
suspicious, report it to your supervisor.
Smoking
Careless smoking can cause fires. Smoke only in areas where smoking is
allowed.
Use butt cans and ashtrays for cigarettes and matches.
Prevention
Flammable Materials
Use approved storage containers that are properly grounded to prevent
static electricity.
Move flammables carefully, and only in approved container~.
Keep your work area free of drips and spills.
Follow the rules for disposing of containers and wastes.
202
Check Equipment
Equipment and machinery should be thoroughly inspected at regular inter-
vals
Check fire-fighting equipment regularly to make sure it will work if
you need it.
Keep your \vork area neat and uncluttered, free of flammable and ignit-
able materials.
Be careful how you handle and store combustible materials.
Deposit oily rags in safety cans.
Smoke only in designated areas.
Stay out of prohibited areas.
Identify and Eliminate Fire Hazards
You're responsible for reporting unsafe conditions. Watch for and re-
port these hazards:
Spills of flammable liquids
Overloaded circuits
Faulty connections
Frayed, exposed wires
Poor ventilation
Dirty topls, equipment and machinery
Messy trash areas
Oily rags that are not covered
Clogged flues and pipes
Broken fire-fighting equipment
No ashtrays in designated smoking areas
Take action yourself.
Clean equipment, tools and machinery.
Repair any equipment you're qualified to fix.
Prevent machinery from overheating.
Keep items that are flammable or combustible away from flames and hot
surfaces.
Repair or replace leaking tanks, pipes and gas lines.
Put oily rags in covered containers.
Wipe up spills.
203
-
Remove doorstops or wedges used under fire doors. Report broken fire
doors or exits that are blocked or locked.
Don't let materials pile in corridors, stairwells and exit lanes.
Don't use portable space heaters indoors.
Keep nammable materials away from incompatibles, such as acids. Don't
store nammable, gases near oxygen tanks.
204
Use the evacuation plan for your work <lre:l.
Bend for the designated fire exit.
Use a secondary exit if the first is hlocked.
Close doors hehind you [IS you go.
Fire Equipment
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers 3re your first line of defense in C(lse of a fire.
Know the loc<1tion of the closest fire extinguisher.
Don't try to use a fire extinguisher unless you've been trained.
Learn which fire extinguisher to use on wh:!t kind of fire.
Most fire extinguishers arc rated for more t h"ll one kind of fire.
Other Fire Equipment
Find out where other emergency equipment is located, such as:
First aid kit
Stretcher
Fire blanket
Respiratory protection
IN CASE OF
FIRE
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205
Reprinted from Safety Compliance Letter with permission from Bureau of Businesss Practice
Fire Safety Checklist
Is your work area neat and uncluttered, free of trash?
Is wiring safely insulated and grounded?
Are flammable liquids stored safely in approved containers?
Do you keep combustibles away from heat and sparks?
Do you wipe up spills promptly?
Do you keep tools, equipment and machinery clean and in good repair?
Do you smoke only in designated areas, and always use ashtrays?
Are the right extinguishers available?
Are exits and passageways clear and unobstructed?
Do you know the right evacuation procedure and the closest exit?
Remember
It's your responsibility to keep yourself, your coworkers and your work
area safe from fire. Your job and your life may depend on it!
206
Good Housekeeping is the Key to Fire Safety
Make it a part of your work routine to clean up as you go.
Put trash in the proper container.
Keep the floor clear of spills, trash, shavings, and filings.
Keep storage areas clean, with bins stacked in an orderly way.
Keep walkways and exits free of obstructions.
Make sure electric equipment is inspected and protected.
Keep your tools and equipment clean and well-cared for.
Ensure your clothing and personal protective equipment is clean and in
good shape.
Fire extinguishers should be located nearby and ready to use.
In Case of Fire
Report It! -- Call 911
If you detect smoke or a fire:
Wam your coworkers.
Close any fire doors.
Report the fire immediately, no matter what size it is. The longer
you wait, the more dangerous the fire can be to you and your coworkers.
Stay calm, and evacuate the area or building. Go to your predesignated
evacuation location. Wait for orders from your supervisor or the fire
fighters.
When fire fighters arrive, direct them to the fire area. Warn them of
any special hazards you know about.
Familiarize yourself with the fire emergency procedures for your facili-
ty before a fire.
Fight It!
If a fire is small, you may try to fight it after you report it. To
fight a small fire: " .
207
Use the right fire extinguisher.
Break the seal and remove the pin from the fire extinguisher.
Stay 8 to 10 feet from the fire.
Press the levcr and aim the fire extinguisher nozzle or horn at the
base of the flames. Sweep the base of the fire.
Continue with a steady stream, not short bursts.
Don't try to use a fire extinguisher unless you've been trained in
which one to use and how to use it.
Exit the Area
If the fire is large and out of control, escape may be your best choice.
Move quickly, but don't panic.
Don/t use elevators. You could get trapped inside if the power fails.
Take the stairs instead.
Use the evacuation plan for your work area.
Head for the designated fire exit.
Use a secondary exit if the first is blocked.
Close doors behind you as you go.
Fire Equipment
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are your first line of defense in case of a fire.
Know the location of the closest fire extinguisher.
Don/t try to use a fire extinguisher unless you've been trained.
Learn which fire extinguisher to use on what kind of fire.
Most fire extinguishers are ratcd for more than one kind of fire.
208
Classes of Fires and
Type Fire Extinguishers to be Used
Fires are grouped into four general classes, each of which can be extin-
guished by a particular type fire extinguisher. Fire extinguishing
agents are developed for use on specific classes of fires. This classi-
fication system makes it possible to determine what type fire extin-
guisher is suited for fighting a particular kind or class of fire. The
four general classes of fires are "A", "B", "C", and "0", and are ex-
plained as follows:
CLASS "A" FIRES will be effectively and safely extinguished by
water, foam, loaded stream and soda-acid type fire extinguishers,
for fires occurring in WOOD, PAPER AND RAGS.
CLASS "B" FIRES occurring in FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, such as
GASOLINE and OTHER FUELS, SOLVENTS, GREASES OR
SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, can be extinguished by using foam,
Carbon dioxide (C02) and dry chemical, and loaded stream
type extinguishers.
CLASS "c" FIRES occurring in ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT requires
the use of a fire extinguisher agent that does not conduct elec-
tricity back to the operator when in use. The Carbon Dioxide
(C02) and dry chemical type fire extinguisher agents DO NOT
CONDUCT ELECTRICITY AND WILL BE USED FOR
EXTINGUISHING ELECTRICAL FIRES. NEVER USE water,
foam or loaded stream type extinguishers on electrical fires.
CLASS "0" FIRES occur in COMBUSTIBLE METALS, such as
magneswm, potassium, powdered aluminum, zinc, sodium, titanium,
zirconium, and lithium. This fire is extinguished by special
powdered compounds usually thrown by hand or dispensed by car-
tridge-type fire extinguishers with a specially compounded agent
for com bustible metal fires. It is not likely you will be re-
quired to fight this type fire in County work.
THE ABC DRY CHEMICAL-TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHER can be
used on all "A", "B", "c" classes of fires with safety. This
fire extinguisher is widely distributed in County buildings,
facilities, and areas for use. More detailed instruction and
training in use and operation of fire extinguishers will be pro-
vided to employees on a scheduled basis.
209
ELEC'fRICAL SAFETY
The power of electricity can be dangerous if it's not used correctly.
Electrical energy can damage property and ignite fires. It can also
hurt and even kill.
Sound safety practices can help minimize electrical hazards and cut
down on the risk of accidents. The hazard of electrical energy can't be
eliminated, but it can be controlled through education and engineering.
Electricity Is Dangerous!
You can get an electric shock if you touch a grounded surface and haz-
ardous electrical equipment at the same time. The shock happens when
current from the electrical equipment flows through your body to the
ground.
What causes the shock is the flow of electric current. Just a small
amount can hurt or kill. For instance, a small night-light with a 6-
watt bulb draws .05 ampere, and even that small amount of current can
be fatal.
Electric current can injure you when it flows through your body. Elec-
tric shock can cause:
Breathing to stop
Paralyze nerve centers
Nerves and muscle tissues to be burned
Heart beat interruption
Internal bleeding
Other Electrical Injuries
Burns caused by electrical flashes or fires.
Injuries when machinery starts suddenly.
Falls from losing your balance when you get shocked.
Protecting Yourself
Only trained, qualified and authorized employees are permitted to work
on electrical equipment.
An electrician should check equipment, tools, machines and lights to
make sure they operate according to electrical code requirements.
Extension cords and appliance cords should be in good repair and proper-
ly rated for the way they're intended to be used.
Always use 3-prong receptacles for 3-prong plugs.
210
Protect circuits with Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters where required.
Close electrical control panels and covering receptacle boxes.
Avoid touching water, damp surfaces, ungrounded metal and bare wires if
you're not protected.
Avoid working in and around wet or damp conditions, equipment and elec-
trical currents that aren't grounded, and wires that aren't insulated.
Always use equipment and tools the way they're intended to be used.
Report immediately any damaged or defective equipment, power hand tools
or machinery.
Look for posted signs that identify electrical components and related
hazards.
Protective Equipment/Procedures
Don't wear metal jewelry that might make contact with electric current.
Wear eye protection where required.
Wear rubber-soled shoes or boots on damp or wet surfaces.
Wear safety-approved rubber and leather gloves when you work with elec-
tricity.
Prevent Electrical Fires!
Installation
Install electrical equipment the right way.
Inspect
Check equipment periodically to make sure it's working right and not
overloaded.
Maintenance
Machines and equipment you work with should be maintained on a sched-
uled basis. Keep them clean and free from oil, dust and residue.
Communication
Report immediately any hazards, damaged and defective equipment, tools
or machinery.
Electrical Safety Checklist
Read warning signs. They're posted to inform and protect you.
Study the operation manual for tools and equipment before you use them,
then follow instructions.
211
Light your work safely with extension lamps that have nonconductive
handles, sockets and guards.
Take care of extension cords so they don't twist or break. Make sure
they're out of the way, so they won't get walked on.
Disconnect cords by grasping the plug. Don't yank them out.
Watch for makeshift wiring that can cause shocks and fires.
Follow lockout and tagout procedures before you begin repairs. Move the
switch into the "Off" position. Test equipment with meters. Are you
sure the circuit is dead?
Use Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters.
Choose battery-powered tools wherever possible, especially when you're
working outside.
Report immediately any defective or damaged equipment, machinery, tools
or wiring to your supervisor.
Identify Hazards
Wiring
Connections and ground wires should be tight and free from breaks.
Insulation
There shoul9 be no worn spots or breaks that could cause shocks. Cords
and extension cords should be in good shape?
Bcll<i and Gears
Look for excess tension or binding that can cause a power overload.
Personal Protective Equipment .
Hand and foot protectors should be kept in good repair and readily
available.
Machinery
Look for overloading, too much vibration or motor obstructions.
Equipment
Make sure equipment and power hand tools work properly and are free of
defects or damage.
Electrical Safety Tips
Make sure all electrical equipment is grounded.
Use Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters.
212
Use battery-powered tools wherever possible, especially when working
outside.
Examine all tools and personal protective equipment before you use them.
Follow lockout and tagout procedures.
Use machinery and tools the way they're designed to be used.
Report unsafe machinery, tools and electric appliances. Don't use them
until they've been repaired.
Final Reminder
Electrical current can cause damage and injury and can be deadly. It's
your job to stay safe when working with electricity!
GENERAL ELECTRICAL SAFETY RULES
(I) Electrical Wires and Extension Cords
Treat all electric wires as -- live wires.
Do not drag cords over sharp edges or run cables across aisles
where hand trucks can damage them.
Keep electric cables away from steam and hot water lines which
can damage the insulation.
Keep cords clean. Never allow an extension cord to lay in water,
oil, grease or solvents. Wipe cords clean before using.
Excessive scraping, kinking and stretching will cause damage to
power cables causing premature failures and possible shock or
burns.
(2) Electrical Equipment
Grounds provided on electrical apparatus shall not be disconnect-
ed or broken.
Shock, no matter how slight, is a warning something is wrong.
Danger tag the equipment and have it checked before re-using.
(3) Electrical Repairs
Ensure the current is off before attempting to make electrical
repairs and lock it out.
Exercise care in removing or replacing light or power 'fuses --
use fuse pullers.
Live wire work is defined as work on wires, switches, starters,
panels or other electrical equipment while the potential of 25
volts or more of electricity is present.
No live wire work will be performed.
213
Unless you are an electrician, do not attempt repairs on electri-
cal equipment. Call the experts.
All electrical installations will be installed and maintained in
accordance with provisions of the National Electrical Code,
NFPA.
Persons working around electrical circuits will not wear watches,
rings, or other metallic objects which could act as conductors of
electricity.
Personnel will treat low voltage systems with the same respect as
high voltage circuits. Severe shock resulting in death can be
caused by contact with lines carrying low voltages.
Care will be taken to avoid contacting low voltage lines when
working on poles, ladders or in other high places; the shock may
be sufficient to cause the workers to lose footing and fall.
The first rule to remember when required to perform maintenance
or repairs on electrical equipment is: Turn the current off/Lock
it out.
When it is necessary to wear safety gloves, only those designed
for electrical work will be used. Gloves will be inspected for
cuts, punctures or signs of wear. Never use safety gloves with
voltages higher than the gloves' insulation rating.
To avoid cutting or tearing rubber electrical gloves, personnel
will wear the leather liner over their safety gloves when actual-
ly working on high-voltage equipment.
All rubber goods used in electrical work will be given an annual
voltage test except that rubber gloves in active use will be
tested every 3 months.
Report to your Supervisor any leaking steam or water joints which
are near any motors or other electrical apparatus.
If you find sparking or smoking motors or other electrical equip-
ment malfunctions, turn off the power and report the condition at
once.
Only qualified and authorized electricians will install and main-
tain electrical facilities and power lines. Two qualified employ-
ees will work together when high voltage circuits or energized
circuits of any voltage are involved. '
214
215
VEHICLE SAFETY
Seatbelt Use is Mandatory
Safety bell'i improve your chances of traveling safely in many ways.
They can:
Stop the "'Human Collision'"
Many injuries and deaths occur when a person inside the car collides
with:
The steering wheel.
The dashboard.
The windshield and frame.
A door.
A window.
The roof.
Other passengers.
A safety belt stops this "human collision" by holding you in place.
Safety belts keep you behind the wheel--ready to react, if necessary.
Prevent Minor Injuries
How To Use Safety Belts Properly
A safety belt can only protect you if it's used--and used properly.
Adjust The 'Belt
(if necessary) so it fits snugly over the hip bones. Your hips can
absorb maximum force when the belt is adjusted properly. Make sure
there is a maximum of one inch of space between your chest and the
shoulder harness. Excess space will allow your head to hit the wheel,
dash or windshield.
Provide Enough Belts
for each member of your family and regular riders. (Each person needs a
separate one.) Make sure belts are in proper working condition.
Ask Passengers
in the front and rear seats to use their belts. Any unbelted person can
be injured--or injure others--in a crash.
Don't Start The Car
until all belts are fastened. Any extra belts should be secured so they
won't cause injury in a crash.
GENERAL VEHICLE SAFETY RULES
(1 ) General
ON A NATIONAL LEVEL, DEATHS FROM MOTOR VEHICLE
ACCIDENTS TOTAL ABOUT 48,000 ANNUALL Y. County
216
Woman decapitated
by safety harness
ATI.ANfA (AP) - A woman who
failed to buckle her lap belt was
decapitated by a shoulder har-
ness in a traffic accident, a pre-
liminary investigation shows.
The probe by Calspan, a re-
search company contracted by
the federal government, con-
cluded that the shoulder har-
ness on a 1988 Ford Escort cut
through the neck of 25-year-old
Sun Young Ham in the June 1
accident.
Mrs. Ham's death has raJsed
concerns about safety belt sys-
. terns in millions of cars that
combine a motorized shoulder
belt and manually operated lap
belt. . .
Consumer advocates contend
that many motorists are lulled
into a false sense of security and
fail to buckle lap belts in cars
with motorized shoulder har-
nesses.
Federal and county investiga-
tors have said they believe Mrs..
Ham's chances of survival would
have been greatly improved by
wearing a lap belt. .
Militarv scrubs soldiers,
(Key West Citizen, 6/19/91)
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BillY D. BOOZER
SEZ
DON'T DRINK AND DRIVE 217
employees operate vehicles of all types on rural roads, on state
and national highways and on city streets. No matter what type
of vehicle you're driving, or where you are driving it,
THERE ARE CERTAIN BASIC SAFE DRIVING PRACTICES
YOU MUST FOLLOW TO AVOID ACCIDENTS.
As the driver of any County vehicle you are solely responsible
for operating it in a safe manner and are charged with complying
with all driving rules and regulations and the safe driving prac-
tices prescribed by your Supervisor.
Only trained and approved personnel possessing a valid State of
Florida driver's license will be allowed to operate County vehi-
cles. An employee having driving as his primary duty shall be
required to have a Commercial Driver's license.
The wearing of Safety Belts while driving a County vehicle IS
MANDATORY.
At no time is a County vehicle to carry riders or passengers
other than County employees or other authorized personnel.
Except in cases of emergencies, no more than two employees shall
ride in a truck or tractor cab.
If a County vehicle is involved in an accident, immediately noti-
fy your Supervisor and the appropriate law enforcement agency.
In case of a serious accident involving personal injury, call an
ambulance.
Do not discuss the accident with anyone but the police, your
Supervisor or County investigative personnel. Do not move the
accident vehicle or equipment until so instructed by the police.
(2) Safe Drivin~ Practices
CONCENTRATE ON DRIVING. A good driver dismisses his
worries or anger when he enters the vehicle.
Never take drugs or strong medications before driving. Drugs,
illness or fatigue may affect your ability to judge distances,
speed and driving conditions and slow your reaction time.
NEVER PRESS FOR THE RIGHT OF WAY.
Always limit your vehicle speed so that thcre is a clear space
and timc for an emergency stop. High speed drivers have less
time to think and act in an emergency and a far great'er. distance
is required to stop.
SLOW DOWN in dense traffic or thickly settled areas.
Adjust speed for poor visibility and weather conditions.
SLOW DOWN at intersections or curves. USE APPROPRIATE
218
(3)
SIGNALS well in advancc of any action. Signal carly and
slow down gradually.
Vehicle Inspection by Operators
All vehicles shall be inspected by the operator prior to its use
to assure all parts, cquipment and acccssorics are in safe and
propcr operating condition and free of any apparent damagc or
dcfcct that, in the opinion of the operator of a duly appointcd
individual making the inspection, may calise failure whilc in use.
Daily -- Systcms Chcck
a. Scrvice brakes, including trailer brake connections,if neces-
sary. Test brakes after riding through watcr or puddles or
driving during heavy rain.
b. Parking System (hand brake).
c. Emergency stopping system (brakes).
d. Check coupling deviccs.
e. Seat belts.
f. Operating controls (oil pressure gauges, etc.)
g. Safety devices including horn, tires, steering mechanism,
and windshield wipers.
Daily -- Visual Inspection
a. Docs your vehicle sit level?
b. Are there any fresh oil or fuel spots underneath?
c. Is there any broken glass?
d. Are there wet spots where water has been leaking?
e. Look for any change in the appearance in the vehicle since
you last saw it.
Weekly -- Pre-start check
a. Check oil in engine crankcase and fill as necessary.
b. Check water in radiator and battery and fill as necessary.
c. Raise hood or cab if necessary to check all belts for slip-
page and/or excessive wear.
d. Lower and secure hood or cab.
General Check
a. These requirements apply to equipment such as lights, reflec-
tors, defrosters, fire extinguishers, tire jack, etc., where
such equipment is installed.
b. Drivers will also wipc off windshields, side and back glass,
lights and reflectors when conditions warrant.
c. No vehi~le or equipmcnt shall be put into serviccs until any
dcfect or safety violation likcly to causc an accident or
brcakdown has been corrected.
(4) Parking
Vchicles should be parkcd off the traveled way whcre they will
not interferc with the normal flow of traffic and will not ob-
struct thc vicw of other drivcrs.
When parking, remove the ignition key, put the transmission in
park or the lowest gear and firmly set the parking brake. Turn
219
thc front wheels to\V:nc1 thc curn,or chock at lcast onc rcal" wheel
if p:1rked 011 a hill.
(5) Drive DefensivcJy
Whilc driving in city traffic, be alert for mistakes or uncxpect-
ed :1ctiolls of others, drive morc slowly and KEEP ALERT for
pedcstriflns and cross tnffic.
Drive :1t a specd which pcrmits stopping within the visibility range of
your hCcHl1ights. Kcep headlight beams dcpresscd to rcduce rcnectcd
gl<HC caused by fog, rain or wct prtvemenL
220
POISONOUS SNAKES. SCORPIONS. AND SPIDERS
GENERAL
Most snake bites are due to handling and carelessness. Use common sense
and think when working in the field and undef brush. Use a machete or
transit rod to push through underbrush. 98% of all bites are on extremi-
ties, such as hands, arms, legs and ankles. Use extreme care when you
go into heavy brush where the ground is not visible. When in such plac-
es, wear heavy boots or leggings, the same for being around mafsh ponds,
water lilies and tall grass. Never removes shoes in the woods. 50% of
bites received are when barefooted or when in tennis shoes.
PRECAUTIONS
Always wear pants outside boots, never inside and try to wear heavy
material such as Levi's or dungarees, as heavy material has been known
to deflect the aim of striking fangs.
Never place your hands into heavy underbrush or wood piles without care-
fully looking first.
When sitting, always look down and behind you first. A snake bite on
the rear is the most dangerous, due to the inability to apply a tourni-
quet.
Never step over a log or tree lying on the ground, but step on the log
or tree and view the other side first. Never wade across a stream full
of hyacinths without probing ahead.
Nevef attempt to catch poisonous snakes or reptiles, as many workers in
Florida do. Leave snake catching to Herpetologists and experts.
Around the home, clean up trash piles, weedy lots, wood and concfete
piles, cut down palmettos.
On construction jobs or clearing activities, check your equipment, cloth-
ing and materials left on the ground or in trucks, poke with a stick or
tool to be SUfe no snakes are hiding. Always be careful when first
going to your tractor and parked equipment left beside roadsides. Rat-
tlesnakes like to coil under and around tractors and mowing machines
since they like the heat and warmth of the engine left from the night
before.
When staking Of surveying in the field, always avoid gopher, holes, use
your boot heel to cave in the front of the hole.
221
SNAKES TO BEWARE OF
There are hundreds of harmless and bcneficial snakes in the woods of
Florida that kccp down our rodent population. Only four are poisonous:
Rattlesnakes, (3 sub-species). Pygmy ground and Eastern Diamondback
are found throughout thc statc. The Canebrake Rattler is found in
northwcst Florida. Cottonmouth - statewide. Coppcrhcad - northern
Florida (rare), and the Coral Snakc - found statewide.
Copperhead and Pygmy Rattlers are not usually fatal,however, use extrcme
care, and go on the assumption that they are fatal. Only the Eastern
Diamondback, Cottonmouth, Canebrake Rattlesnakes are extremely
dangerous and are fatal. The Coral Snake which is the only neurotoxic
reptile, is the most fatal of all the poisonous snakes. No insect or
lizard is fatal around Floricla, so get to know the four poisonous snakes
by identity. Poisonous snakes mostly travel early in the morning and
late evenings. Each harmless snake killed lcaves room for another poi-
sonous snake. Do not kill harmlcss snakes.
222
EASTERN DIAMONDBACK RATTLESNAKE BITE
This is the largest and the most dangerous in the U.S. Severe bites
cause many complications and prolonged illness. Whether a direct bite,
puncture, or slight scratch, the employee should to to the hospital for
routine observation and treatment, if necessary. Always kill the snake
and take it to the hospital if possible.
For treatment when bitten, immediately tie a constricting band above the
bite, lightly, 15 minutes on and 5 minutes off. Move the constrictor as
the swelling increases.
Keep movement at a minimum. If co-worker is bitten, apply first-aid,
call for help in obtaining transportation to the hospital. Bring the
transportation to the victim if at all possible, to minimize movement.
PYGMY RATTLESNAKE BITE
This snake's bite is rarely fat~l to man. The bite is painful and will
destroy surface tissues.
Treatment is almost the same as with the Eastern Diamondback, using
constrictor, small surface cut, suction and ice. Pack in ice as soon as
possible. Use your chemical ice pack. Alway~ kill the snake, if possi-
ble, and take to the hospital, as often times the Pygmy is mistaken fOf
a small Eastern Diamondback.
FLORIDA COTTONMOUTH AND FLORIDA COPPERHEAD BITES
Do not use constricting band (tourniquet). Apply suction for 30 minutes
and cut the surface tissue only the same as the rattlesnake family.
Physicians caution against capillary destruction, so keep circulation
moving through the bitten area, due to fatty acids, high iodine content
and enzyme action. Get victim to a hospital as quickly as possible.
EASTERN CORAL SNAKE BITE
Immediately IMMOBILIZE the victim completely. If not possible to immo-
bilize the victim, then completely splint the bitten area well above and
below the bite, and rush to a hospital. Kill the snake if possible, and
take it to the hospital, as often times the Scarlet Kingsnake and
Scarlet Snake are mistaken for the neurotoxic Coral. Both of these
have rcd noscs where the Coral Snake has a black nose; also, only are
the Coral Snake has fed bands adjacent to yellow.
223
TREATMENT INFORMATION
Treatment with Wyeth Coral Snake antivenom, which is distributed by
either State Health Department Poison Centers or Ross Allen's Reptile
Institute free of charge and at all hospitals upon request. The Florida
Highway Patrol will relay across State in the event of a bite.
Even the slightest scratch or break of the skin should be hospitalized,
since if the patient feels no pain with a Coral snake bite, he may think
he had not been bitten seriously. Coral snake venom is not painful as
is the Rattlesnake and the Cottonmouth venom, and the effects are not
noticed until numbness and a coma suddenly hit approximately two hours
later.
Cleanse the area with germicidal soap and water to remove any venom on
the skin. Place constrictor above the bite in the same manner as a
Rattlesnake bite, lightly for 15 minutes on and 5 minutes off, and suc-
tion for 30 minutes, even though there is no evidence of venom if there
is a fang puncture. This general information applies only to treatment
given by the physician at the hospital. Your responsibility L'i to
provide first aid and get the victim to the hospital without delay.
FIELD FIRST AID FOR SNAKEBITES
Very few people die from snakebites. However, anyone who is bitten by a
snake should get medical help quickly. If EMS is more than 30 minutes
away, transport the victim to medical care in another vehicle if possi-
ble.
BITES AND STINGS
Reassure the victim and keep him or her still until EMS arrives.
Keeping stilt will slow down absorption of the snake venom, as will
keeping the bitten area below the level of the heart. If the bite is on
an arm or leg, splint. Be alert to prevent shock.
Try to remember what the snake looked like, so you can tell EMS.
COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT BITES
1. Q. Is it a good idea to put a cold pack on a snakebite?
A. No. Medical experts in thc past suggestcd that cooling the
bitten area would slow the spread of venom. More recently,
however, it has been found out that venom is not affected by
cold. In addition, applying ice improperly can freeze the
tissue.
224
2. Q. Should a person bitten by a snake be given aspirin to relieve
pain?
A. No. Do not give aspirin, since it widens (dilates) the blood
vessels, which will circulate venom in the body faster.
GENERAL SAFETY RULES -- POISONOUS SNAKES AND BITES
(1) General
Most snake bites result from handling than other careless actions.
Approximately 45,000 snake bite accidents occur each year in the
United States. Venomous, or poisonous snakebites account for 20%
of that total. Although mortality is low, the high incidence of
crippling injuries to the bitten extremity (mostly by pit-vipers --
rattlesnakes, water moccasins, and copperheads) is of great con-
cern. More than half the cases of venomous snake bites take place
in Texas, North Carolina, Florida, Georgia and Louisiana.
(2) Snake Bites
Snake bites cause many complications and prolonged illness. The
most important step is to get the snake bite victim to the hospital
as soon as possible. If possible kill the snake and take it with
you to the hospital.
Keep the victim from moving around. Keep the victim as calm as
possible preferably in a lying position and prepare for immediate
transportation to the hospital. Do not give the victim any alco-
hol, sedatives, aspirin, or any medicine containing aspirin. CARRY
THE VICTIM TO THE HOSPITAL. DO NOT LET THE
VICTIM WALK.
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225
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SCOR PIONS
Scorpions occur throughout Florida and should be easily recognized by
thcir large pinccrs near the head and by their tin tail carried ovcr the
back. They range in size from I to .) inches, depending on the species,
with colors ranging from yellowish-brown to black. The arched tail ends
in a bulb-like poison gland equipped with a stinger. And that's what
can hurt you. Forget those pinccrs. They me used only for holding
food, which might be smnll insects, spiders, centipedes, other scorpions
or earthworms. Scorpions hidc undcr stones, bark of fallen trecs,
boards, firewood or othcr objects that lay on the ground.
Although individual reactions to the stings InilY vary, it is important to
seek mcdical assistancc immediatcly if a person, particulnrly a child,
has a severc rC<lction to a scorpion sting. Ice pncks or alcohol swabs
applied to thc sting area :HC normally the suggested first-aid trcat-
ments.
Chemical control for scorpions is not p:1rticularly effectivc. If you
encounter onc outdoors, hit it with :1 rock. I r you sec one indoors, step
on it, but for God's sake, be surc you're wC:lring shocs!
A Florida Scorpion
227
SPIDERS
The BL^CK WIDOW SPIDER is found outdoors in all kinds of protected c:wi-
ties. ^round homes she prefers gar<1ges, g:lS :lnd elcctric meter boxes,
furniture :lnd m:lny other unbothercd pl:lces. ^ IJI:lck Widow bite feels
Iikc a pin prick :lnd sometimcs is not cvcn felt. Usually, a slight
local swelling nnd two red dots surrounded by local rcdncss indic:ltc thc
location of the bitc. Pnin bccomes intcnse in I to 3 hours and I11:lY
continuc up to 4R hours. Symptoms include abdol11innl pnins, a rise in
blood pressure. nauc;ca, profusc perspirntion, Icg cramps, tremors, loss
of musclc tone and vomiting. Thc toxin also causes brcnthing difficul-
tics nnd sometimcs unconsciousness.
Widow Spider (underside view)
228
The BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER is n nOI1:lggressive crertture thrtt spins a white
or grrtyish, nondescript web. Its body <1nd legs COVCl" an ,Hert about the
size of a qu,lrter and its colnr v,lrics from an orrtngc-ycllow to drtrk
brown to nlmost bl:1ck. The most distinguishing chrtrncteristics of this
spider nre ifs eyes rtnd its bnck markings. It hns three p:1irs of eyes
arrnnged in a semicircle on the forepart of the hend. The eyes nlso
form the hrtse of a violin-shrtped m<1rking on its bnck. The Brown Recluse
often lives rtrollnd humnn dwellings and is found in bathrooms, bedrooms,
closets, ns well ns under furniture, behind h<1sebonrds and door facings
or in corners <1rHl crevices. It also seems to prefer cluttered g<1ragcs. .
Sometimes people are bitten while <1sleep; others mrty be bittcn by spi-
ders in stored clothing. Usunlly the bite C<llIses n stinging scnsntion
and then intense pnin. Within 24 to 36 hours, n systemic re:lction Illay
occur, chrtrnct.erized by restlessness, fever, chills, nrtuse<1, weaknes,c;
and joint pain. The bite <1lso produces rt smrtll blister sUl'rounded by <l
huge congested <lnd swollen are<1. The venolll usually kills the <1ffected
tissue, which gnldlwlly sloughs aW<1Y Clnd exposes underlying tissue.
'Ic<lling m<1Y t<1ke () to R weeks, leaving scars thrtt might require plnstic
sUl'gery to rep<1ir.
Brown Recluse Spider (note violin
marking at head)
(VWR)
If you Clre bitten by either of these spiders, seck medical aid immedinte-
ly.
229
POISONOUS PLANTS
GENERAL
There are more than 60 varieties of poisonous plants in the United
States which may cause irritation to the skin. Plants that cause
epidermal irritations such as redness, rashes, swelling and localized
pain, normally have saps that are toxic when they are rubbed on the skin
of sensitive people.
Poisonous plants in our area are:
Crown of Thorns
Candelabra Cactus
Pencil Cactus
Poinsettia
Mango
Poisonwood
Aralia
Lime Trees
Oyster Plant
Purple Queen
Century Plant
Elephant's Ear
Giant Elephant's Ear
Golden Pathos
Florida Holly
Manchineel
Poison IN)'
Plants which are toxic when eaten are:
Yellow Allamanda
Castor Bean
Dumbcane
Rubber Vine
Angels Trumpet
Sandbox Tree
Oleander (Smoke from
burning this plant is
poisonous)
Physic Nut
Bellyache Bush
Coral Plant
Chinaberry
Ochrosia Plum
Chalice Vine
Yellow Oleander
Manchinecl
Lantana
230
Plants that cause respiratory problems, which are similar to asthma
symptoms, include:
Florida Holly
Punk Tree (Mclaluca)
The above is not a complete list. Some individuals may suffer no ad-
verse effects from contact with plants on this list.
PRECAUTIONS
It is not necessary to come in direct contact with these plants to get
poisoning. Pets may spread plant poisoning by rubbing against the plant
and getting the substance on their hair. You may get the poison from
touching the animal. It may also be transmittcd from person to person
by contact with clothing that has rubbed across the plants. Shoes pick
up the poison by contact and may retain the poison for a year or longer.
In some cases, persons have contracted dermatitis from working on a
car ~hich had been driven through areas where poisonous plants were
growing.
The best way to prevent plant poisoning is to learn to recognize the
plants that cause it and stay away from them. The poison is rapidly
absorbed and fixed in the skin so that it cannot be removed. When a
person knows he has brushed against or burned one of these poisonous
plants, it is recommended that he immediately wash the affected area
with soap and water. Do not use a brush or other rough material.
A commercially available product "TECNU" is very effective even if
used eight hours after contact.
Follow the wash with an alcohol sponging. This procedure may prevent
skin inflammation in those who are sensitive to ivy poisoning.
231
Whcn you know you arc going into an arca whcrc you arc likcly to come in
contact with thcsc plants, as much of the hody as possible should hc
covcred. Long slecves tucked into heavy lcathcr gauntlct gloves, slacks
or trouscrs tuckcd in boots or leggings, shirt colini' turncd up or scarf
tied around thc neck. Do not touch the gloves or clothing, since thc
irritating oils havc been known to remain on clothing for as long as a
year. Clothing should bc dry-cleaned bccause soap <lnd W<lter are not
<llways cffectivc in rcmoving the poison. Warn the person doing the dry
cleaning that the clothes have been exposed to poisonous plants.
Although crcams and ointmcnts are used in attcmpts to prevent poison ivy
irritation by covering exposed skin, these measures are of doubtful
valuc and of a temporary naturc. Use protcctive clothing and glovcs.
Persons who arc extremely sensitive to plant poisoning and whose cmploy-
mcnt brings them in contact with poison plants should consult their
physicians for whatcvcr help is available. Persons who dcvclop more
than minor arcas of ivy dcrmntitis should be undcr medicnl care.
232
POISONOUS PLANTS
This section covers the most common poison-
ous plants in the Keys including pictures and
problems you can expect if you come in
contact with them.
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BRAZILIAN PEPPER
.\ ('" i 1/1/.\ I nl'll iI/I" i r /Iii 11.\
V;lIl1ily: :\lIacardiacc;I('
TREE. WHEN IN BLOOM, COMMON
CAUSE OF FINE RASH, RESPIRATORY
IRRITATION, HEADACHE, SNEEZING.
':""1
,
BRAZILIAN PEPPER
233
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CASTOR BEAN
Ricinus colllllllwis
Family': Euphorbial:cac
'TREE-LIKE SHRUB. SEEDS CONTAIN
PURGATIVE OIL AND PHYTOTOXIN
RICIN; ALSO POTENT ALLERGEN.
CHALICE VINE
234
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CASTOR BEAN II
II
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CHALICE VINE
Solllmlra nitidll
Family: Solanaccac
1
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VINE. CONTAINS ALKALOID LIKE
l.. ATROPINE. FLOWERS POWERFULLY',>c":"
1:,>;;< NARCOTIC. SAP AN EYE HA~R[)~)J.~!;'"
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LANTANA
Lall/alltl camam
Family: Vcrhcnaccac
SHRUBBY HERB. GREEN FRUITS IN
QUANTITY FATALLY TOXIC, CAUSE
NEURO-CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE.
MANCHINEEL
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LANTANA
MANCHINEEL
HippomaTlc mallcillclla
Family: Euphorbiaccac
TREE (WILD). MILKY SAP CAUSES
RASH AND BLISTERS. FRUIT AND
OTHER PARTS TOXIC INTERNALLY~)
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235
OLEANDER
,\'",.illlll "I,'(/I/d,',.
F;l1l1i1\': ;\plll )ILIII';1l'
SHRUB. CONTAINS GL YCOSIDES
LIKE DIGITALIS. WOOD, LEAVES,
FLOWERS, SMOKE HIGHLY TOXIC.
OYSTER PLANT
236
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OLEANDER [
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OYSTER PLANT
If "()t~(/ .\11/1 tllt/U'II
Family: Commelinaceae
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HERB. SUCCULENT LEAVES EASILY
BROKEN; JUICE A COMMON CAUSE
OF ITCHING AND FINE RASH.
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POINSETTIA
F.ulJ!lOrhill Imldl/'nill/II
F;lIl1ily: Ellphorl>i;IlC:;It'
SHRUB. CONTAINS IRRITANT
POISON. DANGEROUS INTERNAllY.
SAP MAY BLISTER SENSITIVE SKIN.
POISONWOOD
~
POINSETTIA
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POISONWOOD
101 c I 0 Iii 11/11 lox if al//II
Fal1l~ly: Allacardiaccac
1.
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237
238
POISON IVY
Toxicodendron radicans
Fami-l-~ Anacardiaccac.
VINE/SHRUB (WILD). CONTACT WITH
PLANT, CONTAMINATED OBJECTS, OR
SMOKE, MAY CAUSE RASH, BLISTERS.
,Itllll' ,-I'I',lllj 11'lllllll'/'I'II.'III'r", II' 111'11.1'1.' t'l \"f'~'r'f'llttf'lfffllll" I
I <! 3 ... . '.!l . .
GREEN GILL
LejJiola morgani
Family: Agaricaceae
MUSHROOM (WILD). GREEN-SPORED.
RAW OR COOKED CAUSES VOMITING,
DIARRHEA, HEAD/ABDOMINAL PAIN.
239
LIGHTNING STRIKE INJURY PREVENTION
Here is a practical guidc for safc behavior whcn lightning is present or
threatcning. It is important not to wait for thc first lightning flash
to determine whether or not you are in danger. The approach of an
impending storm should be your cue to take safe shelter.
(1) If you are caught in a storm while driving an automobile,
remain inside. You are protected by the metal body around
you. A common misconception is that the tires insulate the
car. this is false: lightning can and will strike automo-
biles. The electrical charge is transferred through the metal
body, through the suspension and arcs to the ground completing
the discharge and dissipation proccss.
(2) If you are outdoors and lightning is impending, get indoors to
a safe place. Do not take cover under a tree. Stay away from
fences. The metal fence is a very good conductor of electrici-
ty.
(3) If you are on the water, get below deck or in the cabin. If
the boat does not have a cabin, crouch down in the middle of
the boat. If at all possible, make shore before the storm .
reaches.
..
(4) If you are indoors when a storm approaches, stay out. of the
shower or bath. Both of these are connected to the metal vent
pipe~ that run to the roof. Do not use the phone unless it is
an emergency. Many times phone lines are connected to the
electrical poles outside the house. These poles are favorite
targcts of lightning. Tclephone Iincs scrve as a conductor
for thc resulting curr~nt.
(5) If caught out in the open without protective shelter, avoid
being at the highest point. Assumc a crouchcd position with
both feet close together. Do not lay flat on the ground. A
lightning strike will set up ground currcnts that will travel
through the body with cnough energy to kill.
(6) If someone is truck by lightning, a hcartbcat and breathing
are often absent. Do not assume thc victim is dead. Apply
prompt cardiopulmonClry rcsuscitation (CPR) and gct immedi-
ate medical attention.
Lightning need not be mysterious nor frightcning. With knowledge comes
understanding. Your best defense is to remain calm and seek out a safe
place to wait out the storm.
240
MACHINE SHOP OPERATIONS
(1 ) Machine Shop Safety -- General
Use only those machines and equipment that you are qualified and
authorized to use and wear eye protection at all times where eye
hazards exist.
Before turning on a machine, make sure evcryone is clear.
ALL GUARDS AND SAFETY DEVICES MUST BE IN PLACE and
properly adjusted before operating a machinc.
DO NOT LEAVE AN OPERATING MACHINE UNATTENDED.
Machines must be stopped and power turned off before changing
chucks or loading heavy items into thc chucks. Make sure the chuck
is tight and the chuck key is rcmnved heforc restarting the machine.
Never brake or slow down a machine \vith your hands. Turn off the
power and WAIT. It will stop itself.
KEEP YOUR MACHINE CLEAN. RcnlOvc chips with a brush or stick, not
your hands.
Keep your area clean of oil, solvcnts and coolants. Slippery
floors and machincry do not mix.
.
Do not try to prove how strong you arc. Gct help to lift or movc
heavy objects or use mechanical lifting cquipmcnt.
Do not wear neckties, loose or ragged clothing, long sleeves,
gloves or jewelry. They are hazardous near machinery. If not
contained long hair can bc hazardous around rotating machincry. If
the opcrator must lower his head to gct a bctter look, loose hair
may get entangled in the rotating parts and cause scalping. Wear a
hat, hair net, tie it back, OR GET IT CUT BEFORE THE MACHINE DOES
IT FOR YOU!!
(2) 9rindin~ WheeLc;
Ncver usc a grindcr without a whccl guard. A brokcn wheel makes an
cxccllent unguided missilc.
Safety glasses without side shields are not sufficicnt protection
when grinding. WEAR A FACE SHIELD.
Cracked grinding whecls will be replaced, whcels dressed and in-
spected pcriodically.
Proper clcarancc will be maintaincd betwcen the whccl and guard.
241
Tool rcsts will be in place and clearance between the tool rest and
wheel will he adjusted to measure one-eighth of an inch from thc
whcel.
( 3) Drill Pres.,!
BE SURE that thc work is securcly bolted or clamped to thc table,
or held in a vise or jig. DO NOT TR Y TO HOLD IT BY HAND.
BE SUR E that the table clamps arc properly tightencd so that the
tablc cannot move.
When setting up or removing work, SHUT OFF POWER, cven though the
table or arm has been moved out of line.
When removing a drill from a socket clamped to thc chuck, LOWER THE
SPINDLE so that the end of the drill is near the table BEFORE LOOS-
ENING THE SOCKET.
(4) Lathes
When handling heavy chucks or fnce plates, use a lifting device.
If there is no lifting device near your lathe and the chuck or
face plate is too heavy to be handlcd by onc person, GET HELP.
Always start the chuck beyond the circumfcrence of a chuck. If
necessary, change or revefscthe jaws. --
After setting up or taking work out or the chuck, immediately re-
move the wrench [rom the chuck.
When doing work on centers, be surc that the work is counter-sunk
deeply el10ugh so that it cannot be thrown out of the lathe.
Sec that the tail stock is fastencd to the Itlthe bed and the dead
center is properly lubricated.
Use only safety type lathe dogs or those with flush set screws.
DO NOT HOLD emery cloth in your hand while polishing revolving
work. Use a wood block or jig for this purpose. Only use filcs
with handles.
When machine rods or bars that project beyond the head stock, en-
close the projecting portion in a stationary pipe supported on a
suitable stand.
The machining of irrcgularly shapcd castings, crankshafts, and
similar objects whcre the tool is not in con tact with thc work
during the entire rcvolution of the chuck, IS EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS.
The operator MUST BE CONSTANTLY ON THE ALERT to avoid bcing
caught or struck by the work.
Do not knock chips off thc tool or lean ovcr the lathc to inspcct
the work while it is running.
242
PERSONAL PROTECT.V~ EQUIPMENT
(t) Gloves
On operations where gloves are necessary, \vear the proper type
specified by your Supervisor.
(2) Hard Hal'i
Hard hats are provided J2Y-Jhe County to pxotect your head against
the danger of head injury from falling or flying objects, or from
electrical shock and burns. Be sure your hat is in good condition.
If any area is designated as "HARD HAT AREAl! all persons entering
these areas shall be required to wear a hard hat.
(3) Respirators
Respirators are designed to filter the air you breathe. Various
types of respirators are provided for your protection. These are
filter-type respirators for employees working in dusty areas or
handling dust-producing materials. Thcy are also required when
engaged in paint spray operations. A rcspirator is not a substi-
tute for a gas mask or self-contained brcathing apparatus. Check
with your foreman for more specific information.
(4) Air Breathin~ Equipment
Self-contained air breathing equipment, with the air contained in
cylinders as part of the equipment, is used for rescue work or
short term work in excessively contaminated atmospheres.
Air-line .breathing equipment with the air source obtained from a
shop air system or compressor is used for long term work in contami-
nated air atmospheres, and in areas whcrc it is impossible to use
self-contained air breathing equipment because of space limitations.
All personnel required to wear air breathing equipment must be
trained in its proper use.
Air breathing equipment must be inspected in accordance with manu-
facturers recommendation. Prompt repair will be accomplished on
all equipment found to be dcfective.
(5) Foot and Toe Protection
The wcaring of sandals or tennis shoes is not allowed. Exceptions
would be for those cmployccs wnose dutics would rcquire them to
wear shoes used for sports activities and lifeguards, who do not
wear shoes when performing their duties.
(6) Safety Glasses. Gorodes and Face Shields
No one can replace your eyes -- your greatest asset. Do all you
can to protcct them. Goggles or face shiclds should be worn by all
employees performing work that exposes them to eye injury. Employ-
ees not performing work, helpers or visitors who are in the area of
exposure also should always wear eye protection.
243
Hazard arC<lS \vill bc idcntificd. Eyc protcction will bc rcquircd
in thesc are~lS. Sufficient visitor goggles or facc shields will bc
available for prot.cction of persons cntcring these areas and will
be of thc typc.rcquired to guard againsl the existing hazard. This
rcq u ircmcn twill bc strictly cn forccd.
Wclding hazards can bc easily controllcd by usc of suitablc person-
al protcctive equipment ,lnd proper ,vork proccdurcs. Welding gog-
gles or helmcts must bc uscd. Whcn helmcts arc uscd, safcty glass-
cs must also bc worn whencvcr second:lry finishing is done on the
work piece.
Appropriate goggles with filtcr lenses shall bc uscd for such opcra-
tions as oxyacctylcne welding, culling, lend burning, and braz-
ing. Whcrc eye injury is increased by grinding, buffing, sandblast-
ing, ctc., additional prccautions such :IS sidc shiclds for safcty
glasscs must also be cmployed.
Do not takc chanccs with cyc injuries -- contact your Supcrvisor or
first aid pcrson immediat.cly upon recciving :1n injury. Do not rub
your cycs when a forcign objcct is in thcm.
(7) Personal Clot.hing
If uniforms are not providcd, the c10thcs YOll wcar is a personal
mattcr. Clothing must ac1hcrc to thc requiremcnts set forth by thc
dcpartmcnt for thc position. The minimum work clothing shall con-
sist of a T-shirt and trousers, or their equivalent, for :111 cmploy-
ccs.
Clothcs can bc a safcty hazard if they arc loose or ragged. Thc
matcrial can gct caught. in moving machinery and cause serious or
fatal injury. Clothing that is not clean is not only unsightly but
a hcalth hazard, c(lusing skin infcctions :lnd irritations. Clothing
furnished by thc County Illllst bc kept in :1 clcan and prcscntahlc
conc1 ition.
, ., .
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244
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS. INCL.UDING FORKLIFTS
AND HAND TR~CKS
(1) Forklift Trucks
When using forklifts, do not operate in excess of speeds that allow
full control of the equipmcnt and safety of thc load.
Do not permit any part of the load to obstruct vision while driving.
Only the driver shall ride on the forklift.
Riding the forks is strictly prohibited.
Watch out for pedestrians. Sound horn nt blind corners.
Do not drive with greasy hands.
Lift and lower loads smoothly and ncvcr carry loads in an elevated
position.
Power trucks shall not be left unattended without first lowering
the platform or forks, shutting off power, neutralizing controls,
setting brake and removing the ignition key.
When entering other vehicles with forklift trucks, the wheels of
the vehicle shall be chocked to prevent nny movement.
(2) Hand Trucks
When usjng two-wheel hand trucKS n do not overload. Make sure the
load is stable so the weight is on the axle, not the handle.
The same warning against overloading applies to the four-wheel hand
truck. Never pile a load so high that it might fall or prevent you
from seeing ahead.
Hand trucks are generally meant to he pushed, not pulled, with the
exception of the four-wheeled truck with swivel axle and tongue
which is designed for pulling, and the motorized hand truck which
can be run either way. Nevcr pull a four-whcel truck down an in-
cline. If it gets out of control it can pin or run you over.
(3) General Rcquiremenl'i
Only qualified personnel trained in the operation of forklifts and
other powered industrial trucks are authorizcd to operatc this
equipment.
Prior to opcration of powercd industria I trucks, the operator shall
examinc his vchiclc and if any itcm is found to be dcfective or in
need of repair the it.em shall be corrccted prior to use. Therc
will be no cxceptions.
245
Start and stop this equipment gradually and slowly. Always look
around bcfore starting. Avoid quick tll rns.
Slow down at cross aisles, sharp curvcs, ramps, dips, blind corners
-- on wet, slippcry or rough floors -- in congestcd areas -- and
when vision is limited or obstructcd. Always drive at moderate
speed.
246
"l
MOTOR VEHICLE MAINTENANCE SHOPS
( 1 ) General
The normal acti\ities of motor vchiclc maintenancc shops present
numerous hazards to maintcnancc personnel. It is csscntial that
adcquatc safety standards be prescribcd and observed by all shop
personncl to promote efficiency and rcduce the possibility of pcr-
sonal injury and property damages.
Keep repair shops adequately vcntilatcd to protect against exposure
to hazardous concentrations of carbon monoxide gas. Move any cquip-
ment with the engine running to the outside or attach a hose to the
muffler leading to the outside.
Always work under adequate illumination at work benches, lubrica-
tion pits and other shop work areas.
Maintain working. area frec of trasn scraps arid other tripping haz-
ards.
Set aside time for shop clean-up prior to the end of each work day.
Protective equipment shall be worn as required.
personnel \\TiIt a\oid wearing extremely greasy, oily or dirty cloth-
mg.
Do not wear rings or other jewelry when working on motor vehicles,
when ser:vicing batteries, when operating rotating machine shop
cquipment. or when working on, or around, electrical equipment.
To reduce fire and slipping hazards, do not allow floors to become
saturated with oil or other flammable materials. Usc absorbent
material and clean up as quickly as possible.
Never smoke while fueling equipment and do not allow anyone to
smoke in the immediate area.
Use a safety solvent (combustible rather than flammable) provided
for cleaning parts. Never use carbontetrachloride, gasoline, or
any other hazardous materials for this purposc. To use other than
approved safe solvents will expose you and your co-workers to the
danger of burns or lasting hcalth problems.
Be sure fire extinguishers are available and that there arc no
obstructions which will prcvent your access to them.
DO not carry sharp pointed tools in your pockets.
Do not smoke in areas where not allowed.
247
Lockers and washrooms will be maintaincd in a clean condition and
provided with propcr towels and soap.
(2) Safety in Maintenance Activities
Air compressor storagc tanks will be draincd at least once a day by
opening the drain valve and allowing water and water vapor to es-
cape.
All belts, pulleys, gears, chains, sprockets, or any moving parts
on air compressors will be completely cnclosed with a guard.
Only persons properly trained in the opcration of shop machines
will be authorized to use them.
Do not drain gasoline, oil or othcr liquids and materials in areas
where they are likely to go into storm sewers and sewage systems.
This is an extremely hazardous practice. It can cause fire, explo-
sion and extensive problems in sewage plant operation. Drain petro-
leums into drums or buckets for propcr disposal.
Compressed air shall not be used for blowing dirt from hands, face
or clothing. Be sure the nozzle is designed for a maximum of 30
psi when used for cleaning. Eyc protection shall be worn.
All compressed gas cylinders will be rackcd and secured in carts or
to walls and posts to prevent being accidentally knocked over.
Valve protection caps shall be installed on all cylinders not in
use. This requirements also applies to cylinders transported in
vehicles.
All shop hand tools will be frequently inspected for defects and
any defective tools found will be repaircd or replaced as soon as
possible.
Alligator type hoods on some vehicles have caused injuries when
they dropped white the mechanic was working on the engine. A prop "I
of safe design should be used to prevent this type of accident.
When a vehicle is jacked up or hung up on chain hoists and when a
mechanic is making repair underneath, it will be blocked with pyra-
mid jacks, trestles or substantial wood blocking.
No one will be permitted to work insidc a vehicle that is blocked
up when another person is working under thc vehicle. Mechanics
working under vehiclcs will ensure that their legs do not protrude
in aisles, cxposing themselves to injury nnd creating a tripping
hazard.
(3) Tire Repair
Tire repair work is hazardous if proper precautions are not taken.
Avoid strains and hernia whcn handling hcavy tircs by getting help
placing tires on dollies or using lifting equipmcnt.
248
'l
Do not use extension handles or pipe (cheaters) on wrcnches for
removing lug nuts. Usc air operated wrench whenever available.
Use a penetrate oil on nuts that are "frozen" then, if a wrench is
used, be sure it is the proper size. Tapping the wrench tightly
will aid in freeing the nut.
Always use a safety cage when inflating tires equipped with lock
rings. When inflating the tirc, turn your facc away from it.
Never hold the tire between your legs. Always stand to one side
when applying air.
( 4) Elevatin~ Type Lifts
Elevating lifts should be provided with a "safcty leg". Tripping
this leg to lower lift will bc done by a proccdure which will not
permit a worker to get under the lift.
All lifts will be provided with stop chocks.
No one will be permitted to remain in a vchiclc when it is being
lifted.
rocking of lifts during the lubrication process will not be permit-
ted.
Regular inspections wilt be made of lifts and their hydraulic cylin-
der and lines to ensure they are in safc operation condition.
~
(5) Above Ground Maintenance Racks
Above ground racks used for maintenance and lubrication work will
be provided with guard rails and steps or stairs.
The rack and areas below will be cleancd of grease, oil and other
slippery materials whcn in use. Gasoline or other flammable sol-
vents will never be used for cleaning maintenance racks. Use only
approved cleaning materials. If caustics arc uscd, suitable protec-
tion shall be worn.
Sufficient lighting will be providcd for workers. Portable or
permanent lighting will incorporate guards for protection. If
lights are to be used or installed wherc cxplosive vapors are like-
ly to be present, they shall be of the cxplosivc-proof type.
(6) Hoistin~ and Liftin~ Equipment
Never overload hand or electrically operatcd hoists. The rated
load will be legibly and permanently marked in a prominent location
on all hoist and lifting equipmcnt. (Jacks supplied with vehicles
are excluded.) Rated load limits shall not he cxceedcd.
Standard hand signals shall bc used if thcrc is an operator and a
helper.
(7) Specialized Shop Work
Welding, painting, undcrcoating and battcry work will be conducted
in separatc, isolated shops designed for this purpose.
249
Only traincd and authorized personncl will operate specialized
testing machines and equipment.
Eyc protection shall be worn by maintenance personnel using perma-
nently mounted, or portable, grinding and cutting tools that pro-
duce flying chips or dust.
When using air operated tools, be sure it is of the size and type
suited for the job. Pay attention to your footing to prevent slip-
ping. Ensure that the tool is sccured in a manner which will pre-
vent it falling if working above someone.
When installing a cable use a bar, not your hands, to guide it.
Use substantial wooden blocking when working in or under a scraper
while the bowl or apron is raiscd on thc blade of a dozer.
Be sure that all guards have been replaced before opcrations of any
cquipment which has been repaircd or adjustcd.
Proper protectivc equipment shall bc worn when boiling out radia-
tors. ..
All electric machines, motors, portable electric tools and equip-
ment will bc properly grounded.
250
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"'}
SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION. BUILDINGS.
AND GROUNDS MAINTENANCE
(1 ) Bui1din~ and Grounds Areas
Unsafe conditions in buildings and ground areas require repair and
maintenance to render them safe for employees and the public.
Report all unsafe conditions to your Supervisor for correction
without delay.
_.....
(2) Ladders
A ladder should be placed so the distance from its foot to the wall
is one-fourth the length of the extended ladder.
Never separate the parts of an extension ladder. Use of the top
section as a ladder is prohibited.
Do not carry heavy or bulky objects up or down a ladder. Always
use a rope or hoist.
..
Face the ladder when going up or down. Always look up when you are
going up a ladder.
Move the ladder as the work progresses. Don't work any further
than an arm's length from the ladder.
Only one person on a ladder at anyone time.
Ladders will not be used as skids, braces, scaffold members, or for
any oth~r purpose than that for which they are intended.
Never climb a ladder with greasy, muddy, or otherwise slippery
hands or shoes.
d
Do not use metal ladders in areas wherc cxposure to elcctric wires
or equipment is possible.
.. ..
(3) Scaffolds and Platforms
Make provisions for a uniform lcvel basc and compacted footing
before installing upper levels.
Tie into the structure or building to prcvent tipping.
All side braces (cross-bracing) shall he installed on tubular weld-
ed frame scaffolding.
Only scaffold boards in good condition are to be used on scaf-
folds. Each scaffold board must overlap thc scaffold sides by a
minimum of six (6) inches.
Never stand on the overhang portion of a scaffold board.
..
..
....
251
Guard railing shall be installcd on scaffolding whcn four (4) feet
high or morc.
Do not leave tools or materials on scaffolds or platforms where
they may fall or cause a tripping hazard.
(4) Excavations and Trenching:
The sides of excavations will be properly and substantially braced
and shored, or the sides will be sloped away from the excavation,
or a trcnch box of substantial construction may be used.
The type of shoring systems to be used will be determined by soil
conditions, vibrations in the area, stresscs imposed by nearby
buildings, and other pertincnt conditions.
Where excavations are to be madc below adjacent foundations or
pavement, these structures wilt be suitably braced or shored as
long as the excavation is open.
Dirt removed from the excavation and other materials will not be
piled closer than two fect to the edge and loose boulders, stumps
and other dcbris that could slide into thc excavation will be re-
movcd from the area.
Bridges, walkways, guardrails, barricadcs, warning signs, and
lights wilt be placed over or near open excavations as required.
Ladders shall be placed at trcnches to provide safc and convenient
exists from the area in case of cave-ins.
Where it is necessary to undercut the side of an excavation, over-
hanging .1113terials shall be safely supportcd.
Safcty hard hats should .bc \\'orn by cmrJn~ces engaged in excavation
and trcnching operations.
(5) Grass Cutting:
Mower operators will wear eye protcction and sturdy work shoes at
all times.
'\
No adjustments will be made by the opcrator or maintenance person
while machine is running.
Gasoline for lawnmowers and other lawn care equipment will be
kept in safcty cans plainly lettered "Gasoline". All sources of
ignition will be kept clear when fueling. Fueling will not be done
while engines are running. Smoking is not allowed when fueling.
(6) Floors and Building: Area
Maintain building floors clean and free of obstructions or slippery
materials.
Floors will not be cleaned with f1ammablc liquids. Adequate venti-
lation will be provided if clcaning is donc with liquids containing
toxic materials such as ammonia.
252
IF ANY PROBLEM OCCURS IMMEDIATELY CONTACT YOUR
SUPERVISOR. (Be familiar with prccautions and first aid procedures
for that particular substance bcfore using).
Dust, which can explode under ccrtain conditions, will be kcpt down
during swceping by spreading an approved swecping compound over the
floor.
Spitting on floors wilt not be toleratcd ::Jt any time.
Extreme care shall be takcn to avoid excessivc waxing or polish-
ing. Floors that are too slippcry arc sourccs of accidents. Use
only non-skid wax.
All projections shall be kept to a minimum on walls and ceilings.
Ceilings will be kept in good repair and frcc of loose plaster and
paint that could fall and injure persons bclow or create a health
hazard.
(7) Vendin~ Machines
Suitable waste receptacles will be provided where vending machincs
have been installed. All persons are instructed to return bottlcs
to racks, and dispose of papers, cartons, and cups in trash cans.
(8) Clothin~ Stora~
Kcep personal clothing in a clean and ordcrly condition. To avoid
spontancous combustion, clothing or matcrials that are contaminated
with flammable substances will not bc placcd in a closed area.
(9) Exterior of Buildings
Materials will not be storcd under or piled-against buildings,
doors or .cxits, or under stairways. Roofs will be kept free of
refuse such as sawdust, shavings, lint, trash, and other materials
that can create a fire or tripping hazard.
(10) Street, Road and Excavation Barriers
All barrier markcrs and lights shall bc maintaincd in good rcpair,
and kept clean and brightly finished to insurc high visibility.
Placement of traffic cones, warning flags, barriers and lights for
street work will be in accordancc with the Florida Manual on Traf-
fic Control and safe practices.
"I
All slow moving spccial purpose vehicles using strect or roads,
shall prominently display the SMV (orangc triangle) on the rear.
253
OFF-THE-JOB SAFETY
- -
(I) OfT-the-Job Safety is very important also, timc lost from the job
is thc samc whcthcr it is caused by an accidcnt or injury on-the-
job or away from work.
Thcreforc, OFF-THE-JOB SAFETY should be an extension of
ON-THE-JOB SAFETY.
Follow thc same rulcs for Safcty away from work as you do at work.
OFF-THE-JOB SAFETY is not only important to your job, but it is
important to your family, your fellow workers and your community.
4~
1''''
11
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254
Some ways to encourage OFF-THE-JOB SAFETY:
Seasonal Pro~rams: Safety programs are more meaningful if they
are part of your regular routine. For example, water, sunshine and
outdoor safety programs should be studied on a year round basis.
National Pro~rams: Scheduled activities for Fire Prevention
Week, Poison Prevention Week and other National programs to make
people aware of their importance.
Community Pro~rams: Take advantage of the Safety programs of-
fered by most communities, such as life saving courses, driving
classes and recreational safety programs.
Club Pro~rams: Many service and social clubs have programs to
teach or encourage safety. Members could promote such programs for
the whole family.
County Sponsored Pro~rams: Take advantage of County Sponsored
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and First Aid programs.
SET AN EXAMPLE: INDIVIDUALLY A PERSON CAN BE MOST
HELPFUL IN IMPRESSING HIS FAMILY MEMBERS AND FELLOW
WORKERS WITH THE IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY BY SETTING AN
EXAMPLE AND PASSING SAFETY INFORMATION ON TO THEM.
You are never too old or too young to learn good safety habits.
safety is not a negative thing. It does not mean "don't do this"
or "don't do that". Safety is a positive thing. It means you "can
do this" and you "can do that" safely.
You can do more things and you can do them better if you practice
safety habits.
REMEMBER: "'We a~pst here oncc...so let's take care of one
another"'.
255
DEALING WITH AN ANGRY PERSON
STEP ONE:
Deal with the person's feelings.
A. Empathize
B. Ask Questions
C. Give Feedback
D. Summarize
STEP TWO:
Deal with the person's problems.
A. Find Out What the Person Wants
B. Suggest Alternative Solutions
C. Share Information
D. Agrce on a Solution
E. Follow-up (if nccessary)
STEP ONE: DEAL WITH THE PERSON'S FEELINGS
The First Four Minutcs. The pace of your rcsponse is important.
The angry person wants you to feel how urgent his problem is and respond
at oncc. So -- after a minute or two -- you should progress from empa-
thy to fact-finding questions; and, by the time four minutes have passcd
-- at the longest -- you should be suggesting solutions (Step Two B).
Why four minutes?
Four minutes is not an arbitrary time; instead, careful observation has
shown that four minutes is the average time during which strangers in a
social situation interact before they decide to part or to continue
their encounter.
A. EMPATHIZE
(l) Get on the same physicallcvcl (standing or sitting) as
the angry person to cstablish cyc contact. Looking at
him/hcr enables you to judge the emotional content of the
words as well as the facts.
(2) Show your conccrn for the angry person by you'r facial
expression, body position, gestures, and tone of voicc
(on the telephone, your tone of voicc is your main tool
for showing empathy).
256
(3) If the angry accusations arc noisy or disturbing others,
takc the person to a private place if one is available.
(4) Show your sincere interest with empathetic rcsponses.
Acknowledge his/her anger. Exnmples:
a. 'Tm sorry you're upset."
b. 'That really does sound upsctting to have... I don't
blame you for being upset."
c. "I could see how that would bc a problem."
d. "1 can understand your conccrn about..."
e. ''I'm sure it was embarrassing to be... If a mistake
was made, we will do our bcst to make the situation
right."
B. ASK QUESTIONS
(1) Your goal is to determine eithcr whom the angry person
should see/talk with or what should be done.
(2) Take good notes. Write down names, dates, amounts of
moncy, permit numbers, etc.
C. GIVE FEEDBACK
(I) Personalize. Use the person's name in conversation as
often as possible (do not call him/hcr by his/her first
name). Identify yourself to him/her and assurc him/her
that you pcrsonally wilt work to rcsolve him/her problem.
(2) Intcract with the person to understand fully what hap-
p~ncd and to, as quickly as possible, accomplish your
goal of determining whom he/shc would talk with/see or
what should be done. Examplcs of Questions and Feedback:
a. "What did you do then?"
b. "Who told you that?"
c. "I don't understand."
d. "Why did you think that?"
e. 'Tell me more about that."
f. "Could you give me an exam pic?"
g. Repeat important words.
h. Say "um-hum", especially ovcr the phone.
i. Nod your head.
D. SUMMARIZE
(I) Repcat the story back to the angry pcrson to bc sure you
havc the facts straight.
(2) Acknowledge what is right about her complaint, cven if
you bclicve the complaint is esscntially in crror. Exam-
plcs:
a. "You are corrcct in saying that..."
257
b. "It does sound likc..."
(3) Admit the error if onc has becn made. Don't excuse or
minimize the mistake.
DO NOT PROCEED TO STEP TWO UNTIL YOU ARE SURE
YOU HAVE DEALT WITH THE PERSON'S FEELINGS
STEP TWO: DEAL WITH THE PERSON'S PROBLEM
A. FIND OUT WHAT THE PERSON WANTS
(1) Listen carefully to the remedies hc/she has alrcady tried.
(2) Ask him/her what hc/shc wants you to do to solve the
problem.
B. SUGGEST ALTERNATIVES
(1) If you can't do exactly what thc person wants, tell
him/her what you can do.
(2) When possible, offer thc person a choice among various
possible courses of action to makc him/her feel more in
control of (and thereforc less angry at) the situation.
C. SHARE INFORMATION
(1) Explain to the angry person exactly what you are going to
dn and how long it is likely to take.
.-
(2) If you need to ask him/her to wait or to put him/her on
hold, check back with hcr frequently to inform hcr of
your progress.
(3) Reassure him/her that you are his/her ally in solving the
problem. He/she should feel that he/she is no longer
alone with his problem in an adversarial predicament.
D. AGREE ON A SOLUTION
(1) If the final solution -- replacemcnt, permission, refund,
apology, provision of extra scrvices, ctc. -- cannot be
achicved immecliately, take a mut ually satisfactory inter-
im step. Examplcs:
a. "Now that you havc given me all these facts, I will
revicw them with my supcrvisor when he/she'returns
and call you as soon as I have talkcd with him/her."
b. "I will bc happy to... Will that bc satisfactory to
you? No? What would you like mc to do for you?
I'm sorry; I don't have thc authority to do that,
but I would be happy to do anything I can./I
258
(2) Dia logucs of th is typc often prom pt a dcgree of rcason in
a person who is making unreasonablc dcmands bccausc it
forccs him to rcalizc the rcalist ic limits of your author-
ity.
E. FOLLOW-UP (if necessary)
(I) Call back or contact by Icttcr when or bcfore you prom-
iscd to, cvcn if you havc not bcen able to find the an-
swcr or rcsolvc thc problem. Doing so maintains your
crcdibility.
(2) Remcmber that every complaint is an opportunity to im-
provc your rclationship with thc public. You can accom-
plish that goal a large pcrcentage of the timc by dcvelop-
ing good communication skills, kccping calm, and showing
through your actions that you [lnd your officc arc compe-
tent, caring, willing, [lnd ablc to corrcct errors as
quickly as possiblc.
\ .-
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259
BENEFITS OF EMPATHY
I. Empathetic listening can solve another'~_problem by:
A. Giving the person a chance to talk through problems and there-
by clarify his/her own thinking about them, and
B. Providing the necessary emotional release -- letting him/her
"get it off his/her chest".
2. Empathctic Iistcning can r~duce tensions.
3. Empathctic listcning makes cooperation easier. Whcn a person can
tell you arc really interestcd in his/her problcms/thoughts/-
opinions, he/she rcspccts you and will more readily cooperate with
you.
4. Empathetic listening can enhance the self-concept of the person
with problems. True listening assumes the other person has worth,
dignity, and somcthing to offer. This attitudc makes a person feel
good about him/herself -- we all like to feel valued.
5. Empathetic listening ~romotes communication and therefore reduc-
es ar~umcnts.
EMPATHY PRACTICE
I. My tire .blcw on us #1 on my way to work today.
2. We have a water lcak somcwhcrc undcr thc house.
3. My son's teacher called to tell mc he's flunking math.
4. I burned the toast again this morning.
5. I hit the wrong button on the PC and crascd my report.
6. I have an awful headache.
7. I've lost my car keys.
8. My tooth chipped on the peanut brittlc.
9. I had a wreck on the way home last night.
10. I gained seven pounds last week.
260
TEN COMMANDMENTS~QJ.~_GOOD LISTENING
I. Stop talking! You can't listcn if you're talking.
2. Put the talker at ease. Hclp the talkcr fecI frec to talk.
3. Show the talker you want to listen. Look rind act interested.
Listen to understand.
4. Remove distraction. Don't doodle, tap or shuffle papers. Close
your door if possible.
5. Empathizc with the talker. Try to put yoursclf in the talker's
place so you can see the othcr point of vicw.
6. Bc patient. Allow plenty of time. Don't interrupt. Don't start
for the door or walk away.
7. Hold your tcmpcr. An angry pcrson gets the wrong meaning from
words.
8. Go easy on argumcnt and criticism. This puts the other person on
the defensive and he may "clam up" or get :1ngry. Don't argue; even if
you win, you lose.
9. Ask questions. This encourages the person, shows you are listen-
ing, and develops further conversation.
10. Stop talking! This is first and last, because all other command-
ments depend upon it. You just can't do a good listening job while you
are talking. .
Nature gave people t.wo ears but only one tongue, which is a gentle hint
that people should listen more than they talk. (excerpted from Human
Relations at Work published by ,McGraw- Hill)
261
, 'Th G
. . .. ere IS
thing as
listener;
no such
a bad
there is only a
person with
. inflexible listening
h' be ,.,
a :[ ts 0
262
- SECTION 10: SYSTEM 7 SAFEn' PROGRAM
RESPONSIBILITIES
SUN MON TUE WED THU
FRI SAT
1ST
AID
MGMT RESP MX TNG RPT
- ff.tFLORIDA LEAGUE OF CITIES
- -
-- ----
- ---
- -----
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liTHE RIGHT THING TO DO"
"THE RIGHT WAY TO DO IT"
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\SAFETY NOTES \
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264 J
SECTION 10 -- SYSTEM 7 SAFETY
PROGRAM RESPONSIBILITIES
The System 7 Safety Program is a comprehensive, county-wide program
which will prevent accidents, save the associated costs of injuries and
property damage, and limit County liability.
This program has seven (7) important elements:
1. Man::lgement involvement and support. (Pl,S3)
2. Assignment of responsibility. (PI,S3)
3. Maintenance of safe working conditions. (Pl,S3,S5)
4. Employee training. (PI,S8)
5. Reporting and record keeping. (PI,S4)
6. First aid and medical assistance. (Pl,S4,S8)
7. Employee awareness, acceptance and participation.
(PI,S3,S6, P2,S3)
You can assess the effectiveness of the System 7 Safety Program in your
work area by reviewing the following responsibilities under each ele-
ment. How is Monroe County doing?
Summary of Responsibilities Under "SYSTEM 7"
Element I -- Management Involvement and Support
Distribution and Use of the Policy Statement
1. Each manager will have a copy of the County's safety policy.
(PI,S2,S3)
2. The policy will be posted in each work area. (P2,S3)
3. The policy will be used as a preface or introduction in all
operating manuals, training manuals, employee handbooks, and
rules booklets. (PI,S2)
4. The policy will be read to all new employees in the new
employees orientation program. (PI,S8)
5. The policy will be quoted or cited in training programs.
(PI,S8)
Safety/Loss Control Objectives
I. Each manager will develop annual objectives for the expan-
sion or improvement of loss prevention and loss reduction
activities. (P2,S2)
265
2. The objectives will be related to the System 7 Safety pro-
gram element topics. (P2,S2)
3. The objectives will include quarterly milestones for evalua-
tion of progress. (P2,S2)
4. Individual employees and work groups will be encouraged to
set objectives expanding personal involvement in the pro-
gram. (P2,S2)
County Administrator should approve the "Accountability Factor of the
Program." (Pl,S3,StO)
County Administrator should review the quarterly program results and
make comments. (Pt,S3)
County Administrator needs to select the safety coordinator and give
authority and direct-tine reporting to this person on matters pertain-
ing to safety. (Pl,S3)
County Administrator should be advised immediately of all large losses.
(Pt,S3,S4, P2,S6)
County Administrator should sign "Commitment to Safety Letter".
(P 1 ,S2)
Element 2 - Assignment of Responsibility
Individual Performance Appraisals(Personnel Policies)
I. Safety, health and loss control responsibilities will be
defined in each manager's position description. These will
be compatible with other stated responsibilities and authori-
ty.
2. Each manager will receive a copy of the position description
on appointment to the position and whenever the description
is changed.
3. The performance to program standards and individual objec-
tives will be measured and evaluated annually.
4. Performance to Safety/Loss Control standards will be consid-
ered in promotions and in merit pay increases.
266
Follow-Up on Remedial Actions
1. When possible, managers will take immediate actions to cor-
rect substandard practices and conditions as discovered, and
reduce the risk of accidents. This includes discovery by
investigation, inspection, observation, analysis or audit.
(PI,S 10)
2. Permanent measures to treat the basic causes of hazards will
be initiated or be recommended to senior management as appro-
priate. (PI,SIO, P2,S3,S6)
3. All actions and recommendations will be recorded in the
appropriate report form. (PI,S4, P2,S3,S6,S13)
4. All such items in reports will be checked by managcrs of
affected areas until completed and verified as corrected.
(P 1 ,S3, P2,S3,S6)
5. Actions taken, dates of actions and the event involved will
be noted in a memorandum on the respective report.
(P2,S3,S6)
Employee Rules and Regulations
.
t. General or craft safety rules will be developed when hazards
cannot be controlled through enginecring or procedural mea-
sures. (PI,S3, P2,S9)
2. Each employee will receive a copy of applicable safety rules
and have all rules discussed and explained before performing
work in the department of job placement or engaging in any
on-the-job training. (PI,S3,SR)
3. Applicable safety rules will be translated into sufficient
languages so that all employees can understand and apply
them. (Pl,SR, P2,S13)
4. Significant rules will be posted in places where they arc to
be applied. (PI,S3,SR, P2,S3)
5. Safety rules will be incorporated into all employee 'training
when the rules are applicable to the specific training.
(PI,SR, P2,S3,S4)
6. Rclevant safety rules will be reviewcd with each employee
annually. (PI,SR, P2,S13)
267
7. Education on and reviews of rules will be documented in
personnel files. (Pl,S8)
8. Written or oral tests on knowledge and understanding of
critical safety rules will be given following initial in-
struction and reviews of the rules. (Pl,S8)
9. Supervisors will reinforce rules by explaining their applica-
tion when assigning different tasks. (PI,S8)
10. Supervisors will enforce compliance with rules through per-
sonal example, commendation, re-education, reinforcement and
punitive measures as appropriate of the situation.
(PI ,S8,S I 0)
Personal Communications
1. Supervisors will be trained in methods and techniques of
personal communication for safety contacts, skill develop-
ment coaching and effective task assignment personal communi-
cations. (PI,S8)
2. Supervisors will make personal safety contacts to reinforce
knowledge of safe practices with each employee on every
critiGal or high risk job. (PI,S8)
3. Each supervisor will make a knowledge and skill development
plan for his/her employees. This plan will outline progres-
sive informal instruction and advice to develop and improve
the employee's experience and ability to work safely.
(P I ,S8)
4. Supervisors will follow clear communication methods when
assigning tasks to employees to ensure that the employees
have full understanding of the tasks and applicable safety
controls. (PI,S8)
Group Safety Meetings
1. Supervisors will be trained on how to give effective short
safety talks. (P 1 ,S8)
2. Each department manager will evaluate the need for employee
meetings to improve knowledge of safety and health aspects
of their jobs and to have good communication on potential
safety problems. (PI,S8)
268
3. Each supervisor will conduct safety meetings at least once a
month and as scheduled by the department manager. (PI,S8,
P2,S3)
4. Visual aids will be used whenever possible to help in under-
standing the topics. (PI,S8)
5. The safety coordinator will obtain and develop materials for
supervisors' use in group meetings. (Pl,S8)
6. Supervisors will record the date, subject and attendance of
the meetings. (PI,S8, P2,S3)
Safcty Items in Management Meetings
1. Incidents with a high potential for harm to people or damage
to property will be the first agenda item in all managers'
staff meetings. (PI,S8, P2,S2,S3)
2. Variations from approved remedial ac'tions will be reviewed
at the next staff meeting unless sooner discussion is war-
ranted. (PI ,S3, P2,S2)
3. Progress in remedial actions on significant hazards identi-
fied in safety analyses, inspections, investigations or
audits will be reported in staff or special management meet-
ings as appropriate. (PI,S3)
Program Refcrcnce Library
1. The County safety office will establish a central library of
general reference texts, legislation, special study or re-
search reports, periodicals, program materials catalogs,
safety equipment catalogs, materials for safety meetings and
program management internal training aids. (P2,SI2)
2. Individual managers may set up referencc libraries as needed
for their functions. (P2,S3,SI2)
3. The County safety office will set up a master index of all
refercnce materials. (P2,SI2)
4. An inventory of the reference library will be made at lcast
oncc every two years. The inventory will verify that the
library materials are current, serviceable and available.
(P2,S 12)
269
5. All managers will be briefed on the use of the refcrence
library during their program orientation. (PI,SS, P2,S2)
Element 3 - Maintcnance of Safe Working Conditions
Planned Inspections
1. Gencral inspection responsibility and the frequency for
inspection will be determined for each department in the
County. These will be assigned in writing to appropriate
department heads. (PI,S3,S5, P2,S2,S3)
2. Supervisors will make quarterly inspections of the signifi-
cant potential problem areas under their authority.
(PI,S3,S8, P2,S3)
3. Comprehensive inspection checklists will be developed for
each area to be inspected. (P2,S2,S3,SII)
4. Significant substandard practices and. conditions observed
during general inspections will be reported in writing on a
standard inspection report form. (P2,S2,S3,SII)
5. Each substandard condition or practice reported will be
clas~ified as to hazard potential. (P2,S2,S3,S5,S6,S13)
6. The department head of each area will be given a copy of
each inspection report and will be responsible to monitor
remedial actions. Copies of inspections will be submitted to
the safety office. (PI,S5, P2,S2,S3)
7. Inspection report items will be assigned priority for remedi-
al actions according to hazard classification. (PI,S5,
P2,S2,S3,S 13)
8. Inspection reports will be reviewed at the next highest
level of management. Significant items and delays in remedi-
al actions will be brought to the department head's atten-
tion. (PI,S5, P2,S2,S3,S 13)
9. Inspection findings will be analyzed quartcrly to identify
trends and underlying problem areas. Copies of analysis will
be maintained. (PI,S3, P2,S2,S3)
10. All equipment and tools which require periodic lubrication,
servicing, adjustment or parts replacement will be regis-
tered in thc preventive maintenance program. (P2,S9)
270
11. An inventory will be made in each work area, listing criti-
cal parts whose failure would cause serious injury or dam-
age. (P2,S4,S9)
12. Inspection responsibility and schedule will be set for each
item on the critical parts inventory. (PI,S5, P2,S2,S3,S9)
13. Each supervisor will maintain a record card for each criti-
cal part and monitor performance of the required inspec-
tions. (PI,S3, P2,S3,S 13)
14. Each motor vehicle, motorized mobile equipment unit and
materials handling vehicle will have a pre-use inspection
schedule set. A check-out form will be used for pre-use
inspection and defect reporting on each such motor vehicle.
(PI,S5, P2,S3,S6)
15. Supervisors will spot audit compliance with pre-use inspec-
tion requirements and submit quarterly reports of their
findings and actions. (PI,S8, P2,S2,S3,S9)
16. Employees will be encouraged to report substandard condi-
tions of any tools, materials, equipment or facilities to
their supervisors. An abbreviated form will be used for
these reports. (PI,S5, P2,S3,S9)
17. Managers will make quarterly assessments of the compliance
with and effectiveness of the inspection program.
(P2,S2,S3,S9)
18. Inspections of County properties will be completed monthly
by personnel selected by the safety director. Checklist
format should be used. (PI,S5, P2,S2)
Personal Protective Equipment
1. Personal protective equipment standards will be defined in
job descriptions or other directive writings. Compliance
will be a condition of employment. (PI,S3,
P2,S2,S3,S4,S9,S I 0)
2. Equipment standards will be translated into sufficient lan-
guages so that they can be understood by all employees in
the affected jobs. (PI,S3,S8, P2,S3,S4)
3. Proper personal protective equipment will be made available
for issue to or purchase by the employees. (PI,S3,
P2,S2,S3,S 13)
271
4. Department managers will provide facilities for cleaning,
repair and storage of protective equipment used by their
personnel. (Pl,S3, P2,S2,S3)
5. Individual records of equipment issue, service and replace-
ment will be kept at stations providing those services.
(P2,S 13)
Job Safety Analysis, Procedures and Practices
1. A job inventory, listing all work tasks performed, will be
made in each department. Tasks listed will be evaluated as
to their potential for serious accidents. (P2,S2,S3,S4)
2. The job inventory will be reviewed and updated quarterly.
(P2,S4)
3. Every two months each supervisor will make a Safety analysis
of one task listed on the job inventory and develop a stan-
dard job procedure or a safe work practice for the task.
(P2,S4)
4. The analysis will be reviewed, and the critical job proce-
dure or practice updated whenever the respective process,
equipment or materials are changed. (P2,S4)
.
5. A master analysis sheet for each job, showing hazards that
have been identified and loss controls recommended, will be
kept on file. (P2,S2,S3)
6. The hazards and control measures will be emphasized in em-
ployee training, in safety contacts and in work supervision.
(PI,S3,S8, P2,S3)
7. The loss control measures will be incorporated into signs,
color codings, checklists and other visual devices to rein-
force safe practices. (P2,S2,S3,S5,S7 ,S8,S 13)
8. Each job Safety analysis will be reviewed and verified annu-
ally. (P2,S4)
Element 4 - Employee Training
Management Training-- Each person appointed to a management position
will receive an orientation on key provisions of the Safety/Loss Con-
trol program, critical exposures In the area to be managed and reports
required. The manager's immediate supervisor will conduct or partici-
pate in this orientation.
272
Employee Training
1. A job training inventory will be made in each department,
listing all jobs performed. The inventory will include the
degree of difficulty of the job, the difficulty of learning
the job and the degree of hazard exposure. It will be used
as part of the basis for determining which jobs require
formal training, which require on-the-job training and which
require job instruction. (PI,S8, P2,S2,S3,S13)
2. All supervisors, plus employees who will be conducting for-
maioI' on-the-job training, will be trained on how to teach
a job. (pt ,S8, P2,S2,S3)
3. The job training inventory will be reviewed when processes
are changed, and at least annually to verify needs for train-
ing. (Pt,S3, P2,S4)
4. Training programs will be established for all jobs which
require some degree of knowledge or skill to perform safely.
(pt ,S8, P2,S3)
5. Lesson plans will be developed to guide training programs
and assure standardized coverage of critical safety and
efficiency aspects. (P2,S2,S4)
6. Written materials will be obtained or developed as appropri-
ate to aid employee training and application of skills devel-
oped. (P2,S2,S3,S4)
7. Visual aids will be used in training whenever possible and
practical. (pt ,S8, P2,S2,S3)
8. Tests of knowledge and proficiency will be used to evaluate
the effectiveness of training programs. (PI,S3, P2,S3)
9. Certificates of qualification will be given to employees on
successful completion of training programs. (P2,S2,S3)
10. Training, test results and certifications will be recorded
in employees' personnel records. (P2,S2,S3)
11. Refresher training will be conducted to update employees'
knowledge or to practice the skills that are not used regu-
larly. Refresher training will review critical items of
knowledge or skill at least once each three years. (PI,S8)
273
Hiring and Placement (Personnel Policies)
1. An analysis of all jobs will be made to determine safety and
health hazards affecting selection of personnel for the jobs.
2. Specific medical examinations will be given to employment or
transfer applicants to verify their capacity to perform the
job safely on all high hazard positions.
3. Periodic health maintenance examinations will be given to
employces exposed to health hazards and stresses, as dictat-
ed by the exposure.
4. Knowledge or skill verification tests will be given to em-
ployment or transfer applicants to verify capacity to per-
form the job safely or to enter into the appropriate train-
ing safely.
5. Where knowledge or skill cannot be verified before place-
ment, the individual will be given close supervision until
knowledge or skill is verified through all phases of job
performance.
6. Possession of certificates or licenses will be verified
before placement in any position where such are required by
law or by County standards.
7. Each employee's placement will include a complete orienta-
tion on applicable safety measures.
Accident Investigation
1. All managers will be trained in investigation mcthods and
techniques appropriate to their level of responsibility and
involvement in investigations. (PI,S8, P2,S2,S3,S6)
2. Each supervisor will set up a procedure for employees to
report accidents to him/her promptly on occurrence.
(P2,S2,S3,S6)
3. The safety office will set up a procedure for notification
of appropriate managers and County agcncies in the event of
accidents. (PI,S4, P2,S2,S3,S6)
4. Supervisors will respond immediately to the scene of any
incident, initiate emergency care and damage control mea-
sures, and begin an investigation. (P2,S3,S6)
274
5. Every incident will be investigated to determine the poten-
tial for serious or frequent loss. (P2,S6)
6. Minor losses and those incidents with minor hazards will be
investigated by the supervisor of the area where the inci-
dent occurred. (P2,S6)
7. Serious losses and those with serious hazards will be inves-
tigated by a management team headed by the manager of the
department where the incident occurred. (P2,S6)
8. Written summaries of vital information related to causes of
serious physical harm or damage will be distributed to de-
partment heads and safety office within 24 hours of the
discovery of such information. (PI,S4)
9. Written summaries of the circumstances and probable causes
will be distributed for announcements to employees within 24
hours of a serious personal injury or occupational illness.
(P I ,S4)
10. The department head will conduct an investigation and review
meeting on the completion of every serious incident. The
department head conducting the investigation will present
the findings and recommendations. All department heads will
participate to ensure consideration of all factors affecting
the adequacy of the investigation and actions to be taken.
(PI,S3, P2,S6)
11. Accident investigation forms will be completed by the super-
visor with a copy to the department head. (P2,S6)
12. Large loss forms will be completed and submitted to the
Florida League of Cities' Safety Department. (PI,S4)
Element 5 - Recordkeeping and Reporting
All Safety/Loss Control reports will be prepared as detailed under the
respective System 7 Safety Program element. Basically, these records
are kept in addition to the first report of injury and loss runs.
1. Management Safety Report - Completed quarterly by the
safety office and submitted to County Administrator.
(P2,S2)
2. Department Head Management Meeting - Held quarterly with
minutes of the meeting taken and submitted to safety office.
275
3. Supervisor Monthly Meeting - Held with all employees.
(PI,S8, P2,S2,S3)
4. Monthly Safety Check - Completed monthly for all depart-
ments. It is recommended that your own forms be utilized. A
copy of this form should be submitted to the safety office.
(PI,S5, P2,S2,S9)
5. Planned Inspection Summary - This is used by the safety
office to make an analysis of all departments. (PI,S5,
P2,S2)
6. Job Safety Analysis Worksheet - To be completed on each
critical job in all departments by supervisors and submit-
ted to department head to be used in training and job in-
struction. (P2,S4)
7. Employee Orientation Record - To be completed by supervi-
sor on all new employees, record to be maintained in employ-
ee's file. (PI,S8, P2,S2,S3,SI3)
8. Supervisor Accident Investigation Report - To be completed
by supervisor on all accident injuries or near misses.
(P2,S6,S 13)
.
9. Major Loss Announcement - To be completed by the safety
office on all large losses and submitted to the Florida
League of Cities' Safety Department. (PI,$4)
Element 6 - First Aid and Medical Assistance
I. A minimum of two persons per department should be trained
and certified in:
a. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
b. Basic first aid. (PI,S8)
2. At least one of these trained employees must actually be on
duty during the course of each shift. (PI,S8)
3. It is suggested that as many department heads and supervi-
sors as possible be trained in the above courses. (P'I,58)
4. An approved first aid kit should be assigned to each depart-
ment. Records must be maintained on supplies and used first
aid items replaced immediately. First aid records must be
maintained. (PI,S4)
276
5. Physical exams should be administered to employees in high
hazard occupations or where they will be called on to do
heavy lifting.
6. Records of all first aid administered are to be kept for a
period of two years. (PI,S4)
Element 7 - Employee Awareness, Acceptance and Participation
There should be a continuous program of safety awareness involving all
employees. (PI,S8, P2,S2,S3)
Selected individuals demonstrating above average safety performance
need to be officially recognized. (PI,S9, P2,S2)
A measurement device should be implemented into each department to
"measure" safety performance of that department over other departments.
(P2,S2)
Written communications should be utilized to convey the safety message
on a regular basis. (Pl,S8, P2,S2)
Management should participate in all award presentations and recogni-
tion of performance. (P2,S2)
277
\SAFETY NOTESI
278
SECTION 11:
SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
SAFETY
-- INSPEC
TION
CHE CK-
L1ST# 1 ' '/
~
".,-
--
-
--
-
-
-
-
---
ISAFETY NOTESI
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
I
LBUILDING(Facility being inspected)
I INSPECTION ITEM
L WALKING SURFACES -- INTERIOR & EXTERIOR
(OSHA 19.10,.21,.22,.23,.24,.30)
1.
Are walking surfaces in good condition?
Aisles marked where applicable?
L
2.
Are walking surfaces including aisles and
passageways clean and free of obstacles?
3.
Is there adequate lighting?
4.
Are all stairs and ramps provided with
secure handrails?
t
5.
Do stairs, ramps and areas that get wet
have a non-skid surface?
t
6.
Are tripping hazards highlighted with a
bright color?
t
7.
Are balcony guardrails secure?
t
8.
Are restrooms kept clean and dry?
9.
Are floor load capacities posted on Second
Floors, lofts, storage areas where re-
quired?
10. Are entrance mats provided for wet weather?
11. Are full length glass doors and windows
marked to avoid someone walking into them?
I
12. Have tripping hazards been removed where
possible including:
I
--Phone lines, electrical cords, extension
wires secured under desks and along
baseboards?
--Cords in walkways covered by runners?
I
--Projecting outlets?
--Carpets/rugs secured to floor and free of
worn or frayed seams?
I.
--Adjoining steps at different levels, easy
to see and properly marked/highlighted?
I.
--Floors not too highly polished, use non-
slip type floor wax?
1
--Stairs clear of obstacles or stored
material?
.
MONROE COUNTY Form SAF-S, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
Assessment
YES NO
I Page 11
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
281
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
INSPECTION ITEM
--Floor openings provided with toe boards
and railings or a floor hole cover?
WORKING CONDITIONS
1. Are environmental conditions adequate?
--Ventilation and temperature ?
--Noise (less than 90 A-weighted decibels)?
(OSHA 1910.95)
--Lighting?
2. Office layout adequate?
--No blind corners?
--Work space adequate?
--Free of dust, vapors or fumes?
OFFICE EQUIPMENT
1. Sharp edges or splinters removed from furni-
ture. Edges of glass or plexiglass not pro-
truding from desks or work surfaces?
2. Paper cutter
--Blade spring funceioning?
--Cutter blade safety latch used?
3. Step ladders and step stools sturdy? Ade-
quate in height?
4. File cabinets
--Located so drawers and doors do not open
into walkways?
--Drawers kept closed?
--Secured from tipping - heaviest drawers on
the bottom?
5. Are paper shredders guarded?
6. Flammable spirit duplicating fluid properly
stored?
7. "No smoking" signs posted near spirit dupli-
cating machine?
8. Rubber fingers used when working with paper?
9. All machines secure on desktops or the
floor?
282
MONROB COUNTY Form SAF-5, Jun. 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
Assessment
YES
NO
I Page I 2
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
I Page I 3
I DATE
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
I
,1BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
NAME of Inspector
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
Assessment
INSPECTION ITEM
I
L
10. All machines with guards,
clearly marked for proper
YES NO
as required,
use?
I
FIRE PROTECTION
.1 (OSHA 1910.38,.106,.144,.164; NFPA Codes)
Fire extinguishers
--Proper type
---Class A - Ordinary combustible
materials paper, wood, etc?
1.
I
I
t
I
t
I
I.
I
J
2.
.1
3.
.1.
I
1.
t
---Class B - Flammable liquids or grease?
---Class C - Energized electrical
equipment?
--Properly labeled and location marked?
--All employees familiar with location
and operation of fire extinguishers?
--All extinguishers unobstructed? At proper
height?(Not too high for its weight)
--Proper extinguisher located adjacent to
hazard?
--All unapproved or obsolete extinguishers
removed?
--Monthly documented visual inspection?
--Each extinguisher labeled with current
annual inspection with servicing and
hydrostatic testing where necessary?
Fire hose condition; doors operate properly;
nozzle in place; hoses rehung annually and
documented with current annual inspection?
Fire escapes and exits
--Exit lights working - Are there sufficient
exits to ensure prompt escape in case of
an emergency?
--Exit routes kept free of obstructions?
--Direction to exits, when not immediately
apparent, marked with visible signs?
--Exit doors not locked - free access while
building occupied - Are areas with limited
occupancy posted and access controlled?
283
MONROB COUNTY Form BAr-5, Jun. 19, 1991
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
INSPECTION ITEM
--Do stairway doors have self-closing de-
vices to keep them closed?
--Are they blocked open? If so, close them.
--Do you take special precautions to protect
employees during construction and repair
operations?
4. Sprinklers
--Sprinkler heads not blocked (storage mini-
mum of 18 inches below sprinkler
deflector)?
--Excess paper and trash disposed of daily?
--Are indoor trash collection/storage areas
protected by sprinklers?
--Sprinkler valves accessible and locked
open?
--Is maintenance of the sprinkler system
assigned tq responsible persons or a
licensed contractor?
--No leaks, corrosion, or other defects
noted?
--Are sprinkler heads protected by guards
where exposed to mechanical damage?
--Caps in place on fire department pumper
connections?
--Monthly alarm and valve supervisory tests?
5. Fire doors
--In good operating condition?
--Unobstructed?
--Kept closed where necessary?
--Adequate in width for easy patient
movement?
--Electric door closers in good operating
condition?
--Fuse links NOT used to hold doors open
(fuse links obsolete)?
284
~
MONROE COUNTY Form SAF-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
Assessment
YES
NO
I Page I 4
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
I
1-BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
I
.L.
6.
I
L
L
I
L
t
t
J. 8.
t.
J
J 9.
1
1
J
INSPECTION ITEM
Fire Alarms
--Fire alarm boxes accessible?
--Alarm horns and bells audible in all areas
of the building?
--Alarms connected to fire department or
answering service?
--Automatic heat and smoke detectors prop-
erly placed and free of covers, etc.?
--Annual inspection documented?
7.
Fire Evacuation procedures
--Fire evacuation plan approved and posted?
--Are emergency evacuation routes posted?
--Fire evacuation/fire exit drill procedures
written, approved and distributed to all
employees?
--Fire exit drill accomplished where
required?
--Are fire reporting procedures briefed and
posted?
--Are all employees instructed to call 911
immediately in the event of a fire?
Smoking
--"No Smoking" signs posted where
necessary?
--Smoking regulations enforced?
--Safety type ash trays in use?
--Safety type or metal waste baskets in
designated smoking areas?
Cooking equipment
--Equipment, controls and ventilation in-
spected annually?
--Fixed extinguishing system serviced semi-
annually and fire dampers in good working
order?
--Manual and automatic shut-off checked
semi-annually?
--Vapor globes on lights in hood?
MONROE COUllTY Form 8M-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
1 DATE
of Inspector
I Page I 5
Assessment
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
YES NO
285
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
INSPECTION ITEM
--Ducts over cooking equipment cleaned
annually?
--Filters over cooking equipment cleaned
weekly?
10. Electrical hazards
--All wiring completed by certified
electricians?
--All equipment "UL" listed?
--All electrical equipment grounded?
--Proper size fuses in use?
--All spliced cords removed?
--Extension cords used only temporarily when
absolutely necessary, not overloaded and
inspected monthly?(Office usage)
--Where extension cords are used are they:
---Three-wire grounded type?
---Maximum of 10 feet long?
---Free from taps'and splices?
--All light and appliance cords in the open
and not concealed or covered?
--Are all cords, outlets and switches in-
spected annually?
--Are all electrical cords strung so they do
not hang on pipes, nails, hooks, etc.?
--Is all conduit, BX cable, etc. properly at-
tached to all supports and tightly con-
nected to junction and outlet boxes?
--Is there no evidence of fraying on any
electrical cords?
--Are rubber cords kept free of grease, oil
and chemicals?
--Are metallic cable and conduit systems
properly grounded?
--Are portable electrical tools and appli-
ances grounded or double insulated?
286
--Are all junction boxes sealed with approved
covers?
MONROE COUN'l'Y Form SAP-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
I Page I 6
Assessment
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
YES
NO
I
LBUILDING(Facility being inspected)
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
I
L
I -.
I
L
L
I
I
I
I ..
1
L
t
t
t
I.
I.
1I.
I.
INSPECTION ITEM
--Are all ground connections clean and tight?
--Are fuses and circuit breakers the right
type and size for the load on each circuit?
--Are all fuses free of ".;rumping" with
pennies or metal strips?
--Are all circuit breakers and fuses labeled
for the circuit they control; access not
blocked?
--Are fuse and circuit breaker panels free of
the need for frequent replacement and/or
resetting, indicating an overloading of
electrical circuits?
--Are all electrical cabinets kept closed to
prevent dust from accumulating on the leads
and causing a short?
--Do any switches show evidence of over-
heating?
--Are switches mounted in clean, tightly
closed metal boxes?
--Are all switch bo*es marked to identify
their purpose; access not blocked?
--Are electric motors clean and kept free of
excessive grease and oil?
--Are electric motors properly maintained and
provided with adequate over-current
protection?
--Are electric motor bearings in good condi-
tion; i.e., do not get hot?
--Are portable lights equipped with proper
guards?
--Are all lamps and bulbs kept clear of com-
bustible material?
--Are Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters
(GFCI) for extension cords powering elec-
tric tools being used?
(OSHA 1926.404(b)(1)(ii))
Flammables/combustibles (OSHA 1910.106,.107)
--Flammable liquids in quantities of one
gallon or more in "UL" listed safety cans
and properly stored in metal cabinets?
MONROE COUNTY FOrlll SAF-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
I Page I 7
Assessment
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
YES
NO
287
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
INSPECTION ITEM
--Are all flammables and storage cabinets/
buildings/drums properly marked?
--Are solvent soaked rags disposed of
properly to prevent fire from spontaneous
combustion?
--Are covered metal cans used for and limited
to oily, solvent or paint soaked waste; are
they emptied daily?
--Are compressed gas cylinders stored in
designated areas away from heat producing
devices?
--Are compressed gas cylinders properly
secured and capped when not in use?
--Are flammable liquid containers and com-
pressed gas cylinders stored away from
oxidizing agents?
--Are combustibles kept away from heaters or
other potential ignition sources?
--Are waste receptacles provided and are they
emptied regularly~
--Are combustibles/flammables stored neat and
orderly?
--Are "No Smoking" signs prominently posted
in areas containing flammables and
combustibles?
--Is trash and rubbish kept outside in metal
containers?
--Are all utility rooms (heat, AC, electrical
gas, elevator, etc.) kept free of com-
bustible material? Are they kept locked to
prevent tampering by unauthorized persons?
--Are non-flammable paints and liquids used
when possible?
--Are flammable paints, solvents and liquids:
---Kept to a minimum?
---Kept in sealed metal containers?
---Stored in a vented metal cabinet?
288
MOKROB COUNTY Form SAF-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
T Page I 8
Assessment
YES NO
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
I
LBUILDING(Facility being inspected)
I
I
INSPECTION ITEM
--Do paint spray booths have "No Smoking"
signs, filters clear, fire extinguishers
readily available, explosion proof wiring,
operational sprinkler systems, adequate
trash containers and limited flammables
in the booth?
L
--Are paint spray booths, dip tanks, etc.,
and their exhaust ducts cleaned regularly?
--Are all oil and gas fired devices equipped
with flame failure controls that will
prevent flow of fuel if pilot or main
burners are not working?
L
--Is there at least a 2-inch clearance be-
tween chimney brickwork and all woodwork
or other combustible materials?
--Is lint cleaned from laundry dryer daily
and other collection areas as needed?
t EXTERIOR INSPECTION
I 1- Is the parking lot pavement in good
condition?
.
2. Are all parking and walkways clearly de-
I fined by lines?
3. Are curbs in good condition?
I 4. Is drainage adequate for water removal?
I 5.
Are materials properly stored and neatly
stacked?
6.
Are materials protected from weather condi-
tions where necessary?
7.
Are grounds free of unusual hazards such as
holes, protrusions or other obstacles which
could cause injury?
8.
Is traffic control adequate? Are signs
posted, not knocked down or covered by
foliage?
9.
Is there adequate fire department access?
(20 feet minimum)
MONROE COUNTY Form SAF-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
I Page I 9
Assessment
YES NO
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
289
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
INSPECTION ITEM
SAFETY BULLETIN BOARDS
1. Is the bulletin board neat and attractive?
2. Are displayed items changed regularly?
3. Is the board well illuminated?
4. Is the board identified as the "Safety Bulle-
tin Board"?
5. Does the Safety Bulletin Board contain all
required items:
--Fire Evacuation Plan?
--Fire Evacuation Procedures?
--Emergency phone numbers?
--List of CPR/First Aid trained personnel
and their locations?
--Location of First Aid Kits?
--Location of nearest medical treatment
facility?
--Monroe County Safety/Loss Control policy
Statement?
--Off-the-job Safety topic?
--Division, Department (section), County
Safety Representatives/personnel names and
phone numbers?
--Hazard Report forms, Monroe County Form
SAF-2 and instructions?
--Job Safety topic (changed at least
monthly)?
--Accident reporting procedures?
--Safety suggestions/safety Hotline
information?
--Optional
---Safety awards information and pictures?
290
MONRO! COUNTY Form SAP-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
I Page 110
Assessment
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
YES NO
I
[EUILDING(Facility being inspected)
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
I
I
L
L
INSPECTION ITEM
---Other timely and applicable Safety in-
formation; e.g., newspaper/magazine
clippings, Safety posters, Division/-
Department Safety Policy, Division
Safety program status, accident sum-
maries, etc.?
---Are innovative ideas encouraged to
heighten Safety awareness?
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
\. (OSHA 1910.120, .132, .133, .135)
1.
\
.- 2.
I 4.
I 5.
\ 6.
t
7.
\
8.
t.
9.
Has each hazardous task been analyzed to
determine required PPE and type?
Has the proper PPE been issued to employees?
Are adequate supplies on hand and
accessible?
3.
Is the use of PPE strictly enforced?
Are required equipment Safety guards in place
and used?
Are hard hats provided and worn where any
danger of falling o~ thrown objects exists?
Are protective glasses or goggles provided
and worn where there is any danger of flying
particles or splashing of corrosive
materials?
Are the proper gloves, aprons, shields or
other means provided for protection from
sharp, hot or corrosive materials?
Are approved respirators provided for
regular or emergency use where needed?
Is all PPE maintained in a sanitary condition
and readily available for use?
\
10. Where special equipment is needed for elec-
trical workers, is it available?
1 TOXIC/HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(OSHA 1910.120)
11.
J 2.
.
Is the location of all toxic, caustic, cor-
rosive or hazardous materials known?
Are Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on
file for all toxic/hazardous chemicals?
MONROE COUNTY Form SAP-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
\ Page III
Assessment
YES NO
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
291
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
INSPECTION ITEM
3. Do all employees with access to toxic/-
hazardous chemicals know where to find the
MSDSs?
4. Have all employees been briefed on the Flor-
ida Right to Know law? On MSDSs and informa-
tion they contain?
5. Are all cans, bottles and drums containing
toxic/hazardous chemicals properly identi-
fied, and labeled?
6. Are all toxic/hazardous chemical containers
properly stored?
7. Are all empty drums purged, opened so they
can't be resealed, and painted "Empty"?
8. Are all 55 gallon or similar empty drums
stored neatly so all can be readily identi-
fied as empty?
9. Are all drums/large containers stored or
stacked securely?
10. Are all storage areas properly ventilated?
11. Do all toxic/flammable storage areas have
fire extinguishers readily available and
clearly marked inside and out?
12. Do personnel handling toxic/hazardous chemi-
cals have the proper Personal Protective
Equipment? e.g., respirators, gloves, aprons,
sniffers, eye protection, etc.?
13. Is housekeeping neat and clean in all areas
where toxic/hazardous/flammable materials
are used or stored?
14. Are emergency wash facilities readily avail-
able and operational where required?
15. Are adequate mechanical handling aids avail-
able for the safe handling of heavy drums,
etc.?
16. Do all county vehicle operators that carry
hazardous materials have a Commercial
Driver's License?
17. Are containers bonded when transporting
toxic/hazardous/flammable liquids?
292
MONROE COUNTY Form SAP-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
1 Page 112
Assessment
YES NO
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
I
l_BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
I INSPECTION ITEM
L
18. Where lunches are eaten on the premises, are
.1. these areas free of exposure to toxic ma-
. teria1s?
19. Is the toxicity of all materials used or
I stored in the area known?
SCAFFOLDING (OSHA 1910.28)
L 1.
I 2.
-. 3.
L 4.
L
1. 7.
1 8.
1 1.
2.
I
- 3.
l4.
t 5.
I 6.
I 7.
1 8.
J
.
Is the erection of scaffolds supervised?
Do structural members meet safety factors?
Are all connections secure?
Are scaffolds tied into the structure?
5.
Are scaffolds plumb and square, with cross
bracing?
6.
Are guardrails and toe boards in place?
Are ropes and cables inspected and in good
condition?
Are foot and mud sills provided?
WELDING AND CUTTING (OSHA 1910.252)
Are welding area screens and shields used?
Is electrical equipment grounded?
Are power cables protected and in good rh
pair?
Are combustible/flammable materials kept
away from the work area?
Are gas cylinders secured upright and caps
used?
Are gas lines protected and in good
condition?
Are only authorized, trained personnel per-
mitted to use welding or flame-cutting
equipment?
Ie a fire extinguisher readily available?
9.
Do operators have and use the proper pro-
tective clothing and equipment?
MONROE COUNTY Form SAP-5, June 19, 1991
I DATE
I Page 113
NAME of Inspector
Assessment
YES NO
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
293
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
INSPECTION ITEM
10. Are cylinders properly stored? Are oxygen
tanks separated?
MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT (OSHA 1910.211-222)
1. Are all machines or operations that expose
operators or other employees to rotating
parts; e.g., belts, pulleys, shafts, coup-
lings, gears, chains, sprockets, pinch
points, flying chips, particles, or sparks
adequately guarded? (OSHA 1910.212)
2. Are mechanical power transmission belts and
pinch points guarded?
3. Are exposed power shafts, fans, pulleys or
other moving parts less than seven feet from
the floor guarded?
4. Are hand tools and other equipment regularly
inspected for burrs, cracked handles and in
generally safe condition?
5. Are all power, saws and similar equipment
provided with safety guards?
6. Are grinding wheel tool rests set to within
one-eighth of an inch or less from the
wheel?
7. Are safety valves examined and tested
regularly?
8. Is protection against the effects of occu-
pational noise exposure provided when the
sound levels exceed those in Table G-16 of
the OSHA noise standard? (OSHA 1910.95,P.184)
9. Are emergency generators tested weekly?
10. Are all machines and equipment oiled, cleaned
and adjusted regularly?
11. Are operating machines left unattended?
12. Are all emergency stops operational?
13. Are instructions to operate and stop posted?
14. Are all required caution and warning signs
posted and legible?
15. Are First Aid Kits and equipment and First
Aid trained personnel readily available?
294
MOKROE COUNTY Form BAr-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
I Page 114
Assessment
YES NO
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
I
_BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
I
I
INSPECTION ITEM
16. Are hoists, jacks and cranes marked for load
rating?
17. Are hoists, ropes, slings and hooks in good
condition?
L 18. Have
made
any unauthorized modifications been
to any machine or piece of equipment?
I FORKLIFTS (OSHA 1910.178)
11.
2.
Load capacity posted?
Operator trained; training documented?
I 3. BaCk-up warning beeper operational?
4. Vehicle in good condition; inspections
I documented?
5. Is overhead protection provided?
J LADDERS (OSHA 1910.25)
.1
J. 2.
.13.
J 4.
.1 5.
6.
.J 7.
.1 8.
1.
Are portable wood ladders and metal ladders
adequate for their purpose, in good condi-
tion and provided w~th secure footing?
Are fixed ladders adequate, in good condi-
tion, and equipped with side rails or cages
or special safety climbing devices, if
required?
Are ladders stored properly?
Are ladders inspected and maintained
properly?
Do ladders have safety feet?
Are any rungs or steps broken, loose, etc.?
Are fiberglass ladders or other approved
ladders used for electrical work?
Are metal ladders labeled to warn against
contact with electrical wires/equipment?
l UNSAFE PRACTICES
1. Are all vehicles operated at safe speeds?
Obey traffic rules?
J
MONROE COUNTY Form SAP-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
I Page 115
Assessment
YES NO
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
295
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
INSPECTION ITEM
2. Is horseplay prohibited and enforced?
3. Is no smoking in hazardous areas enforced?
4. Is running in aisles or on stairs prohib-
ited?
5. Is oiling or adjusting machinery while in
motion prohibited?
6. Is Personal Protective Equipment used where
required?
STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY
1. Is the roof in good condition, not able to
fall?
2. Does the roof leak?
3. Are restrooms checked regularly for leaks?
4. Are walls of excavations braced against
collapse?
5. Is any part of the structure bending, warp
ing, cracking, loosening or breaking?
6. Are any windows/glass broken or cracked?
7. Are windows and doors in good condition and
water tight?
8. Are all pipes, fittings and fixtures in good
condition and inspected regularly for signs
of leaks or damage?
GARAGES (OSHA 1910.178)
1. Are all shop power tools guarded and
grounded where applicable?
2. Is the air compressor system, including
hoses and connections, in good condition and
inspected regularly?
3. Are lifts properly maintained and safety
legs/stops used?
4. Is vehicle exhaust adequately ventilated?
296
MONROE COUNTY Form SAF-5, June 19, 1991
I DATE
I Page 116
NAME of Inspector
Assessment
YES NO
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
I
..LeUILDING(Facility being inspected)
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
I
.L
5.
1 6.
I 7.
J 8.
9.
J
11.
J 2.
I.
3.
J
J 1.
..1 2.
J
I 3.
.-
4.
-
.-
INSPECTION ITEM
Is the tire cage used when required?
Is steam cleaning equipment in good condi-
tion and inspected regularly?
Is no smoking enforced around parts clean-
ing, solvents, refueling, etc.?
Are flammables marked and stored properly?
Are safety jack stands used to support
vehicles? (not jacks)
MISCELLANEOUS
Are battery powered emergency lights tested
regularly? Documented?
Are applicable occupational safety and
Health Adminisration (OSHA) standards on
file, reviewed and added to unit inspection
checklist where applicable?
Has your unit safety inspection checklist
been compiled and customized to meet your
unique safety requirements?
PLAYGROUNDS/PARKS/BALL PARKS
Structure -- Bending, warping, cracking,
loosening, breaking, etc.?
Surface Finish -- No protective coating,
rust, other cracks, corrosion, splinters,
no harmful projections, or points,
etc.?
Hardware -- Missing, bent, broken, loosened,
open hooks, etc.?
Edges -- Sharp points, or edges, protruding
bolts, or other protrusions, etc.?
5.
Pinch or Crush Points -- Exposed mechan-
isms, junctures of moving components, etc.?
6.
Mechanical Devices and Other Moving Parts --
Worn bearings, lubrication needed, missing
protective covers, etc.
7. Guard or Hand Rails -- Missing, bent,
broken, loosened, etc.?
MONROE COUNTY Form SAP-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
I Page 117
Assessment
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
YES NO
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
INSPECTION ITEM
8. Ladders and Steps -- Missing rungs or steps,
broken, loosened, slick, etc.?
9. Swing Seats -- Missing, damaged, loosened,
sharp corners, etc.?
10. Footings -- Exposed, cracked, loose in
ground, etc.?
11. Protective Surfaces under Equipment -- Com-
pacted, displaced to ineffective level,
doesn't extend to potential impact area,
unsanitary, poor drainage, etc.?
12. Swing Set
--Chains (including attachments to hori-
zontal post)?
--Swing seats (including attachments to
chains)?
--Vertical Posts (including all attachments)?
--Horizontal post (including all
attachments)?
--General appearanc~ (paint, rust conditions,
etc.)?
--Surrounding surface (exposed concrete, fill
needed, etc.)?
13. Whirl/Merry-Go-Round
--Handles and bed (security of attachments to
each)?
--Supporting post and bearing condition (free
turning)?
--Proper alignments (parallel with ground/no
wobbling)?
--Security of supporting structure (concrete
base)?
--General appearance (paint, rust conditions,
etc. ) ?
--Surrounding surface (exposed concrete, fill
needed, etc.)?
298
MONROE COUNTY Form SAP-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
I Page 118
Assessment
YES NO
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
I
lBUILDING(Facility being inspected)
INSPECTION ITEM
.L
14. Spring Toys
--Extension arm and seat attachments?
I.
--Center unit (spring condition and sup-
port post security)?
t
--Proper alignment (parallel with ground/no
wobbling)?
--Security of supportive structure (concrete
base)?
I
--General appearance (paint, rust conditions,
etc. ) ?
--Surrounding surface (exposed concrete, fill
needed, etc.)?
115.
Teeter-Totter/See Saws
--Main supporting posts (including
member)?
cross
--Ground attachments secure (no loose/-
weak concrete)?
--Teeter-totter frame (including attachments
to support structure)?
I
--Seats and grab rails/handles (including
attachments)?
--General appearance (paint, rust conditions,
etc. ) ?
--Surrounding surface (exposed concrete, fill
needed, etc.)?
L
16. Slides
--Ground attachments
concrete)?
secure (no loose/weak
I
L
--Surrounding framework/guardrails (includ-
attachments)?
.1
--Climbing ladders or arches (including rungs
& attachments)?
--Slide-bed (including upper/lower
attachments)?
I.
--General appearance (cracking/decaying wood,
stain, etc.)?
J.
--Surrounding surface (exposed concrete, fill
needed, etc.)?
MONROE COUNTY Form SAF-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
I Page \19
Assessment
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
YES
NO
299
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
BUILDING(Facility being inspected)
INSPECTION ITEM
17. Grounds
--Are grounds free of unusual hazards such as
holes, protrusions or other unexpected ob-
stacles which could cause injury?
--Are trees regularly inspected for condition
and are dead limbs that could cause injury
or damage removed?
--Are picnic shelters, tables and benches in
good condition?
18. Traffic Control
--Is traffic properly controlled by use of
warning, speed limit, stop signs, etc.?
--Are speed bumps properly highlighted with
paint and identified with warning signs?
--Post and cables or post and chains not
used to control parking and access? Chains
and cables strung between post should be
removed in favor of additional posts.
Chains and cables used in this manner have
resulted in many serious injuries and even
death when persons on foot, bicycles or
motorcycles have atruck them due to limited
visibility.
--Is park access properly controlled after
closing hours as prevention against
vandalism and unauthorized use?
--Are vehicle and/or pedestrian bridges
safely constructed, maintained, and
equipped with guard rails of safe construc-
tion and height?
--Are sidewalks, paths, roadways, and parking
areas free of holes, uneven areas, etc.
which would cause falls or vehicle damage?
19. Game Areas
--Are ball fields, tennis and basketball
courts in safe condition and properly
maintained?
--Are fences and enclosures free of protrud-
ing wire, nails or bolts?
--Are vehicle parking areas located a safe
distance from ball fields?
300
MONROE COUNTY Form SAF-5, June 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
I Page /20
Assessment
YES NO
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
I
.[~UILDING(Facility being inspected)
I
.I
20.
I
L
I
I .
I
I
I
J
I
..1
I.
I
I
J
I
...
INSPECTION ITEM
Lighting and Electrical Equipment
--Is electrical equipment installed and main-
tained (condition, overhead clearance,
etc. ) ?
--Are electrical supply panels covered and
locked where necessary?
--Is all electrical equipment properly
grounded (three pronged plugs on soda
machines, concession machines, etc.)?
MONROE COUNTY Form SAP-5, Jun. 19, 1991
NAME
I DATE
of Inspector
I Page \21
Assessment
YES NO
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
301
ISAFETY NOTES I
302
SECTION 12:
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY OFFICE
MA TERIALS/EQU I PM ENT LIST
-
-I
.....1. ..
":.:':':':'''I[IEIII
............. I _
:\}} T ,~. PE
-
SAFETY !III
OSHA ~
HAZARDS fI'
TOXIC ~
SAFETY ~
TRAINING ~
SYSTEM ? II
HAZ COM ~
CFR 29 ~
PART 1910_
SAFETV ~
-
-I
..... I I ...
.':':':':':' " 1 [I E "I
............. I ...
:t~:~:J T .~. PE
-
-
-I
..... I . ...
":':':':':'''I[IEIII
:.:.:.:.:.:." I ..
\t~J T.~, PE
-
=--,
:{:?~:: '".' 1 D E 011
:::::::::J T .'. F' E r
............. ~
............ . I
-
-I
........ I I ...
":':':':':'''I[IEIII
............. I _
:\f} T,~. PE
-
Safety
forms
-
-I
.....,1 ...
.'::::::::::: ',' I [I E "I
...... ...
:t~:~:J T ,~. P E
-
r=::::J c=::::J
-
-I
..... I I ...
,,::::::::::: '.' I [I E "I
...... ..
:::{f~~ T .~. PE
-
ISAFETY NOTES I
SECTION 12 -- SAFETY MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT LIST
EQUIPMENT/FORMS
--Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
--Caution and warning signs and stickers
--Monroe County Safety Forms
---SAF-1, Accident Investigation Report
---SAF-1a, Vehicle Accident Additional Information
---SAF-2, Monroe County Hazard Report
---SAF-3, Notice of Hazard
---SAF-4, Monroe County Hazard Worksheet
---SAF-S, Monroe County Safety Inspection Checklist
--Safety Posters
--All Divisions' Safety Manuals
--3Smm Slide Projector
--Vu-Graph Projector
--Video camera
--TVjVCR, 13 in. TV with built-in VCR
--Noise level.meter (Dosimeter)
REFERENCE MATERIALS/BOOKS
--1910 OSHA Guide
--OSHA Compliance Manual
--OSHA Facilities Marking Manual
--Right To Know Compliance Manual
--Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Compliance
(OSHA Part 1910.120)
--Out in Front -- Effective Supervision in the Workplace
--Public Employee Safety and Health Management
--Safety and Health Materials catalog --Safety Equipment Catalogs
--CPR workbook, American Red Cross
--First Aid workbook, American Red Cross
---First Aid Test, 25 questions
305
safety Materials/Equipment list
--Life Safety Code Handbook, NFPA 101
--Supervisor's Safety Manual
--Techniques of Safety Management
--Joint Safety and Health Training Course,
National Safety Council
--Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Labor, Title 29,
Parts 1900-1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards
--CFR, Labor, Title 29, Part 1926, Safety and Health Regulations
for Construction
--CFR, Protection of Environment, Title 40, Part 1-51,
Environmental Protection Agency
--CFR, Transportation, Title 49, Part 301-399, Federal Highway
Administration, Department of transportation
--Job Safety and Health - Policy and Practice, BNA
--Right to know Law - Toxic Chemicals
--System 7 Safety Program, Florida League of Cities
--Fundamentals of Accident Investigation and Analysis
--OSHA Safety Compliance letters
--Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, EPA
--Safety Pamphlets (assorted subjects)
--Safety Flyers (assorted subjects)
SAFETY TRAINING VIDEOS
5-MIN TITLES
Dumptruck Safety
Chainsaw Safety
Garage - Hand and Power Tool Safety
Garage - Motor F~eet Maintenance Safety
Public Works - Back Injury Prevention
Falls
Eye Protection Eye Injuries
Hard Hats
Foot Protection
Hand Tool safety
Have a Chair
Respiratory Protection
Ladder Safety
Heat Stress
Tree Trimming Safety
Backing Safety
Buckle Up for Safety
Reducing Unsafe Acts
Destination Safety - Safety Conscious Employees Part I & Part II
Cutting and Milling - Asbestos Cement Pipe
Stop the Bleeding -- First Aid
Heat can Kill -- Heatstroke and First Aid
Dreams into Nighmares -- Obey Safety Rules
Preventing Office Fires
Home Safety: Past, Present and Future
Boating Safety
A Welcome Interruption -- Ground Fault Circuit Interruptors
Tag, You're It -- Lockout/Tagout Procedures
Personal Work Space -- Office Safety
No More Mr. Mean Screen -- Computer Safety
Housekeeping -- General Work Space
HAZ COM -- An overview of Hazardous Chemicals in the workplace
HAZ COM Labels
Where are Your Hands? -- Hand Safety
When Lightning Strikes
Safety Meeting Benefits - On Any Given Day
Personal Work Space
Barricades - The Forbidden Zone
Hapless Hal's Roadside Safety
Safety is Your Responsibility
Slippin' and Trippin'
EMT Lifting Techniques
307
ISAFETY NOTES I
SECTION 13:
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY FORMS
IN CASE OF EMERGENCY
FILL OUT FORMS
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;#-
ISAFETY NOTESI
MONROE COUNTY
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT
(See Instructions On Reverse)
HAZARD
CLASSIFICATION
CODE HCC
severity Frequency
CIRCLE ONE: FIRST REPORT(Complete all Asterisked items) FINAL
VEHICLE ACCIDENT: YES (Follow instructions closely)
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECTION(Injuries Only)
TO:
RISK MANAGEMENT AND LOSS CONTROL
*FROK:
(A
* 1. EMPLOYEE NAME
(First, MI, Last)
*2. Department:
3. Job Title:
*5. Location Of Accident:
of Accident
9. Work Time
Lost(days
*7. Describe Injury/Property Damage
10. Cost(Est)
*8. Witnesses(Include Address and Phone)
11. Cost
(Final)
YES NO 14. Type
Model
Serial No.
First Aid Given YES NO
*16. Were you present when the accident occurred? YES
NO
17. Personal Protective Equipment Used? Yes
*18. Supervisor's Report On How and Why Accident occurred(Include Unsafe Act, Causes and Root Cause)
19. Supervisor'S Report On What Has Been(And Will Be) Done To Prevent Recurrence Of Similiar Accident ECD
I
Interim HCC Final HCC
20. Division/Department Director Comments:
21. Supervisor's Signature
~ 22. Department Director's Signature
Date:
Date:
23. Division Director's Signature
24. Safety Department Comments and Recommendations:
Date:
Monroe County Form SAF-1, October 9, 1991, Do Not Use Previous Forms
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT COMPLETION INSTRUCTIONS
(Use addit10nal sheets of paper if needed)
Hazard Classification Code: Refer to "Hazard/Risk Assessment Matrix" in The Monroe
county safety policies and Procedures" manual, Page 91.
Thru
Employee Benefits Section only receives report when a County employee is
injured. All first reports must be submitted within 24 hours.
Rpt.No: Refer to "Monroe county Hazard/Accident Report Numbering System" in the Monroe
County Safety Policies and Procedures Manual, Page 31B.
From
1.
2,3,4
5.
6.
7.
B.
9.
Department; investigating supervisor's name; phone number
Name of Employee injured or involved in the accident, or Name, address, and
phone number of injured member of the public.
Self-explanatory
Be specific, exact address(inc1uding Key, e.g. Key Largo), name of building,
location in building etc.
Describe activity or task, e.g. Backing passenger vehicle, lifting cartron of
books, chipping logs, ~tc.
Describe source of injury, e.g. Object, substance or motion; Part of body,
e.g. Eye, index finger, upper arm, etc; type of injury, e.g. cut, bruise,
broken upper arm, etc.; Severity of injury, e.g. Severe, minor, very minor, etc.
Self-explanatory
Lost time in days. Enter none if less than one full day(B hours).
10. Your best estimate of cost to the County(property damage only).
11. Reserved for Risk Management
12.
13,14.:
15.
16,17.:
lB.
19.
20-24.:
VEHICLE
-.
written instructions on how to do the job, associated hazards, and personal
protective equipment required.
self-explanatory
If first aid given or hospital/doctor's treatment required please describe
Self-explanatory
Give details to clearly explain "How" and "Why". Refer to Monroe County
Safety Policies and Procedures Manual, Part II for "List of Unsafe Acts".
Include all preventative measures taken through date of submission of this
report, e.g. Personnel briefed on hazard, warning/caution signs posted,
equipment locked out to prevent use, etc. For planned actions include work
order submitted. Include Interim HCC for actions already complete and Final
HCC when all work orders have been completed. ECD = Estimated Completion Date.
Self explanatory
ACCIDENTS: Immediately after the accident the driver must: 1. leave the
vehicle inplace. 2. Set warning markers, flashers, reflectors or flares.
3. Give aid to injured persons. 4. Contact police, then your supervisor.
5. Carefully fill out this form. Include the following additional
information- Make of county vehicle, year, model, license number, vehicle
identification number, what the vehicle was being used for, repair estimate.
Private Vehicles- Owner, address, phone; driver, address, phone(if different),
make of vehicle, year, model, license number, estimated repair cost,
insurance company. Was a police investigation made? Name of agency(sheriff,
FHP, etc.), who was charged with the accident, any arrests made, if, yes who?
Do you think a claim will be made against you? The driver should fill out
section lB. Forward this report immediately to the county safety office and
do not discuss the accident with anyone but police.
MONROE COUNTY
VEHICLE ACCIDENT ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
CIRCLE ONE:
FIRST REPORT
FINAL
(A)
license no.
Estimated repair cost:
What was the vehicle being used for?
WEATHER
PRIVATE VEHICLES
applicable)
License no.
Estimated repair cas
· Make
Owner
Address
Phone number
1 Driver(if different from owner)
Address
Phone number
,I Insurance Company
TYPE POLICE INVESTIGATION(Sheriff, FHP, etc.)(If applicable)
I WHO WAS CHARGED WITH THE ACCIDENT?
., ANY ARRESTS MADE? If yes, who?
DIAGRAM OF ACCIDENT:
_I.
I.
J
l.
I.
312
I NOTES/ADDITONAL INFORMATION
MONROE COUNTY Form SAF-1a, Auguat 22, 1991
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MONROE COUNTY HAZARD WORKSHEET
(See instructions on reverse)
Name (Safety Pepresentative)
Division
Department
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
(include location)
procedure
-building
RECOMMENDED CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
-
HAZARD WORKSHEET INSTRUCTIONS
-
The Hazard Number should be completed in accordance with the Monroe County Hazard/
Accident Report Numbering System in the safety manual.
-
Example:
R&B912SS0003
-
R&B
91
255
0003
Public Works Division, Roads and Bridges Department
1991 calendar year
Julian date
Third hazard identified in 1991 for this department
For the Hazard Classification Code refer to the Hazard/Risk Assessment Matrix in the
safety manual.
Corrective Actions should reduce the hazard severity and/or frequency to an acceptable
level(AS, BS, C4, or D3). There are 4 levels of corrective actions:
Levell. Completely eliminate the hazard, e.g. tear down the old and build a new
building, buy a new vehicle, engineer new design or change/eliminate procedure or task.
This level of corrective action is expensive, takes a long time and MUST be
supplemented with other levels of corrective action. Submit a work order to Public
Works to fix a physical hazard; include on the work order the Hazard Number and Hazard
Classification Code.
Level 2. Make a temporary patch to strengthen a structure, add safety inter-
locks, or guards, etc. This level also costs money and takes time. Submit a work
order as in level 1.
Level 3. Post. warning signs, "Notice of Hazard" form; lockout/tagout hazardous
equipment, use personal protective equipment, etc.
Level 4. Brief personnel on the hazard; add to safety briefing checklist, etc.
This level of action is required for all hazards.
Routing(when computer not used): Attach copy of the Hazard Worksheet to the work order
that is sent to Public Works. The originals are placed in the Division Safety Manage-
ment Book. Send a copy of moderate and high risk(A4, B3, C2, Dl or above) hazards to
the safety office. All open hazards must be reviewed and updated quarterly. Public
Works work order number must be placed on the Hazard Worksheet to allow accurate
tracking.
The AS-400 computerized Hazard Worksheet will be used to the maximum extent possible.
When hazards are entered into the computer no paperwork is required.
-
316
-
.
MONROE COUNTY SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST I DATE I Page I
J_BUILDING(FaCility being inspected) NAME of Inspector
INSPECTION ITEM Assessment CORRECTIVE ACTIONS/NOTES
I YES NO
..
I
L
L
L,
L
L
I -
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L_
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L 317
MONROB COUNTY Form SAF-5, Jun. 19, 1991
...
MONROE COUNTY HAZARD/ACCIDENT REPORT NUMBERING SYSTEM
The following alpha-numeric system will be used to identify
organization, date and number of hazard/accident. These alpha-
numeric identifiers will be used to identify each specific haz-
ard, will be placed on Monroe County Forms SAF-1 through 5 if
applicable, and will not be changed. This same system will be
used to number Accident Investigation Reports with an (A) at the
end. This hazard number is automatically generated when a hazard
is entered into the AS-400 Hazard Worksheet System.
Each identifier consists of four (4) sections:
Section 1: 2- or 3- letter organization identifier
Section 2: Calendar year
Section 3: Julian date
Section 4: Sequence number, starting over with 1 at the
start of each new Calendar year
Example: R&B912550003
R&B =
91 =
255 =
0003 =
Roads and Bridges Department
Calendar year
Julian Date
third hazard identified in 1991
DEPARTMENT CODES
DESCRIPTION
DEPARTMENT CODE
DIVISION CODE
AIRPORT
ANIMAL CONTROL
BAYSHORE MANOR
BUILDING DEPT.
CENTRAL SERVICES
CLERK OF COURT
CODE ENFORCEMENT
COMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNITY SERVICES
COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR
COUNTY ATTORNEY
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
EAST MARTELLO
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVo
ENGINEERING
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
EXTENSION SERVICES
AIR
ANC
BAY
BLG
GAR
CL
CE
COM
CS
AD
CA
CC
EMR
EM
EMS
ENG
ENM
ENV
EXT
CS
PW
CS
GM
PW
CL
CS
PS
CS
AD
CA
CC
PW
PS
PS
PW
ENM
GM
CS
DESCRIPTION
DEPARTMENT CODE
"._---~_.
DIVISION CODE
FACILITIES MAINT. FM PW
FIRE & RESCUE Fo..R PS
FIRE MARSHALL FMA PS
GROWTH MANAGEMENT GM GM
HEALTH DEPARTMENT HD
HUMAN RESOURCES HR MS
INFORMATION SYSTEM IS MS
INSURANCE INS MS
JAIL JA JA
JTPA JTP MS
JUDICIAL-COURT ADM. JU JU
LEGAL SERVICES LS
LIBRARIES LIB CS
LIGHTHOUSE PROGRAM JUV
LAND AUTHORITY LA LA
MANAGEMENT & BUDGET OMB MS
MANAGEMENT SERVICES MS MS
PLANNING PLN GM
PARKS & BEACHES FM PW
PIGEON KEY PGK
PROPERTY APPRAISER PA PA
PUBLIC DEFENDER PD PD
PUBLIC SAFETY PS PS
PURCHASING PUR MS
ROADS &. BRIDGES R&.B PW
RECYCLING RC ENM
SAFETY SF SF
SHERIFF SH SH
SOCIAL SERVICES SS CS
STATE ATTORNEY SA SA
SUPER. OF ELECTIONS SE SE
TAX COLLECTOR TC
TRAINING TD TD
VETERAN'S AFFAIRS VA VA
TITLE/SUBJECT/ACTIVITY -
PAGE OF PAGES
DATE 1
DIVISION I DEPARTMENT I SECTION
i
YES NO I
1
1
1
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320
L
MONROB COUNTY Form SAF-7, July 3, 1991
GENERAL PURPOSE CBECltLIST
.~
~ EMPLOYEE SAFETY AND HEALTH RECORD
~8'f~~ 1. NAME
J\,: ,~, ,;\11'
,<, l:
p 2.Division/Dept./Section
i:,'r
.,
q~ ~, 3.Job Title 14.Date assigned
,
<'O!o'ai", ,. ,,<,-
5.Hazards associated with present job
MAKDATORY ITEMS I" MAKDATORY ANNUAL TRAINING SUP. PERSOHAL PROTECTIVE V
(to be briefed to all employees) 1* for all eumloveesl DATE INIT EQUIPMENT ISSUBD
1. Hazards of the job or tasks and 1.* Proper lifting techniques- 1. Eye protection
safety procedures to be followed. Back care 2. Head protection
2. Hazards of the work areas. 2.* Slios, trios and falls 3. Hearing protection
3. OSHA Standards, purpose, location and 3.* Reducing unsafe acts 4. Hand protection
description. 4.* Heat stress 5. Respiratory proto
4. Personal Protective Equipment needed 5. Other (Customized list for each 6. Foot Protection
and how, when, and where to use it. employee. ) 7. Others(list)
5. Location and use of emergency and
fire protection equipment.
6. Emergency procedures that apply to
their iob and work olace.
7. Reporting unsafe equipment, condi-
tions or procedures to supervisor
immediately.
8. Location, submitting procedures, and
purpose of HAZARD REPORT, Monroe county
Form SAF-2.
9. Accident reporting procedures. SPBCIALIZED SAFETY TRAINING SUP. PBRSOIIAL PROTECTION V
DATE
10. Emergency telephone numbers. lCover all asioned hazardous tasksl INIT IN WORK AREA
11. Location and required review of 1. Fire extinguisher (hands-on) 1. Bye protection
safety bulletin boards. . 2. Respirator(Scott Air Pack, etc) 2. Head protection
12. Location of medical facilities and 3. 12 inch disc chipping machine 3. Hearing protection
procedures for obtaining treatment. 4. Drum chinnino machine 4. Hand orotection
13. Requirement for documentation and 5. Stump grinder 5. Respiratory proto
notification of on-the-job injury or 6. Dump truck 6. Foot protection
illness. 7. Chain saw 7. Others(l1st)
14. Purpose and function of the NOTICE 8. Tree trimming
OF HAZARD Form,Monroe Countv Form SAF-3. 9. Motor fleet maintenance
15. Individual responsibility for 10 Hand power tools
insuring own safety. 11. Accident investioation
16. Required use of seat belts. 12. CPR/First aid
17. Each employee has the right to a 13. Other' list \
safe and healthful working environment.
18. Other(list)
REMARKS/NOTES
321
EMPLOYEE SIGIIATUllB AIlD DATE:
MONROE COUNTY Form SAP-8, July 3, 1991
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HAZARD/RISK ASSESSMENT
MATRIX
* * FREQUENCY OF
OCCURRENCE
FREQUENT
1
MULTIPLE TIMES PER YEAR
PROBABLE
2
WITHIN ONE YEAR
OCCASIONAL
3
WITHIN 5 YEARS
REMOTE
4
WITHIN 10 YEARS
IMPROBABLE
5
UNLIKELY TO HAPPEN
* HAZARD SEVERITY CATEGORIES
CATASTROPHIC
CRITICAL
MARGINAL
NEGLIGIBLE
A
B
C
D
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::::::::::::::::::1\:4::::::::::::::::::::::
....................... .
C4
D4
........... .
.......... ..
........ .
..... ...... .......
... ...........
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AS
B5
C5
D5
* Hazard Severity catagories provide a qualitative measure of the worst
credible mishap(accident) possible.
** Frequency will be determined based on previous or similiar mishap
data when available.
(A) CATASTROPHIC - Death, permanent disability, complete loss of facility, or costs
over $300,000.00.
Severe injury, severe occupational illness, or costs up to $300,00.00
Minor injury, minor occupational illness with lost work time(7 1/2
hours or more), or costs up to $100,000.00.
- Very minor injury with less than a day lost work time or costs
less than $1,000.00.
(B) CRITICAL -
(C) MARGINAL
(D) NEGLIGIBLE
.
HIGH
RISK
g" " " " "
.......... ..
......... ..
........... .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
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. ...... ..,..
,-. ........
II
D
VERY LOW
RISK
323
MODERATE
RISK
LOW
RISK
-
ISAFETY NOTES I
324
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS, Labor, 29, Parts 1900 to 1910;
7/1/89; Office of the Federal Register National Archives and
Records Administration, Pgs. 1-823.
CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS, Labor, 29, Part 1926, Office of the
Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration,
7/1/89, Pgs. 1-362.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY AT WORK, National Safety Council pamphlet,
1990. Pgs. 1-12.
EMPLOYEE BURNOUT CAN BE A DEADLY PROBLEM, Safety Compliance Let-
ter - With OSHA Highlights, Bureau of Business Practice, Inc.,
5/25/90, Pgs. 1-3.
FIRE SAFETY, National Safety Council pamphlet, 1991. Pgs. 1-12.
FLORIDA LEAGUE OF CITIES - SYSTEM 7 LOSS CONTROL MANAGEMENT PRO-
GRAM, Florida League of Cities, Inc., Public Risk Services Divi-
sion, Pgs. 1-101.
HOW TO AVOID SLIPS, TRIPS AND FALLS, Channing L. Bete Co.,
Inc. pamphlet, 1989. Pgs. 2-15.
HOW TO PREVENT BACK PROBLEMS, Business & Legal Reports pamphlet,
1986. Pgs. 2-15.
PLAY IT SAFE ... HANDLE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS WITH CARE, Bureau of
Business Pract~ce, Inc. pamphlet, 1988. Pgs. 1-20.
PUBLIC EMPLOYEE SAFETY & HEALTH MANAGEMENT, National Safety Coun-
cil, 1990, Pgs. 1-386.
SUPERVISORS SAFETY MANUAL, National Safety Council, 1978, Pgs.
1-426.
TECHNIQUES OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT, Petersen, Dan; McGraw-Hill
Book Co., 1971, Pgs. 1-250.
UNIT GROUND SAFETY REPRESENTATIVE GUIDE, 833 Air Division,
10/18/89.
WHEN IT COMES TO LIGHTNING DON'T BE STRUCK DUMB!, Kuhn,
Todd A, MA, Central Florida Safety Council, May/June issue, 1991,
Pg. 5.
WORKING WITH DISPLAYS - A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR VDT USERS, IBM,
Center for Office Technology pamphlet. Pgs. 16.
325
ISAFETY NOTESI
326
JNDEX
Accident Causal Factors, Hazardous Conditions..................... .101
Accident Causal Factors, Environment..... ..... ................... ..103
Accident Causal Factors, Management Systems. ........ ... ........... .106
Accident Causal Factors, Personal Protective Equipment........... ..105
Accident, Definition................................................ 35
Accident Investigation Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Accident Investigation Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25, 64, 312
Angry Person, Dealing With....... ........ ........... ......... ..... .256
Areas, Major Safety Program... ...... ............ ............ ...... ..39
Avoiding Slips, Trips &. Falls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
Awards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Awareness, Employee................................................ 277
Back Exercises.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
Back Injury Prevention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
Backing Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Barriers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325
Books, Safety................................................ .303, 306
.
Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
Bulletin Boards.... ........... ............. ...... ..64, 55, 44, 176, 48
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome............................................. 197
Causal Factors, Accident.......................................... .101
Chainsaw Safety... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303
Checklist, Computer Operator...................................... .195
Checklist, Division Safety Program Evaluation...................... .45
Checklist, Equipment Operator's.................................... .85
Checklist, Equipment Operator's Abbreviated...... ...... ....... ..... .86
Checklist, Facility Inspection....... ................ ...... ........281
Checklist, General Purpose Form.............. ....... ...............320
Checkli st, Safety Inspection....................... '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281
Checklist, Supervisor's Daily Safety Briefing...................... .80
Clothing, Protective............................................... 243
Commi ttees, Safety.................................................. 16
Communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275
Communiques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Compressed Air/Gases......................................... .206, 248
Construction Safety...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
Corrective Actions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45, 46, 101
Corrosive Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Costs, Accident............................................ .35, 36, 98
County Safety Inspections.......................................... .56
Crosstells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Division Director Support of Safety Program.... .................39, 45
Division Director's Responsibilities............................ .4, 45
Division Safety Management Books.......... .......... ........42, 46, 60
Division Safety Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Division Safety Program Evaluation Checklist.. ......... .............45
Division Safety Program Status Form........................... .49, 322
Dri 11 Press........................................................ 242
Driver Permits..........................;.......................... .21
Driving Safety.................................................... .216
Drums, 55 Gallon................................................... 287
Electrical Inspection.............................................. 211
Electrical Safety.................................................. 210
Electrical Safety Rules..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
Elements, Safety Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Emergency Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Employee Benefits Section Responsibilities...........................9
Employee Safety and Health Record................................. .321
Employees Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Energy I solating Device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
Energy Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Energy, Stored.................................................... .171
Enforcement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Environmental Conditions.........................:.,................ 103
Equipment Operator's Abbreviated Checklist (Sample)................ .86
Equipment Operator's Checklist (Sample).. ........ ............. ......85
Excavations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
Exp 1 0 s i ve s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 , 178
-
-
Faci li ty Inspection................................................ 281
Faci li ties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 46
Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
Fi re Causes................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202
Fire, Classes of................................................... 209
Fire Inspection.............................................. .206, 283
Fire Prevention.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202
Fire Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205
Fire Safety........................................................ 202
Fire Safety Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178, 205
Fi rearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
First Aid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11, 17, 276
Flammable Liquids.................................. .116, 202, 209, 211
Forklifts.................................................... .246, 329
Forms, Safety...................................................... 308
Frequency of Occurrence.... ..... ................ ....... ... .12, 90, 323
Garage Inspection.................................................. 296
General Purpose Checklist Form.................................... .320
General Safety Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
Grass Cutting... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
Grinding Wheels.......................................... .'........ .241
Grounding. . . . . . :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
Grounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
Guards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
Handtrucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Hazard Classification Codes........ ... ......... ........ ...... ..87, 323
Hazard Reduction Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Hazard Reporting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55, 63
Hazard/Risk Assessment Matrix............. .......... .... .......91, 323
Hazard Severity Categories.. ...... ... ... ...... ......... ....11, 89, 323
Hazard Worksheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315
Hazardous Conditions......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Hazardous Material Evaluation.....................' ',' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
Hazardous Material Training....................................... .139
Hazardous Materials Inspection.................................... .291
Hazardous Materials Safety Program........................... .113, 164
Hazardous Materials Working Rules........... ................ .......116
HCC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Heinrich's Theory.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Hoi sting Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249
Housekeeping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179, 207
Igni tion Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
Individual's Responsibi Ii ty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Inspection Checkli st. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279
Inspections, Safety.. .......... ............ .......... ...56, 40, 15, 45
Investigation, Accident....................................... .58, 274
Job Safety Analysis (JSA).......... ........ ........ ............67,272
JSA Sample................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Job Safety Training Outline.... ............. ............... .........62
Labels, Hazardous Materials....................................... .127
Ladders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251, 295
Lathes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242
Library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269, 305
Lifting Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
Lifting Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
Lifting Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65, 306
Lifts, Vehicle.................................................... .248
Lighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . .194
Lightning. . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
Listening......................................................... .261
LockoutjTagout Program.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168
Machine Shop Operations........ ...... .., ........ ....... .,. ....241,294
Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106, 265
Management Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Material Safety Data Sheets... ............ ...... ..............117, 159
Medication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
Meetings, Safety............................................... 16, 268
Near Misses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Notice of Hazard Form..........................................64, 313
Notice of Injury Form.............................'...............24, 64
Obj ecti ves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Occupational Safety and Health........................... .... ...43, 47
Off-the-Job Safety......................................... 44, 48, 254
Office Equipment........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
Office Safety..................................................... .191
On-the-Job Training............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17, 45
OSHA Standards.................................43, 47, 48, 49, 63, 281
Parks Inspection................................................... 297
Part I, Safety and Accident Prevention Program.......... ... ..........1
Part II, Safety and Accident Prevention Program................... ..29
People as Contributing Factor to Accident. ...... ........... ........104
Personal Protective Equipment.... ......... .63, 105, 178, 243, 271, 291
Personal Rights................................................ 65, 321
Personnel Policies and Procedures Manual........................ ....20
Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230
Playground Inspection.....,........................................ 291
Poisonous Snakes.................................................. .221
Poisonous Plants...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230
Policy, County Safety............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Powered Industrial Trucks.......................................... 245
Principles, Safety.................................................. 34
Rating System, Division Safety Program..;........................ ...50
Records. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10, 275
Reporting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10, 275
Reporting Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12, 58, 59, 63, 64
Responsibilities........................................... .3, 10, 264
Responsibility Assignment... .... ............. ...... ....... ..3, 10, 366
Ri sk Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Risk Categories............................................... .91, 323
Safety/Accident Review Board....................................... .23
Safety Director Responsibilities............. .... ................8, 15
Safety Equipment Li st. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303
Safety Inspection Checklist Form............ ...................... .281
Safety Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303
Safety Program Evaluation Checklist..... ......................... ...45
Safety Representatives' Responsibilities... ..............5, 41, 46, 60
Scaffolds......................................................... .251
S corp ion s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Seat Belts............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47, 65
Self- Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Severity Categories, Hazard....................................... .323
-
Shop Work........................................................ . .247
Si tting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Slips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
Smoking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
Snake s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Spiders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255
Spot Inspections.................................................... 56
Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202
Suggestions, Safety................................................. 19
Supervisor's Daily Safety Briefing Guide (Sample).................. .80
Supervisor's Responsibilities............... ... ..... ....... ..........6
System 7 Safety Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263
Tire Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248
Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
Toxic Chemicals.................................................... 115
Toxic Chemicals Inspection........................................ .291
Training, Defensive Driving Course......................... .19, 43, 47
Training, DiVision Safety Representative.'.......................... .18
Training, Employee............................................. 17, 272
Training, Hazardous Materials..................................... .139
Training, Job Safety Outline (Sample).............................. .62
Training, On-the-Job................................................ 17
Training, Personnel......................................... 17, 47, 57
Training Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41, 139
Training, Specialized.............................................. .18
Training, Supervisors...................................... .43, 47, 59
Training, Supplemental.............................................. 18
Trenches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
Trend Analysis Data Base Form... ........ ... ..... ...................318
Trips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Unsafe Acts/Practices.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99, 295
Vehicle Accident Preventability Determination..................... .108
Vehicle Lifts...................................................... 248
Vehicle Maintenance.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247
Vehicle Safety........................................... .47, 216, 247
Vehicle Safety Rules, General...................................... 216
Videos, Safety..................................................... 305
Welding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293
Working Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270